vi. People v. Kalipayan, G.R. No.

229829, 22 January 2018; - Alejo

f. The Act Be Committed with Abuse of Confidence or Obvious  Ungratefulness; 

i. Requisites; 
ii. People v. Develos, G.R. No. L-18866, 31 January 1966; - Alinao

g. The Crime Be Committed in The Palace of The Chief Executive, Or in His Presence, Or Where
Public Authorities Are Engaged in The  Discharge of Their Duties, Or in A Place Dedicated to
Religious  Worship; 

i. Requisites; 
ii. People v. Abrazaldo, G.R. No. 124392, 7 February 2003; - Añonuevo

h. The Crime Be Committed in The Nighttime, Or in An Uninhabited  Place, Or by A Band,

Whenever Such Circumstances May Facilitate the Commission of The Offense; 

i. Requisites; 
ii. People v. Ong, G.R. No. L-34497, 30 January 1975; - Bentican
iii. People v. Cortes, G.R. No. 137050, 11 July 2001; - Bilag
iv. People v. Demate, G.R. Nos. 132310 & 143968-69, 20 January  2004; - Bumilao
v. People v. Arpa, G.R. No. L-26789, 25 April 1969; - Cariaga
vi. People v. Gallo, G.R. No. 181902, 31 August 2011; - Chawi

i. The Crime Be Committed on The Occasion of a Conflagration,  Shipwreck, Earthquake,

Epidemic or Other Calamity or Misfortune;

i. See Articles 249 and 310, RPC; 

ii. People v. Arpa, G.R. No. L-26789, 25 April 1969; - Chinayo

j. The Crime Be Committed with The Aid of Armed Men or Persons Who   Insure or Afford
Impunity; 

i. Requisites; 
ii. Band v. Aid of Armed Men; 

k. The Accused Is A Recidivist; 

i. Requisites; 
ii. People v. Molina, G.R. No. 134777-8, 24 July 2000; - Cosi
iii. People v. Bernal, G.R. No. L-44988, 31 October 1936; - Gacayan
iv. Quasi-Recidivism; 
1. People v. Layson, G.R. No. L-25177, 31 October 1969; - Gaoat

l. Reiteracion or the Offender Has Been Previously Punished for An  Offense to Which the Law
Attaches an Equal or Greater Penalty or For  Two Or More Crimes to Which It Attaches A
Lighter Penalty;

i. Requisites;
ii. Reiteracion v. Recidivism; 
iii. People v. Real, G.R. No. 93436, 24 March 1995; - Guillermo

m. The Crime Be Committed in Consideration of a Price, Reward, Or  Promise; 

i. Requisites; 
ii. People v. Hipolito, G.R. No. 31402, 17 August 1981; - Likigan

n. The Crime Be Committed by Means of Inundation, Fire, Poison,  Explosion, Stranding of A

Vessel or Intentional Damage Thereto,  Derailment of A Locomotive, Or by The Use of Any Other
Artifice  Involving Great Waste and Ruin; 

i. Requisites; 
o. Evident Premeditation; 

i. Requisites; 
ii. People v. Manansala, G.R. No. 88752, 3 July 1992; - Limmayog
iii. People v. Davido, G.R. No. 143765, 30 July 2002; - Magalgalit
iv. People v. Isla, G.R. No. 199875, 21 November 2012; - Mallong
v. People v. Grabador, G.R. No. 227504, 13 June 2018; - Mendoza

p. Craft, Fraud, Or Disguise; 

i. Requisites; 

q. Advantage Be Taken of Superior Strength, Or Means Be Employed to Weaken the Defense; 

i. Requisites; 
ii. People v. Espina, G.R. No. 123102, 29 February 2000; - Osngal
iii. People v. Apelado, G.R. No. 132137, 1 October 1999; - Padchonga
iv. People v. Revillame, G.R. No. 100714-15, 3 March 1994; - Padinay

r. Treachery or Alevosia; 

i. People v. Racal, G.R. No. 224886, 4 September 2017; - Pallogan

ii. People v. Kalipayan, G.R. No. 229829, 22 January 2018; - Pangket
iii. People v. Rebamontan, G.R. No. 125318, 13 April 1999; - Pascua
iv. People v. Landicho, G.R. No. 116600, 3 July 1996; - Ruiz
v. People v. Bechayda, G.R. No. 72001, 7 August 1992; - Sagamla
vi. People v. Flora, G.R. No. 125909, 23 June 2000; - Say-ao

s. Means Be Employed or Circumstances Brought About Which Add  Ignominy to The Natural
Effects of The Act; 

i. People v. Diaz, G.R. No. 134311, 13 October 1999; - Tabadero

ii. People v. Binondo, G.R. No. 97227, 20 October 1992; - Tubera
iii. People v. Nescio, G.R. No. 102008, 28 December 1994; - Valdez

t. Crime Be Committed After an Unlawful Entry; 

u. As A Means to The Commission of a Crime A Wall, Roof, Floor, Door,  Or Window Be

