Tugas remidi gerontik

Nama : Ida Rokhayati

Nim : 30901800080

DAFTAR JURNAL ( INTERNASIONAL )

1. The Influence of Protein-Calorie Malnutrition on Quality of Life in Nursing Homes

2. Evaluation of life satisfaction index of the elderly people living in nursing homes

Pembahasan berdasarkan jurnal diatas yaitu :

PEMBAHASAN PENGARUH MALNUTRISI PROTEIN-KALORI TERHADAP KUALITAS HIDUP DI PANTI

ASUHAN

Subjects

Of the 311 residents, 38.6% (n 5 120) met the Nutrition Screening Initiative guidelines for malnutrition
(BMI , 22) on admission to the nursing home. The percent of residents with malnutrition did not
significantly change over time; p . .05 (Table 2). Sixty-four of the residents (20.6%) remained in the
nursing home at the conclusion of data collection. Of those discharged from the nursing home, 138
(44.4%) went home or to a boarding home or assisted living facility, five (1.6%) went to another nursing
home, 56 (18.0%) went to an acute or psychiatric hospital or rehabilitation, and 48 (15.4%) died.

Measures of Quality of Life

Mean and standard deviation for each significant measure of quality of life from the MDS are described
in Table 3. On average, most residents needed supervisory assistance while eating, and limited
assistance with personal hygiene or when using the toilet. These same residents were more likely to feel
at ease doing self-initiated activities within the nursing home but were less likely to exhibit other
measures of psychosocial well being. There was a significant relationship between BMI and functional
status (Table 4). Residents needing less assis- tance with eating, personal hygiene, and using the toilet
had a higher BMI. Depression was not a significant indicator of low BMI in these nursing home residents.
However, several measures of psychosocial well-being were indicators of low BMI, especially when
measured 6 months postadmission (Table 4).

Residents who are well adjusted to nursing home life may eat more food, resulting in a higher BMI (32).
In this study, residents who felt a sense of initiative or involvement within the nursing home were more
likely to have a higher BMI. These same residents were more likely to identify with past roles and life
status, perhaps affecting their overall sense of well-being. Of interest, the longer residents had resided
within the nursing home, the more likely they were to complain about other residents. These residents
possibly were more adjusted to nursing home life and more involved in the daily activities within the
facility, and thus had increased opportunities for complaints. In all likelihood, these residents develop
coping mechanisms as intra- individual conditions for quality of life.
Quality of life for nursing home residents takes on special significance as a result of the nursing home
environment and the residents’ health status. Early identification and in- tervention is the key to
improved health and quality of life for nursing home residents. The MDS, used nationally by all nursing
homes, provides standardized data that may be useful as a tool to enhance nutritional care and quality
of life for residents. Although the MDS is used nationally, no research was identified that used MDS
variables as indicators of quality of life. Early identification could lead to focused interventions aimed at
enhancing quality of life for residents in nursing homes.

PEMBAHASAN EVALUASI INDEKS KEPUASAN HIDUP LANSIA YANG TINGGAL DI PANTI JOMPO

Iwatsubo et al. (1996) state that general health status, personal characteristics, career history,
social relations and demographic characteristics are factors affecting life satisfaction in the elderly.
Likewise, Ebersole (1995) argues that in geriatric care, the life satisfaction of the elderly basically reflects
their functional status. In this study, we have attempted to evaluate the link between the life
satisfaction and socio-demographic characteristics of the elderly (60 years of age and above) with the
following characteristics: being independent in performing such daily living activities as eating, dressing,
bathing and transfer; having sufficient mental and cognitive functions; being medically stable; and living
in a nursing home. The statistical analyses show that leisure activities, marital status and levels of
education significantly influence the LSI-A scores of the subjects (Table 1) (p = 0.03, p = 0.02, p = 0.03,
respectively). To illustrate, it was observed that a high level of education (college/university) gives rise to
a statistical increase in LSI-A scores (Table 1). Using a stepwise regression analysis, education levels and
the place of residence were identified as the statistically significance independent predictors of LSI-A
scores in the study group (Table 3). It was also observed that the LSI-A scores of elderly people who
were involved in some kind of leisure activity (handicrafts, reading, walking, etc.) were higher than the
scores of those who were not involved in such activities (Table 2), (p = 0.001). Thus, high levels of
education along with the area one lives in may explain the higher LSI-A scores in the study group. In a
study carried out in Paris on retired individuals over a period of 60 years, Iwatsubo et al. (1996)
examined the factors affecting LSI scores by multivariety analysis, demonstrating that these factors were
physical activity, state of mental health, social activities and hobbies. Fuhrer et al. (1992), examining the
life satisfaction of a group of individuals with spinal cord injuries, between the ages of 19–77, maintain
that the LSI-A scores of this group were below those of the normal population, and that the group’s LSI
scores were not affected by disability or impairment, but by handicap. In the elderly, there is a link
between levels of physical activity and feeling psychologically sound; this naturally affects their ability to
perform daily living activities (Strasser, 1992). Our study group consisted of subjects performing ADL
activities independently.

Total scores that can be received from this index range from 0 to 40, with higher scores signifying
greater life satisfaction (Adams, 1969; Franchignoni et al., 1999). Of note, the mean LSI-A score of our
cases was 25.2 5.5, similar to the 26.1 6.9 recorded by Franchignoni et al. (1999) among healthy
individuals. Although Iwatsubo et al. (1996) found a mean LSI-A score among the retired elderly at 12.1
4.4, the index made use of in their study was modified, and the highest score that could be received
from the LSI-A was reduced to 20.
 It has been maintained in various studies that the mental, emotional or social status of geriatric
individuals is as important as their physical functionality (Guilmette et al., 1992; Strasser, 1992; Rudman
et al., 1993; Greendale et al., 2000). In our opinion, however, from the point of view of geriatric
rehabilitation it is not easy to determine which of these factors is greater in importance, as the severity
of the factors, the personal characteristics of the individuals and the complexities of the social relations
involved must all be taken into account.

In summary, the data suggest that the life satisfaction of the study group was positively affected
by participation in leisure activities (handicrafts, reading, walking, etc.) in the nursing homes they lived
in. Further studies into how controlled leisure time activities in the elderly can be promoted would be a
welcome addition to the field.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Sarvimaki A, Stenbock-Hult B. Quality of life in old age described as a sense of well being, meaning
and value. J Adv Nurs. 2000;32:1025–1033.

2. Iwatsubo, Y., Derrıennıc, F., Cassou, B., Poıtrenaud, J., 1996. Predictors of life satisfaction amongst
retired people in Paris. Int. J. Epidemiol. 25, 160–170.