Three Phases of E&P Activity

 Exploration Phase – includes steps from the initial idea

about an opportunity through the activities required to drill
and analyze the results of drilling an exploration well.
 Appraisal/Development Phase – includes development of
a delineation plan, appraisal drilling and iterative loops of
preparing and then refining development plans.
 Production Phase – includes constructing production
facilities, producing the resource and constant monitoring to
develop alternatives

Exploration Development Production

Types of Traps
 Structural Traps: Anticline (A) Faults (B) Salt (C)
 Stratigraphic Traps: Pinch-out (D) and Unconformity (E)
Reservoir Components

Cap rock

Gas

Gas/Oil
Contact

Oil/Water
Contact
Oil Water
How do we findSeismic
it and get it out?
Data acquisition Interpretation
and processing Geostatistics

Demote
Reservoir Mapping and
Simulation Tools Visualization

Perforation and
Secondary
Recovery Pressure Testing Promote
Completion
Exploration: Discover the Structure
Exploration: What does a
Geophysicist do?
Gravity and geomagnetic survey
Early stage of Exploration
The most economic way to determine large scale structure
Seismic data acquisition
Collect seismic data on land and offshore
Seismic pata processing
Convert raw seismic data to seismic image for interpretation
Seismic Interpretation
Interpret the structure revealed from the seismic data
…In a nutshell
Exploration: Discover the
Geology
Exploration: What does a
Geologist do?
Examine well logs to
Identify rock type
Identify fluid content
Determine lateral extension
Examine drill cores and cuttings for
Lithology
Depositional environment
Porosity, permeability of rocks
Exploration: What does a
Geologist do?
Structural Mapping
Map the top and base reservoir
Map the thickness of reservoir rocks
Map the reservoir properties
Geomodeling Modeling
Utilize geophysical and geological data
Combine structure and reservoir properties into 3D architecture
Appraise reservoir volumes
Exploration: How do we do it?
The tools available to geologists and geophysicists
Charisma and IESX:
Create and interpret seismic data
Interactive Petrophysics and Elan:
Editing curves
Log analysis
Generation of histograms, crossplots and Z-plots
Stratlog:
Stratigraphic and structural sections
Composite displays
Exploration: How do we do it?
The tools available to geologists and geophysicists
CPS-3:
Structural mapping
Iso-property mapping
Eclipse:
Static modeling
Fluid modeling
Compositional simulation
Exploration: How do we do it?
The tools available to geologists and geophysicists
Petrel:
Seismic interpretation and attribute generation
Well and well log interpretation
3D Structural modeling
Static property modeling
Volumetric calculation
Streamline simulation
Fluid simulation