भारतीय रे ल || Indian Railways

Indian Railways Institute of Signal Engineering &

Telecommunication
Secunderabad, India

PROJECT REPORT
ON

“Audio Frequency Track Circuit”

Submitted by: -
Rahul Kumar
Junior Engineer (Signal)
Batch - IV
Division – Pune (CR)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Training opportunity I had with Indian Railways Institute of Signal Engineering &
Telecommunication (IRISET) was a great chance of learning and professional
development. Therefore, I consider myself as a very individual as I was provided with
an opportunity to be a part of it. I am also grateful for having a chance to meet so
many wonderful faculties and professionals who led me throughout this training
period.
I want to express my deepest gratitude to DG/IRISET and Sri C Neelakanta Reddy Sir
for giving necessary advices and guidance time to time and providing all facilities inside
campus to make life easier. I also want to thank our CDs Sri Kalyan Kumar Sir and Sri K
Uma Maheshwara Rao Sir for providing all help in best possible ways throughout
training period.
I perceive this opportunity as a big milestone in my career development. I will strive to
use gained skills and knowledge in the best possible way for the welfare and
betterment of Indian Railways.

Sincerely Signature
Rahul Kumar Date: __/__ / 2022
 TABLE OF CONTENT
1. Introduction to AFTC 01
1.1. Track Circuit 01
1.2. Need of AFTC 02
1.3. Principle of Working 02
1.4. Coded AFTC 03
1.5. Configurations of AFTC 04
1.6. Bonding in AFTCs 05
1.7. Electrical Separation Joint 07
2. Alstom DIGICODE AFTC System 08
2.1. Introduction 08
2.2. Working principle 09
2.3. DIGICODE Models 09
2.4. Signal flow diagram 11
2.5. System configuration 14
2.6. Technical Specifications 17
2.7. DIGICODE card details 17
2.8. AFTC Interfacing 26
2.9. Maintenance 26
3. Siemens FTGS AFTC System 29
3.1. Introduction 29
3.2. Working principle 30
3.3. FTGS Models 31
3.4. System configuration 32
3.5. Technical specifications 35
3.6. FTGS card details 36
3.7. Maintenance 42
4. Case Study of Khadki Station 43
4.1. Introduction 45
4.2. Frequency planning chart 45
4.3. Track layout 46
4.4. Track parameters readings 47
4.5. Failures & Restoration 48

References 49
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO AFTC

1.1 TRACK CIRCUIT

To detect the presence of a vehicle of a set portion of track is known as train detection and
this can be done with the help of a track circuit. In a track circuit, a portion of track is
electrically isolated from adjoining rails and included in a circuit to energise a relay. The
occupation or vacancy of the track portion is detected by the condition of the relay. A track
circuit in addition to train detection can be used for rail continuity detection and track to train
data transmission.

The basic principle behind the track circuit lies in the connection of the two rails by the wheels
and axle of locomotives and rolling stock to short out an electrical circuit. This circuit is
monitored by electrical equipment to detect the absence of the trains. Track circuits allow
railway signalling systems to operate semi-automatically, by displaying signals for trains to
slow down or stop in the presence of occupied track ahead of them. They help to prevent SMs
from causing accidents, both by informing them of track occupancy and by preventing signals
from displaying unsafe indications.

According to nature of supply source, track circuits can be categorised as

a) DC Track Circuit
i) Open DCTC
ii) Closed DCTC
b) AC Track Circuit
c) AF Track Circuit (AFTC)
i) Non-Coded AFTC
ii) Coded AFTC

This project work is on AFTC and more specifically about coded AFTCs.

1
1.2 NEED OF AFTC
Conventional track circuits has certain limitations given below:
 Single rail type
 Need of insulated block joints
 Effect of traction harmonics
 Small working track length
 Use of sensitive track relays, etc.

Above problems were the driving force behind development of AFTCs. Conventional track
circuits have been found to be affected by the high levels of interference due to traction
harmonics present in AC or DC electrified areas. Joint less AFTC is the solution in such sections
since they are immune to above interferences.

In AFTCs, Audio frequencies are used for the supply of the track circuits in order to enable a
separation of the track circuits with electrical separation joints. Unlike the conventional Track
Circuits, the audio frequency based track circuits do not require physical isolation from each
other. In other words, the electrical isolation is achieved by using different frequency on
adjacent track circuits and making them frequency specific.

1.3 PRINCIPLE OF WORKING

The AFTC works with modulated signal in audio frequency range and its extremities are
defined electrically by use of tuned circuit techniques. AFTC conforms to IRS specifications no.
RDSO/SPN/146/2001.

Audio Frequency range is selected due to following properties  Non-stationary.  Random in

nature.  Generation is easy.  Attachment and extraction of information is easy.  High level
of noise immunity.

AFTC works with modulated signal in audio frequency range (20 Hz to 20 KHz). A random bit
sequence waveform is used as a modulating signal and carrier signal will be a sine wave having
frequency in audio frequency range. A modulation scheme either FSK or MSK is used to
modulate the signal. For each track circuit, basic carrier frequency is different from adjacent
track circuit.

The modulated output signal after amplification and filtering is fed to the track through tuning
unit. Inside the tuning unit, signal is fed to primary of an isolation transformer and secondary
side is connected to R-L-C circuit which forms a resonant circuit along with rails, bonds for the
corresponding frequency band. Audio Frequency voltage (AC) is fed to the track and a portion
of track thus tuned to a frequency receives maximum power from transmitter.

The signal transmitted through the rails is received by the receiver unit. The receiver is tuned
to the corresponding frequency through tuning unit. The resonant R-L-C circuit formed by
rails, bonds and tuning unit delivers maximum power to the receiver. The output from tuning
unit after amplification, filtering and demodulation by corresponding receiver applied
through decoding units to a logic network which detects the track section by operating a relay.

2
In fact, the trackside tuning unit, which generally is linked to two different frequencies,
contains filters, which only allows one frequency to pass whereas stopping the other
frequency connected to same tuning unit.

1.4 CODED AFTC

Coded type AFTC are preferred over non-coded type as bit coding of modulating signal
enhances the safety. Modulation of signal provides safety against interference and coding
provides safety against false feed.
Coding simply means instead of using a simple square waveform as in the case of non-coded
AFTC, modulating signal is digitally coded with a message at a given speed.

As shown in above figure, correspondence to each ‘0’ bit, the “f - ∆f” frequency is transmitted
and in correspondence to each ‘1’ bit, the “f + ∆f” frequency is transmitted by the FSK/MSK
modulator.

In non-coded AFTC – modulating signal is not coded whereas it is coded in coded-type AFTC,
it implies that in former case track clear indication is given by proving of amplitude and
frequency of received signal but in later case it is different where track clear indication is given
by not only proving of amplitude and frequency of received signal but by its code also.

3
1.5 CONFIGURATION OF AFTC

AFTCs can be set up in two types

End Fed: At one end transmitter is provided and the other end receiver is provided. It is similar
to conventional track circuit. It is also called end of section transmission.

Centre fed: transmitter is provided at the centre of track circuit. Receiver is installed at each
end of the track. It is useful in enhancing the length of track circuit. It is also called
intermediate transmission.

4
1.6 BONDING IN AFTC
Imbalance in traction return current associated with rails in both 25KV AC traction and 1500
VDC traction may cause damage to AFTC equipment. To avoid this different types of bonds
are provided depending upon configuration of AFTC.

