Professional Documents
Culture Documents
7; 2018
ISSN 1916-4742 E-ISSN 1916-4750
Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education
Received: May 15, 2018 Accepted: June 14, 2018 Online Published: June 16, 2018
doi: 10.5539/elt.v11n7p116 URL: http://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v11n7p116
Abstract
This study investigates EFL students’ satisfaction with their acquired speaking skills based on the materials used
as part of the classroom environment, and the teacher as a facilitator of the classroom environment. A
questionnaire was adapted from Asakereh and Maliheh’s (2015) study, and completed by 60 students in the tenth
grade at a private school in Jeddah. The study’s findings reveal that students are highly satisfied with their
acquired speaking skills, materials, and language teacher. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between
students acquired speaking skills with materials and with the language teacher.
Keywords: speaking skills, classroom environment, EFL students satisfaction
1. Introduction
The English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom is probably the only place for students in Jeddah to speak
English, so the EFL class environment should be given significant care. Teachers take great care to prepare
speaking class materials, such as activities and organizing the class setting to make the speaking environment
student friendly. As a result, students are involved in the learning process, which increases satisfaction and sense
of achievement. The current study addresses tenth grade EFL students’ satisfaction with speaking skills in
relation to language classroom materials used and the language teacher.
Previous studies, including those of Bergil (2016), Peng (2015), and Akdemir, Brain, and Demiroz (2012), have
focused on EFL university students’ perceptions of speaking skills regarding their willingness to communicate
and the significant factors that create a more engaging classroom environment. To the best of my knowledge, no
studies related to tenth grade EFL students, with an Arabic L1 background, have been undertaken to measure
their satisfaction with speaking skills in relation to materials and teacher. Accordingly, I conducted this study to
answer the following question: To what extent are tenth grade EFL learners satisfied with the classroom
environment in relation to their speaking skills?
In this section, I discuss student satisfaction, speaking skills, and classroom environment, in relation to the
research question. The review is based on the idea that examining students’ satisfaction with acquired knowledge
in class and the classroom environment reflects their achievement.
1.1 Student Satisfaction
Satisfaction, according to Oliver (1997), is a state of pleasure that one may perceive from achieving a desirable
aim. EFL student satisfaction with learning outcomes and the teaching process is considered an important factor
in generating the motivation for student performance (Wu, Marek, & Yen, 2012; Rashidi & Moghadam, 2014).
Wu, Tennyson, and Hsia (2010) and Asakereh and Dehghannezhad (2015) argued that EFL student satisfaction
is expressively affected by the learning environment. Moreover, Bolliger (2004), and Booker and Rebman
(2005), Jones (2008) suggested that the support of the teacher influences students’ satisfaction and increases
their motivation to learn. In EFL classrooms, one of the skills practiced is speaking as a form of communication,
according to Pishghadam, Zabetipour and Aminzade (2016), and EFL learners find speaking classes the most
enjoyable.
116
elt.ccsenet.org English Language Teaching Vol. 11, No. 7; 2018
117
elt.ccsenet.org English Language Teaching Vol. 11, No. 7; 2018
with self-efficacy beliefs and student achievement was established. The current study investigates 60 female
students from an Arabic L1 background, ages 15-16, studying EFL in grade 10 at a private school in Jeddah. The
students were chosen randomly and equally from five classes. The participants’ English proficiency varied: they
were taught by one teacher and shared the same curriculum, books, and materials. The teacher has a bachelor’s
degree in English, with five years’ teaching experience with an Arabic L1 background. Students take five EFL
classes per week, where speaking is practised daily through a variety of speaking activities.
2.2 Instruments
A questionnaire form Asakereh and Dehghannezhad (2015) was modified to suit the students’ ages and to
correspond to the research objective. Item selection was based on the participants’ ability to comprehend,
tolerance to the length of the questionnaire, and adequacy for the collection of necessary data. The questionnaire
has three main dimensions: acquired speaking skills, materials, and instructor. Additionally, the questionnaire
consists of 15 items based on the Likert scale, beginning with very unsatisfied to very satisfied and approved by
an expert in teaching English as a foreign language.
