Strings

Anything enclosed in double quotes is called a String.

String functions
1) length()- It is used to find the total no: of characters that is present in a string.
Eg:- String s=”Hello”;
s.length=5; Return Type:-int
2) capacity()- it determines the total number of characters that can be accommodated
in a string.
3) charAt()- It return the character at a specified index eg: s.charAt(1)=’e’ Return
Type=char.
4) indexOf()- It will return the index of the first occurrence of a character in a string.
Eg: s. index(‘l’)= 2 Return Type:-int
5) lastIndexOf()- It will return the index of last occurrence of a character in a string.
Eg:-s.lastIndex(‘l’)=3 Return Type:-int
6) toLowerCase()- It will convert the string to lower case. Eg: s.toLowerCase()=”hello”
Return Type:-String
7) toUpperCase()-It will convert the string to uppercase eg:-s.toUpperCase()=”HELLO”
Return Type:-String
8) startsWith()- It is used to check whether a string starts with a particular prefix. Eg:
s.startsWith(‘H’)=true Return Type:-boolean
9) endsWith()-It is used to check whether a string ends with a particular suffix Eg:
s.endsWith(‘o’)=true Return Type:-boolean
10) replace()- It is used to replace an old character with a new character eg:-
s.replace(‘e’,’a’)=Hallo
11) trim()- It is used to remove whitespaces from both ends of a string.
12) valueOf()- It is used to get the string representation of a number. Eg: int n=12;
n.valueOf()=”12” Return Type:-String.
13) toString()-Returns the string itself. It is used instead of System.out.println()
eg: s.toString()=Hello Return Type:-String.
14) concat()- It is used to concatenate(join) two strings. Eg:-String s1=”Good”; String
s2=”Morning” s1.concat(s2)=”GoodMorning” or s1+s2=”GoodMorning”
ReturnType=String
15) compareTo()- It is used to compare two strings lexicographically. (According to
alphabetical order/According to the words in the dictionary)
Eg:1) String s1=”Delhi”;
String s2=”Mumbai”;
2)s1.compareTo(s2)=-9( a negative value if first string is less than the second string).
s2.compareTo(s1)=+9(a positive value if first string is greater than the second string).
3)String s1=”Sarvodaya”;
String s2=”Sarvodaya”;
s1.compareTo(s2)=0(if both strings are equal)
16) equals()- It is used to check whether two strings are equal or not considering the
case.
Eg:- String s1=”Sarvodaya”;
 String s2=”Sarvodaya”;
s1.equals(s2)=true Return Type=boolean
17) equalsIgnoreCase()-It is used to check whether two strings are equal or not ignoring
the case.
Eg:- String s1=”Sarvodaya”;
String s2=”SARVODAYA”;
s1.equalsIgnoreCase(s2)=true Return Type=Boolean
18) substring()-It is used to extract certain characters from a string.
Eg: s.substring(0,2)=He
s.substring(1,2)=e

Question 1
Write a program to enter a string and print the number of occurrences of each
vowel in the string.
import java.util.*;
public class Q1
{
public static void main()
{
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
String s;
System.out.println("Enter the string");
s=sc.nextLine();
int a=0,e=0,i=0,o=0,u=0;
char ch;
int l=s.length();
s=s.toUpperCase();
int j;
for(j=0;j<l;j++)
{
ch=s.charAt(j);
if(ch=='A')
 a++;
if(ch=='E')
e++;
if(ch=='I')
i++;
if(ch=='O')
o++;
if(ch=='U')
u++;
}
System.out.println("The number of a's="+a);
System.out.println("The number of e's="+e);
System.out.println("The number of i's="+i);
System.out.println("The number of o's="+o);
System.out.println("The number of u's="+u);

}
}
Sample output
Enter the string
apple a day keeps the doctor away
The number of a's=5
The number of e's=4
The number of i's=0
The number of o's=2
The number of u's=0
HW
Question 2
Write a program to find the total number of vowels in a string.
public class VowelCount
{
public static void main()
{
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
String s;
System.out.println("Enter the string");
s=sc.nextLine();
int v=0;
char ch;
int l=s.length();
s=s.toUpperCase();
int j;
for(j=0;j<l;j++)
{
ch=s.charAt(j);
if(ch=='A'||ch=='E'||ch=='I'||ch=='O'||ch=='U')
v++;
}
System.out.println("The no of vowels="+v);
}
}
Question 3
Write a program to input five names in an array and display the names begin
with a vowel?
import java.util.*;
public class strin1
{
public static void main()
{
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
String a[]=new String[5];
int j;
char c;
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
{
System.out.println("Enter String"+(j+1)+": ");
a[j]=sc.nextLine();
}

for(j=0;j<5;j++)
{
c=a[j].charAt(0);
if (c=='A'||c=='a'||c=='E'||c=='e'||c=='O'||c=='o'||c=='I'||
c=='i'||c=='U'||c=='u')
System.out.println("The first char in String"+(j+1)+" is vowel:"+a[j]);
}
}
}

Question 4
Write a program to enter a string and find the total number of characters in a string and also
reverse the string?

import java.util.*;
public class Reverse
{
public static void main()
{
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
String s;
System.out.println("Enter the string");
 s=sc.nextLine();
int l=s.length();
int i;
char c;
String rev=" ";
for(i=l-1;i>=0;i--)
{
c=s.charAt(i);
rev=rev+c;
}
System.out.println("No of characters="+l);
System.out.println("The reversed string="+rev);
}
}

HW
Question 5
Write a program to check whether a string is palindrome or not.

import java.util.*;
public class striPali
{
public static void main()
{
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
 String s;
System.out.println("Enter the string");
s=sc.nextLine();
int l=s.length();
int i;
char c;
String rev=" ";
for(i=l-1;i>=0;i--)
{
c=s.charAt(i);
rev=rev+c;
}
if(rev.compareTo(s)==0)
System.out.println("The given string is a Palindrome");
else
System.out.println("The given string is not a Palindrome");
}
}

Chinni. R. Pillai
Computer Department
Mob:9620184111