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PARTICULATE
EMISSIONS MONITOR
USER MANUAL
NOTE: This manual refers to the PCME DT200i Particulate Emissions Monitoring system with
modifications up to 14/10/96.
The products described in this manual are subject to continuous development and improvement
and it is therefore acknowledged that this manual may contain errors or omissions. PCME encourage
customer feedback and welcome any comments or suggestions relating to the product or documentation.
These should be forwarded to the Technical Department at the address given below.
This manual is intended as a guide to the use and installation of the product, and therefore
PCME Ltd. shall not be liable for any loss or damage whatsoever arising from the use of any
information or details therein, or omission or error in, this manual, or any mis-use of the product.
PCME Ltd.
ClearView Building
Edison Road
St.Ives
Cambs
PE27 3GH (UK)
www.pcme.co.uk
SAFETY ....................................................................................................................... 5
Electric shock; ......................................................................................................................................5
Danger from process; ...........................................................................................................................5
1.00 - INTRODUCTION............................................................................................. 6
1.01: Overview;....................................................................................................................................6
1.02: How does it work?.......................................................................................................................6
1.03: Safety Certification; ....................................................................................................................6
1.04: The DT200i system connection overview; ..................................................................................7
1.05: The DT200i front panel display; .................................................................................................8
2.00 - INSTALLING THE CONTROL UNIT .......................................................... 9
2.01: Overview;....................................................................................................................................9
2.02: Choosing a suitable location for the Control unit;.......................................................................9
2.03: Mounting the Control unit;..........................................................................................................9
2.04: Connecting the mains supply; .....................................................................................................9
2.05: Connecting to the Barrier unit;..................................................................................................10
2.06: Connecting to the 4-20mA or 0-10Voutput;..............................................................................10
2.07: Connecting the alarm relay outputs;..........................................................................................10
3.00 - INSTALLING THE BARRIER UNIT.......................................................... 12
3.01: Overview;..................................................................................................................................12
3.02: Mounting the barrier unit; .........................................................................................................12
3.03: Barrier earthing arrangements; ..................................................................................................12
3.04: Connecting the signal cable through the barrier unit;................................................................13
4.00 - INSTALLING THE SENSOR UNIT ............................................................ 14
4.01: Overview;..................................................................................................................................14
4.02: Choosing a suitable position for the Sensor unit; ......................................................................14
4.03: Iso-Kinetic sampling port location; ...........................................................................................14
4.04: Installing the Sensor unit;..........................................................................................................15
4.05: Running the signal cable between barrier unit and sensor; .......................................................16
4.06: Setting up the (optional) air purge;............................................................................................16
5.00 - SETTING UP TO SUIT THE PROCESS..................................................... 17
5.01: Overview;..................................................................................................................................17
5.02: Initial settings;...........................................................................................................................17
5.03: The DT200i gain controls; ........................................................................................................18
5.04: Setting the gain to suit the process; ...........................................................................................19
5.05: Interpreting the gain setting; .....................................................................................................19
5.06: The signal averaging (smoothing); ............................................................................................20
5.07: Setting The Signal Averaging; ..................................................................................................20
5.08: Setting the Alarm Level; ...........................................................................................................21
5.09: The Alarm Disable input; ..........................................................................................................21
SECTION 6.00 - CALIBRATION ........................................................................... 22
6.01: Overview;..................................................................................................................................22
Determining the Scaling Factor;.....................................................................................................22
Calculating the new Gain settings; .................................................................................................22
Example; ........................................................................................................................................23
6.02: Frequency of calibration; ..........................................................................................................23
6.03: Calibration procedure;...............................................................................................................23
6.04: Correct running checks; ............................................................................................................24
In either case, the voltages employed must at all times be treated as lethal and suitable precautions
taken whenever carrying out any form of maintenance or installation, particularly when the cover of
the control unit is removed.
It is possible that the sensors are installed in ducting containing process particulate, which is injurious
to health. This may take one or more of the following forms:
Unless the process conditions are known to be entirely safe, suitable precautions such as the use of
breathing apparatus or duct purging/detoxifying must be employed before any entry is made into the
duct for installation or maintenance purposes. If in doubt, consult the local Safety Officer and/or local
Safety procedures.
• An intrinsically safe SENSOR UNIT (fitted to stack to be monitored, in the hazardous area).
• A CONTROL UNIT (not intrinsically safe, this is mounted in the safe area).
