Pamantasan ng Cabuyao

College of Health Allied Sciences

Department of Nursing

NCM-119
Nursing Leadership &
Management
Gilbert C. Bagsic, PhDN, RN
Professor
Part time Faculty
Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
College of Health Allied Sciences
Department of Nursing

Week 2:
Leadership and
Management Concepts and
Theories
Gilbert C. Bagsic, PhDN, RN
Professor
Part time Faculty
 At the end of the session, all students shall
Learning be able to:
Objectives:
• Familiarize on the different concepts of
leadership and management more
specifically the different leadership and
management theories
 Outline of topic discussion are as follows:
Topic A. Concepts of Leadership and
Outline:
Management
1 Definition
2 Leadership versus Management
B. Leadership Theories
C. Management Theories
Concepts of Leadership
and Management
 Leadership/Leader Management/ Manager
Leadership: Management:
• the process of influence in which the • Art of getting things done thru people
leader influences others toward goal
achievement • Process that involves guidance,
direction of a group of people toward
• is the effort to envision and inspire organizational goals or objectives
change
• Process thru which the objectives of
• Process of influencing the behavior or an organization are accomplished by
actions of a person or group to attain utilizing human, physical and technical
desired objectives resources. (5M’s, )

• A dynamic, interactive process that • The process by which the elements of

involves three dimensions: leader, management are being practiced.
follower and the situation

Leader: Manager:
• the one who leads, conducts or guides • A person that creates and maintains
the process an internal environment in an
enterprise in which individual work
together as a group
The main difference between
leaders and managers is that
leaders have people follow
them while managers have
people who work for them.

A successful organization needs

to have both a strong leader and
manager to get their team on
board to follow them towards their
vision of success.
Think about this:
It is important to remember though that a job title alone
does not make a person a leader. Only a person’s
behavior determines if he or she holds a leadership role.

The manager is the person who brings things about—

the one who accomplishes, has the responsibility, and
conducts.

A leader is the person who influences and guides

direction, opinion, and course of action.
Leadership Theories
Leadership
Theories What makes a person a Leader?
 I. The Great Man Theory(1840’s)

• “Great leaders are born, not

made”
• The great man theory of
Leadership leadership became popular during
Theories the 19th century.
• In many examples, it seems as if
the right man for the job seems to
emerge almost magically to take
control of a situation and lead a
group of people into safety or
success.
• Thomas Carlyle
Kendra(2020)
 II. Trait Theories ((1930s - 1940s)

*leaders are born with inherited tasks

*envisioning goals, affirming values
serving as a symbol
Leadership A 5-year study of 90 outstanding
Theories leaders by Warren Bennis (1984)
identified four common traits shared
by all of these leaders. These trats
continue to hold true:

1. Management of attention
2. Management of meaning
3. Management of trust
4. Management of self
 II. Trait Theories
Traits of a Leader
• Intelligence: judgment, knowledge
and fluency of speech

Leadership • Personality: adaptability, alertness,

creativity, cooperativeness, personal
Theories integrity, self confidence, emotional
balance and control, independence

• Abilities: ability to enlist cooperation,

popularity and prestige,
sociability/interpersonal skills, social
participation, tact and diplomacy
 III. Behavioral Theories
(1930s - 1940s)
• The behavioral theories are
concerned with what the leader
does.
Leadership • One of the most influential
theories is concerned with
Theories leadership style (White & Lippitt,
1960)

Leadership Styles:
• Autocratic leadership
• Democratic leadership
• Laissez-faire leadership
Leadership
Theories
Leadership
Theories
Leadership
Theories
Leadership
Theories
 IV. Situational Theory (1960’s)

• Depends on the level of the

maturity of individual
• Task behavior in relation to
Leadership readiness
• The best action of leader
Theories depends on range of situational
factors. 1. motivation, w.
capability of followers, 3.
performance of leader and
follower, 4. attitudes, needs and
expectations
 V. Path Goal Theory (1971)

• Developed by Robert House

• a leader's behavior is contingent

Leadership to the satisfaction, motivation
and performance of their
Theories employees

• It is the leader's job to assist

followers in attaining goals and
to provide the direction and
support needed to ensure that
their goals are compatible with
the organization's goals.
 VI. Charismatic Theory (1970’s)

• Max Weber

• Leader inspires others by obtaining

Leadership emotional commitment from
followers and by arousing feelings of
Theories loyalty & enthusiasm

• this leaders have strong conviction &

high self confidence & followers has
the similar belief with the charismatic
leader thus showing signs of
unquestioning acceptance &
obedience
 VII. Transactional Leadership Theory
(1970s)

• The thought that people follow

Leadership leaders based on 'transactions'
inside a mix of rewards, incentives &
Theories punishments .

• Transactional leadership involves

motivating and directing followers
primarily through appealing to their
own self-interest.
 VIII. Transformational Leadership
Theory (1970s)
• James MacGregor

• The thought that leaders gain the

Leadership commitment of others by inspiring,
encouraging & caring for them.
Theories
• transformational leadership
enhances the motivation, morale and
performance of followers through a
variety of mechanisms.

