CONTENT

CONTENT .................................................................................................................................................................. 1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................................................................................................................................ 2
INTRODUCTION TO LOCOMOTIVE............................................................................................................. 3
ABOUT INDIAN RAILWAYS ............................................................................................................................ 4
HISTORY OF RAIL TRANSPORT ININDIA ..................................................................................................... 5
UNDER THE BRITISH RULE............................................................................................................................. 5
THE LINKING OF INDIAN RAILWAYS ........................................................................................................... 6
START OF INDIAN RAILWAYS ....................................................................................................................... 7
TECHNICAL DETAILS OF INDIAN RAILWAYS ............................................................................................. 8
LOCOMOTIVES IN INDIA ................................................................................................................................. 9
INTRODUCTION TO ROLLER BEARING, ITSOVERHAULIC & ASSEMBLY PROCESS:...................................11
Bearing Used In Railways: ......................................................................................................................................11
Classification of Bearings: .......................................................................................................................................12
Depending upon the type of friction: ........................................................................................................................12
Types of Rolling Contact Bearings: .........................................................................................................................13
Inner Ring / Outer Ring: ..........................................................................................................................................16
Cage: ......................................................................................................................................................................17
Material of Wheel ...................................................................................................................................................19
Material of Wheel ...................................................................................................................................................19
RAILWAY WHEELS .................................................................................................................................................20
Tyre ........................................................................................................................................................................21
Axles ......................................................................................................................................................................21
Press fit of wheel on axles ........................................................................................................................................22
Press fit of wheel on axles ........................................................................................................................................23
Worn Wheel Profile ..................................................................................................................................................23
ROLLER BEARING MAINTENANCE IN WORKSHOP: ..........................................................................................24
Periodicity of Inspection of Roller Bearing: .................................................................................................................24
Inspection of the Roller Bearing in MountedPosition in Workshops: ............................................................................25
Bearing should be rejected for the following defects: ...................................................................................................26
Dismounting of bearing: ..............................................................................................................................................26
Inspection of other Roller Bearing Components inshop:...............................................................................................28
Bearing Mounting: ......................................................................................................................................................29
Mounting of Spherical Roller Bearing and Axle BoxComponents: ..............................................................................30
INDUCTION HEATING SYSTEM: ...........................................................................................................................32
The induction heater should be equipped with : ........................................................................................................32
CONCLUSION ..........................................................................................................................................................33
REFERENCES ...........................................................................................................................................................34
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity my sincere thanks and deep gratitude to all these
people who extended their whole hearted co-operation and helped me in
completing this project successfully.

First of all I would like to thanks all the S.S.E. and J.E. of all
the sections for creating opportunities to undertake me in this esteemed
organization. Special thanks to all the department for all the help and
guidance extended to me by them in every stage during my training . His
inspiring suggestions and timely guidance enabled me to perceive the
various aspects of the project in the new light.

In all I found a congenial work environment in

LOCOMOTIVE WORKSHOP , CHARBAGH LUCKNOW and this
completion of the project will mark a new beginning for me in the
coming days.
 INTRODUCTION TO LOCOMOTIVE
WORKSHOP, LUCKNOW

This Locomotive Workshop was established by the princely state of Oudh &
Rohilkhand Railway (O&RR) at Lucknow in 1867. After about sixty years, that
is in the year 1925 the O&RR was taken over by the Eastern Indian Railway
(EIR) along with all assets and liabilities. Subsequently in 1952 the EIR merged
with Northern Railway. In order to attain the optimal degree of productivity a lot
of changes of product mix have been witnessed in this workshop over the last 140
years. Currently, the periodical overhauling (POH) and maintenance of diesel
locomotives like WDM-2, WDM-3A and WDM-3D is done in the workshop.
 ABOUT INDIAN RAILWAYS
Indian Railways abbreviated as IR is the central government-owned
railway company of India, which owns and operates most of the country's
rail transport .It is overseen by the Ministry of Railways of the Government
of India. Indian Railways is administered by the Railway Board, which has
a financial commissioner, five members and a chairman.

Indian Railways has more than 64,215 kilometres (39,901 miles) of track
and 7,083 stations. It has the world's fourth largest railway network after
those of the United States, Russia and China. The railways traverse the
length and breadth of the country and carry over 30 million passengers and
2.8 million tons of freight daily. It is one of the world's largest commercial
or utility employers ,with more than 1.6 million employees. As to rolling
stock, IR owns over 230,000 (freight) wagons, 60,000 coaches and 9,000
locomotives.

