Professional Documents
Culture Documents
22
Elizabeth II
1926 ˜ 2022
A life in pictures
Part 1
Elizabeth II
A P R I L 2 1 , 1 92 6 – S E P T E M B E R 8 , 2 0 2 2
L
ike the vast majority of God Save the Queen. I think I still have future. While we were in Cape Town, there
people in this country, my copy. was a reception on board the Royal Yacht
I have only ever known one It took me nearly another 20 years Britannia. This time I did manage to turn
monarch. When I was born, to meet the Queen. In 1994 I covered her up. As we mingled on deck, drinking gin
in 1959, the Queen had historic tour of Russia. In those days, the and tonic in the warm sunshine, the Queen’s
HUSSEIN/GETTY IMAGES. TIM GRAHAM PHOTO LIBRARY/GETTY IMAGES
already been on the throne Queen used to have a drinks party – or press secretary, Charles Anson, promised me
for nearly seven years. a reception, as the palace prefers to term that he would introduce me to the Queen.
COVER: CECIL BEATON/CAMERA PRESS. THIS SPREAD: ANWAR
That seems a distant era now, a time when it – for the press accompanying her on That would be good, I told him, but I was
Britain still had the remnants of a fading overseas visits. It would have been one of lying – I was terrified. I had heard too many
Empire and people paid for their shopping the highlights of the tour. Unfortunately, stories of people making a fool of themselves
with pounds, shillings and pence. When you I managed to miss it, as I was too busy filing in front of the Queen – not knowing what
went to the cinema, they played the national copy for the London Evening Standard, the to say or being on the receiving end of a
anthem at the end of the film. newspaper I worked for at the time. Standing withering put-down – that I could see no
I grew up – we all grew up – with the up the Queen was not a good start to my reason why I would want to put myself
Queen. When I was a small boy she was this career as a royal correspondent. through such a stressful experience.
mystical being, a scarcely human figure who The following year I went with the Fortunately for me, and no doubt for
was to be revered without question. Queen on her equally historic tour of South the Queen, the urbane and laid-back Anson
Later, when I was a teenager, there Africa, where she was greeted with such had plenty of other things on his mind
was the Silver Jubilee. Some people held warmth and enthusiasm by Nelson Mandela that afternoon and forgot all about me.
street parties; others bought the Sex Pistols’ that it filled us all with optimism about the Instead, I watched on as a gaggle of royal
1920 s
T
he Queen’s mother – the
Duchess of York, as she was With her parents on
then – did not like White
Lodge, the home in Richmond
a six-month official
Park that King George V
and Queen Mary had
tour, Elizabeth’s first
designated for them. It was birthday came and
cold and uncomfortable, with inadequate
electric lighting and dubious plumbing. went without them
Understandably, the duchess decided to give
birth to her first child at 17 Bruton Street, the
Mayfair home of her parents, the Earl and behind when she and Prince Philip went on
Countess of Strathmore. a Commonwealth tour that lasted nearly
Although the new baby was not in direct six months.
line of succession – she was third in line While Elizabeth’s parents were away, her
to the throne, as her uncle, the Prince of nanny tried to keep parental memories alive.
Wales, was still expected to marry and have She would show the baby a picture of her
children – royal tradition still dictated that a mother, and taught her to say “Mummy”.
SPEAIGHT/HULTON ARCHIVE/GETTY IMAGES, MARCUS ADAMS/PAUL POPPER/POPPERFOTO VIA GETTY IMAGES/GETTY IMAGES,
the home secretary, Sir William Joynson- three months at Buckingham Palace, where
Hicks, waited in the next room while the she would be brought down every afternoon
duchess went through a long, difficult labour. to have tea with the king and queen. “Here
Afterwards, the official bulletin referred to comes the bambino!” Queen Mary would cry
the medical complications and “a certain line out with delight.
of treatment”, which was the nearest anyone For most of her childhood, home was
came to saying in public that she was delivered 145 Piccadilly, a five-storey house that
by caesarean section. overlooked Green Park. Elizabeth was a neat
She was born in the early hours of girl: her toy ponies were always lined up in an
Wednesday, April 21, 1926, 13 days before the orderly row. She even had a small red dustpan
start of the General Strike. It was over, however, and brush, with which she was encouraged to
by the time of her christening on May 29 keep her room tidy.
in the private chapel of Buckingham Palace. She saw a lot of her grandparents, and
The font Queen Victoria had used for her George V seemed to enjoy playing with her in
children’s christenings was brought up from a way he had not done with his own children.
