Hero’s Day

On 10 November, Indonesia celebrates Hari Pahlawan or Heroes Day in remembrance

of the Battle of Surabaya which started on that very date in the year 1945. The bloody
battle took place because Indonesians refused to surrender their weaponry to British
army. British Army at that time was part of the Allied Forces. The defiant Bung Tomo
is the well-known revolutionary leader who played a very important role in this battle.
It all started because of a misunderstanding between British troops in Jakarta and
those in Surabaya, under the command of Brigadier A.W.WS. Mallaby. Brigadier
Mallaby already had an agreement with Governor of East Java Mr. Surya. The
agreement stated that British would not ask Indonesian troops and militia to surrender
their weapons.

However, a British plane from Jakarta dropped leaflets all over Surabaya. The leaflet
told Indonesians to do otherwise on 27 October 1945. This action angered the
Indonesian troops and militia leaders because they felt betrayed.
On 30 October 1945, Brigadier Mallaby was killed as he was approaching the British
troops’ post near Jembatan Merah or Red Bridge, Surabaya. There were many reports
about the death, but it was widely believed that the Brigadier was murdered by
Indonesian militia. Looking at this situation, Lieutenant General Sir Philip Christison
brought in reinforcements to siege the city.

In the early morning of 10 November 1945, British troops began to advance into
Surabaya with cover from both naval and air bombardment. Although the Indonesians
defended the city heroically, the city was conquered within 3 days and the whole
battle lasted for 3 weeks. In total, between 6,000 and 16,000 Indonesians died while
casualties on the British side were about 600 to 2000.
Battle of Surabaya caused Indonesia to lose weaponry which hampered the country’s
independence struggle. However, the battle provoked Indonesian and international
mass to rally for the country’s independence which made this battle especially
important for Indonesian national revolution.
Soal Pilihan Ganda

1. What is the passage about?

a. about the battle of Surabaya
b. about the leaflet of Indonesia
c. about the story of surabaya
d. about the biography of Brigadier Mallaby
e. about the strong British troops

2. When did the battle take place?

a. 10 November 1945
b. 27 October 1945
c. 3 days after 10 November 1945
d. 3 weeks before 27 October 1945
e. after Indonesians surrender their weaponry to British army

3. Where did it happen?

a. in Surabaya
b. in Jakarta
c. in the sea of surabaya
d. in the land of Jakarta
e. in the air of surabaya

4. What caused the battle?

a. British supported Indonesia to attack NICA
b. British asked Indonesian troops and militia to surrender their weapons
c. The militia refused to signt the agreement
d. The Indonesia troop is very strong army in that time
e. Indonesia lose weaponry

5. What do think about the Indonesian military power compared to that of the British
army at that time?
a. The Indonesian troop was more powerful and more modern
b. The British Army was more powerful and modern
c. Indonesian artmy has had more complete weaponry
d. Surabaya was only attacked from the sea.
e. Surabaya was only attacked from the air.

6. What made the Indonesians dare to face the British army military aggression?
a. Indonesia liked fighting
b. Indonesia misunderstood about the power of British army
c. Indonesia wanted to be remmbered as hereos in the Battle of Surabaya
d. The spirit to defend the country’s independence encouraged Indonesia
e. Indonesia needed the aggressor.
7. Did the Indonesian lose or win the battle? Why do you think so?
a. Yes, Indonesia did
b. Yes, Indonesia does
c. yes, Indonesia do
d. No, Indonesia didn’t
e. No, Indonesia did

8. How did the battle influence the national revolution at that time?
a. The battle provoked international communities to rally to support the independence
movement of Indonesia.
b. The battle did not provoke international communities to rally to support the
independence movement of Indonesia.
c. The battle provokes international communities to rally to support the independence
movement of Indonesia.
d. The battle had provoked international communities to rally to support the
independence movement of Indonesia.
e. The battle had provoke international communities to rally to support the
independence movement of Indonesia.

9. Who was the prominent figure in the battle?

a. Governor of East Java
b. Mr. Surya
c. Brigadier Mallaby
d. Sir Philip Christison
e. Bung Tomo

10. Describe in one word the Indonesians who defended their city at that time.
a. lazy
b. fearless
c. courageous
d. relaxed
e. braveless
Kunci Jawaban

1. A
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. B
6. D
7. A
8. A
9. E
10. C