1

MODUL PERKULIAHAN

W182100017 –
UI/UX (LAB)
Perancangan Konseptual

Abstrak Sub-CPMK

Mampu menggunakan Sub-CPMK 1 & 3

Teknik yang tepat dalam Mampu menjelaskan apa yang
membuat sebuah rancangan dimaksud dengan Brainstorming, card
konseptual sort dan mind mapping process
diagram dalam konteks perancangan
konseptual

Brainstorming

Fakultas Program Studi Tatap Muka Disusun Oleh

07
Dr. Misbahul Fajri, ST., MTI
Ilmu Komputer Sistem Informasi
If you have a real problem, Brainstorming is a good way to come up a solution or two. As
the name suggests, the idea is that you storm on the neural pathways through the brain to
pick a lot of thoughts quickly and intuitively. It's best to do this with a group of diverse
people, so you have lots of different brains to explore. This leads to the creation of more
ideas and maybe new solutions.

Before you start, make sure you solve the right problem. 
Einstein said, to solve a problem “I Would Spend 55 Minutes Defining the Problem and
then Five Minutes Solving It.” Tina Seelig, a well-known professor on creativity, teaches to
define a problem by reframing the question. For example, by simply asking “why?”. 

Say you brainstorm ideas for a birthday party for your mom, you can ask: “why do we
organize birthday parties?” You might then realize that we do them to make people feel
special. Then ask “how can I make my mom feel special?”. Now a totally different idea
might come up.

Once you defined the real problem, start. Here are 3 ways:
Guided Group Brainstorming 
First get some markers and a whiteboard or some post-it notes. Then invite the
participants, these are your brains. Company bosses, teachers or other authorities are
advised to stay outside or facilitate, their authority can intimidate shy people from
speaking up. 
Then lay out the 4 ground rules of Brainstorming: 
1. Go for quantity — get out all the ideas, no matter how silly. 
2. Withhold criticism. There are no bad ideas. 
3. Welcome crazy ideas - the wilder the better. 
4. Build on other people’s ideas - listen to them first and then add“yes and...”

Now you can start. Write the problem as a question on the whiteboard. Then ask all of
your brains to throw in their ideas. As a facilitator, keep the discussion focused on the
topic. To ensure that people don’t speak over one another, you can provide a talking stick
which is passed around. Note down all ideas and put them up for everyone to see.
Remind people to add on to ideas. If Ann thinks of: “let's build a cool umbrella” Jay can

2021 UI/UX (LAB)

2 Dr. Misbahul Fajri, ST., MTI
Biro Bahan Ajar E-learning dan MKCU
http://pbael.mercubuana.ac.id/
say: “YES AND let's make it one that flies too…”. If someone did kill a good idea, the
facilitator can always bring it back to life to throw it back on the table. 

At the end of the session, see if there are two ideas that can be combined. In
brainstorming, the slogan is: 1+1=3. Then let the team vote to know which are the most
popular ones. You can now either start with another round of brainstorming to build on
those ideas, or if you are happy with the solution, bring it to an end. At last record your
best ideas, so you don't lose them. 

Now let’s explore a second method of brainstorming 

The Nominal Group Technique 

Explain the ground rules and present the problem. Then ask each person to write their
ideas anonymously. Then collect the ideas and let the group vote on each idea. The top
ranked ideas may be sent back to the participants or subgroups for further brainstorming.
For example, one group may brainstorm on the form of a product, while the other focuses
on the technical features.

And now the last way: 

The Group Passing Technique

Let people sit in a circle, explain the rules and present the problem. Each person writes
down one idea, and then passes the piece of paper to the next person, who adds some
thoughts. This continues until everybody gets his or her original piece of paper back. By
this time, it is likely that the group will have extensively elaborated on each idea. Let
everyone explain their evolved idea and write each on up. You can then let the group
vote.

If you want to brainstorm by yourself, give it try right now. At the end of this scene we will
present you with a problem. Once you get it, write 5 ideas in the comments below as fast
as you can without much thinking. This unlocks your creativity and gets you past mental
blocks. 
After you are done, read the comments from the others. Pick your favorite idea and build
your thought on top of it. To do that, just reply to that person starting with “yes and…”

2021 UI/UX (LAB)

3 Dr. Misbahul Fajri, ST., MTI
Biro Bahan Ajar E-learning dan MKCU
http://pbael.mercubuana.ac.id/
Card Sorting
Card sorting is a method used to help design or evaluate the information architecture of a
site. In a card sorting session, participants organize topics into categories that make
sense to them and they may also help you label these groups. To conduct a card sort, you
can use actual cards, pieces of paper, or one of several online card-sorting software tools.

Benefits of Card Sorting

Card sorting will help you understand your users' expectations and understanding of your
topics. It is often most useful once you have done some homework to find out about your
users and understand your content. Knowing how your users group information can help
you:

 Build the structure for your website

 Decide what to put on the homepage
 Label categories and navigation

Open and Closed Card Sorting

Depending on your needs, you may choose to do an open or closed card sort. They differ
as follows:

 Open Card Sort: Participants are asked to organize topics from content within
your website into groups that make sense to them and then name each group they
created in a way that they feel accurately describes the content. Use an open card sort
to learn how users group content and the terms or labels they give each category.
 Closed Card Sort: Participants are asked to sort topics from content within your
website into pre-defined categories. A closed card sort works best when you are
working with a pre-defined set of categories, and you want to learn how users sort
content items into each category.