Windsor Castle, and Elizabeth was dressed He would call her Lilibet, in imitation of her
in the Honiton lace christening robe that had attempts to say her own name. The nickname
been used for all Victoria’s children. stuck, and would later be given another lease
The most important figure in her young of life when the Duke and Duchess of Sussex
life was not her mother but her nurse, Clara chose it as the name for their daughter.
Knight, who was known to Elizabeth – and, In 1928, when she was two and a half,
later, Margaret – as Allah. When Elizabeth Winston Churchill – then chancellor – met
was just nine months old her parents went on her while staying at Balmoral, which would
an official tour of Australia and New Zealand become the Queen’s favourite summer retreat,
that lasted six months. Her first birthday came and where she died on September 8. In a letter
and went without them. he described her as “a character”. He wrote,
Later, Elizabeth would do the same thing, “She has an air of authority and reflectiveness
leaving Prince Charles and Princess Anne astonishing in an infant.” Valentine Low
CENTRE A childhood
portrait of Elizabeth
at around the age of
two, taken in 1928.
The photographer,
Marcus Adams,
would still be taking
royal portraits in
the Fifties.
Additional reporting:
Chris Riley,
Hannah Evans
1930 s
T
he Thirties were a decade of
tumultuous change for the ‘What?’ Elizabeth said
young Princess Elizabeth. The
family of three became four
when told the family
– “We four,” as her father
used to say – with the arrival
now had to move to
of Princess Margaret on Buckingham Palace.
August 21, 1930. The sisters were close,
but very different in temperament. While ‘You mean for ever?’
Elizabeth was dutiful, her younger sister was
more extrovert: one royal writer described
her as “less solemn, less conscientious and The changes to their life were immediate,
altogether less well mannered”. and not entirely welcome. When Crawfie
Marion Crawford, the princess’s young told Elizabeth that they would have to move
Scottish governess, provided her education: into Buckingham Palace, she stared at her in
two and a half hours a week of poetry, horror. “What?” she said. “You mean for ever?”
LISA SHERIDAN/STUDIO LISA/GETTY IMAGES, FRED AND HUBERT THURSTEN/CAMERA PRESS, CAMERA PRESS, AP PHOTO/JIM PRINGLE
literature and grammar, half an hour on For the Coronation, Elizabeth and
the Bible, two hours each on history and Margaret were dressed in ermine cloaks and
arithmetic, and half an hour on geography. coronets that had been made especially for
That was the mornings; in the afternoon, them. Elizabeth was deeply moved by the
there would be dancing, drawing and music whole occasion, and wrote an account of it.
lessons. It was not a taxing regime. “I thought it was all very, very wonderful and
Crawfie, as she was known – who later got I expect the Abbey did too. The arches and
into trouble for writing a memoir – did her beams at the top were covered with a sort of
best to show the two princesses a life beyond haze of wonder as Papa was crowned, at least
the palace gates. After Elizabeth expressed I thought so.”
a hankering to go on the Underground (“Oh In 1937 it dawned on the parents of the
dear,” she said wistfully, walking past Hyde future queen that they needed to broaden her
Park Corner one day, “what fun it must be to education, and she was sent for tutorials on the
ride in those trains”), she took them for a trip British constitution with Sir Henry Marten,
on the Tube. The princesses bought their own vice-provost of Eton. “Crawfie,” she said when
tickets. Afterwards, they visited a café, where she saw the books lining his rooms, “do you
they got shouted at by the waitress for leaving mean to tell me he has read them all?”