In AFTC various types of bonds are used between and at the end of the track depending upon
the condition. These bonds used serves the following purpose:

a) Balancing of traction return current: Traction return current in both rails is to be given a
path for balancing so that there is no unbalancing in tuned zone connections. If two rails
are at a potential difference to each other, an unbalanced current will flow through the
tuning unit which can burn the unit. These bond enables equalisation of traction return
current between the two running rails.

b) Electrical Separation joint: AFTC are to be delimited using electrical separation joints.
These consist of a rail bond and a tuning unit placed in the trackside connection box. The
tuning unit is used to tune the electrical separation joint to the respective track circuit
frequency which helps in maximum signal transmission.

Various types of bonds used are as follows:

i) S- Bond: These are used in straight track circuit between two consecutive AFTCs of the
same manufacturer. This consist of two semi-loops each delimited between its centre tap
and its connection point to the rail. The farther semi-loop of the S-bond is tuned to the
operating frequency of the track circuit. The other semi-loop is tuned to the operating
frequency of neighbouring track circuit. The axle standing on the S-bond occupies both
the near and advance track circuits thus causing overlapping of the two track circuits so
there is no detection gap. The use of an S-bond to separate two adjacent track sections is
preferred, since it does not require any insulated rail joints. An operational stop of the
first or last axle must be prevented within the S-bond.

Lm Center line of the boundary

= =

S bond

TU Box TU Box
To SER To SER

In above figure, we have shown symmetric s-bond which are used only if adjacent track
sections use same systems (FTG S 46 or FTG S 917). In case of different systems (FTG S 46 and
FTGS 46), an asymmetric S-Bond must be installed.

5
ii) Terminal Bond or End Bond or α- Bond: These are used in the end of the track circuit as
terminal bond. These are provided along with insulation joint for separating AFTC with other
type of track circuit (Conventional DC/AC track circuit) or AFTC of other manufacturer. For
traction return current the centre of alpha bond to be connected to next DC/AC track circuit
or AFTC of other make.

Terminal bond enables two- rail traction current in a section delimited by insulated rail joints.
In case of two mechanical interruptions of rails, the traction current, if any can reach the next
track circuit through a cable connected to the centre of the joint. From the next track circuit,
the above mentioned cable can be connected to one rail or to the centre point of an
impedance bond.
Lm Lm

IRJ IRJ

TU Box TU Box
To SER To SER

iii) Shunt Bond:

Shunt bonds are mounted in correspondence to the limits between an AFTC and a zone
where the two rails must be equipotential (Territory without signalling at all) i.e. end of the
track circuit or a track section with axle counters. An operation stop of the first or last axle
within the shunt bond must be prevented.

L m

Maximun dead zone

Area without track

Area equipped with SDTC
circuit

TU Box
To SER

Insulated steel bonds, conforming to the standards IS: 280 and IS: 2266 are used for S,
terminal, shunt bonds and also equipotential bonds. The cross section is determined by the
traction return current to be expected.

6
1.7 ELECTRICAL SEPARATION JOINT (ESJ)

Adjacent Audio frequency track circuits are isolated through tuning tracks to different
frequencies. The resonance is achieved through R-L-C circuit. These consist of a rail bond and
a tuning unit. The tuning unit is located in the trackside connection box and used to tune the
electrical joint to the relevant track circuit frequency. Electrical isolation between two
adjacent track circuits is achieved by using these tuning units. Tuning unit of frequency ‘f1’
offers high impedance (Parallel resonance) (pole) to its own track circuit frequency ’f1’ and
low impedance (series resonance) (zero) to the adjacent track circuit frequency ’f3 ’. Similarly
Tuning unit of frequency ‘f3’ offers high impedance (pole) to its own track circuit frequency
‘f3’ and low impedance (zero) to the adjacent track circuit frequency ‘f1’.

The tuned zone comprises a measured length of track which is used for forming ESJ. Overlap
zone is the portion of tuned zone in which both the AFTC Relays drop when it is shunted by
0.15 Ohms resistance.

A =Non-shunting zone of track circuit DT-2

B = Non-shunting zone of track circuit DT-1
C = Shunting zone of track circuit DT-1 and DT-2(Overlap zone)

7
 CHAPTER 2
ALSTOM AFTC (DTC-DIGICODE)

2.1 INTRODUCTION
The Digital Track Circuit (DIGICODE) is a remote-fed, joint less, Audio Frequency track circuit.
It can feed upto a maximum distance of 3.5 Km. It is designed as a track vacancy detection
system for railways (mainline and stations), underground, urban and suburban railways. In
Digi-Coded AFTC system the Minimum Shift Keying (MSK) technique is used. A train or vehicle
is detected by feeding audio frequency signals with a specific protection codes in the track.
There are 42 number of different codes each of 16-bit are available.

The parallel resonant circuit, represented by the turn of the Electrical Joint and the capacitor
of the tuning box, is tuned by varying its impedance so that it is maximum at the track circuit’s
carrier frequency. This is accomplished by a specific variable inductor housed in the tuning
box. The resonant circuit of the Tuning Box/Joint unit is provided with a fixed frequency equal
to the track circuit carrier frequency; accordingly, its impedance module is calculated by
varying the position of the ferrite bar of the calibration inductor, seeking the maximum
impedance setting.

8
2.2 WORKING PRINCIPLE

 ALSTOM audio frequency track circuit operates at one of 14 basic carrier frequencies.
These frequencies are arranged in two groups. Groups as per lower and higher
frequencies.
 Higher frequencies are for shorter length track circuits. (DTC 921).
 Lower frequencies are for longer length track circuits. (DTC 24).
 The AFTC transmitter generates a power-limited sinusoidal signal, at one of the 14 basic
frequencies.
 The basic frequency is encoded by "shifting" (MSK principle).
 "Shifting" consists of switching two frequencies with a modulation depth Δf = 100 Hz.
 Basic + Δf’ and ‘Basic – Δf’ these frequencies are detected independently and a number of
other checks are performed to ensure safety and against false operation.
 Modulation rate is 200 Hz. and Baud rate = 400 bits/second
 Modulation is included to provide greater security and to enable the information to be
passed along the track without being distorted.
 This method prevents the dangerous interference by harmonics of the traction return
current
 The operating frequency is keyed between the upper and lower frequency limit according
to an individual bit pattern which is cyclically repeated. The continuous transmission of a
bit pattern between transmitter and receiver of track circuit ensures the unmistakable
correspondence of transmission and reception equipment.
 different bit patterns are available for coding for each frequency.(Total no of codes 42)
 During track clear detection process, the RX, RT board and MODEM board will check the
following steps: -
 Frequency check
 Amplitude assessment
 Demodulation/coding check

2.3 DIGICODE MODELS

DIGICODE is available in basically two versions:

 DTC24 (LF)
 DTC921 (HF)

The main difference between the two versions is the frequency range in which they operate
and, as a result, the maximum section length that can be obtained by the track circuits.

9
a. DTC 24

It is used for longer track circuits on main line. It can cater for track circuit’s length from 100
m to 700m in case of end-fed configuration and upto 1000m in case of centre-fed
configuration. DTC 24 has following variants:

DTC 24 (LF) – End fed.

