AP EUROPEAN HISTORY

The French Revolution

(1789 – 1815)

“Liberty Leading the People”

By
Eugene Delacroix

Palmer Chapters 9 & 10

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Chapters 9 & 10
FRENCH REVOLUTION
MODERATE PHASE
41. Background (pp. 350- 355):
1. What features of the agrarian and manorial system of the Old Regime were survivals of the feudal
age?

2. Describe the Three Estates of France

3. Describe the condition of people in the Third Estate below the commercial and professional
families?

42. The Revolution and Reorganization of France (pp.350-370):

1. How did the financial crisis facing the French government lead to the revolution?

2. What led to the creation of the National Assembly?

3. What major principles were announced in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen? What
might be said of the rights of women in the Revolutionary era?

4. How did the Assembly overhaul the institutions of the Old Regime?

5. Describe the government created in the Constitution of 1791.

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6. Describe the legislation introduced by the Constituent Assembly with respect to
a. Public finances

b. Church lands

c. Guilds and other labor organizations

7. Discuss the nature and the consequences of the religious measures adopted by the Constituent
Assembly

43. The Revolution and Europe: The War and the “Second” Revolution, 1792 (pp.
370-374):
1. What were the reactions of the various European governments to the revolutionary events in France?

2. How did the Declaration of Pillnitz affect developments in France? Why did various groups in
France favor war?

3. Why may the insurrection of August 10, 1792, be called the “second” French Revolution?

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FRENCH REVOLUTION
RADICAL PHASE: THE TERROR
44. The Emergency Republic, 1792 – 1795: The Terror (pp.374-383):
1. Explain the political division that developed inside the Convention.

2. Of what significance was the execution of the King? The insurrection of May 31, 1793?

3. How may the loss of lives in “the Terror” be distinguished from the loss of lives in other ways
during the Revolution?

4. Describe the events and significance of 9 Thermidor. What developments took place in the months
that followed?

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FRENCH REVOLUTION
CONSERVATIVE PHASE
45. The Constitutional Republic: The Directory (pp.383-388):
1. Describe the Directory.

2. Why might Napoleon Bonaparte have been disturbed by the elections of 1797?

3. Of what significance was the Treaty of Luneville?

4. Discuss the military and political circumstances the prepared the way for Bonaparte’s seizure of
power.

46. The Authoritarian Republic: The Consulate (pp.389-394):

1. Evaluate the personality, talents, and political ideas of Napoleon.

2. Describe the government of the Consulate? Where did real authority reside?

3. Describe and evaluate the major reforms introduced by Napoleon

a. In law and administration

b. In public finance and taxation

c. In church-state relations.

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NAPOLEON’S EMPIRE
47. Background (pp. 395 - 404):
1. How and why did the First Coalition against Napoleon break up? Second Coalition?

2. Explain the origins, purpose, and nature of Napoleon’s Continental System. What effect did
Napoleon’s setbacks in Spain have on other parts of Europe?

3. In what sense was the Napoleonic Empire at its height in the years 1809 – 1811?

48. The Grand Empire: Spread of the Revolution (pp.404 – 409):

1. Describe the territory dominated by Napoleon at the height of his influence.

2. How did Napoleon use his family as a means of rule?

3. What justification is there for considering Napoleon a reformer and a man of the Enlightenment? In
what sense were the main principles of the French Revolution spread throughout Europe by
Napoleon?

49. The Continental System (pp. 409-414):

1. Describe Napoleon’s efforts to find a basis other than force for the unification of Europe.

2. In what basic way did the British blockade and Napoleon’s Continental System resemble each other?

3. Explain the objective of Napoleon’s Continental System with respect to the economy of Continental
Europe.

4. What were the chief reasons for the failure of Continental System?

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CONGRESS OF VIENNA
51. The Congress of Vienna (pp.421-431):
1. What factors made everything go wrong in Napoleon’s invasion of Russia in 1812?

2. Explain the nature of the “first” Treaty of Paris.

3. Describe the principal territorial arrangements adopted at the Congress of Vienna.

What attitudes were taken toward the peace settlement by

a. Prussia

b. Russia

c. Great Britain

d. Austria

4. Why did so many of the French people rally to Napoleon upon his return?

5. How would you evaluate the accomplishments and failures of the Peace of Vienna?

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Identify:
Who? What? Where? When

1. First Estate 21. National Convention

2. Second Estate 22. Sans-culottes
3. Third Estate 23. “Reign of Terror”
4. Estates-General 24. Maximilien Robespierre
5. National Assembly 25. Committee of Public Safety
6. Tennis Court Oath 26. Levee en masse
7. Storming of the Bastille 27. Constitution of 1793
8. Great Fear of 1789 28. “Thermidorian reaction”
9. Declarations of the Rights of Man and 29. Treaty of Luneville
Citizen 30. Concordat of 1801
10. March on Versailles 31. Code Napoleon
11. Jacobin 32. Battle of Trafalgar
12. Constitution of 1791 33. Austerlitz
13. Girondins 34. Confederation of the Rhine
14. Brunswick Manifesto 35. Peninsular War
15. Marseillaise 36. Prince Metternich
16. The Directory 37. Battle of Waterloo
17. Constitution of 1795 38. Hundred Days
18. Treaty of Campo Forino 39. Holy Alliance
19. Second Coalition 40. Concert of Europe
20. Coup d’etat of Brumaire

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