• A BARRIER UNIT (not intrinsically safe at it's inputs, but intrinsically safe at it's outputs, mounted
in the safe area, it prevents the sensor from receiving power levels high enough to cause a safety
hazard). The barrier unit is connected in between the base unit and the sensor.
The Sensor unit has a metal probe rod mounted to a small enclosure containing electronic circuitry.
The sensor is connected to the Barrier unit, (by a cable up to 300m in length), which contains the
power limiting components to achieve Intrinsic Safety. The Barrier unit then connects to the Control
Unit, which contains the user controls and display. The Sensor unit is mounted to the ductwork such
that the metal probe rod protrudes into the flow of the particulate to be monitored.
The DT200i utilises the proven and reliable PCME TriboACE ® technology whereby the
close interaction of particles with the probe rod causes a small electrical charge transfer to occur
between the particulate and the probe rod. It is this small electrical charge, which provides the signal,
which is monitored by the electronics. Provided that the material type remains constant, the signal
generated is proportional to the dust concentration even if an accumulation of dust forms on the sensor
rod. Experience has shown that this method of particulate monitoring will provide accurate results with
minimal maintenance for many years.
The apparatus was certified as intrinsically safe by SIRA Test & Certification Ltd, and they have
provided three certificates, one covering the sensor (the 'apparatus' - certificate number Ex 93C2024X),
one covering the barrier (the 'associated apparatus' - certificate number Ex 93C2025) and one covering the
system as a whole (the 'system' - certificate number Ex 93C2038). Note that the certification number for
the sensor unit carries an 'X' suffix. This means that you must read the details on the certificate before
installation.
These certificates may be found in Appendix B along with any certificates of variation.
SENSOR UNIT
(In hazardous area)
Earth Stud
8
4mm Earth cable
BARRIER UNIT
(In safe area) CONTROL UNIT (In safe area)
D-TECH BARRIER
ALARM
DO NOT INSTALL IN
HAZARDOUS AREA
SYSTEM AUTOTEST
PCME
POLLUTION CONTROL
POWER
Non I.S.
PCME POLLUTION CONTROL
& MEASUREMENT (EUROPE) LTD.
Ground
I.S. 8 200f103.ecw
Ground
3
Mains
In
The DT200i system is connected as shown above (full details of connections are provided in appendix
A). The system has the Control unit and barrier unit mounted in the safe area, and the sensor unit
mounted in the stack within the hazardous area. The 4mm² earth cable between the sensor, barrier and
non-Intrinsically safe ground is not provided by PCME.
1 2 3 4
ALARM
SYSTEM AUTOTEST
POWER
POLLUTION CONTROL
& MEASUREMENT (EUROPE) LTD.
200f105.ecw
During normal operation, only the green power lamp will be lit. When the DT200i is first powered-up,
the yellow system autotest lamp will illuminate for approximately 90 seconds. This is normal operation
as the DT200i performs its self-checks.
The system autotest lamp will illuminate for approximately 30 seconds at hourly intervals as the
DT200i performs its self-checks.
If the alarm threshold is exceeded, the red Alarm lamp will be illuminated.
If there is a probe contamination problem, the red alarm lamp will flash.
The control unit should be mounted in an easily accessible position, away from direct sunlight
and in an area where the ambient temperature does not exceed -25°C to +50°C. Ideally the control unit
will be mounted in a position where the display is clearly visible to the operator, i.e. in the control
room. The enclosure of the control unit is sealed to IP65 and thus the unit may be mounted outside,
preferably in a sheltered position away from the elements. Consideration should be given to the
connection cable between the sensor unit(s) and control unit, and a balance between excessive cable
length and convenient location for the control unit will have to be found. The maximum permissible
length of cable between the control unit and the sensor unit is 300m (20m supplied as standard).
To summarise, the control unit should be mounted:
Once the optimum position for the control unit has been decided, open the lid of the control
unit by undoing the four screws at the front. This will reveal four deeply recessed mounting holes, one
in each corner. The control unit will then be fixed into position by passing a suitable fastener (i.e.
screws) through the mounting hole and into the surface to which the control unit is to be mounted.
WARNING! No means of isolating the unit from the mains supply is provided; thus before
making changes to mains wiring, or replacing the fuse, the unit must be externally isolated
from the mains supply.
To ensure that the mains fuse FS1 appears in the live rather than the neutral side of the
power supply, the mains live and neutral must not be crossed over.