Railways were first introduced to India in 1853. By 1947, the year of

India's independence, there were forty-two rail systems. In 1951 the
systems were nationalised as one unit, becoming one of the largest
networks in the world. IR operates both long distance and suburban rail
systems on a multi-gauge network of broad, metre and narrow gauges. It
alsoowns locomotive and coach production facilities.
 HISTORY OF RAIL TRANSPORT IN
INDIA
The history of rail transport in India began in the mid-nineteenth century. In
1849, there was not a single kilometer of railway line in India. By 1929,
there were 41,000 miles of railway line serving every district in the country.
At that point of time, the railways represented a capital value of some 687
million sterling, and they carried over 620 millions of passengers and
approximately 90million tons of goods each year. The railways In India were
a group of privately owned companies. The military engineers of the
Honorable East India Company, later of the British Indian Army,
contributed to the birth and growth of the railways which gradually became
the responsibility of civilian technocrats and engineers.

UNDER THE BRITISH RULE

A rail system in India was first proposed in 1832 in Madras but it never
materialised. In the 1840s, other proposals were forwarded to the British
East India Company who governed India. In 1832 a proposal was made to
build a railroad between Madras and Bangalore, and in 1836 a survey was
conducted for this line.

On September 22, 1842, British civil engineer Charles Blacker Vignoles,

submitted a Report on a Proposed Railway in India to the East India
Company. By 1845, two companies, the East Indian Railway Company
operating from Calcutta, and the Great Indian Peninsula Railway (GIPR)
operating from Bombay, were formed. The first train in India was
operationalon December 22,
1851, used for the hauling of construction material in Roorkee. A few
months later, on April 16, 1853, the first passenger train between Bori
Bunder, Bombay and Thane covering a distance of 34 km (21 miles) was
inaugurated, formally heralding the birth of railways in India. And then the
first passenger railway line in North India opened from Allahabad and
Kanpur on March 3, 1859. This was followed in 1889, by the Delhi -
Ambala - Kalka line.

The East Indian Railway Company's Chief Engineer George Turnbull built
the first railway from Calcutta (the then commercial capital of India). It
opened for passenger traffic from Howrah station to Hooghly on 15 August
1854. The 541miles (871 kilometers) to Benares opened to passenger traffic
in December 1862.

THE LINKING OF INDIAN RAILWAYS

Robert Maitland Brereton, a British engineer was responsible for the
expansion of the railways from 1857 onwards. The Allahabad-Jubbulpore
branch line of the East Indian Railway had been opened in June 1867.
Brereton was responsible for linking this with the Great Indian Peninsula
Railway, resulting in a combined network of 6,400 km (4,000 miles). Hence
it became possible to travel directly from Bombay to Calcutta. This route
was officially opened on 7th March 1870 and it was part of the inspiration
for French writer Jules Verne's book Around the World in Eighty Days. By
1875, about £95 million were invested by British companies in Indian
guaranteed railways.

By 1880 the network had a route mileage of about 14,500 km (9,000 miles),
mostly radiating inward from the three major port cities of Bombay,
Madras and Calcutta. By 1895, India had started building its own
locomotives, and in 1896 sent engineers and locomotives to help build the
Uganda Railways.
In 1900, the GIPR became a government owned company. The network
spread to the modern-day states of Assam, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh
and soon various independent kingdoms began to have their own rail
systems. In 1901, an early Railway Board was constituted, but the powers
were formally invested under Lord Curzon. It served under the Department
of Commerce and Industry and had a government railway official serving as
chairman. For the first time in its history, the Railways began to make a
profit.

In 1907 almost all the rail companies were taken over by the government.
The following year, the first electric locomotive made its appearance. With
the arrival of World War, I, the railways were used to meet the needs of the
British outside India. With the end of the war, the railways were in a state
ofdisrepair and collapse.

In 1920, with the network having expanded to 61,220 km, a need for central
management was mooted by Sir William Acworth. Based on the East India
Railway Committee chaired by Acworth, the government took over the
management of the Railways and detached the finance of the Railways
from other governmental revenues.The period between 1920 and 1929 was
a period of economic boom. Following the Great Depression, the company
suffered economically for the next eight years. The Second World War
severely crippled the railways. Trains were diverted to the Middle East and
the railways workshops were converted to ammunitions workshops. By 1946
all rail systems had been taken over by the government.