DTC 24 (LF) – Centre fed.

DTC 24
S NO. Carrier Frequency Name Frequency(KHz) Allowed Codes
1 F1 2.1 ( ∆=0.4) C1, C2, C3
2 F2 2.5 C4,C5,C6
3 F3 2.9 C7,C8,C9
4 F4 3.3 C10,C11,C12
5 F5 3.7 C13,C14,C15
6 F6 4.1 C16,C17,C18

b. DTC 921

It is used for short length track circuits on main line, points and crossings. It can cater track
circuits length from 30m to 400m DTC 921 has following variants:
DTC 921 (HF) – End fed.
DTC 921 (HF) – 2 Receiver (Point zone)
DTC 921 (HF) – 3 Receiver (Point zone)

DTC 921
S No. Carrier Frequency Name Frequency(KHz) Allowed Codes
1 F7 9.5 ( ∆=1.6) C19,C20,C21
2 F8 11.1 C22,C23,C24
3 F9 12.7 C25,C26,C27
4 F10 14.3 C28,C29,C30
5 F11 15.9 C31,C32,C33
6 F12 17.5 C34,C35,C36
7 F13 19.1 C37,C38,C39
8 F14 20.7 C40,C41,C42

10
2.4 SIGNAL FLOW DIAGRAM
a. SIGNAL FLOW DIAGRAM OF STRAIGHT TRACK CIRCUIT

11
b. SIGNAL FLOW DIAGRAM FOR CENTER-FED TRACK CIRCUIT

12
c. SIGNAL FLOW DIAGRAM FOR POINT ZONE TRACK CIRCUIT

13
2.5 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

1. INDOOR EQUIPMENTS

a) EVALUATOR: Evaluators are placed in a rack which is either an open rack or a closed
cubical. An open rack contains upto 3 sub-racks. Each sub-rack contains 2 DIGICODE
evaluators hence overall each open rack can accommodate upto 6 DIGCODE evaluators.
Open rack also contains relay bracket at the top to accommodate track relays.
Alternatively, 6 end fed track circuits or 3 center fed track circuits or 6 point zone track
circuits can be installed in one open rack. Similarly, a closed cubical rack contains upto 5
sub-racks. Each sub-rack contains DIGICODE evaluators hence overall each rack can
accommodate upto 10 DIGCODE Evaluators.

14
 The Evaluator consists of following modules
 Tx-Rx Module
 RT Module (Train detection module)
 Modem board
 Point Rx board (For point zone track circuits)
 Diagnostic board (Optional)

b) POWER SUPPLY UNIT

 The manufacturer will supply the Power supply unit with the input voltage option of either
230 V AC ±10%, 50 Hz ±2% or 110 V AC ±10%, 50 Hz ±2% as per the customer requirement.
 For each track circuit there is a separate power supply unit, which is mounted at the rear
of the rack
 OUTPUTS-(10 V DC or 50 V DC for TX board),24 V DC DIGI, 24 V DC LOC,19 V DC
 Only one option from 10 V DC or 50 V DC for TX board is used.
 Both fuses ‘10 V DC & 50 V DC’ for TX board shall not be plugged in simultaneously.

c) LIGHTNING DISCHARGER
 Lightning Discharger (LD) is connected in between the AFTC indoor equipment & Field
cables. It is provided to safe guard the AFTC equipment from high voltage emerging from
Lightning.
 It is a class D type.

d) CONSTANT VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER

 It has been recommended in areas where power fluctuations are more than 10%.It is a
Ferro resonant type CVT.
 One CVT(1000W) can cater for 6 No’s of End Fed or 3 No’s of Center Fed or 6 No’s of Point
Zone Track circuit.

e) TRACK RELAY
 Rated voltage is 24 V DC
 Plug -in-type
 Non proved type (Metal to carbon relay)
 Ordinary ‘Q’ series line Relay QN1
 Contact configuration 6F/6B.

15
2. OUTDOOR EQUIPMENTS

TUNING UNIT:
 The tuning unit is used to tune the electrical separation joint (S bond, terminal bond, or
shunt bond) to resonance.
 For each track circuit frequency a special version is required because a directly adjacent
audio-frequency track circuit also affects the tuning when using S bonds,
 The frequencies of adjacent sections are taken into account when selecting the tuning
units.

A: Always to lower frequency

B: Always to Centre of bond

C: Always to higher frequency

} CN4: Always to higher frequency

} CN3: Always to lower frequency

16
3. CABLE USED
 Power wiring (indoor) – 6 mm2 Multi-strand wire.
 The connection between the Tuning Unit (TU) and Processing Unit is provided through
one pair of 0.9 mm dia quad cable – single conductor upto 1 Km distance and double
conductors are used beyond 1 Km.
 Tuning Unit to rail connection – 25 mm2 Cu cable.
 Electric joint S-bond, α-bond or Shunt bonds – 145 mm2 Galvanized Steel cable.

2.6 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

S No. Parameter DTC 24 DTC 921

1 Max TC length 700m-EF,1000m-CF 400m-EF
2 Min TC length 100m 30m
3 ESJ Length 18.6 to 25.4m 6m
4 Carrier Frequency 2.1KHz-4.1KHz 9.5KHz-20.7KHz
5 Ballast Resistance 2 Ω/Km 2 Ω/Km
6 No. of Channels 6 8
7 TSR 0.5 Ω & 0.15 Ω (tuned zone) 0.5 Ω & 0.15 Ω (tuned zone)
8 Power Consumption 50-140 VA(EF),50- 50-140VA(EF)
200VA(CF)
9 Power Supply 110V±10%, 50 Hz±2% or
230 V ±10%, 50 Hz ±2%,
10 Temperature Range -20 to +70 °C field equipment
-10 to +70 °C indoor equipment

2.7 DIGICODE CARD DETAIL

There are two types of cards, frequency dependent and universal cards. Frequency
dependent cards are frequency specific whereas universal card are not any frequency specific
so can be used with any frequency AFTC.

Frequency dependent Cards:

 Tx & Rx Module
 Secondary Rx Module (CF Only)
 Tuning Units

Universal Cards:
 Mother Board
 RT_NDV Card(ST, CF), RT_DV Card (Pt. Zone)
 Modem Card

17
1. MODEM CARD:
 P1-P4, P12-P14 are set for generating required frequency. P10, P11 Jumpers are set
according to code plan as per the frequency allocation for the given track circuit.
 After setting of jumpers modem board is plugged in the evaluator.
 Frequency of track circuit as per frequency plan is adjusted with the help of two trimmers
F1 & F2, and adjusted frequency can be measured at sockets given below these trimmers.
 After generation of code bits in code generator, these code bits are also sent to
comparator circuit for comparison at track code in RT board.
 Carrier frequency will get modulate as per code bit set and this modulated carrier is sent
in transmitter board for further process.

2. TX CARD:
 In this board the modulated carrier frequency received from modem card gets amplified
and filtered.
 These filtered signals are sent to tuning unit, further these signals are injected in rails
through bonds which are connected to the rails.
 Gain setting arrangement is provided in this card.
 With the help of jumpers provided gain can be set to required level.
 After adjusting the gain setting, TSR test is compulsory.