the teapot behind at the counter. In July 1939 the royal family paid a visit to
Before the abdication of Edward VIII, the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth. Someone
Elizabeth could have looked forward to an was needed to entertain the princesses for the
undemanding life as one of the lesser stars in the afternoon and Lord Mountbatten, who was
royal firmament: one who would shine brightly part of the royal party, came up with his
when she was young, to be sure, but a figure nephew, Prince Philip of Greece, who was
whose importance would diminish as time a naval cadet. Philip, who was not unknown
passed and the king had his own family. The to the royal family, showed off by jumping
Abdication put paid to all that. A reluctant over a tennis net: the 13-year-old Elizabeth
Duke of York became King George VI, and could not keep her eyes off him. As George
the family’s life changed irrevocably. VI’s official biographer, Sir John Wheeler-
Elizabeth did not need anyone to tell her Bennett, wrote, “This was the man with
that it meant she would one day accede to whom Princess Elizabeth had been in love
the throne herself. “Poor you,” said Margaret. from their first meeting.” Valentine Low
RIGHT Princess
Elizabeth leaving
the Royal Albert
Hall after a concert
featuring a choir of
1,000 schoolchildren
and the London
Symphony Orchestra,
May 6, 1938.
ABOVEIn March 1933, a few weeks before she turned seven, Princess Elizabeth was photographed
on an early spring stroll with two nannies through Hyde Park. Princess Margaret is in the pram.
GETTY IMAGES, AP PHOTO, POPPERFOTO VIA GETTY IMAGES/GETTY IMAGES
ABOVE February 6, 1935, and Princess Elizabeth went to the Lyceum Theatre in London – famous
for its annual pantomimes – with her mother to see a performance of Dick Whittington.
1940 s
A
fter the war broke out,
London was deemed no The Norman Hartnell
longer safe for the two
princesses, and they moved
wedding dress was
to Windsor: first to Royal
Lodge, then to the castle
made possible by a
itself. Although Elizabeth special allowance of
and Margaret effectively disappeared from
public view, they made their own contribution clothing ration coupons
to the war effort with a radio broadcast aimed
at children in October 1940, during the height
of the Blitz. The 14-year-old Elizabeth did all The king wanted her to wait, however,
the talking, but Margaret joined her in wishing and Elizabeth came to an agreement with her
their listeners good night. Some considered father: she would accompany her parents on a
it mawkish, but Joyce Grenfell wrote to her tour of South Africa, and if she still wanted to
mother: “It was one of the loveliest things I’ve marry Philip on her return, he would give his
ever heard.” consent. While she was there she made a radio
As she grew older, Elizabeth begged her broadcast in Cape Town on her 21st birthday,
father to let her play a more active role in the in which she dedicated herself to the Empire.
war. Eventually he capitulated, and in March It would remain one of the most famous
1945 she joined the Auxiliary Territorial speeches of her life. “I declare before you
Service, learning how to drive and repair a all that my whole life, whether it be long or
truck. Her ATS uniform came into good use short, shall be devoted to your service and the
on VE Day when, after no fewer than six service of our great imperial family to which
appearances with her parents on the balcony we all belong.”
of Buckingham Palace, she pulled her cap She and Philip married at Westminster
low down over her eyes and went out with Abbey on November 20, 1947. With rationing
Margaret and a group of friends to join the still in force, and the country only just out
crowds on the street. At one point she joined of a fuel crisis, it was a much needed moment
the throng outside the palace shouting, “We of national celebration. Elizabeth’s wedding
want the king! We want the king!” It was, dress, which was designed by Norman
she said later, “one of the most memorable Hartnell, was made possible thanks to a
nights of my life”. special allowance of 200 clothing coupons
Meanwhile, she never forgot the handsome – the usual wartime allowance for a family
young naval cadet she had met just before of four was 48 coupons a year.
the war. Philip would write to her, and when It was not quite, however, the great
he was on leave he would come and stay at joining of two families that a wedding of
Windsor Castle. Once, when Elizabeth learnt this nature normally implies. Philip’s sisters,
he was coming to see one of the pantomimes who all married Germans, were not invited.
that she and Margaret would put on at But a host of crowned heads – and former
Christmas, she said to her governess: “Who crowned heads – appeared from all over
BASSANO/CAMERA PRESS
do you think is coming to see us act, Crawfie?” Europe and beyond, including the kings
By 1946 there was little doubt about their of Norway, Romania and Iraq, and the
relationship. People got so used to seeing king and queen of Denmark. As Princess
Philip around that on one of Elizabeth’s Margaret put it, “People who had been
public engagements the crowd shouted, starving in little garrets all over Europe
“Where’s Philip?” suddenly reappeared.” Valentine Low
LEFT Accompanied
by her younger sister,
the princess makes
her first broadcast
at the age of 14 in
October 1940. ‘When
peace comes,’ she
told the young
people of the
Commonwealth,
‘remember it
will be for us, the
children of today,
to make the world of
tomorrow a better
and happier place.’