You may also choose to try a combination of the two. You could conduct an open card
sort first to identify content categories and then use a closed card sort to see how well the
category labels work.

2021 UI/UX (LAB)

4 Dr. Misbahul Fajri, ST., MTI
Biro Bahan Ajar E-learning dan MKCU
http://pbael.mercubuana.ac.id/
Choosing a Technique

Techniques and Descriptions Pros Cons

One on Ones are in-person This type of sort may n/a

sessions with an observer. be completed with
Participants think aloud while physical cards or with
sorting, giving a clearer picture of online card-sorting
their reactions and thought software and the
processes. facilitator looking on
and asking questions
as needed.

Group / Independent - Concurrent Because of the limited You must have as

In-person Sessions have interaction, you can many sets of cards
participants sort a set of cards have many sessions at as concurrent
independently. The facilitator may the same time with one sessions or have
brief the participants at the facilitator. each participant at
beginning and debrief the a separate
participants at the end, but the computer if using
participant works alone for most online card-sorting
of the session. software.

Group - Concurrent In-person Working Group dynamics

Sessions have participants sort a collaboratively, or as a might come into
set of cards as a group. The team, may quickly play and should be
facilitator may brief the bring about grouping monitored.
participants at the beginning and and labeling of main
debrief the participants at the content areas.
end, but the participant together
for most of the session.

2021 UI/UX (LAB)

5 Dr. Misbahul Fajri, ST., MTI
Biro Bahan Ajar E-learning dan MKCU
http://pbael.mercubuana.ac.id/
Techniques and Descriptions Pros Cons

Remote, Computer-based Allows you to have You do not get

Sessions require participants to many participants in information on why
work independently. Participants many locations. participants sort the
sort the cards independently on cards the way they
their own computers. You can do do, because you
open or closed card sorts cannot see the
remotely. Several software participants or hear
programs exist to help you with them thinking out
large-scale remote card-sorting loud.
studies. Using the software is an
advantage because it analyzes
the data for you.

Best Practices for Card Sorts

 Limit the number of cards. It is tempting to want the participant to sort "ALL" of
your content, but be mindful of participant fatigue. We would recommend 30 to 40 at
the absolute outside, especially for an open sort.
 If possible, randomize the order of presentation so that each piece of content has
a chance to be sorted earlier in the session.
 Provide the participants with an estimate of how long the card sort will take before
beginning the session to help them better gauge the required time and effort.
 Consider the benefits of requiring participants to complete your sort. For an open
sort, if possible consider requiring them to sort the cards, but perhaps not to label
them, since that might be the more challenging part of the task, providing you have
limited your items as suggested in point 1)
 Consider an open sort as part 1 and a closed sort as part 2 of your process. One
allows you to learn what goes together, while 2 allows you to really test out your labels
to see if they are intuitive to your participants.

How to Conduct a Card Sort 

2021 UI/UX (LAB)

6 Dr. Misbahul Fajri, ST., MTI
Biro Bahan Ajar E-learning dan MKCU
http://pbael.mercubuana.ac.id/
Prepare the cards
1. Create your list of content topics. Topics can be phrases or words, very specific or
more general. As a suggestion, limit yourself to 50-60 topics or less. This means there
might not be a card to sort for every page on the site.
 For a new site, list the content topics of types of information that you are
likely to have on the site
 For an existing site, list the most important / popular types of content
 To create this list:
o Review the content listed in your content inventory.
o Identify the most important or most frequently used content
2. Decide whether you will be doing a physical card sort or using online card-sorting
software.
 If you are using online card-sorting software, consult the software
instructions.
 If you will be conducting a card sort using physical cards, write each topic
on a separate index card.
o Use self-adhesive labels and a word processor. The cards will be
neat, legible, and consistent. You'll have the list of topics in the computer for
later analysis.
o Number the cards in the bottom corner or on the back. This helps
you when you begin to analyze the cards.
o Have blank cards available for participants to add topics and to
name the groups they make when they sort the cards.
o Consider using a different colored card for having participants name
the groups.

Set-up the session

1. Plan about one hour for each session, longer if you have many cards.
2. Arrange the space.
 For paper card sorts, ensure the participant has enough room to spread the
cards out on a table or tack/tape them up on a wall. A conference room works well.
 For online card-sorts, ensure there is a computer with an internet
connection available as well as room for both the participant(s) and facilitator to sit
comfortably.

2021 UI/UX (LAB)

7 Dr. Misbahul Fajri, ST., MTI
Biro Bahan Ajar E-learning dan MKCU
http://pbael.mercubuana.ac.id/
3. Plan to have the facilitator or another usability team member take notes as the
participant works and thinks aloud.
4. As with other techniques, arrange for payment or other incentives to thank the
participant for spending the time and effort helping you.