3. RX CARD:
 In this board the modulated carrier frequency received from rails through tuning unit gets
filtered and amplified.
 If track circuit is clear these amplified signals are sent to demodulation in modem board.
Where these demodulated data is sent to comparator circuit for comparison with
available data.
 Amplified DC output is also sent to MSR circuit in RT board for evaluation of amplitude of
signals.
 Gain setting arrangement is provided in this card.
 After adjusting the gain setting, TSR test is compulsory.

4. RT CARD:
 In this board the demodulated data received from modem board is fed to comparator
circuit. It is fail-safe comparator.
 In comparator circuit data will be compared if ok then only, 20 KHz signals generated are
amplified and fed to the MSR circuit through delay circuit.
 MSR circuit – one direct input from RX board and other 20 KHz signals input through
comparator comparison.
 MSR circuit having dynamic AND gate with the two inputs it generates 24 V DC supply and
energies (pick up) the track relay.

18
LED indications are provided at the front panel of major modules/cards. For troubleshooting
purposes, the voltages at the power unit and measuring sockets of the major modules/cards
can be measured.

LEDs
50 V: presence of the d.c. voltage for the
power amplifier;
24 V DIG: presence of the 24 Vdc voltage for
the selective amplifier.

TEST POINTS
V TX: voltage at the secondary of the power
amplifier output transformer. It is the same
one adjusted with the ADJ.VTX selector
located above the test points. Caution: the
wave measured at the V TX test points is not
sinusoidal but squared.

V OUT: voltage at the primary of the TX-cable

matching transformer.

50 V: d.c. voltage for the power amplifier;

V RX: voltage at the input of the amplification

stage of the signal after the passive reception
filter. It is the same one adjusted with the
ADJ.VRX selector located above the test
points.

V IN: voltage on the cable side winding of the

receiver-cable matching transformer.

TEST V TX: when the standby is present, this

is used to measure the voltage adjusted using
the ADJ.TEST trimmer.

24 V DIG: used for measuring the 24 V DIG.

19
LEDs

24 V LOC : presence of 24 V service voltage.

OUT.MSR : Magnetic threshold output
OUTPUT : Track Relay or Electronic Interlocking System Vital
Input command power.
+5 : presence of 5 V service voltage.
-12 V:
+12 V
N: Normal system.
R: Standby (Reserve) system.
DELAY 1 : First Delay Unit output
24V.SW : 24 V auxiliary for the switch branch circuit.

TEST POINTS

MSR + : Electromagnet drive of Magnetic Threshold

MSR -
20 KHz : 20 kHz Generator Output
24 V LOC : 24 V service voltage.
OUT.MSR : Magnetic threshold output
OUTPUT : Track Relay or Electronic Interlocking System Vital
Input command power.
+ 5V : + 5 V service voltage.
- 12V: +12 V service voltage.
+ 12V
GND : Ground of voltages
N: Normal system.
R: Standby (Reserve) system.
DELAY 1 : First Delay Unit output
SW2 : Switch branch circuit 2 filtered signal.
SW1 : Switch branch circuit 1 filtered signal.
24V.SW : 24 V auxiliary for the switch branch circuit.

20
MOD: the 3 red LEDs indicate the channel set in the Modulator in a
binary form.

BIT1M: green LED indicating bit transmitted «1».

BIT0M: LED ON indicating bit transmitted «0».

DEM: the 3 LEDs indicate the channel set in the Demodulator in a

binary form.

CD: green LED indicating the Demodulator input voltage greater

than about 1 V peak.

BIT1D: green LED indicating bit received «1».

BIT0D: red LED indicating bit received «0».

LF: red LED indicating MODEM card configured for DTC24 system.

HF: red LED indicating MODEM card configured for DTC921

system.

OSC INT: trimmers for adjustment of frequency emitted by the internal

generator. Used during tuning of tuning units.

F1: adjustment of gross frequency of internal oscillator.

F2: adjustment of fine frequency of internal oscillator.

OSC.EXT: terminals used to insert either an external generator or to

read the frequency of the internal generator.

21
CD: Carrier detection of SW2

BIT1D: Reception of Bit1 and Bit0 of SW2

BIT0D

SW2 OUT: DC V

CD: Carrier detection of SW1

BIT1D: Reception of Bit1 and Bit0 of SW1

BIT0D

SW1 OUT: DC V

22
1. LED indications/Test points for Straight Track Circuit (End Fed)

PARAMETER CARD VALUE REMARK

V-TX@ 50V FUSE TX 6 – 90 V AC
V-OUT AT 50V TX 2 - 45 V AC
50 V DC TX 45 – 58 V DC
24 V DIG RX 22 – 28 V DC
V-IN RX > 0.220 V AC
V-RX RX 0.400 – 1.20 V AC Track Vacant/Free
0.010 - 0.280 V AC Track Occupied
MSR +/- RT 9.8 – 25 V DC
20 KHz Voltage RT 24 -32 V AC
24 V LOC RT 21 – 27 V DC
OUT MSR RT 4.8 – 6.8 V DC Track Vacant/Free
< 4.2 V DC Track Occupied
OUTPUT RT 20 – 28 V DC Track Vacant/Free
< 0.6 V DC Track Occupied
+5 V RT 4.9 – 5.1 V DC
-12 V RT -12.2 – 11.8 V DC
+12 V RT 11.8 – 12.2 V DC

23
2. LED indications/Test points for Straight Track Circuit (Centre Fed)

PARAMETER CARD VALUE REMARK

V-TX@ 50V FUSE TX 6 – 90 V AC
V-OUT AT 50V TX 2 - 45 V AC
50 V DC TX 45 – 58 V DC
24 V DIG RX 22 – 28 V DC
V-IN RX > 0.220 V AC
V-RX RX 0.400 – 1.20 V AC Track Vacant/Free
0.010 - 0.280 V AC Track Occupied
MSR +/- RT 9.8 – 25 V DC
20 KHz Voltage RT 24 -32 V AC
24 V LOC RT 21 – 27 V DC
OUT MSR RT 4.8 – 6.8 V DC Track Vacant/Free
< 4.2 V DC Track Occupied
OUTPUT RT 20 – 28 V DC Track Vacant/Free
< 0.6 V DC Track Occupied
+5 V RT 4.9 – 5.1 V DC
-12 V RT -12.2 – 11.8 V DC
+12 V RT 11.8 – 12.2 V DC

24
3. LED indications/Test points for Point Zone Track Circuit

PARAMETER CARD VALUE REMARK

V-TX@ 50V FUSE TX 6 – 90 V AC
V-OUT AT 50V TX 2 - 45 V AC
50 V DC TX 45 – 58 V DC
24 V DIG RX 22 – 28 V DC
V-IN RX > 0.220 V AC
V-RX RX 0.550 – 1.20 V AC Track Vacant/Free
< 0.280 V AC Track Occupied
MSR +/- RT 9.8 – 25 V DC
20 KHz Voltage RT 24 -32 V AC
24 V LOC RT 21 – 27 V DC
OUT MSR RT 4.8 – 6.8 V DC Track Vacant/Free
< 4.2 V DC Track Occupied
OUTPUT RT 20 – 28 V DC Track Vacant/Free
< 0.6 V DC Track Occupied
+5 V RT 4.9 – 5.1 V DC
-12 V RT -12.2 – 11.8 V DC
+12 V RT 11.8 – 12.2 V DC
SW1 OR SW2 RT 4.1 – 4.7 V AC Track Vacant/Free
< 2.50 V AC Track Occupied
SW1 OUT PT RX 5 – 15 V DC
SW2 OUT PT RX 5 – 15 V DC