SUPPLY NEUTRAL
SUPPLY EARTH
CAUTION: The voltage selector switch
SUPPLY LIVE
must be set to the appropriate position to
suit the supply. Set the switch before
connecting the supply. 115
230
L N E
The connection from the control unit to the barrier unit (sensor connection) is factory fitted with 2m of
8-core cable terminated with an in-line connector. This should not be tampered with but simply mated
with the correct connector from the barrier unit and securely tightened (see section 3.00).
0-10V GROUND
0-10V OUTPUT
K109
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
200f206
COM
COM
COM
NO
NO
NO
NO
NC
NC
NC
NC
200f207.ecw
3.01: Overview;
The barrier unit must be mounted in the non-hazardous area and typically close to the control unit (2m
of cable supplied as standard). Installation comprises of mounting the barrier unit on the wall (or other
solid surface), and then making the appropriate connections. Each step of this section should be
carefully followed to ensure safe operation.
Because the
sensor electronics are not
isolated from the sensor D-TECH BARRIER
enclosure, a special
earthing arrangement is DO NOT INSTALL IN
required. Referring to the HAZARDOUS AREA
figure to the right, the
barrier unit has two earth
connections - one to the
PCME POLLUTION CONTROL
200F302.ecw
These connections must be made before installing the sensor unit into the stack to be
monitored.
D-TECH BARRIER
DO NOT INSTALL IN
HAZARDOUS AREA
PCME
POLLUTION CONTROL
& MEASUREMENT (EUROPE) LTD.
200f304.ecw
Connect Connect
to DT200 to DT200
Sensor Control
Cable Unit
Connect the 2 metre fly lead from the DT200 to the Barrier Unit input as shown above, taking care to
firmly mate and securely tighten the in-line connectors.
Connect the end of the sensor cable (20 metres as standard) to the Barrier Unit as shown above, again
taking care to firmly mate and securely tighten the in-line connectors.
WARNING: Take care not to connect the barrier unit in reverse as damage may occur!
4.01: Overview;
The sensor unit is mounted in the hazardous area directly into the stack or duct to be
monitored via a 1.5" BSP coupling. Installation comprises of choosing a suitable position for the
sensor, fitting a 1.5" BSP socket in the required position, connecting the cables and finally mounting
the sensor. It is very important that operations are followed in this order because the earth connection
must be made to the sensor before it is mounted to the stack. Always observe the health and safety
regulations pertaining to the site when working in the hazardous area.
• In the longest, straightest, most vertical or horizontal, unrestricted section of ductwork available.
• In metallic ductwork, (for non-metallic ductwork consult PCME).
• Away from ambient or radiated temperatures exceeding 40°C.
Ideally, the sensor unit should be mounted at least 2 duct diameters upstream and not less than
300mm upstream of the sampling ports.
• NOTE: It is not necessary to fit the sensor in the same length of straight as the sampling
ports.
In general, the sampling ports should be mounted in a section of the ductwork where the flow
is fully developed (i.e. reasonably constant and repeatable across the duct). For further details consult
the installation note in the appendices.
NOTE: Ensure adequate access is provided by ladder or staging to both the sensor
unit and the sampling ports.
The diagram below shows the components involved in the sensor unit installation. The
passage below refers to the components in this diagram.
4
5
7
6
1 2 3
• Fitting the Socket: When the optimum position has been decided for the sensor unit, a 1.5”
BSP socket (1) should be fitted to the ductwork (this is not provided by PCME).
• Connecting the Earth: Connect a 4mm² earth cable to the non-IS earth stud (3) using a 5mm
crimp type eyelet. This cable must be connected to the Bartec stud on the Barrier unit and should
have a resistance to earth of less than 1 (one) Ohm. It is essential that this earth remains
connected during fitting or removal of the sensor unit for safety reasons.
• Connecting the signal cable: The sensor unit is factory fitted with an in-line cable plug and fly
lead (8). The signal cable provided by PCME will have a mating in-line cable socket fitted. The
plug and socket should be firmly mated and the connector body must be securely screwed home to
prevent ingress of moisture. Power should always be removed from the control unit before
connecting/disconnecting the sensor.