Broken; 

i. People v. Medina, G.R. No. L-38417, 16 December 1933; - Zamora

v. The Crime Be Committed with The Aid of Persons Under Fifteen Years  of Age or By Means of
Motor Vehicles, Airships, Or Other Similar  Means; 

w. The Wrong Done in The Commission of The Crime Be Deliberately  Augmented by Causing
Other Wrong Not Necessary for Its  Commission. 

i. People v. Balondo, G.R. No. L-27401, 31 October 1969; - Alejo

ii. People v. Bernabe, G.R. NO. 185726, 16 October 2009; - Alinao

5. Alternative Circumstances 

a. Relationship; 

i. People v. Manhuyod, G.R. No. 124676, 20 May 1998; - Añonuevo

ii. People v. Orilla, G.R. Nos. 148939-40, 13 February 2004; - Bentican

b. Intoxication; 

i. People v. Pinca, G.R. No. 129256, 17 November 1999; - Bilag

ii. People v. Mondigo, G.R. No. 167954, 31 January 2008; - Bumilao
c. Degree of instruction and education of the offender. 

i. People v. Macatanda, G.R. No. L-51368, 6 November 1981. - Cariaga

III. Title II – Persons Criminally Liable 

A. Principals; 
1. By direct participation; 
2. By induction; 
3. By indispensable cooperation. 
4. Cases: 
a. People v. Parungao, G.R. No. 125812, 28 November 1996; - Chawi
b. People v. Fronda, G.R. No. 102361-62, 14 May 1993; - Chinayo
c. People v. Tabuso, G.R. No. 113708, 26 October 1999; - Cosi

B. Accomplices; 
1. Requisites; 
2. Principal by Indispensable Cooperation v. Accomplice; 
3. Cases: 
a. People v. De Vera, G.R. No. 128966, 18 August 1999; - Gacayan
b. People v. Jorge, G.R. No. 99379, 22 April 1994; - Gaoat

C. Accessories: 
1. Requisites; 
2. Accomplice v. Accessory; 
3. Kinds: 
a. By profiting themselves or assisting the offender to profit by the effects  of the crime; 
b. By concealing or destroying the body of the crime, or the effects or  instruments thereof, in order to
prevent its discovery; 
c. By harboring, concealing, or assisting in the escape of the principal of  the crime, provided the
accessory acts with abuse of his public functions  or whenever the author of the crime is guilty of
treason, parricide,  murder, or an attempt to take the life of the Chief Executive, or is  known to be
habitually guilty of some other crime. 
4. Cases: 
a. People v. Boco, G.R. No. 129676, 23 June 1999; - Guillermo
b. People v. Oliva, G.R. No. 122110, 26 September 2000; - Likigan
5. Accessories exempt from Criminal Liability. 

IV. Title III – Penalties 

A. Concept 
1. People v. Dela Cruz, G.R. No. 100386, 11 December 1992; - Limmayog
2. People v. Latupan, G.R. Nos. 112453-56, 28 June 2001; - Magalgalit

B. Classification of Penalties 
1. Article 25, RPC; 
2. Capital punishment; 
a. Republic Act No. 9346; 
b. Life imprisonment v. Reclusion perpetua; 
3. Afflictive penalties; 
4. Correctional penalties; 
5. Light penalties; 
6. Penalties common to the three preceding classes; 
7. Accessory Penalties 

C. Duration of Penalties; 
1. Articles 27 to 29, RPC. 

D. Effect of Penalties; 
1. Perpetual or Temporary Absolute Disqualification; 
2. Perpetual or Temporary Special Disqualification;
3. Perpetual or Temporary Special Disqualification for the Exercise of the Right  of Suffrage; 
4. Suspension from Any Public Office, Profession or Calling, or the Right of  Suffrage; 
5. Civil interdiction; 
6. Bond to Keep the Peace; 
7. Pardon; 
8. Costs; 
9. Pecuniary Liabilities; 
10. Subsidiary Penalty. 
a. Preventive Imprisonment v. Subsidiary Imprisonment; 
b. People v. Jarumayan, 52 OG 248; - Mallong
11. Cases: 
a. Gloria v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 131012, 21 April 1999; - Mendoza
b. Santiago v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 128055, 18 April 2001; - Osngal
c. People v. Eduarte, G.R. No. 88232, 26 February 1990; - Padchonga
d. People v. Lucas, G.R. Nos. 108172-73, 9 January 1995; - Padinay
e. People v. Bon, G.R. No. 166401, 30 October 2006; - Pallogan