25
2.8 AFTC INTERFACING

2.9 MAINTENANCE

1. REPLACING MODULES IN THE RACK

 Before changing any element turn off the power of the rack including the modules to be
replaced. It can be easily done either by turning off the front panel switch or the rear
Power Conversion switch.
 A standard screwdriver can be used to unscrew the modules. Before replacing any rack
module pay maximum attention to configure the board jumpers following the Putting into
Service Manual and the calibration form. In case a TX_RX module is to be replaced, refer
to the following instructions:

26
  Verify that the new module is of the same channel (frequency) as the original one by
checking the item number of the module;
 Set the ADJ. V.TX and ADJ V.RX front panel jumpers as the original positions;
 Verify that V.OUT has a value similar to that reported on the calibration form
 Verify that V.RX>0.5 Vrms
 Perform a shunt test on track.
 In case a RT board is to be replaced set the P12-P13 and P5-P6 jumpers as the original
positions, check the OUTPUT voltage and perform a shunt test on track. In case MODEM
board is to be replaced, set the channel selection (P1, P2, P3; P4, P12, P13 and P14) and
protection code (P10 and P11) selection jumpers as the original positions.

2. POWER SUPPLY CHECK

 The input power line voltage must be 220/110 Vac ± 5% before the power conversion unit
i.e. Input to the AFTC main cubicle or output of CVT.
 If no power, check switches (front and rear) in position 1.
 Ensure that rear Power conversion fuses are not open.
 Check of the front equipment fuses. If the front panel power LEDs do not lit, then check
whether the corresponding fuse is open.
Fuse 50Vcc 4A 250 V
Fuse 24V Loc 1A 250 V
Fuse 24V Dig 1A 250 V
Fuse ±12Vcc 1A 250 V (this fuse is inside TX_RX box, symbol F3)
 If some of the supply voltages is missing despite all the fuses are OK then replace the
TX_RX module.

3. INDOOR ADJUSTMENTS
a. Gain adjustments of voltages in Tx/Rx Cards (Jumpers)
 7-8 & 9-10 for minimum Gain setting, Minimum 380 mV – 1.3 V Rx Voltage is obtained
by regulating the above setting.
 Do not adjust gain on Rx board. Keep it at maximum separation.

b. Do’s & Don’ts for adjustments in Tx/Rx cards

 The V-Tx and V-Rx jumpers provided on the Tx-Rx Modules should be correctly positioned.
 Don’t swap or remove any card in “Power ON” condition. Power must be OFF through the
switch provided on front panel of Tx-Rx cassette.
 If there is a track circuit failure, please check the outdoor gears first prior to changing any
cards of processing equipment.

27
 Don’t touch the semiconductors (ICs) of the boards with bare fingers, as they are sensitive
to static electricity.
 No adjustments are required to be done in outdoor tuning unit.

2.10 FAULT DIAGNOSIS

1. OUTPUT IS NOT PRESENT

 If the V.RX signal is present, (> 0.5 Vrms), but the OUTPUT is not present, then check if
DELAY1 LED lits;
 If DELAY1 LED does not lit, then check the MODEM front panel showing the dynamic
operation of the board, i.e. BIT1M and BIT0M LED flashing, CD green LED firmly liting,
BIT1D and BIT0D LED flashing. If this is not the case, then replace the MODEM board. If
the MODEM works, but DELAY1 does not lit, then comparator or delay1 module have
failed; replace the RT board.
 If DELAY1 LED does lit, but OUT.MSR does not lit, then either the output stage of the RX
filter or the 20 kHz generator or the magneto static relay might have failed. Check the
MSR+ and MSR- voltage greater than 11 Vdc; if this voltage is not present, then the RX
filter output stage has failed. Replace the TX_RX module.
 Check the 20 kHz test points greater than 24 Vrms; if this is not the case, then replace RT
board.
 If the OUT.MSR LED lits and the relative test points have a voltage from 5.1 to 6.8 Vdc, but
the OUTPUT is not present, then the delay2 module has failed. Replace the RT board.

2. V.RX IS NOT PRESENT

 If track circuit is free this signal must be greater than 0.5 Vrms;
 Check that V.IN signal has an amplitude greater than 0.6 Vrms
 If V.IN is not present check the signal on the Cable entry rack by means of the millimetre,
if the RX signal is not present on entry rack, then check if the TX signal is present on the
entry rack; if TX is not present, then V.OUT must be verified; if TX on cable entry rack is
present, then check if the signal reaches the transmitting tuning box via the cable, then
check the receiving tuning box;
 If the fault is at outdoors, check Electric Joints and Tuning Unit and try rectifying them.

3. V.OUT IS NOT PRESENT

 Check if V.TX signal is present. If it is not present, then replace MODEM board.
 If the V.TX signal is present and V.OUT is less than the value recorded during
commissioning, then the TX filter has failed. Replace TX_RX module.
 If V.RX voltage is > 0.7 and SW1/SW2 voltages are > 4.5 and there is no out MSR or output,
check 20 KHz signal availability on RT card. If 20 KHz signal is not present, then replace
POINT RX card.

28
 CHAPTER 3
SIEMENS FTG-S

3.1 INTRODUCTION

 FTG-S is a Siemens make AFTC where FTGS – (F = Remote Fed, Coded, T = Audio Frequency,
G = Track Circuit, S = Siemens).
 The AFTC of SIEMENS make is designed to minimize periodic maintenance. But Periodical
checks and measurements are recommended.
 FTG-S is a remote fed AFTC with a frequency modulated AC voltage in which data is coded
into bits of odd and even streams. Audio frequency modulated (AC Voltage) and coded
signals generated by the transmitter card are fed to the feed end track through a tuning
unit and received at the receiver end tuning unit through rails.
 From receiver end T.U. the signals are sent to the receiver card provided in the cabin
through telecom cables. Here the signals are demodulated and evaluated in two separate
channels for redundancy.
 If the codes of received signal match with the preset code, two track relays, connected at
the end of the channels in relay card (GF1, GF2) pick up. When the transmitted signal
voltages get shunted through the vehicle axle, the two track relays (GF1, GF2) drop.
Various LED indications are provided on each card to facilitate failure detection. Various
testing voltage can be measured at measuring sockets.

29
3.2 WORKING PRINCIPLE

 SIEMENS AFTC operates at one of 12 basic carrier frequencies (fc). These frequencies are
arranged in two groups. Groups as per lower and higher frequencies.
 Higher frequencies are for shorter length track circuits. (FTGS -917)
 Lower frequencies are for longer length track circuits. (FTGS -46)
 The TC transmitter generates a power-limited sinusoidal signal, at one of the 12 basic
frequencies.
 The basic frequency is encoded by "shifting" (FSK principle). "Shifting" consists of
switching two frequencies with a modulation depth Δf = 64 Hz.
 ‘fc+ Δf’ & ‘fc – Δf’ these frequencies are detected independently and a number of other
checks are performed to ensure safety and against false operation.
 Modulation rate is 100 Hz.
 Baud rate = 200 bits/second
 ‘Modulation is included to provide greater security and to enable the information to be
passed along the track without being distorted. This method prevents the dangerous
interference by harmonics of the traction return current
 The operating frequency is keyed between the upper and lower frequency limit according
to an individual bit pattern of 8 bit which is cyclically repeated. The continuous
transmission of a bit pattern between transmitter and receiver of track circuit ensures the
unmistakable correspondence of transmission and reception equipment.
 15 different bit patterns are available for coding.
 During track clear detection process, the receiving unit will check the following steps:
o Frequency check
o Amplitude assessment
o Modulation and code check

30
3.3 FTG S MODELS

There are two types of track circuits with 12 operating frequencies and 15 bit patterns, to be
provided within station limits and for outside the station limits.