• Mounting the sensor: The sensor unit is then inserted into the socket on the duct and the
floating nut (2) on the sensor body is slid along to mate with the thread in the socket (1). Be
careful to ensure that the probe rod (6) does not touch the opposite side of the duct (the probe rod
should usually span about half the width of the duct). The locknut (7) must then be tightened
against the floating nut using an adjustable spanner to lock the sensor firmly in position. For
optimum heat dissipation, the sensor unit should be mounted such that the heat sinking fins on
each side of the enclosure are vertical. Do not try to rotate the sensor unit by grasping the
enclosure after the locknut has been tightened because damage to the environmental seal may
occur. If the sensor must be rotated, first loosen the locknut, then rotate the sensor unit to the
required position and finally re-tighten the locknut.
The cable should be fixed such that it is free from excessive vibration and such that it is not
under strain. They should be secured in accordance with good engineering practice (using cable trays
where possible), and careful consideration should be given to positioning of the cable such that it is not
easily damaged. The cable(s) should be routed to avoid sources of large electromagnetic fields. Care
taken during the installation of the cable will give a long and maintenance-free life and will avoid
possible future damage to the control and sensor units.
To summarise, the cable should be installed such that;
An optional air purge may be fitted to the sensor unit to prevent bridging in damp or
conductive particulate applications. This will be supplied correctly fitted to the sensor, and is mounted
with the sensor as a complete unit. The air purge requires a supply of oil-free instrument quality air at
up to 1 CFM and a pressure of at least 4 bar g. Air connection to the air purge is by a ¼” BSP fitting.
The pressure regulator fitted to the air purge should be adjusted to give a positive displacement of air
from the purge outlet. (It is best to adjust the airflow before fitting the sensor to the ductwork).
WARNING: NEVER operate the sensor without the barrier unit connected, this will result
in permanent damage to the sensor unit and may potentially cause an explosion.
Following installation and prior to use, the DT200i must be set up to suit the process to be monitored. The
aim of setting up the DT200i is as follows:
• To set the gain so as to obtain a suitably scaled analogue output i.e. one large enough to provide
reasonable display resolution whilst ensuring that overload does not occur.
• To set the system response time to suit the application.
• To configure the alarms as required.
*1 1 2 3 4
*10 MIN MAX
*100
4
3
2
1
*1000
ALARM MODE
SETUP RUN
When used for dust measurement, the DT200i gain should be adjusted so that the highest dust levels will
not overload the instrument otherwise information will be lost causing the emissions to appear lower than
they really are. The highest dust levels with bag filters are typically encountered when the filter bags are
pulsed e.g. during cleaning cycles. With other systems, start-up may typically generate more dust than
seen in normal operation.
Some systems generate far greater variations in dust than others. Paradoxically, the more efficient the
collector, the larger the variations may be; thus for example a highly efficient bag filter may have a dust
level of 1000mg/m³ going into it, but only 1mg/m³ coming out, but when pulsed to clean the bags, short
term high level dust pulses of 1000mg/m³ or more may be seen - this represents pulse dust levels of 1000
times the normal background level. Conversely a system using a cyclone with a fairly constant dust
loading on the input, will see much smaller variations on the output.
The DT200i gain is adjustable over a 10000:1 range to accommodate a wide range of flow rates. The gain
is set by means of a four-position 'coarse gain' switch (S101), and by a variable 'fine gain' control (V102).
The gain for each setting of the 'coarse gain' (S101) is shown in the table below.
NOTE: When changing the 'coarse gain', the SYSTEM AUTOTEST lamp (the yellow LED
on front panel) will illuminate briefly; wait until it goes off again before proceeding.
The 'fine gain' adjustment covers a 10:1 range and is effected by finger-adjust control V102 (fully
clockwise gives maximum gain). It is possible to view the 'fine gain' setting on the digital display by
moving the 'fine gain mode' switch (S102) from the 'RUN' position to the 'SETUP' position. Display will
show a range of 10 to 100 corresponding to a 'fine gain' setting of 1 to 10. Due to the scaling and resolution
of the digital display, it will always show 'fine gain' value that is ten times higher than the 'true' setting. For
example, a displayed reading of 50 corresponds to a 'fine gain' setting of 5.
CAUTION! Having checked/changed the fine gain, do not forget to switch S102 back to the
RUN position.
The aim of adjusting the gain is to obtain an average reading on the digital display of around 10% to 20%
of full scale (this may fluctuate with variations in the process). Start with the 'fine gain' set to minimum and
use the 'coarse gain' switch to obtain a displayed reading of about 5%. Now increase the 'fine gain' control
to provide dust readings of about 15%. If necessary, increase the signal averaging (smoothing) by moving
switch S103 towards position 4 to provide a more stable signal. (You will have to wait longer to see the
effects of gain changes if you use more filtering). Adopting this approach will mean that the fine gain is
towards the middle of its range thus making calibration easier at a later stage.