E. Inherent accessory penalties; 

1. Death: 
a. Perpetual Absolute Disqualification; 
b. Civil Interdiction. 
2. Reclusión Perpetua and Reclusión Temporal: 
a. Civil Interdiction; 
b. Perpetual Absolute Disqualification. 
3. Prisión Mayor: 
a. Temporary Absolute Disqualification; 
b. Perpetual Special Disqualification from The Right of Suffrage.
4. Prisión Correccional: 
a. Suspension from Public Office, From the Right to Follow A Profession  or Calling; 
b. Perpetual Special Disqualification from The Right of Suffrage.
5. Arresto: 
a. Suspension of The Right to Hold Office and The Right of Suffrage.
6. Confiscation and Forfeiture of the Proceeds or Instruments of the Crime. 

F. Application of Penalties; 
1. Imposition of Penalties; 
a. Article 46, RPC; 
b. Article 47, RPC; 
c. Articles 49 to 60, RPC; 
2. Complex Crimes 
a. Article 48, RPC. 
b. Compound Crimes; 
c. Complex Crimes; 
d. Continuing Crimes or transitory crimes; 
e. Composite crimes or special complex crimes; 
f. Continued crimes or delito continuado or continuous crime; 
g. Cases: 
i. People v. Carpo, G.R. No. 132676, 4 April 2001; - Pangket
ii. People v. Tabaco, G.R. No. 100382-385, 19 March 1997; - Pascua
iii. People v. Sabredo, G.R. No. 126114, 11 May 2000; - Ruiz
iv. People v. Gallarde, G.R. No. 133025, 17 February 2000; - Sagamla
v. Santiago v. Garchitorena, G.R. No. 109266, 2 December 1993; - Say-ao
vi. Garcia-Padilla v. Enrile, G.R. No. G.R. No. L-61388, 19 July  1985; - Tabadero
vii. Ibasco v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 117488, 5 September 1996; - Tubera
3. Rules for Graduating Penalties.
a. Article 61, RPC. 

G. Rules for the Application of Penalties with Regard to the Mitigating and  Aggravating
Circumstances, and Habitual Delinquency 

1. Effects of the Attendance of Mitigating or Aggravating Circumstances; a. Article 62, RPC. 

2. Habitual Delinquency. 
a. Habitual delinquency v. Recidivism v. Reiteracion v. Quasi-recidivism;
b. People v. Tolentino, G.R. No. L-48740, 5 August 1942; - Valdez
c. People v. Masonson, G.R. No. 44527, 31 March 1936; - Zamora
3. Rules for the Application of Indivisible Penalties; 
a. People v. Brusola, G.R. No. 210615, 26 July 2017; - Alejo
4. Rules for the Application of Penalties Which Contain Three Periods;
a. People v. Brusola, G.R. No. 210615, 26 July 2017; - Alinao
5. Rule in Cases in Which the Penalty is Not Composed of Three Periods;
6. Other rules: 
a. Articles 66 to 69, RPC; 
b. Republic Act No. 9344; 
c. Republic Act No. 10951; 
d. Cases: 
i. People v. Mendoza, G.R. No. 123186, 9 July 1998; - Añonuevo
ii. People v. Sarcia, G.R. No. 169641, 10 September 2009; - Bentican
iii. People v. Arpon, G.R. No. 183563, 14 December 2011; - Bilag
iv. Dorado v. People, G.R. No. 216671, 3 October 2016; - Bumilao
7. Successive Service of Sentences; 
a. Three-fold Rule; 
b. Celestial v. People, G.R. No. 214865, 19 August 2015; - Cariaga
c. In the Matter of The Petition For Habeas Corpus Of Pete C. Lagran,  Pete C. Lagran, G.R. No.
147270, 15 August 2001; - Chawi
8. Fine; 
9. Preference in the Payment of the Civil Liabilities. 