START OF INDIAN RAILWAYS

Following independence in 1947, India inherited a decrepit rail network.
About40 per cent of the railways then passed through the newly independent
republic of Pakistan. A large number of lines had to be rerouted through
Indian Territory, and new construction had to be undertaken.
Underinvestment and unproductive
management and maintenance practices have sharply curtailed growth in
route length. A total of forty-two separate railway systems, including thirty-
two lines owned by the former Indian princely states existed at the time of
independence spanning a total of 55,000 km. These were amalgamated into
the Indian Railways.

In 1951, the rail networks were abandoned in favour of zones. A total of six
zones came into being in 1952. As India developed its economy, almost all
railway production units started to be built indigenously. Broad Gauge
became the standard, and the Railways began to electrify most lines to AC.

In 1985, steam locomotives were phased out. Under Rajiv Gandhi, reforms
in the railways were carried out. In 1987, computerisation of reservation
first was carried out in Bombay and in 1989 the train numbers were
standardised to four digits. In 1995 the entire railway reservation was
computerised through the railway's intranet. In 1998, the Konkan Railway
was opened, spanning difficult terrain through the Western Ghats. A
Kolkata Metro has been built, and was followed by the Delhi Metro, with
many other rapid transit systems under construction or planning. Now in
India the longest super fast train is between Thiruvananthapuram to
Guwahati. Its distance is nearly 3000 km.

TECHNICAL DETAILS OF INDIAN RAILWAYS

TRACK AND GAUGE:
Indian railways uses four gauges, the 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge
which is wider than the 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge;
the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) metre gauge; and two narrow
gauges, 762 mm (2 ft 6 in) and 610 mm (2 ft) . Track sections are rated for
speeds ranging from 75 to 160 km/h (47 to 99 mph).
The total length of track used by Indian Railways was about 114,000 km
(71,000 mi) while the total route length of the network was 64,215 km
(39,901mi) on 31 March 2011. About 33% of the route-kilometre and 44%
of the total track kilometre was electrified on 31 March 2011.

LOCOMOTIVES IN INDIA
Locomotives in India consist of ELECTRIC and DIESEL locomotives.
STEAM locomotives are no longer used, except in heritage trains.
Locomotive sare also called locos or engines.

CLASSIFICATION OF LOCOMOTIVES:
In India, locomotives are classified according to their track gauge, motive
power, the work they are suited for and their power or model number. The
class name includes this information about the locomotive. It comprises 4 or
5letters.
The first letter denotes the track gauge. The second letter denotes their
motive power (Diesel or Electric) and the third letter denotes the kind of
traffic for which they are suited (goods, passenger, mixed or shunting).

The fourth letter used to denote locomotives' chronological model

number. However, from 2002 a new classification scheme has been
adopted. Under this system, for newer diesel locomotives, the fourth letter
will denote their horsepower range. Electric locomotives don't come under
this scheme and evenall diesel locos are not covered.

A locomotive may sometimes have a fifth letter in its name which

generally denotes a technical variant or subclass or subtype. This fifth
letter indicates some smaller variation in the basic model or series,
perhaps different motors, or a different manufacturer. With the new
scheme for classifying diesel locomotives the fifth item is a letter that
further refines the horsepower indication in 100 hp increments: 'A' for 100
hp, 'B' for 200 hp, 'C' for 300 hp, etc. So in this scheme, a WDM-3A
refers to a 3100 hp loco, while a WDM-3Fwould be a 3600 hp loco.
 INTRODUCTION TO ROLLER BEARING, ITS
OVERHAULING & ASSEMBLY PROCESS:

A Bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to

only the desired motion, and reduces friction between moving parts.
The design of the bearing may, for example, provide for free linear
movement of the moving part or for free rotation around a fixed
axis; or, it may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of
normal forces that bear on the moving parts. Most bearings facilitate
the desired motion by minimizing friction.

Bearing Used In Railways:

They are mainly grease lubricated cylindrical roller bearings and are
used to support axle or wheel set of the locomotives and armature of
traction motors. Thus these bearings carries the weight of the
locomotive by allowing free movement to the wheels.
For railway systems, Bearings operating at high speeds, to achieve
high durability and minimal maintenance requirements. Through
research and development, their performance has been adapted to
meet the high requirements of modern rail vehicles.
Classification of Bearings:

Depending upon the direction of the force:

 Radial Bearing: Radial bearing supports the load which is

perpendicular to the axis of the shaft.
 Thrust Bearing: Thrust bearing supports the load which acts
along the axis of the shaft.

