Group Theory Name

MAP351 Sheet 3 Number

Hand in by Mar 17th Year

Mark: /10
date marked: / /2010

Please attach your working, with this sheet at the front.

1. List the subgroups of A4 = {σ ∈ S4 : σ even}, and say which are normal.

[3 Marks]

2. (i) Let G = Z3 be a free abelian group generated by u1 , u2 , and u3 . Let

a subgroup H of G be generated by u1 + u2 , 2u2 + 2u3 , 3u3 + 3u1 . Determine
generators v1 , v2 , and v3 for G such that H is generated by h1 v1 , h2 v2 , h3 v3
with h1 |h2 |h3 . [2 Marks]
(ii) Describe the following abelian group as a direct sum of cyclic groups:
ha, b, c : 3a − 9b − 9c = 0, −6a + 12b = 0, 6b − 18c = 0i. [2 Marks]

3. How many abelian groups of order 107811, 42592 are there? [1 Mark]

4. Give the full list of all non-isomorphic abelian groups of order 6776. Write
their elementary divisors and invariant factors. [2 Marks]
 Group Theory
MAP351 Sheet 3 (Solutions)

1. A4 has three elements of order 2 and eight of order 3.

There are three subgroups of order 2, none are normal.
There are four cyclic subgroups of order 3 - which are not normal.
{e, (123), (132)}, {e, (124), (142)}, {e, (134), (143)}, {e, (234), (243)}
There is one non-cyclic subgroup of order 4 which is normal
{e, (12)(34), (23)(14), (13)(24)}.

2. (i) H is generated by u1 + u2 , 2u2 + 2u3 , 3u3 + 3u1 .

 
1 1 0
Consider the matrix 0 2 2. This row and column reduces
3 0 3
       
1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 2
0 2 2 → 0 2 2 → 0 −1 5  → 0 1 −5 →
 3 0 3 0 −3 3 0 0 −12 0 0 12
1 0 0
0 1 0 
0 0 12
 
1 1 0
Since 0 1 −5 is unimodular - and u1 + u2 (first row) and u2 − 5u3
0 0 1
belong to H, if v1 = u1 + u2 , v2 = u2 − 5u3 , and v3 = u3 , then H is generated
by v1 , v2 and 12v3 . G/H = Z12 .

(ii) ha, b, c : 3a − 9b − 9c = 0, −6a + 12b = 0, 6b − 18c = 0i.

Let G be Z3 generated by a, b, c and H be the subgroup generated by
3a − 9b − 9c, −6a + 12b, 6b − 18c.
 
3 −9 −9
Consider the matrix −6 12 0 . This row and column reduces
0 6 −18
       
3 −9 −9 3 −9 −9 3 −9 −9 3 0 0
−6 12 0  → 0 −6 −18 → 0 6 18  → 0 6 0 
0 6 −18 0 6 −18 0 0 −36 0 0 36
Then there exist generators v1 , v2 and v3 with H generated by 3v1 , 6v2 and
36v3 .
Group = G/H = Z3 ⊕ Z6 ⊕ Z36 .

3. 107811 = 113 · 34 . There are 3 abelian groups of order 11, and 5 of order
81. Therefore there are 15 abelian groups of order 107811.
42592 = 25 · 113 . There are 7 abelian groups of order 32, and 3 of order
1331. Therefore there are 21 abelian groups of order 42592.

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 4. 6776 = 23 · 7 · 112 . The are 3 abelian groups of order 8 and 2 of order 121,
so there are 6 abelian subgroups of order 6776:

• A1 = Z8 ⊕ Z7 ⊕ Z121 ∼ = Z6776 . The elementary divisors (resp. invariant

factors) for A1 are 8,7,121 (resp. 6776).
• A2 = Z2 ⊕ Z4 ⊕ Z7 ⊕ Z121 ∼ = Z2 ⊕ Z3388 . The elementary divisors (resp.
invariant factors) for A2 are 2,4,7,121 (resp. 2,3388).
• A3 = Z2 ⊕ Z2 ⊕ Z2 ⊕ Z7 ⊕ Z121 ∼ = Z2 ⊕ Z2 ⊕ Z1694 . The elementary divisors
(resp. invariant factors) for A3 are 2,2,2,7,121 (resp. 2,2,1694).
• A4 = Z8 ⊕ Z7 ⊕ Z11 ⊕ Z11 ∼ = Z11 ⊕ Z616 . The elementary divisors (resp.
invariant factors) for A4 are 8,7,11,11 (resp. 11,616).
• A5 = Z2 ⊕ Z4 ⊕ Z7 ⊕ Z11 ⊕ Z11 ∼ = Z22 ⊕ Z308 . The elementary divisors
(resp. invariant factors) for A5 are 2,4,7,11,11 (resp. 22,308).
• A6 = Z2 ⊕ Z2 ⊕ Z2 ⊕ Z7 ⊕ Z11 ⊕ Z11 ∼ = Z2 ⊕ Z22 ⊕ Z154 . The elementary
divisors (resp. invariant factors) for A6 are 2,2,2,7,11,11 (resp. 2,22,154).

–2–