Having set the gain to a satisfactory value set the signal-averaging (smoothing) switch (S103) to position 4
(maximum) to reduce the random variations in the signal.
IMPORTANT! Ensure that the maximum displayed value does not exceed 30%
If monitoring a system prone to large variations in dust level (e.g. a bag filter system employing reverse jet
air pulsing), attempt to establish the conditions under which maximum dust is generated, and if possible
operate the plant under these conditions, while setting the gain. The gain may be adjusted using the coarse
(S101) and fine (V102) controls. If a Data logger or Chart Recorder is in use, it is best to leave the unit
running for two or three days, then look at the data to date and review and if necessary adjust the gain
setting in the light of the results obtained.
If you wish, you can now start to collect data (via the data logger or chart recorder) concerning the plant
operation. Once you have started to acquire data, do not make further adjustments to the gain unless a
careful record is kept of the gain settings (before and after) and the time at which adjustments were made
since any adjustment of gain will alter the scaling (and alter the isokinetic calibration if this has been done).
If using a chart recorder, note the gain values on the chart.
The DT200i overall gain setting may be interpreted by multiplying the coarse gain and fine gain settings
together. Remember that the displayed fine gain is ten times higher than the true setting.
For example, to set the overall gain to 47.5, set the coarse gain to 10 and the fine gain to 4.75 i.e. set S101
to position 3 and V102 for a reading of 47.5 on the digital display.
It will be necessary to note the overall gain setting used when performing an isokinetic sample prior to
calibration.
NOTE! If you check the fine gain setting whilst logging data, the fine gain setting will appear
as part of the logged data and will be indistinguishable from emissions data.
CAUTION! Having checked/changed the fine gain, do not forget to switch S102 back to the
RUN position.
Materials virtually never flow with uniform flow rate, there is always significant fluctuation either side of
the mean level, and so a Signal Averaging facility is provided to reduce these fluctuations. You can adjust
the time-constant of the Signal Averaging - longer time constants provide a better average value, but at the
expense of smoothing out short time duration pulses. If the time-constant is reduced, the instrument will
respond more rapidly to variations in the flow rate, but with a corresponding increase in random variations.
If you use the signal averaging to suppress the variations, then the variation seen on the DT200i output
meter and on the 0-10V and 4-20mA outputs will be reduced when the averaging is increased. If the
DT200i output is feeding into a data logger system, it may be advantageous to use the averaging within the
data logger since much longer time-constants may be employed (a commonly used time-constant is 8
hours).
Definition of Time-constant
When the input changes from one value to another, the TIME-CONSTANT is the time taken for the output
to change by 63% of the increment. Thus with the DT200i Signal Averaging time set to maximum (5
minutes), if there is a step-change in dust level from 0 to 100%, the DT200i front panel meter will
eventually change from 0 to 100% but will have reached 63% after 5 minutes.
It is suggested that a short time-constant is used when setting up the gain, and the maximum time-constant
be used in normal operation, since only the average value of emission is required. Averaging
time-constants between 2 seconds and 5 minutes may be set via the 'smoothing' switch S103.
S103 Time
Position Constant
1 2 Sec
2 10 Sec
3 100 Sec
4 5 Min
Set S103 to provide a stable signal or to follow the fluctuations in process as required.
The DT200i has an adjustable alarm level setting with switchable logic to allow the alarm to be triggered
above the threshold or below the threshold.
The alarm logic will be set to the 'Higher' position for normal dust emission monitoring applications, i.e. the
alarm is triggered when the dust level is higher than the alarm level.
The alarm logic will be set to the 'Lower' position for process control or flow monitoring applications, i.e.
the alarm is triggered when the dust level falls lower than the alarm level.
The actual alarm level setting may be viewed on the digital display by setting the 'Alarm mode' switch
S104 to the 'SETUP' position. The alarm level is set by adjusting the 'adjust alarm level' control (V112). To
set the alarm level, use the following steps:
• Set the alarm logic switch (S105) to 'Higher' for emissions monitoring or 'Lower' for flow detection as
required.
• Set the 'alarm mode' switch (S104) to the 'setup' position (to the left).
• Rotate the 'adjust alarm level' control while viewing the digital display.
• If the instrument is calibrated in mg/m³, the alarm setting will be in mg/m³ and will usually be dictated
by the local authority.