Depending upon the type of friction:

Sliding Contact Bearing:

In this type of bearings, the surface of the shaft slides over the
surface of the bush. To prevent friction, both surfaces are separated
by a thin film of lubricating oil. Generally, Bush is made from
bronze or white metal.
Example: Plain bearing, journal bearing, sleeve bearing.

Rolling Contact Bearing or Anti-Friction Bearing:

Here rolling friction comes into play. This bearing is also called
anti-friction bearing as friction is negligible which is in range of
0.005 to 0.003 fR.C.
Example: Bearings used in automobile axle, gearbox, machine tool
spindles, small electric motor.
Types of Rolling Contact Bearings:

Deep Groove Ball Bearing:

In this type of bearings, the radius of the ball is slightly less than the
radius of curvature of the groove. This creates point contact. Thus
friction is less and so it can be used in high-speed applications. Due
to low friction, temperature rise and the noise level is also low. It
can take axial as well as radial loads.

Cylindrical Roller Bearing:

These bearing are used where high load carrying capacity is
required. Here rolling elements are cylindrical in shape instead of
balls as in deep groove ball bearing. It gives line contact and same
as previous case friction loss is less so it can be used in the high
sped application. This bearing can not take thrust load.
Angular Contact Bearing:
This type of bearing is designed in such a way that line of reaction at
the point of contacts for a ball at the inner race and outer race, make
an angle with the axis of the bearing. Due to this, it can take the
radial and axial loads simultaneously.

Self-Aligning Bearing:
In this type of bearing, the external surface of the bearing bush is
made spherical. The centre of this spherical surface is at the centre
of the bearing so it can align itself with the journal. It is used to
compensate any misalignment. It can take both radial and axial
loads.
Taper Roller Bearing:
Here rolling elements are rollers. They are arranged in such a way that
axes of individual rolling elements intersect at a common point at the
axis of the bearing. This is for the pure rolling motion.Two bearings
are required to take axial loads.
This type of bearings is commonly used in automobile, railway and
machine tools.

Thrust Ball Bearing:

Thrust ball bearing consist two row of balls. Balls, inner and outer
race are made from high carbon chromium steel while the roller is
made from case hardened steel. These bearings are generally used in
the gearbox.
Components:
Bearings typically consist of the following components:
 Two rings, inner and outer, with raceways.
 Rolling elements - rollers or balls.
 A cage which keeps the rolling elements separated and helps guide
motion.

Inner Ring / Outer Ring:

The inner and outer ring are typically made from a high-purity,
chrome alloy steel. This material has the necessary hardness and
purity important factors for high load ratings and a long service
life.

Inner Ring Outer Ring

Rolling Elements:
Rolling elements can be balls, rollers, cones, spheres or
needles. They are usually made from a special high-purity,
chrome alloy steel. Special materials such as ceramic and
plastics can also be produced.The rolling elements roll on the
raceways of the rings and are separated and guided by the
cage.
Cage:
The cage is responsible for keeping the rolling elements
separated while guiding them in motion. The materials used
include steel, brass and plastic. Solid metal cages can be
produced using machining techniques, while pressed cages are
made from sheet metal.

Rolling Element Cage

 Railway Wheels

• Railway wheel is assembly of two wheels fixed to the axle by

interference fit and they rotate along with the axle, without any
independent relative movement as in the case of other automobile
wheels.
• These wheels are provided with flange towards the inner side, which
guide the wheels to travel on the rails and does not
allow it to fall down from the rails.

ICF Coach Wheel LHB Coach Wheel

 Material of Wheel
• Steel made by Electric or Basic Oxygen process.
• Steel shall be of killed quality for forged steel.
• The max hydrogen content shall not exceed 3 ppm.
• The max nitrogen content shall not exceed 0.007%

Material of Wheel

Mechanical Properties of
Cast Wheel
.
 Railway Wheels
The wheel is better understood by
dividing it into the following parts.
• Hub
• Disc
• Tyre
 Tyre
 Tyre is the portion in contact with the rail, which wears out in
service.
 The profile of the tyre is significant for safe running of the trains.
 Taper is given on the tread to have higher diameter near the flange
and lower diameter at the outer edge, to facilitate curve negotiation.