2.3 Procedure
The questionnaire was translated into Arabic and then converted for electronic use on Google Drive. It was
administered in the schools’ computer lab by a member of the school’s administration department, who did not
know the students, with the help of the information technology (IT) assistant who rearranged the computer lab.
During substitution and activity classes, the administrator randomly selected twelve students and accompanied
them to the computer lab, where the IT assistant assigned a computer to each participant to complete the
questionnaire in approximately 5 minutes. After the required number of forms were completed, data was then
organized in an Excel spreadsheet for statistical analysis using SPSS. The answers were then transferred to
numbers, in a range from very unsatisfied = 1 up to very satisfied = 5.
2.4 Analysis of Method
SPSS 21.0 was used to extract Cronbach’s alpha to ensure reliability. Validity was ensured by calculating
internal consistency and examining the correlation between each individual item and the total score of the
questionnaire. Then descriptive analyses were used to give estimates of student satisfaction on the
questionnaire’s three dimensions presented by the means, standard deviations, and frequencies. The Pearson’s
correlation coefficient was used to verify the study’s hypotheses related to the relationship between speaking
skills with material and the teacher.
3. Results
As the questionnaire is a five-point scale, items were given scores ranging from (1-5), where 5 = strongly
satisfied, and 1 = strongly unsatisfied. The minimum possible score of the questionnaire is 15, and the maximum
is 75.
3.1 Validity and Reliability of the Questionnaire
The questionnaire possesses a high level of reliability, Cronbach's alpha = .94. To obtain a measure of the items’
validity, multiple correlations were performed between the items and the total scores of the questionnaire.
Correlations scores ranged between .6 and .9, and all correlations were significant at p < .001. Moreover,
correlations between the dimensions and their items were performed, and all correlations ranged between .6
and .9 and were significant at p < .001. See Table 1 for the correlations between items and total scores.
3.2 Satisfactory Levels
Means and standard deviations were calculated for each dimension. Students showed roughly similar levels of
satisfaction on all dimensions, with a slightly higher level of satisfaction with the instructor: satisfaction with
instructor (M = 3.83, SD = .49), satisfaction with materials (M =3.47, SD = 1), and satisfaction with acquired
speaking skills (M = 3.8, SD = .98). High levels of satisfaction with the instructor are reflected in the average
scores of the items related to the instructor dimension: four of the six items obtained an average above 4. See
Table 2 for means and standard deviations for each item in the scale.
Frequency of responses to each item in the questionnaire was calculated by collapsing the two positive answers
in one category, and collapsing the two negative responses in one category, in addition to the neutral responses.
Therefore, three categories are shown for each item: satisfied, neutral, and dissatisfied. See Figure 1 for
percentage of responses to items of dimension 1 (satisfaction with acquired speaking skills), Figure 2 for
dimension 2 (satisfaction with materials), and Figure 3 for dimension 3 (satisfaction with instructor).
118
elt.ccsenet.org English Language Teaching Vol. 11, No. 7; 2018
The highest level of satisfaction is with the instructor. Satisfied responses ranged between 61.7% and 87.3%,
while unsatisfied responses range between 8.3% and 16.7%. Students show a high level of satisfaction with
acquired speaking skills. Their satisfaction with all items related to this dimension ranged between 63.7% and
74%. In contrast, unsatisfied responses ranged between 13.3 % and 18.3%. Last and least, materials show
moderate levels of satisfaction. Positive responses ranged between 38.3% and 65%. Although negative responses
for most items ranged between 8.3% and 16.3%, item 6, which is related to the level of the textbook, received a
high percentage of satisfaction, 48.3%.