• If the instrument is not calibrated, set the alarm level to be a factor higher than the 'normal' reading (for
example, if the DT200i normally reads 15%, setting the alarm level to 60% will cause an alarm if the
emissions exceed four times their normal level).
• When complete, return the 'alarm mode' switch to the 'run' position.
When the alarm is activated, the emission alarm relay is triggered and the red ALARM lamp will illuminate
on the front panel of the DT200i.
An alarm disable input is provided; if pins 6 and 7 of connector K109 are connected together, the alarm
relay is disabled (the alarm LED on the front panel will however still be operational - only the relay is
disabled).
This allows the disabling of the alarm during specific periods when it may be known that the signal is not
valid - for example during periods of routine maintenance. The alarm should remain disabled for at least 1
minute following normal resumption of operation.
The DT200i can be calibrated in mg/m³ in certain applications by correlating the response of the
instrument to the results of a gravimetric analysis for a single stack test.
The calibration procedure is carried out to calculate a scaling factor and hence determine new Gain
settings . These new gain settings are used to adjust the DT200i coarse gain and fine gain to provide a
display of the true dust concentration value directly in mg/m³. The use of a simple scaling factor is
possible since the response of the instrument is directly proportional to the dust concentration over a
predefined range.
The scaling factor is determined by dividing the average dust concentration (as determined by the
isokinetic test) by the average instrument response during the test.
Instrument average Y
X
Scaling factor =
Y
Where Y is the average instrument
response during the isokinetic test.
The new Gain settings to be set on the DT200i are calculated as follows:
Thus it is necessary to note the coarse gain and fine gain settings of the DT200I during the isokinetic
test in order for the new gain settings to be calculated.
Re-calibration is necessary on at least an annual basis and should be carried out either by PCME or an
organisation capable of performing isokinetic sampling to BS3405 and having familiarity with the set
up and operation of the DT200i.
The DT200i is calibrated for a specific set of process conditions. Provided these do not vary
significantly the calibration will be maintained. It should be noted, however, that wide variations in
certain process parameters such as particulate material and particle size usually affect calibration. Any
significant change in these conditions may necessitate a re-calibration between the scheduled annual
calibrations. A re-calibration between the normal annual re-calibrations may also be necessary if
required by environmental legislation. If in doubt, consult PCME.
Each of the following steps must be carried out in the order given to guarantee a valid calibration:
The DT200i system (i.e. sensor, barrier unit and control unit) must be fully operational before any
calibration is carried out. As the DT200i is equipped with automatic probe contamination checking,
any problems will result in the initiation of alarms in the control unit.
• Remove the sensor (if safe to do so), clean the rod with fine grade wire wool and securely re-fit to
the ductwork (this is not necessary if the instrument is being calibrated for the first time).
• Re-apply power and ensure that the 'system autotest' lamp extinguishes after approximately 90
seconds.
Perform the following recording checks (these may be ignored if the instrument is being calibrated for
the first time):
• Ensure that the recording device used is correctly set-up and scaled.
• Check that the existing date and time of the recording device are correct, correct the date and time
if necessary.
• Where possible, review the previously recorded data to ensure that it appears to be correct in
relation to known plant activity.
Ensure that the DT200i is calibrated under normal and representative process operating conditions.
This is important for the following reasons:
• Calibration is most accurate around the dust levels close to where the calibration is carried out.
Interpolation errors arise if the DT200i is operated at levels widely different from those pertaining
at the time of calibration.
• The instrument is sensitive to different types of dust and particle size. It is important, therefore that
the calibration be made with a representative type of particulate.
• Consult with the plant operator to establish that the conditions pertaining are representative. If it is
a batch or cyclical process, ensure that the sampling is carried out at an appropriate point in the
batch or cycle.
Isokinetic sampling must be carried out according to a recognised national standard. It is essential that
the position at which sampling is to be taken is downstream of the DT200i probe (i.e. towards the flue
exit) so that the measurement being made by the DT200i is not interfered with by movement of the
sampling equipment.
It is essential to note the exact time when each sampling run starts and stops. This is the time when a
sample is being drawn from the stack (not when the velocity profiles take place). As the instrument
response is being correlated to a known dust concentration, it is critical to know exactly when the
sample is being drawn from the stack. A discrete run is the period of continued use of a sampling filter
or pot (i.e. a new filter pot constitutes a new run).
Because the isokinetic test only determines an average dust concentration figure, the average response
of the instrument during the test must be used. The instrument average may be determined by one of
two methods.