Axles
13 t Axle for ICF coach
 16.25 t Axle for ICF coach

Press fit of wheel on axles

 Wheel disc is pressed to axle with interference fit (the bore of the
wheel should be 0.304 mm to 0.355 mm less than the outer dia of
the wheel seat on the Axle).
 Wheel Gauge should be in between 1599 and 1602 Mm.
 Axial off centre should be within 1.0 mm (wagon) & 0.8 mm
(coach).
 Radial off centre should be within 0.5 mm (wagon) & 0.25 mm
(coach).
 The Journals should be protected with bituminous black to
IS:9862.
 All Axles fitted by workshop during POH or despatched to depot
should be Ultrasonically tested.
 Press fit of wheel on axles
Hydraulic press is used for assembly of the wheel with a force
of 400 to 500 Kgs per mm dia of wheel seat (approximate force
used for different wheels are given below).

Worn Wheel Profile

80 % of the track in Indian Railways is having rails which are
already worn in service. Standard wheel profile running on these
tracks tend to wear to a specific profile within short time itself, and
further wear from this profile is very slow. Hence if the wheels are
turned initially to this worn wheel profile, it will increase the wheel
life by avoiding frequent re-profiling.
ROLLER BEARING MAINTENANCE IN WORK
SHOP:
Roller Bearing Maintenance Shop should be well equipped with all
the tools, equipment’s and facilities for careful bearing handling. It
should have proper workflow for easy maintenance of roller
bearings. Clean surroundings and dust free atmosphere should be
maintained in the shop. It should have adequate equipment and
facilities for cleaning, handling, dismounting/mounting, inspection,
repair and storage of roller bearings.

Periodicity of Inspection of Roller Bearing:

All roller bearings should be cleaned, inspected and re-lubricated
with fresh grease during each attention to the wheel set /bearings in
the workshop.

The roller bearings should be dismounted from the wheel set during
every alternate attention in the workshops for thorough inspection of
the components, rear cover and renewal of the felt sealing ring. The
wheel bearing should however necessarily be dismounted and
overhauled in case of any warranted out of course of attention in the
workshop.
Inspection of the Roller Bearing in Mounted
Position in Workshops:

Inspect the axle box housing visually and look for any
symptoms of grease oozing, if grease oozing is noticed then
dismount the bearing. If not, then follow remaining steps
mentioned below.
 Clean the exterior of axle box, front cover, axle box housing.
Remove axle box cover.
 Examine the grease for consistency, colour, contamination with
water, foreign particles etc.
 If grease is burnt or decolorized, then remove the bearing for
thorough investigation & its overhauling.
 If grease is in good condition then remove old grease, clean the
bearing with pressurized kerosene spray in position.
 Clearance should be measured in a mounted position with a long
feeler gauge simultaneously over both the rows of roller. The
blades of the feeler gauge should be inserted between the outer
ring and the unloaded rollers. While measuring the radial
clearance, the rollers should not be allowed to roll over the
blade.

 Then fresh grease of specified quantity (1.75 Kg) should be

packed between the rollers and the space between rear cover
 and the roller bearing. For this purpose, volumetric
containers having unique shape and size to be used.

 The locking plate should be fitted in position, the end

locking bolts tightened with a torque wrench to a correct
torque value as given below:
11 to 12 kg-m. For M 16 bolts.
15 to 16 kg-m For M 20 bolts.

Bearing should be rejected for the following defects:

 Pitted or flaked roller tracks and rollers.

 Cracked or deformed or badly worn out cage.
 Cracked inner or outer ring.
 Scored or damaged outer surface of the outer ring.
 Indentation on rings or rollers.
 Scoring of roller tracks or rollers.
 Rust/corrosion, damage or excessive fretting corrosion.

Dismounting of bearing:

 For dismounting roller bearings, a special hydraulic

dismounting extractor is used (see fig. 5.0). Following is the
procedure for dismounting of roller bearing - Oil is injected
between the journal and bore of the inner ring with high pressure,
which expands inner ring resulting in breaking of interference.
The bearing becomes loose on the journal and slides over it.

 All bearing components such as inner ring, outer ring,

rollers,cage are examined for cracks, damage and breakage. Roller
(track of outer ring) is examined by swiveling the outer ring.
 Inspection of roller bearings should be carried out under
sufficient light, using magnifying glass. If the bearing is found
free from all the defects mentioned above, the radial clearance
is measured with proper feeler gauge and compared with the
permissible limits prescribed by RDSO for different makes of
roller bearings.