Table 1. Correlations for items with total score of dimension and total score of the questionnaire
Correlations with the Dimension Correlations with the Total
Score Score
Dimensions Items Pearson's Correlation Sig Pearson's Correlation Sig
1 0.83 0.001 0.82 0.001
Satisfaction with acquired 2 0.82 0.001 0.61 0.001
speaking skills 3 0.9 0.001 0.68 0.001
4 0.85 0.001 0.77 0.001
5 0.77 0.001 0.001 0.001
6 0.67 0.001 0.46 0.001
Satisfaction with materials
7 0.86 0.001 0.77 0.001
8 0.81 0.001 0.78 0.001
9 0.87 0.001 0.87 0.001
10 0.85 0.001 0.78 0.001
11 0.92 0.001 0.78 0.001
Satisfaction with instructor 12 0.85 0.001 0.72 0.001
13 0.67 0.001 0.65 0.001
14 0.8 0.001 0.7 0.001
15 0.87 0.001 0.76 0.001
119
elt.ccsenet.org English Language Teaching Vol. 11, No. 7; 2018
80.00% Unsatisfied
Neutral
Satisfied
60.00%
40.00%
20.00%
0.00%
Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4
Figure 1. Frequency of responses, of the four items related to acquired speaking skills
80.00%
60.00%
Unsatisfied
40.00% Neutral
Satisfied
20.00%
0.00%
Item 5 Item 6 Item 7 Item 8 Item 9
120
elt.ccsenet.org English Language Teaching Vol. 11, No. 7; 2018
100.00%
75.00%
Unsatisfied
50.00%
Neutral
Satisfied
25.00%
0.00%
Item 10 Item 11 Item 12 Item 13 Item 14 Item 15
4. Discussion
The current study investigates EFL students’ satisfaction with acquired speaking skills, material provided as part
of the classroom environment, and the teacher as a facilitator of the teaching process. The findings indicate that
the students are highly satisfied with their speaking, materials, and teacher. Moreover, there is a positive
correlation between the students acquired speaking skills and classroom materials, and a significant correlation
between students’ speaking skills and the teacher.
According to the items related to acquired speaking skills, students are most satisfied with their vocabulary,
which they practice and learn in class. They also think that speaking classes provide a suitable environment to
interact with their classmates and teacher. Moreover, the results indicate that the students, among all items
related to the teacher, held the view the teacher creates an appropriate environment for speaking, and gave
significant encouragement. Thus, and as Rashidi and Moghadam (2014) found, when students are satisfied, they
achieve at higher rates.
Student satisfaction is a necessary factor in measuring the teaching environment from the students’ point of view,
which promotes their willingness to learn. Thus, students’ perception of the teacher and environment affects their
performance. The results show that students are highly satisfied with speaking skills acquired from their EFL
class, which may positively impact their achievements. As mentioned in the previous section, Bergil (2016)
reported similar results to the current study: students’ achievements are affected by the quality of teacher and
classroom environment. Similarly, Asakereh and Dehghannezhad (2015) also noted a significant relation
between student satisfaction with speaking skills and self-proficiency.
The results show a connection between student satisfaction with their performance and their EFL teacher.
Furthermore, the results reflected student satisfaction with the EFL teacher’s role in the class to support,
encourage, and correct. Bolliger (2004) and Booker and Rebman (2005) indicated that teachers are one of the
most significant influences on student satisfaction. Additionally, Booker and Rebman (2005) also argued that the
efficiency of the teacher is a main cause of students’ demotivation and the decrease in levels of satisfaction.
The results also illustrated a relation between speaking skills acquired and classroom environment for materials,
which matches Asakereh and Dhghannezhad’s (2015) results for the questionnaire, from which the current
study’s questionnaire was adapted. The current study’s findings also agree with those of Peng (2015) and Bergil
(2016): students acquired speaking skills reflect the quality of the material, as part of the classroom environment.
In addition, the results match a study by Akdemir, Barin, and Demiroz (2012; see also Sim and Pop, 2016),
which showed that a variety of material and activities in speaking classes increases students’ satisfaction and
promotes speaking practice in the class. Consequently, Mahbub-ul-Alam and Khan (2014) reported that
developing linguistic skills, which only happens in class, is required to learn a language.
121
elt.ccsenet.org English Language Teaching Vol. 11, No. 7; 2018
This study illustrates the importance of analysing students’ opinions within the teaching environment, as it
provides the teacher and the institution with an insight to students’ needs, which can then be reflected in the
teaching process. Furthermore, the teacher plays a vital role in manipulating the classroom environment to
accommodate the teaching process and thus encourage learning. As a result, teacher training is fundamental to
establishing a well-educated and an effective facilitator of the teaching process (Sim & Pop, 2016). Based on the
importance of the teachers’ role in achieving student satisfaction, a teacher might consider implementing
different activities to promote student engagement. Moreover, proper evaluation and corrective feedback could
be applied to reflect students’ performance.