Record readings manually from the digital display at regular intervals (typically 30 seconds). Use these
values to calculate a mean instrument reading for the sampling period.
It is possible to connect a recording device (e.g. data logger) to either the 4-20mA output or the 0-10V
output. This will facilitate the acquisition of data for the sampling period and simplify the calibration
process. This is the recommended method of obtaining the instrument average.
In cases where several periods were used to perform isokinetic sampling, the time weighted averages of
the instrument response Y, and sampling results X, should be calculated as follows:
Notes:
Calibration of the DT200i is valid for a set of instrument settings. It is, therefore, important to note the
following settings, since these must be reported on any calibration certificate:
• Coarse gain.
• Fine gain.
• Signal averaging
• Decimal point position (see section 6.13).
The Scaling factor can be simply calculated from the time weighted isokinetic result (X) and the time
weighted average instrument response (Y) using the following formula:
X
Scaling factor =
Y
The new gain can be calculated by using the Scaling factor and the old gain (i.e. the gain that was in
use during the isokinetic test).
Having calculated the new gain, it is necessary to ensure that the digital display is set up to display the
required full scale. The display is factory set to display 0% to 99.9%. This will be of little use if you
wish to display 125mg/m³. The decimal point position may be moved on the digital display by means
of a set of jumper links within the control unit. Using these links, it is possible to scale the display to
read as required at the optimum resolution. Referring to the figure and table below, the jumper links
have the following effect on the digital display.
K105
(Decimal
Point
Control)
C D
200f613
K105 comprises of three banks of jumper links, each with three positions (see above). The links should
be set in the positions as shown above to provide the correct display scaling according to the table
below.
If, during the calibration process, it is necessary to adjust the decimal point position, then the calculated
gain will need to be adjusted accordingly.
Example 1:
Hence the DP remains the same, and the fine gain is adjusted to 2.00.
Example 2:
In this case, the required reading is above the maximum full scale of the display, hence the decimal
point must be changed to scale the display from 0 - 999 (K105 jumpers position D). This action has
increased the displayed reading by a factor of ten; hence the overall gain must be decreased by a factor
of ten to maintain calibration.
To achieve this calibration, move the jumpers on K105 to position D, keep the coarse gain on position
3 (*100) but set the fine gain to 1.86 thus giving an overall gain ten times lower than that calculated.
Example 3:
In this case, it may be desirable to change the display to read 0 - 9.99 thus giving better resolution to
the readings. This action will decrease the displayed reading by a factor of ten, hence the calculated
gain must be increased by a factor of ten to compensate.
To achieve this calibration, move the jumpers on K105 to position B, move the coarse gain from
position 1 to position 2 and set the fine gain to 4.38 thus giving an overall gain ten times higher than
that calculated.
Using a combination of the coarse gain and fine gain controls, set the DT200i overall gain to the
calculated value. Remember to adjust the decimal point if required and compensate for this adjustment
in the gain calculation. Remember that the fine gain displayed is ten times higher than the true value.
Ensure that all switches are set back to the RUN positions and that the signal averaging is set
appropriately (see section 5.00).
CAUTION! Before performing any operations involving removal of the DT200i sensor, first ensure
that it is safe to do so.
The nature of many processes is such that a large build up of particulate may develop on the sensor
rod. This build up will normally have no effect whatsoever on the performance of the instrument but it
is recommended that the build up be periodically removed. If the probe rod should require cleaning,
this may be performed by removing the sensor from the duct and thoroughly cleaning the entire rod,
paying particular attention to the area near bottom end of the PTFE coating. The cleaning may be
performed using wire wool, or for sticky or stubborn deposits, a cleaning agent such as natural blue has
been found to be extremely effective. Always ensure that the probe rod is thoroughly dried before re-
fitting to the ductwork.
The following maintenance programme will ensure that the DT200i remains reliable
throughout its life. The frequency of the maintenance programme is dependent upon the type of
environment in which the instrument is to be used. It is recommended that the programme be followed
1 month after installation, then after 3, 6 or 12 monthly intervals as deemed necessary.
The DT200i operates by measuring a small current and therefore it is necessary to ensure that the probe is
electrically isolated from its surroundings so that the measurement current is not for example shunted into
the duct. A PTFE insulator (in the standard-temperature sensor) is incorporated into the probe to prevent
errors in the current, but if the insulator is bridged by conducting materials (such as water), errors will
occur.