 100% Zyglo testing of bearing to be carried out to detect

Minute/Micro cracks.
Inspection of other Roller Bearing Components in
shop:

The following components other than roller bearing should be

inspected during roller bearing maintenance in the workshop.

 Axle end holes

 End locking plates
 End locking bolts
 Retaining Ring
 Collar
 Felt ring
 Rear and Front Cover
 Axle box housing

Axle box housing

Bearing Mounting:

Axle Preparation:
Before mounting any part on the axle, it is very important to
examine each axle journal thoroughly and to qualify for its
correctness.

Measurement of Bearing Radial Clearance before Mounting:

Radial clearance (or diametric clearance) of each bearing must also
be checked and verified for its correctness, before mounting on axle.
Radial clearance must be within specified limits for satisfactory
performance of the bearing.
Mounting of Spherical Roller Bearing and Axle Box
Components:
Mounting and maintenance work must be done by qualified
personnel as per laid down procedures. When all necessary
preparation has been made, proceed for bearing mounting in the
manner described below:
Mounting of Labyrinth Ring (Collar):
The labyrinth ring (collar) has an interference fit on the journal, and
therefore requires heating for shrink fitting. Heat the labyrinth ring
up to a temperature of 1000 C max. If several labyrinth rings are to
be mounted a good method is to heat them in an oil bath.

Mounting of Rear Cover, Felt Seal & O-Ring:

Wipe and clean the rear cover and insert 4 nos. bolts. Fill “V”
grooves of rear cover with grease and fit rubber O-Ring in its
position.
Mounting of Ring:
Clean and wipe the ring. Ensure that faces are parallel, flat and free
from burr, rust etc. Insert the ring it is position. Fill grease in the
cavity in the rear cover up to the face of the ring.

Mounting of Spherical Roller Bearing:

New bearings should be taken out from original packing only just
before mounting. Spherical roller bearings are coated with rust
preventing oil prior to dispatch. There is no need to wash new
bearings before installation.

Oil bath method:

The oil bath method has advantage of gradual and uniform heating
of bearings. When several bearings are to be mounted, all can be put
in oil bath simultaneously to save time.
Induction Heating System:
Induction heating is quick, safe, energy saving and environment friendly
process. In this system, bearing performs as a secondary winding whereas
core winding is at primary side. Bearing is placed around a yoke. Due to
principal of induction current, bearing is heated due to its electrical
resistance and attains desired temperature.

The induction heater should be equipped with :

• Temperature and cycle time controllers .
• Auto demagnetizer .
• Temperature and cycle time indicator .
• Audio alarm to indicate completion of cycle.
Heating time required in induction heating system largely depends upon the
weight of the bearings. It is recommended to set the machine in such a way
that it takes 5 to 7 minutes to attain the temperature of 1200C maximum.
Checking Bearing Radial Clearance after Mounting:
Due to interference fit between inner ring bore and journal diameter, the
inner ring of the bearing expands after mounting. The clearance between the
roller and outer ring track is reduced due to enlargement for inner
ring track diameter. Therefore, to ensure satisfactory performance, it is
necessary to check radial clearance of each bearing after mounting on axle.
 CONCLUSION

We have completed our training from the Northern Railway Locomotive

Workshop , Charbagh Lucknow. We have observed many shops in the
Workshop. We mainly performed our training in the roller bearing
section in the Wheel shop.

The study work was conducted to learn the working and maintenance
practice at Northern Railway locomotive workshop , Lucknow. The
report start with the brief introduction to the Indian Railways followed
by company profile of Charbagh locomotive workshop , where we
underwent in plant training.

It gives us the detailed description about various shops in the workshops

like welding shop , engine shop , brake shop . It also gives the detailed
description about roller bearing section in the wheel shop. The major
components of the axle and wheel are also described . The various
system , which aid in the working of the wheel like visible inspection ,
zyglo inspection , CNC lathe machine for chips cutting , axle cleaning ,
bearing and lubrication are also described . We also understood few of
the various safety devices used in the locomotives.

The Charbagh locomotive workshop is far too big to be in a manner of

four weeks , there lies many doors unopened but due to lack of time we
put the period here.
 REFERENCES

 www.wikipedia.com
 www.google.com
 www.howstuffworks.com
 www.irfca.org
 www.indianrailways.com
 www.irtsa.net
 www.nrcnwlko.gov.in