; ti it 3 Onnctive Marextan, Reguirep To verify the algebraic identity : Drawing sheet, cardboard, cello- (a+ by =a? + 2ab +B tape, coloured papers, cutter and Menon ov Consrrucrion 1. Cut out a square of side length a units from a drawing sheeUcardboard and name it as square ABCD [see Fig. 1]. 2. Cut out another square of length b units from a drawing sheeVcardboard and name it as square CHGF [see Fig, 2]. c | 4 ! | a A = i || Fig. 1 Fig. 2 3, Cut out a-rectangle of length a units and breadth b units from a drawing sheel/cardbaord and name it as a rectangle DCFE [see Fig. 3). 4. Cut out another rectangle of length b units and breadth a units from a drawing sheet/eardboard and name it as a rectangle BIHC [see Fig. 4]. inion aa G | 4] - ic H . 1 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 . Total area of these four cut-out figures = Area of square ABCD + Area of square CHGF + Area of rectangle DCFE + Area of rectangle BIHC =a) +b + ab + ba =a + b + dab, . Join the four quadrilaterals using cello-tape as shown in Fig. 5.Clearly, AIGE is a square of side (a + b). Therefore, its area is (a + 6)*. The combined area of the constituent units = a? + 6° + ab + ab = a* + P + 2ab. Hence, the algebraic identity (@ + bY = a* + 2ab + b* Here, area is in square units. OBSERVATION On actual measurement: Therefore, (a+b)? = a + 2ab +B . ‘The identity may be verified by taking different values of a and b. APPLICATION ‘The identity may be used for 1. calculating the square of a number expressed as the sum of two: convenient numbers, 2. simplifications/factorisation of some algebraic expressions. |afctluind Ongeerive MareriaL Requmen ‘To verify the algebraic identity : Drawing sheets, cardboard, = : coloured papers, scissors, ruler and (a— bY =a? —2ab +B ive. Merron or Construction 1. Cutout a square ABCD of side a units from a drawing sheet/cardboard [see Fig. 1). 2. Cutout a square EBHI of side units ( Ny Fig. 1 Fig. 4 —— Pig. 3 Laboratory Manual seo5, Arrange these cut outs as shown in Fig. 5. Demonstration According to figure 1, 2, 3, and 4, Area of square ABCD = a’, Area of square EBHI = * Area of rectangle GDCJ = ab, Area of rectangle IFJH = ab From Fig. 5, area of square AGFE = AG x GF =(a—b)(a—b) = (aby Now, area of square AGFE = Area of square ABCD + Area of square EBHI — Area of rectangle IFJH — Area of rectangle GDC) =a? +b - ab—ab =a -ab+h Here, area is in square units, OnsERVATION On actual measurement: as. So, a= AD = secvseseieeny Zab . ‘Therefore, (a by = a’ — 2ab + b* APPLICATION ‘The identity may be used for 1, calculating the square of a number expressed as a difference of two convenient numbers. 2. simplifying/factorisation of some algebraic expressions. ‘Mautuerate a sanaSctivity 17 Onsectrve Materiat Requirep To verify experimentally that the sum Cardboard, white paper, coloured of the angles of a quadrilateral drawing sheet, cutter, adhesive, geometry box, sketch pens, tracing paper. MEtuop or Construction 1, Take a rectangular cardboard piece of a convenient size and paste a white paper on it. . Cut out a quadrilateral ABCD from a drawing sheet and paste it on the cardboard [see Fig. 1], wv 3, Make cut-outs of all the four angles of the quadrilateral with the help of a tracing paper [see Fig. 2] Fig. 1 iE Laboratory ManualFig. 2 4, Arrange the four cut-out angles at a point O as shown in Fig. 3. DEMONSTRATION 1, The vertex of each cut-out angle coincides at the point O. v . Such arrangement of cut-outs shows thatthe sum of the angles of a quadrilateral forms a complete angle and hence is equal to 360°. OnseRvatton Measure of ZA = Measure of 2B =—~ Measure of 2D = Measure of 2C = s Sum | ZA+ ZB+ ZC+ ZD] = APPLICATION This property can be used in solving problems relating to special types of quadrilaterals, such as trapeziums, parallelograms, thombuses, etc.cli 22 Onecrive Materiat. Require ‘To verify that the angle subtended by an Cardboard, coloured drawing are of a circle at the centre is double the — sheets, scissors, sketch pens, angle subtended by it at any point onthe adhesive, geometry box, transparent remaining part of the circle. sheet. Merion or Construction 1, Take a rectangular cardboard of a convenient size and paste a white paper on it, . Cut out a circle of suitable radius on a coloured drawing sheet and paste on the cardboard, 3, Tuke two points B and C on the circle to obtain the are BC [see Fig. 1]. 4, Join the points B and C to the centre O to obtain an angle subtended by the are BC at the centre O, n 5, Take any point A on the remaining part of Oo the circle. Join it to Band C to get ZBAC subtended by the are BC on any point A on the remaining part of the circle [see Fig. 1]. ‘ 6. Make a cut-out of ZBOC and two cut- A outs of angle BAC, using transparent sheet /N\ [see Fig. 2}. Fig. 2 Mahewates eoAO) cca) Fig. 3 Demonstration Place the two cut-outs of ZBAC on the cut-out of angle BOC, adjacent to each as shown in the Fig. 3, Clearly, 2 Z2BAC = ZBOC, i.c., the angle subtended by an arc at the centre is double the angle subtended by it at any point on the remaining part of the circle. OnsrRvation Measure of ZBOC =.,, Measure of ZBAC = Therefore, ZBOC =2 APPLICATION ‘This property is used in proving many other important results such as angles in the same segment of a circle are equal, opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary, etc. = Laboratory Manual outs