The DT200i is able to detect this situation and trigger an alarm (by activating the 'probe short-circuit'
relay). When the probe short-circuit relay activates, the SYSTEM AUTOTEST LED will illuminate
permanently, and the ALARM LED will flash continuously at approximately 5Hz. To clear the problem,
clean the insulator carefully. If the problem is caused by water and you do not have an air-purge probe,
consult PCME Ltd. for advice. If you have an air-purge probe, ensure that the air supply is connected and
operational and that the supplied air is clean (preferably instrument air). If the purge air is wet or contains
oil mist (this is typically the case for standard industrial compressed air), a modified version of the
air-purge probe may be required to prevent the purge air from causing error signals or probe short-circuits.
An effective airline filter should also be used if the air is not clean. The filter element should be replaced
every six months. Consult PCME Ltd. for details.
The following guidelines may be of assistance should problems occur with the DT200i system
DT200i gives spurious readings during periods of Check that rain is not falling directly onto probe. If
high rainfall. it is, you may need to alter the duct to prevent it.
Page 32
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
AUXILIARY FAULT EMISSION MAINS
TO SENSOR INPUTS/OUTPUTS RELAY RELAY SUPPLY
8
7
6
5
4
3
NC
NC
NC
NC
NO
NO
NO
NO
COM
COM
COM
COM
2
SUPPLY LIVE
SUPPLY EARTH
VOLTAGE SELECTOR
SUPPLY NEUTRAL
RED
BLUE
WHITE
GREEN
BROWN
YELLOW
EXT ALARM
7
0-10V OUTPUT
E
0-10V GROUND
ALARM INHIBIT
ALARM INHIBIT
4-20mA OUTPUT
230
4-20mA GROUND
NOTE:
Relays are shown
in non-energised
(normal) state.
4 3 2 1
SETUP RUN
Page 33
2
1 10
V
V
V
V
3
Page 34
HAZARDOUS AREA NON-HAZARDOUS AREA
V V
V V
V V
V
V
V V
V
V
V
V
V
D-TECH BARRIER UNIT
BASE UNIT
VIEWED FROM THE TOP
V V
V V
V V
V V V
V
V
V
V
V V
V
V
V
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 4
+++++++
V V V
V V V
V
V
4
1
V
V
7
N/C
V V
V V
N/C N/C N/C
6
V
V
5
2
4
3
2 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
1
BRN RED WHT YEL GRN BLU BLK / /
VLT 4
SCR 1
u 2
<1 OHM
O
4mm 2CABLE
3
I.S GROUND
)
G CAPACITANCE VALUES CHANGED 16.7 WAS 18.8; 5.0 WAS 7.0; 0.32 WAS 2.35 28.5.96
NON I.S GROUND
F REDRAWN TO REFLECT NEW SENSOR DESIGN 17.5.96
E CABLE PARAMETERS ADDED 17.5.93 A/R 8 WAY SCREENED CABLE ( REFER TO TABLE 1 ) TYP. ALCATEL LM 5413
EARTHING STUD ASSEMBLY BARTEC ES 0001
D CONNECTORS MODIFIED 15.4.93
CABLE GLAND PG 9
C CASING EARTH ADDED ) BUCCANEER 9 WAY CABLE SOCKET ( BULGIN ) 6 PX 0728/5
TABLE 1 GROUP 'F' PARAMETERS
( PX 0729/P
B HAZARDOUS AREA NOTE ADDED 11.3.93 GROUP CAPACITANCE F( ) INDUCTANCE ( mH ) L/R RATIO H/ BUCCANEER 9 WAY IN LINE PLUG ( BULGIN )
II A 16.7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8 WAY SCREENED CABLE TYP. ALCATEL LM 5413
1.52 218.4 2 4 3 2A/R
A PRODUCTION ISSUE 4.3.93 ( 3
II B 5.0 0.57 81.9 ITEM QTY DESCRIPTION REFERENCE
MODIFICATION II C 0.32 0.19 27.3 PARTS LIST
ISSUE DATE
TITLE DRAWN SCALE ISSUE DIMENSIONS DATE
PCME Ltd. C 1996 in 2
CLEARVIEW BUILDING VFT NTS G mm 17.5.96
E F G EDISON ROAD
INTRINSIC SAFETY SYSTEM
ST.IVES INTERCONNECTION DRAWING 4
DRAWING No.
POLLUTION CONTROL & MEASUREMENT (EUROPE) Ltd. CAMBS PE17 4GH 10083
10