SENSIBLE HEAT AND LATENT HEAT

SENSIBLE HEAT
- is the heat needed to change the temperature of the
body without changing its phase

QS = mC∆ T
Where:
Qs = sensible heat
m = mass
∆T = change in temperature
C = specific heat

C of water = 1.0 cal/g℃ = 1.0 BTU/lb℉ = 4.186 kJ/kg K

LATENT HEAT
- is the heat needed to change the phase of the body
without changing its temperature
Latent Heat of Fusion – solid to liquid
Latent Heat of Vaporization – liquid to gas
 QL = ± mL
Where:
QL = heat needed
M = mass
L = latent heat (fusion/vaporization)
(+) = heat entering; substance melts
(-) = heat leaving; substance freezes

Note:
Latent heat of fusion for ice (Lf)
= 144 BTU/lb = 334 kJ/kg = 80 cal/g

Latent heat of vaporization of boiling water

= 970 BTU/lb = 2257 kJ/kg = 540 cal/g

INTERNAL ENERGY, ENTHALPY, ENTROPY

 AND WORK (Steady Flow and Non – Flow)

Internal Energy
- energy stored within the body/system
∆ U =± Q± W

Enthalpy
- is the heat energy transferred to a substance at a
constant pressure process

Entropy
- measure of randomness of molecules of a substance

T2
∆ U =mC v ∆ T ∆ H =mC p ∆ T ∆ S=mCln
T1

Where:
∆ U =change ∈internal energy m = mass
∆ H =change∈Enthalpy C = specific heat
∆ S=change∈Entropy

∆ T =change∈Temperature

NON – FLOW WORK AND STEADY FLOW WORK

Non – flow work
 2
W n =∫ PdV =P(V 2−V 1 )
1

Steady flow work

2
W s=−∫ VdP=−V ( P2 −P 1) =V ( P1−P2 )
1

Assignment: A4, Handwritten

Define/Describe the different Thermodynamic Processes
(Isometric, Isobaric, Isothermal, Isentropic, Polytropic)
For each process, show/illustrate the following:
a. P, V, and T relations
b. PV and TS diagram
c. Nonflow work
d. Steady flow work
e. Change in Internal Energy
f. Change in Enthalpy
g. Heat Transferred
h. Change in Entropy