• Connects the followers with the goals

of the group or organization
 Qualities of an Effective Nursing
Leader

Leadership
Theories
 Behaviors of an Effective Nursing
Leader

Leadership
Theories
Management Theories
 Management Theories

• There are two major but opposing

schools of thought in management:
scientific management and the human
Management relations–based approach.
Theories
• As its name implies, the human-relations
approach emphasizes the interpersonal
aspects of managing people,

• whereas scientific management

emphasizes the task aspects.
 Scientific Management Theorist
(Taylorism)

A. Frederick Taylor (1865-1915)

• Focused on the best way to do a task”
• Frederick Taylor (1865-1915) the Father
Management
Theories of Scientific Management
• Most jobs could be done more efficiently
if they were analyzed thoroughly
• With a well-designed task and enough
• Incentive to get the work done, workers
could be more productive
• Monistic Theory
 B. Frank (1868-1924) & Lilian Gilbreth (m.
1904–1924)

• Job simplification and work standards

Management • Incentive wage plan on work
Theories performance.
• Used time and motion studies to cut out
unnecessary motions to speed up work.
• Lilian Gilbreth was known as the First
Lady of Management.
 C. Henry Laurence Gant (1878-
1972)

• He was a disciple of Frederick

Taylor
Management
Theories • He was also concerned with
problems of efficiency
• Developed the Gantt Chart
which depicts the work planed
and the amount of time needed
or used.
Management
Theories
 D. Henri Fayol ( 1841-1925)

• Father of Modern management

theory
• Studied the functions of
Management
Theories managers and concluded that
management is universal.
• Established the Functions and
14 Principles of management
 Functions of Management

PLANNING

Management
Theories
MANAGEMENT ORGANIZING
CONTROLLING

DIRECTING
Management
Theories
 Human Relations Theory

• Also known as Humanistic and

Neoclassical Theory
Management • This theory gives emphasis on
Theories individual’s (human) behavior in an
organization
• Elton Mayo (1880-1949), is the founder
of Human relations Theory
 Human Relations Theory

A. Chester Barnard ( 1886-1961)

• Job simplification and work
standards
Management
Theories B. Marry Follet (1868-1933)
• Importance of psychological and
sociological aspects of
management
• Importance of emotions and
perceptions of individuals in the
organization
 Scientific Management & Human
Relations Compared:
Scientific Mgmt: Human Relations:
• Focuses on • Focuses on
improvements in
improvements in
organizations
Management effectiveness by organizations
Theories systematically improving effectiveness by
the efficiency of tasks improving the Human
completion by utilizing Relations at work.
scientific analysis. • Interpersonal
• Physical and economic
relationships of the
conditions present within
the organization people in the
organization
 Motivational Theory

• Abraham Maslow (1908-1970),

Need of Hierarchy Theory

Management • Motivator refers to the factor

Theories (needs) that is to be satisfied. When
a need is already satisfied it is not
considered as motivator anymore

• Stated that a lower-level need is

prerequisite, or controls behavior
until it is satisfied, and then the next
higher need energizes and directs
behavior
 EX: Developing one’s potential

EX: Recognition, appreciation, respect

Management
Theories
EX: (love and Belongingness) ex: Family
Love, Affection

EX: Bodily safety, environmental safety

EX: Hunger, Thirst

 Theory X and Theory Y

• The X and Y theory was

Management conceptualized by Douglas
Theories McGregor (1932-?) and was based
on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
 THEORY X
• Theory X assumes that people
are inherently lazy and will
avoid work if they can.
Management
Theories • As a result of this
management belief, workers
are needed to be closely
supervised.
• Theory X managers rely
heavily on Threat and
Coercion.
THEORY Y
• Theory Y assumes that that
people are inherently ambitious
and self motivated. Work is a
source of satisfaction.
• As a result of this management
belief, workers are just generally
supervised.
• Theory Y managers uses
positive incentives such as
praise and recognition.
 Behaviors of an Effective Manager

Management
Theories
 Behaviors of an Effective Manager

Management
Theories
 Behaviors of an Effective Manager

Management
Theories
Management
Theories
 Conclusions:

Nurse managers have complex, responsible positions in health-

Management care organizations.
Theories
Ineffective managers may do harm to their employees, their
patients, and to the organization, and effective managers can
help their staff members grow and develop as health-care
professionals while providing the highest quality care to their
patients.
Seatwork
 Seatwork:
1. Choose 1 leadership theory and 1 management theory that you think
that will be very useful to you as a future nursing leader and nurse
manager.
2. Leadership Theory:
Individual State your main reason why did you choose it. Please state the
Activity positive and negative points of your chosen theory. Elaborate.
Not less than 200 words and not more words per explanation.
Management Theory
State your main reason why did you choose it. Please state the
positive and negative points of your chosen theory. Elaborate.
Not less than 200 words and not more words per explanation.
3. Accomplish it using MS word and submit it in our MS teams.
Assignment post will be posted for this.
4. Submit today, August 27, 2022 Before 10:00PM
 Use the following Specifications:
A4
Arial narrow
Justified
Front page logo of PNC and CHAS
Name of Student mid lower part
Individual Line spacing 1.5
Activity Black font