This study has certain limitations as it only investigates female students, further studies may be implemented on
males of the same age group. Moreover, researchers may think about adding student achievement in speaking
skills and correlate it with the variables provided in this study. Additionally, student satisfaction with the
teaching process for the three other skills could be examined in future studies.
5. Conclusion
This study attempted to investigate EFL student satisfaction with acquired speaking skills in relation to the
material and teacher. The findings illustrate the students’ high satisfaction level with speaking skills and reveal a
significant correlation between speaking skills with the material, and speaking skills with the teacher. Therefore,
the current study suggests that measuring students’ opinions on acquired speaking skills in relation to the
teaching process and classroom environment may be effective for ensuring that the best quality of teaching is
delivered to students, as satisfaction levels reflect improvement in communication and speaking skills.
References
Akdemir, A. S., Barin, M., & Demiroz, H. (2012). Broadsheet English: Teaching speaking through newspaper
articles. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 3967-3971.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.180
Asakereh, A., & Dehghannezhad, M. (2015). Student satisfaction with EFL speaking classes: Relating speaking
self-efficacy and skills achievement. Issues in Educational Research, 25(4), 345-363.
Bergil, A. S. (2016). The influence of willingness to communicate on overall speaking skills among EFL
learners. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 232, 177-187.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.10.043
Bolliger, D. U., & Martindale, T. (2004). Key factors for determining student satisfaction in online courses.
International Journal on E-learning, 3(1), 61-68.
Booker, Q. E., & Rebman, C. E. (2005). E-student retention: Factors affecting customer loyalty for online
program success. Issues in Information Systems, 6(1), 183-189.
Brown, H. D. (1994). Teaching by principles: an interactive approach to language pedagogy. Englewood Cliffs,
NJ: Prentice Hall Regents.
Espinel, J. N. P., & Canaría, D. C. F. (2010). How public high school students assume cooperative roles to
develop their EFL speaking skills. HOW Journal, 17(1), 31-56.
Ghani, M., Nawaz, S., & Asif, M. (2015). Developing speaking skills through sensory activities: An empirical
study conducted on Pakistani EFL learners. Journal of Educational Research, 18(2), 84.
Jones, A. C. (2008). The effects of out-of-class support on student satisfaction and motivation to learn.
Communication Education, 57(3), 373-388. https://doi.org/10.1080/03634520801968830
Mahbub-ul-Alam, A., & Khan, M. E. I. (2014). Speaking in a second language in Bangladesh. NU Journal of
Humanities, Social Sciences & Business Studies, 1(1), 135-142.
Moradi, Z., & Talebi, S. H. (2014). The Effect of pre-speaking strategies instruction in strategic planning on
Iranian EFL students’ awareness as well as students’ fluency and lexical resources in speaking.
Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 98, 1224-1231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.537
Nash, G., Crimmins, G., & Oprescu, F. (2016). If first-year students are afraid of public speaking assessments
what can teachers do to alleviate such anxiety? Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 41(4),
586-600. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2015.1032212
Nunan. D. (1991). Language Teaching Methodology. UK: Prentice Hall International.
Oliver, R. L., Rust, R. T., & Varki, S. (1997). Customer delight: foundations, findings, and managerial insight.
122
elt.ccsenet.org English Language Teaching Vol. 11, No. 7; 2018
Appendix A
Student satisfaction with acquired speaking skills, materials and teacher questionnaire
VU = very unsatisfactory; U = unsatisfactory; N = neutral; S = satisfactory; VS = very satisfactory
How satisfactory do you find VU U N S VS
1 The spoken vocabulary you learn in your speaking class
The effect of your speaking class on the improvement of your
2
Linguistic
pronunciation
The effect of your speaking class on the improvement of your fluency in
3
speaking
Your ability to make use of the stuff you have learnt in the classroom for
4
real life communication
Your speaking class in providing the opportunity for you to speak in
5
English with your classmates and instructors
6 The level of the course book introduced to you
Material
123
elt.ccsenet.org English Language Teaching Vol. 11, No. 7; 2018
Copyrights
Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution
license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
124