Salam

Good Morning student, How are u today?

I hope all of you are well and stay exited for today

Before we start class, it would be nice if we pray first…

Pray begin

You can absent in googleclassrom

So, I will explain to you guys about thermodynamics

Okey guys, you can look at the pictures in slide,

Pertama
Internal energy increases with rising temperature and with changes of state or phase from solid to
liquid and liquid to gas. Planetary bodies can be thought of as combinations of heat reservoirs and
heat engines. The heat reservoirs store internal energy E, and the heat engines convert some of this
thermal energy into various types of mechanical, electrical and chemical energies.
Internal energy is a state function of a system and is an extensive quantity. One can have a
corresponding intensive thermodynamic property called specific internal energy, commonly
symbolized by the lowercase letter u, which is internal energy per mass of the substance in question.
As such the SI unit of specific internal energy would be the J/g. If the internal energy is expressed on
an amount of substance basis then it could be referred to as molar internal energy and the unit
would be the J/mol.

Slide 2
If an energy exchange occurs because of temperature difference between a system and its
surroundings, this energy appears as heat otherwise it appears as work. When a force acts on a
system through a distance the energy is transferred as work. The above equation shows that energy
is conserved.

Slide 3
Every substance possesses a fixed quantity of energy which depends upon its chemical nature and
its state of existence. This is known as intrinsic energy. Every substance has a definite value of
internal energy and is equal to the energies possessed by all its constituents namely atoms, ions or
molecules.

Slide 5
The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy of a system ΔU, U equals the
net heat transfer into the system Q, plus the net work done on the system W
Here ΔU, U is the change in internal energy Uof the system. Q is the net heat transferred into the system
—that is, Q is the sum of all heat transfer into and out of the system. Wis the net work done on the
system.
So positive heat Qadds energy to the system and positive work WWW adds energy to the system. This is
why the first law takes the form it does, ΔU=Q+W, U, equals, Q, plus, W. It simply says that you can add
to the internal energy by heating a system, or doing work on the system.

Slide akhir
okay, let's see here if we increase the temperature in this closed tube, the molecules inside it will fly
very fast because there is heating in this closed tube, but if we cool it again then the molecules in the
tube will move slower.
In this system, for example, when we heat water, we give heat to the system (water). The heat received
by the water is given a positive sign. When we cool the hot water, the heat is absorbed by the air around
the hot water, or the heat leaves the system (hot water), so the heat is given a negative sign.