Column headings in tables. Laloulations. © Must be headed with the quantity & unit © Always show answers examples: [/A or t/s or m/kg to2 or 3 significant figures Drawing graph. © Choose the scales so that the plots occupy more than half the graph grids © Use sharp pencil & plot all pints within I/2 small square © Draw axes correct way round, abel axes & include units (e.g: mass/g) © Draw a neat thin best fit line - as many points above as below the line (DON'T force aline thorugh 0,0 unless the graph should go through the origin) Salodatina arent Statement & justification @ Always draw gradient triangle which @{t must be justified by reference takes up over half the length of the to the readings. line @ A theoretical justification ina ®Show t wv your workdng practical test will not gain marks. Xa) © Gradients have units (unit on the y-axis divided by unit on the x- axis)How to write a Planning Experiment 4 mee tS © Variables : (physical quantity) IV independent variable) = T~ DV (dependent variable) = #N CV/FV (key variable that you would control) =) CV e@ © Arworatus/materis fied Ve Apparatus to measure IV, DV and CV and other required materials and apparatus (to ensure the experiment is working} © apparatus setup diagram Draw 2D diagram with label @ Procedure 1. Measuring the IV ~ Apparatus, initial data/reading 2. Record RV = Measure & record DV by using {apparatus} 3. Repeating experiment (5 times including data) = Repeat the experiment by changing the IV @ WN Data (table) WJunit DV / unit 718 RF ream aa Draw — of DV against IV nv [oni A) ssreevorecastons,How to improve accuracy / Reliability When carrying out practioal work there are usually measurements that arein some way dfPcult to take in spite of taking great care. You should comment about these difRoulties when asked about precautions take to improve acouracy. Preeavtion Some specific examples to improve accuracy ere aaa aaa ory mcaee angen” |W BIN ATTN DRpeaEG Os ls ONOSTE OST Sccurauytomassne’”” | Checker ane ere Egiyoue messing th go something, mako sure Re star of te adj is nia withthe 270 fon your ule Orif using a stopwatch, check itis zeroed fist Tooke Law oxpormnante] |» Avoid parallax ovo: ie of gh over by oaing the rlor at Experimonts invahing ye eve! springs ‘Aways measur fom same point on sping (topo bottom of fing) ‘Wilt for spring/weight to stop bouncing ‘Uso of horizontal acfonsure rr i vertical Trexpermenta nvawng the [> Explain how t avo paatax oer measurement of alongtn | + When measunng heights ensue that the rue is held perpendicular tothe base ‘+ Explain how to arrange apparatus so tha itis parallel or perpendicular toa bench Tr experinents using + Ensue wach lem is aligned vo Tal the conve ofeach Temis a objects, lenses anda screen | tho same height and on the same herizonial straight ne ‘+ Mark tho mit oho los on the bone’ oon odor {+ Perform he experment oa shaded par of he nboeatoy + Avoidance of paraliax enor Tray Wacing experiments [> Space malar pine so hey aw alloast Orn apart ‘+ Ensure the prs re vertical + Draw neat hin ines a chengtsin te wrpeenre + kesumte conta covet contr 1 Plagne oye seat nrc Breed appease cat + Sir ant wat rte ight teers sper esi — wratier tea mere tosopmonng Ensire he ‘ernment outa re edig, Tneieaical enpormonis [> Gheak ora zero eror ‘+ Aways check that connections ar clean ‘+ When measuring resistance use low curents / voltages to avoid heating and changing the resistance you are measuring For oscilaions (ofa + Tine Woscitaions, usualy N>T0-and use tre trmnoloay pendulum or vibrating rule) | periodicte T=t/N ve adie todotino a completo | + Explain where the eye shou be placed to ave parallax ero. oscilaion