Lead the session

1. Show the participant the set of cards. Explain that you are asking for help to find
what categories of information should be on the site's homepage and what those
categories should be called.
 In an open card sort, explain that you want to see what groupings of cards
make sense to the participant, and that you will ask for a name for each group of
cards once the participant has grouped them.
If you are conducting a closed card sort, explain that you want to see how the
participant thinks the cards fit within the defined groups.
2. Ask the participant to talk out loud while working. You want to understand the
participant's thoughts, rationale, and frustrations.
3. Let the participant work. Minimize interruptions but encourage the participant to
think aloud. Allow the participant to:
 Add cards - for example, to indicate lateral hyperlinks or additional topics.
 Put cards aside to indicate topics the participant would not want on the site.
4. If, at the end, the participant has too many groups for the homepage, ask if some
of the groups could be combined.
5. Ask the participant to name each category.
 In an open card sort, give the participant a stack of different colored cards.
Ask the participant to use the colored card to name each group. Ask what words
the participant would expect to see on the homepage or second-level page that
would lead the participant to that particular group of content items.
 In a closed card sort, asking about word expectations, their final card
organization, and other follow up questions can provide valuable insight and
observations for your research.
6. At the end, thank the participant and give the payment or other gift if promised.

Remote sorting sessions

1. Create your list of content topics. Topics can be phrases, words, etc., and can be
very specific or more general. It might be tempting to have a card for every topic on
your site, but in this case, more might not be better. Consider the cognitive load on the

2021 UI/UX (LAB)

8 Dr. Misbahul Fajri, ST., MTI
Biro Bahan Ajar E-learning dan MKCU
http://pbael.mercubuana.ac.id/
 participant. You want them to be as on task for your first card as your last. As a
suggestion, limit yourself to 50-60 topics or less.
2. Prepare the cards according to the software instructions.
3. Email your participants a link to the study. Provide instructions for the sort
(whether open or closed) and let them know approximately how long the session
should take to complete.
4. If a comment box is available, urge participants to use the field to record any
observations or questions. While you will not be able to answer them in real time for
the participant, these comments can be useful for your analysis.
5. Thank the participant for his or her time and provide instructions for receiving
payment or other gift (if promised).

Analyze Your Data

1. Prepare your data for analysis.
 If you used online card-sorting software, consult the software instructions.
The software will analyze participant data in a variety of ways.
 If you used physical cards for the test, either photograph the sort or use the
numbers on the cards to quickly record what the participant did. Photograph or
write down the names the participant gave to each grouping and the numbers of
the cards the participant included under that name. Then you can reshuffle the
cards for the next session.
o Create a computer file for each session to gather a complete picture
of the detailed site map each user creates.
o Work from your original list of topics and move topics around to
recreate each participant's groupings and enter that participant's name for the
groupings.
o If you used a physical card sort, you can also take a photograph of
the finished card sort for reference later.
2. Analyze qualitative information based on user comments.
3. Analyze quantitative information based on:
 Which cards appeared together most often
 How often cards appeared in specific categories
4. For a less detailed analysis of the results, use your notes and recordings of the
participants' names and card numbers under each person's name to find
commonalities from different sessions.

2021 UI/UX (LAB)

9 Dr. Misbahul Fajri, ST., MTI
Biro Bahan Ajar E-learning dan MKCU
http://pbael.mercubuana.ac.id/
5. For a more detailed analysis, consider using an Excel spreadsheet to show the
relationship between the cards or use one of the available software programs to
analyze your data.
6. Pull together your findings in a report to share with your team and stakeholders.
After you analyze the data from card sorting, you should have useful information for
structuring the information architecture of the site. You should use the results of your card
sort to help you define the navigation of your site.

Best Practices for Card Sorts

 Limit the number of cards. It is tempting to want the participant to sort "ALL" of
your content, but be mindful of participant fatigue. We would recommend 30 to 40 at
the absolute outside, especially for an open sort.
 If possible, randomize the order of presentation so that each piece of content has
a chance to be sorted earlier in the session.
 Provide the participants with an estimate of how long the card sort will take before
beginning the session to help them better gauge the required time and effort.
 Consider the benefits of requiring participants to complete your sort. For an open
sort, if possible consider requiring them to sort the cards, but perhaps not to label
them, since that might be the more challenging part of the task, providing you have
limited your items as suggested.
 Consider an open sort as part 1 and a closed sort as part 2 of your process. One
allows you to learn what goes together, while 2 allows you to really test out your labels
to see if they are intuitive to your participants.

Daftar Pustaka
https://docs.google.com/document/d/
1V_9plV4rjZCjvpXitVkWc88IEzPacj9Bkxva2XeVek4/edit

https://www.usability.gov/how-to-and-tools/methods/card-sorting.html

2021 UI/UX (LAB)

10 Dr. Misbahul Fajri, ST., MTI
Biro Bahan Ajar E-learning dan MKCU
http://pbael.mercubuana.ac.id/
Daftar Pustaka

2021 UI/UX (LAB)

11 Dr. Misbahul Fajri, ST., MTI
Biro Bahan Ajar E-learning dan MKCU
http://pbael.mercubuana.ac.id/