1. FTG-S 917
 It is for shorter track circuits within station limits.
 Operates on frequencies 9.5 kHz to 16.5 kHz. i.e. total 8 frequencies with a difference
of 1 kHz between consecutive frequencies.
 Permissible section length: max. 1,000 m
 These have following variants:
(i) Standard (ST) (65VA)
(a) End fed (b) Straight line application (c) Lengths up to 350 m.
(ii) Central feed-in (M) (75VA)
(iii) Points (W) (75VA) - For Point zone with one turn out
(iv) Crossing (KR) (85VA) - For Point zone with two turn out or crossing track circuit

 Operating frequencies are

f1= 9.5 KHz, f2=10.5 KHz, f3=11.5 KHz, f4=12.5 KHz, f5=13.5 KHz, f6=14.5 KHz,
f7=15.5 KHz, f8=16.5 KHz.

2. FTG-S 46
 These are provided for longer track circuits outside station limits.
 Operate on frequencies 4.75 to 6.25 kHz i.e. total 4 frequencies with a difference of 0.5
kHz between them.
 Permissible section length: max. 1,500 m
 These have following variants:
(i) Standard Configuration (ST) (80VA)
(a) End fed (b) Straight line application (c) Lengths 350 m to 550 m
(ii) Central feed-in (M) (90VA)
(a) Centre fed (b) Straight line application (c) Lengths 550 m to 1000 m

 Operating frequencies are

f9 = 4.75 KHz, f10=5.25 KHz, f11=5.75 KHz, f12=6.25 KHz.

Note: The permissible section length depends on the application variant, ballast resistance
and specific axle shunt resistance.

31
3.4 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

1. INDOOR EQUIPMENT
It consists of following units –
 Evaluator
 Power Supply Unit (PSU)
 Protection against lightning (GD/LA)

a. EVALUATOR
 This consists of a number of PCBs provided in one PCB frame mounted in a rack. In on
rack, upto 10 FTG-S track circuit evaluators can be installed.
 Each evaluator is provided with a separate power supply unit. Front plate of the PCBs is
equipped with LEDs for indication of operational data and easy diagnosis of failures.
 Measuring sockets are provided on each card to take readings and rectify the failures
quickly.
 Types of evaluator
FTG S 917 ST Evaluator
FTG S 46 ST Evaluator

32
 FTG S 917 W Evaluator (For Point zone with one turn out)
FTG S 917 KR Evaluator (For Point zone with two turn out or crossing track circuit)
FTG S 46 M

b. POWER SUPPLY UNIT

 The manufacturer will supply the Power supply unit with the input voltage option of
either 230 V AC±10%, 50 Hz ±2% or 110 V AC±10%, 50 Hz ±2% as per the customer
requirement.
 For each track circuit there is a separate power supply unit, which is mounted at the
rear of the rack and connected to the mounting frame via four plug-in cables.
 OUTPUTS - (12 V DC, 5 V DC).
 For each output sockets are provided with LED indications.
 Separate fuses for each output with given capacity written on it.

33
c. PROTECTION AGAINST LIGHTNING
 In a relay room as well as in a signal location box, protection against atmospheric voltage
surges shall be installed on each pair of conductors providing a link to the outside
environment in order to limit the harmful effects of lightning on electronic equipment.
 This protection is provided by lightning arrester as shown in fig below:

2. OUTDOOR EQUIPMENT
 Tuning units in track connection boxes - 2 Nos.
 Transmitter TU
Cable from Relay room is connected to terminals 11&14.
Track lead wires to rail is connected to terminals 9 & 10.

34
 Receiver TU
Track lead wires from rail is connected to terminals 9 & 10.
Cable to relay room is connected to terminals 15 & 20.

3. CABLING SCHEME
 From cabin to Tuning Unit – Star quad cable of 0.9 mm core diameter
 From Tuning Unit to rails - Copper ropes of diameter 25 sq mm
 Rail bonds (S, Alpha or Shunt) – 16 mm dia steel wire ropes

3.5 TECHNICAL SPECIFIFCATIONS

 Minimum Ballast Resistance - 1.5 Ω/km (ideal is 2.5 Ω /Km)

 Maximum recommended TSR - 0.5 Ω (other than the tuned zone)
 Power Supply -(i) 230V AC + 10% -15%, 50Hz. + 2%
 Power Consumption:
FTGS - 46
(i) Standard Configuration (ST) - 80VA
(ii) Central feed-in (M) - 90VA
FTGS - 917
(i) Standard (ST) - 65VA
(ii) Central feed-in (M) - 75VA
(iii) Points (W) - 75VA
(iv) Crossing (KR) - 85VA
 Minimum effective length of Track circuit - 30 M.
 Maximum effective length as per table below :

RB= 1.5 Ω/Km RB= 2.5 Ω/Km

FTGS 917 Remote TSR ST 917 M 917 W/K 917 ST 917 M 917
Feeding
4.5 Km ≤ 1.0 Ω 300 m 750 m 350 m 950 m
4.5 Km ≤ 0.5 Ω 350 m 850 m 400 m 1000 m
6.5 Km ≤ 0.5 Ω 300 m 700 m 330 m 850 m
FTG S 46 ST 46 M 46 ST 46 M 46
6.5 Km ≤ 0.5 Ω 600 m 1200 m 750 m 1500 m

35
3.6 FTG-S CARD DETAIL
There are two types of cards, frequency dependent and universal cards. Frequency
dependent cards are frequency specific whereas universal card are not any frequency specific
so can be used with any frequency AFTC.

Frequency dependent Cards:

 Amplifier & Filter Card (FTG-S 917)
 Filter Card (FTG-S 46)
 Receiver I Card

Universal Cards:
 Transmitter card
 Demodulator card
 Amplifier card
 Relay card
 Receiver II Card
 Coding board
 Dummy Board

1. TRANSMITTER BOARD
 The transmitter board comprises a quartz oscillator which controls frequency generation
and modulation. The track circuit frequency is generated by programmable counters,
which are gated by the quartz oscillator (16.336 MHz). The dividing ratio of the counters
is preset by means of a PROM, the inputs of which are linked with a coding plug. The
nominal frequency of the track circuit is determined by a corresponding coding plug.
 Another coding plug is used to set the bit pattern. The bit pattern is converted from
parallel to serial. The track circuit frequency is switched over by frequency shift keying in
accordance with the bit pattern.
 LEDs L2 and L3 indicate the shift-keyed frequency. L2 lights up for the upper frequency
and L3 for the lower one.
 An additional circuit on the transmitter board generates a scanning pulse for evaluating
the receiver and demodulator signals. The clock frequency of 16.336 kHz is generated by
dividing the quartz frequency. Correct operation of the additional circuit is indicated by
LED L8.
 The operating reliability of the FTG S track circuit is increased by a deliberate voltage-
dependent corruption of the bit pattern on the transmitter board. If the operating voltage
drops below a fixed value, the bit pattern is inverted. This is recognised by the
demodulator which then de-energises the track circuit relays via receiver 2.
 LED L1 indicates the output voltage of the amplifier. In the event of a fault, however, it is
advisable to test the control voltage at the amplifier.
 The proving relays of the intercore short-circuit supervision system are also mounted on
the transmitter board.