H. Other Rules as regards F and G above 

1. Articles 73 to 77, RPC; 

I. Indeterminate Sentence Law (ISL); 

1. Act No. 4103 as amended by Act No. 4225. 
2. Application of ISL; 
3. Cases: 
a. Bacar v. De Guzman, 271 SCRA 328, A.M. No. RTJ-96-1349, 18  April 1997; - Chinayo
b. People v. Jaranilla, G.R. No. L-28547, 22 February 1974; - Cosi
c. People v. Temporada, G.R. No. 173473, 17 December 2008; - Gacayan

J. Probation Law 
1. PD No. 968, as amended by PD No. 1257, PD No. 1990, BP Blg. 76, and  Republic Act No. 10707; 
2. Conditions of Probation; 
3. ISL v. Probation; 
4. Cases: 
a. Francisco v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 108747, 6 April 1995; - Gaoat
b. Dela Torre v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 121592, 5 July 1996; - Guillermo
c. Pablo v. Castillo, G.R. No. 125108, 3 August 2000; - Likigan
d. Padua v. People, G.R. No. 168546, 23 July 2008; - Limmayog
e. Villareal v. People, G.R. No. 151258, 1 December 2014; - Magalgalit
f. Maruhom v. People, G.R. No. 206513, 20 October 2015; - Mallong

K. Community Service Law 

1. RA 11362
2. AM No. 20-06-14-SC 

L. Execution and Service of Penalties: 

1. General Provisions: 
a. Articles 78 to 80, RPC; 
b. Suspension of the Execution and Service of the Penalties in Case  of Insanity; 
c. Suspension of Sentence of Minor Delinquents. 
2. Execution of Principal Penalties 
a. Articles 81 to 88, RPC. 

V. Title IV – Extinction of Criminal Liability 

A. Total Extinction: 
1. Death of The Convict; 
a. People v. Bayotas, G.R. No. 102007, 2 September 1994; - Mendoza
b. People v. Antido, G.R. No. 208651, 14 March 2018; - Osngal
2. Service of The Sentence; 
a. Martin v. Eduardo, G.R. No. L-62627, 19 March 1983; - Padchonga
3. Amnesty; 
4. Absolute Pardon; 
a. Amnesty v. Pardon. 
b. People v. Casido, G.R. No. 116512, 7 March 1997; - Padinay
c. People v. Salle, G.R. No. 103567, 4 December 1995; - Pallogan
5. Prescription of The Crime; 
a. Articles 90 to 91, RPC; 
b. Act No. 3326; 
c. Infante v. Provincial Warden, 92 Phil. 310; - Pangket
d. Garcia v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 119063, 27 January 1997; - Pascua
e. Presidential Ad Hoc Committee on Behest Loans v. OMB, G.R. No.  135482, 14 August 2001; - Ruiz
f. Zaldivia v. People, G.R. No. 102342, 3 July 1992; - Sagamla
g. People v. Pacificador, G.R. No. 139405, 13 March 2001; - Say-ao 
h. Garcia v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 119063, 27 January 1997; - Tabadero
i. Reodica v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 125066, 8 July 1998; - Tubera
6. By prescription of the penalty; 
a. Articles 92 to 93, RPC; 
b. Prescription of the crime v. Prescription of penalty; 
7. By the marriage of the offended woman; 
a. People v. Tadulan, G.R. No. 117407, 15 April 1997; - Valdez

B. Partial Extinction: 
1. Conditional Pardon; 
a. Article 95, RPC. 
b. Alvarez v. Director of Prison, 80 Phil. 50; - Zamora
c. Torres v. Director of Prison, G.R. No. 122338, 29 December 1995; - Alejo
2. Commutation of The Sentence; 
a. Article 96, RPC. 
3. Good Conduct Allowances. 
a. Articles 97 to 99. 

VI. Civil Liability 

A. Persons Civilly Liable: 

1. Articles 100 to 103, RPC. 

B. What Civil Liability Includes 

1. Restitution; 
a. Article 105, RPC.
2. Reparation of the damage caused; 
a. Article 106, RPC. 
3. Indemnification for consequential damages. 
a. Article 107, RPC. 
4. Other Rules: 
a. Articles 108 to 111, RPC. 

C. Extinction and Survival of Civil Liability 

1. Articles 112 to 113, RPC; 
2. Article 1288, Civil Code. 

D. Cases: 
1. People v. Teehankee, G.R. Nos. 111206-08, 6 October 1995; - Alinao
2. People v. Jugueta, G.R. No. 202124, 5 April 2016. - Añonuevo