36
2. FILTER AND AMPLIFIER BOARD
 This circuit board is only used in FTG S 917.
 The modulated audio frequency of the transmitter is amplified to the required level by
the amplifier and transmitted via the selective filter to the trackside feed-in point. On
account of the selective filter there is a specific circuit board for each frequency.
 The transmitter output stage consists of a push-pull amplifier with output via a
transformer. It is driven by the output signal of the transmitter board.
 The square-wave output voltage of the amplifier is connected to the input of the filter.

37
 The sine-wave output of the filter then feeds the track circuit via the transmitter cable.
 The filter is responsible for the following:
a. Only the fundamental wave of the square-wave signal is fed into the transmitter
cable. All higher harmonics are suppressed so they cannot interfere with
transmission systems on and outside the track.
b. If the operating frequency changes (due to faults in signal generation and
conditioning), the level at the filter output is reduced.
 LED L4 indicates the operating state at the output of the filter.

Note: In the FTG S 46 track circuit the filter and amplifier are on separate boards. The amplifier
board operates throughout the frequency range of the FTG S 46. Whereas for each frequency
there is a specific frequency board.

3. RECEIVER-1 BOARD
 The receiver-1 board evaluates the amplitude of the track voltage. When the track is clear,
the board passes pulses to the demodulator board and electrically isolated DC voltages to
the receiver-2 board.
 On account of the multi-stage input filter, there is a specific circuit board for each
frequency.
 Each receiver section has its own set of I L5, II L5, IL6 and II L6 LEDs.

38
4. DEMODULATOR BOARD
 The function of the demodulator is to evaluate the bit pattern of the voltage received. The
demodulator is activated by receiver 1 after the evaluation of the amplitude of the track
voltage.
 The internal bit pattern is determined by coding plugs (section 5.2) connected to the
inputs of a PROM. The internal bit pattern is present as a parallel signal at the outputs of
the PROM. In a multiplexer, driven by a stepped-down clock frequency, it is converted
into a serial signal.

39
 The two serial bit sequences (external and internal) are compared by an exclusive OR
element. If they are the same, the comparator goes high; if they are different, it goes low.
The result of the comparison is indicated by LED L6.
 The demodulator board has a dual-channel design throughout. The two channels of the
demodulator are identical in their dynamic behaviour, but have an exactly opposite
structure. The two channels differ in the following respects:
a. The logical signals are inverse.
b. The counters run counter to each other.
c. The PROMs are inversely programmed.
d. The input signal is conditioned and triggered in reverse directions.
e. The flip-flops are logically inverse in their operation.
These measures prevent common-mode interference which would lead to a false
Concordance of the two channels.

5. RECEIVER-2 BOARD
 The receiver-2 board combines the output signals of the receiver-1 board (amplitude
evaluation and frequency) and demodulator board (bit pattern check). The resulting
output signal of this dynamic AND operation is amplified and controls the downstream
relay board.
 For signalling safety reasons, the circuit board is of dual-channel design; the two channels
are identical.
 Each channel comprises three functional units:
40
a. Clock pulse amplifier: The AND operation requires a scanning pulse. This is generated on
the transmitter board (section 5.1). The clock pulse amplifier amplifies and shapes this
signal and converts it from the 5 V to the 12 V level.
b. Dynamic AND operation: In the AND operation the output signals of the associated
receiver-1 board and demodulator are ANDed for signalling safety purposes. In addition,
the chronological sequence of the two signals is checked when the track section is
occupied and when it becomes clear.
Standard track circuit: The output pulses of the AND operation drive the clock output
of the receiver-2 board and the downstream output stage with the clock frequency.
Point track circuit: Three AND operations are incorporated. The output pulses of the
first two AND operations supply the clock pulse for the downstream AND operation.
The output pulses of the last AND operation drive the clock output of the receiver-2
board and the output stage.
c. Output stage: The output stage comprises a pulse expander, an amplifier, an output
transformer for electrical isolation and a rectifier. The output voltage provides the supply
voltage for the relay board and is indicated by LEDs I.L7 and II.L7 respectively.

41
6. RELAY BOARD
 The relay board constitutes the interface between the FTG-S indoor equipment and the
interlocking. It passes the track clear or occupied indication of the track section to the
interlocking.
 The relay board, like the receiver-2 board, is of dual-channel design and contains one track
circuit relay (GF1/K11 or GF2/K12) per channel. The two channels have the same structure
and their synchronism is checked in the interlocking.
 Two K-50 relays (4F/2B), Rated voltage 16 V DC are used. Front contacts of both relays
are used in series for final track repeater relay (TPR).
 The relay has a pick up time of 600 ms and drop away time of 250 ms.
 For operational reasons, when a track section becomes occupied or clear, the track
occupied indication (drop-out delay of track circuit relays) and track clear indication (pick-
up delay of track circuit relays) are delayed.
The “track occupied” signal is delayed by 170 ms
The “track clear” signal is delayed by 1300 ms

3.7 MAINTENANCE

1. RECORDING OF PARAMETERS
The following readings should be taken during periodical maintenance
(a) Power Supply Unit
Input to PSU – AC Volts (110 V AC + 15%)
Output of PSU – DC Volts (12 V DC + 1 V)
DC Volts (5 V DC + 0.5 V)
(b) Readings at Tx end
Frequency of AFTC – ……………KHz
Input to Tuning Unit (Terminal No. 11 & 14) ……Volts AC (Audio Frequency Voltage)
Output of Tuning Unit (Terminal No. 9 & 10) ……Volts AC
Voltage across the rails……Volts AC
(c) Readings at Rx end
Voltage across the rails……Volts AC
Input to Tuning Unit (Terminal No. 9 & 10) ……Volts AC (Audio Frequency Voltage)
Output of Tuning Unit (Terminal No. 15 & 20) ……Volts AC.
(d) Readings at Evaluator
For troubleshooting the voltage readings at the power unit and measuring sockets provided
on the evaluator can be taken.

2. TESTING VOLTAGES AT MEASURING SOCKETS

For troubleshooting purposes, the voltages at the power unit and measuring sockets of the
major components can be measured. The permitted values are given in the table below:

42
 S Card Description Socket Adjuster Permitted Actual Remarks
NO. No No. range range reading
1. B40/B41 Amplifier 1&2 20V AC 9 V to 12 11.36 V Square wave
Input (Tx V AC Voltage approx.18V
output) T=1/10= 69to210 us
2. B33 12 V Supply I-8 & II-8 20 V DC 11 V to 13 12.3 V
voltage V DC
3. B41 Amplifier 3.1 & 4.1 200 V AC 60 V to 90 64.9 V Square wave
Output V AC Voltage approx.100
to 150V with peaks
4. B40/B42 Filter Card 3&4 200 V AC 30 V to 73.3 V To track (before
100 V AC cable stabilizing
resistor)
5. B30 A2 Tx Card LEDs (L2 L3) Observe Flickering
Frequency Code
6. B33 Rx I CH I I-5 & II-8 20V AC > 6.5 V AC 9V With track
Input to < 20 V AC clear
7. B33 Rx I CH II II-5 & II- 20V AC > 6.5 V AC to < 9V With track
Input 8 20 V AC clear
8. B33 Rx I CH I I-5 & II-8 20V AC < 5 V AC 2.16 V With track
Input occupied
9. B33 Rx I CH II II-5 & II- 20V AC < 5 V AC 2.6 V With track
Input 8 occupied
10. B33 Rx I CH I I-6 & II-8 20V DC 12 V to 15 14.16 V
Output V DC
11. B33 Rx I CH II II-6 & II- 20V DC 12 V to 15 14.24 V
Output 8 V DC
12. B33 Demodulator I-7 & II- 20/2 V AC 1.3 V to 2 1.73 V
Input CH I 8 V AC
13. B33 Demodulator I-7 & II- 20/2 V AC 1.3 V to 2 1.8 V
Input CH II 8 V AC
14. B39/34 Relay I-11 & I- 20 V DC 16.5 + 1 V 15.7 V
Voltage CH I 12 DC
15. B39/34 Relay II-11 & 20 V DC 16.5 + 1 V DC 15.7 V
Voltage CH II II-12

3. STANDARD LOOPING AND GAIN SETTING

Voltage adjustment in Rx1 card
Standard input to Rx I card is 0.3 V to 2 V AC. To achieve this, following looping is done in Rx
unit:

3 -11 & 4 -13 – Low voltage

3 -12 & 4 - 13 – Medium voltage (Normal adjustment)
3 -11 & 4 - 12 – High voltage

No voltage adjustment to be done in Transmitter T.U.

43
Standard looping in tuning unit:

Type Looping
FTGS 917 Tx 2 - 8, 7 – 8
FTGS 917 Tx (without bond) Remove loop 7- 8, Remove GREY wire from terminal
9 and connect it to terminal 7
FTGS 917 Rx 2 - 8, 6 - 7, 3 - 11, 4 - 13
FTGS 917 Rx (without bond) Remove loop 6 - 7, Remove GREY wire from terminal
9 and connect it to terminal 7.
FTGS 46 Tx No looping
FTGS 46 Rx 3-11, 4-13
FTGS 46 Rx (without bond) (CF) Remove loop 7-9, Remove GREY wire from terminal
9 and connect it to terminal 7

Gain setting through DIP switches in RX1 card:

For gain setting, DIP switches are provided in the card numbered from 1 to 10. The following
are the combinations of DIP switches to achieve different gain settings:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON Highest Gain
ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF
ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF
ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF
ON OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF
OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON Normal Gain
OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON
OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF
OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF
OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF
OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF
OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF
OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF
OFF ON OFF OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF
OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF Lowest Gain

4. FREQUENCY AND BIT PATTERN (DATA) CODING PLUGS

Different frequency and bit pattern coding plugs are available to select the frequency and
data in the transmitter card and also select the reference data signal in the demodulator card.

44
 CHAPTER 4
CASE STUDY OF KHADKI STATION

4.1 INTRODUCTION
Khadki is a double line Station under pune division in Central railways. It is a class-B station
and conforms the Standard III (R) of Interlocking. Khadki station section and yard is completely
track circuited with AFTC of Alstom make.

4.2 FREQUENCY PLANNING CHART

Total no. of track circuits = 30

Channel Frequency (KHz) No of TCs Track Name

F1 2.1 -- --
F2 2.5 -- --
F3 2.9 01 206T
F4 3.3 01 205T
F5 3.7 01 235T
F6 4.1 01 233T
F7 9.5 05 221T,207T,213T,224T,238T
F8 11.1 05 202T,204T,234T,216AT,218T
F9 12.7 04 223T,212T,237T,240T
F10 14.3 05 201T,203T,232T,214T,217T
F11 15.9 04 222T,213AT,237AT,239T
F12 17.5 03 203AT,216T,219T
F13 19.1 -- --
F14 20.7 -- --

4.3 TRACK LAYOUT

Khadki station yard layout with corresponding track frequency and name is given on next
page. Each frequency is assigned a different colour.

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4.4 PARAMETERS READING

TRACK
PARAMETER 201T (F10) 202T (F8) 203AT (F12) 203T (F10) 204T (F8)
V Tx 12.48 33.99 39.88 36.89 49.33
V Out 7.54 18.00 19.95 19.23 31.43
V in 0.542 0.80 4.98 1.20 0.587
V Rx 0.916 0.818 1.21 1.3 1.00
20 KHz 31.36 30.11 27.96 30.74 24.32
SW1-AC -- -- 5.60 5.00 --
50V DC 56.10 55.80 56.14 55.96 55.80
24V DIG 23.99 25.90 26.10 26.01 26.15
MSR+/- 22.00 21.02 22.81 21.86 34.29
24 LOC 24.91 25.47 25.10 25.35 25.13
OUT MSR 6.89 6.60 6.45 6.51 6.01
OUTPUT 29.01 26.88 28.10 24.42 27.22
SW DC -- -- 4.85 8.22 5.00

201T, 202T, 204T => ST Track Circuit

203AT, 203T => CF Track Circuit

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4.5 FAILURES AND RESTORATION

S NO. FAILURE ACTION TAKEN REMARK

1 224T down Checked RT-DV card found Output and RT DV card faulty
Out MSR values fluctuating. On changing
RT-DV card track again PU
2 213T down Track lead cable was cut due to JCB work Track lead cable was cut
near the track. Changed the cable, track
PU again.
3 206T down Failure auto restored. As a precautionary Gain increased
measure gain at TX card increased.
4 235T down Checked all parameters. All found under RTDV card faulty
range. Replaced RTDV card, failure
restored.
5 235T down 24v LOC fuse blown in TX-RX card. Tx-Rx card faulty
Replaced fuse but again fused. Finally Tx-
Rx card replaced.
6 224T down Tx-Rx card malfunctions. Power OFF the Tx-Rx card
card and again power ON failure restored. malfunctioned/hanged.
7 213T down Checked all parameters, Out MSR Gain increased
fluctuating. After adjusting gain track PU
again.
8 235T down All parameters checked found ok. Failure No cause found
auto put right.
9 239T down Due to waterlogging on track. Drained out Waterlogging on track
water and failure restored
10 216T down 24V DIG fuse connection & indication Tx-Rx card faulty
faulty. Replaced Tx-Rx card.
11 239T down All parameters found ok. Increased gain Gain Increased
at Tx Side, failure restored
12 219T bobbing Track lead wire was cut & damaged. Track lead cable was
Replaced same and failure restored cut

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 REFERENCES

1. A Text book on “Train detection track circuit” by IRISET,2013

2. A Maintenance handbook on “Audio frequency track circuit” by CAMTECH,2013
3. “DIGICODETM audio frequency digital track circuit technical manual” by ALSTOM
Rev.4
4. “FTG S Track Circuit without Data Transmission (EZS)” manual by Siemens.
5. Technical notes by DMRC Training Institute, Shastri Park, New Delhi.
6. “Signal failure register” Khadki Station.

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