RIGHT Princess
IMAGES, ANL/SHUTTERSTOCK
Elizabeth rides
towards Buckingham
Palace after the
Trooping the
Colour ceremony in
Horse Guards Parade
on June 12, 1947.
RIGHT Princess
Elizabeth in the
State Apartments at
Buckingham Palace
in 1946.
1950 s
T
he decline of the King’s health
meant that Elizabeth and Asked what she was
Philip began to take on an
increasing amount of her
going to call herself
father’s workload. After the
King had an operation to
as queen, she replied,
remove his left lung, the couple ‘My own name, of
replaced her parents on a five-week tour of
Canada in autumn 1951, leaving Charles and course – what else?’
his new sister, Anne, at home. The tour
included a visit to Washington, where President
Truman said, “When I was a little boy I read Back in London, when she was formally
about a fairy princess, and there she is.” proclaimed Queen at St James’s Palace, she
There was another tour the following year, told the Privy Council: “My heart is too full
due to take in Ceylon, Australia and New for me to say more to you today than that
Zealand. In early 1952, when Elizabeth and I shall always work as my father did.”
Philip left for the four-month trip, the King Within days there was a bitter dispute
and Queen came to see them off at the over the question of the family’s name. Lord
airport. Photographs show the King looking Mountbatten, Philip’s uncle, had made the
gaunt and strained in the cold January wind. mistake of boasting that the “House of
The trip began with a short holiday in Kenya, Mountbatten now reigned”. This promptly ran
where the couple stayed for a night at the into opposition from Queen Mary, the Queen
Treetops Hotel. With its viewing platform by Mother and the prime minister, Winston
a lake, it was an ideal place to watch big game. Churchill, who was no fan of Mountbatten.
In the early hours of February 6, George VI The Queen, torn between loyalty to her
HULTON ARCHIVE/GETTY IMAGES, KEYSTONE/GETTY IMAGES, CAMERA PRESS/YOUSUF KARSH
died in his sleep at Sandringham of a coronary husband and the royal family, opted for the
thrombosis. He was 56 years old. The news latter: the House of Windsor it remained. Philip
took several hours to reach Elizabeth, of complained that his name was taken away.
whom it was famously said that she climbed a “I’m nothing but a bloody amoeba,” he said.
tree a princess and descended it a queen. Not The Coronation did not take place until
that she realised it at the time: the first person June 2 the following year. It was the first
to hear the news was her private secretary time it was televised, an innovation initially
Martin Charteris, who picked it up from a resisted by the palace. It was Britain’s last great
journalist at a nearby hotel. He told Philip’s imperial hoorah, a massive celebration that
equerry, Michael Parker, who in turn told saw huge crowds line the streets and more
Philip. He took Elizabeth – still only 25 – into than 8,000 people crammed into Westminster
the garden of Royal Lodge, their main base in Abbey. Afterwards, at Buckingham Palace, the
Kenya, and they walked as he broke the news Queen sat down with her crown off while the
to her. Pamela Hicks, one of the royal party, four-year-old Prince Charles played hide-and-
recalled: “One just thought, this poor girl who seek under the Queen Mother’s robes.
really adored her father. They were very close. Five months later, the couple departed on
And I think I gave her a hug and said how a Commonwealth tour. “Let us recognise how
sorry I was. And then suddenly, I thought, my immeasurable a responsibility rests upon the
God, but she’s Queen!” shoulders of our young Queen,” Lord Salisbury
Before they returned, Charteris asked her told the House of Lords, “for on the personal
what she was going to call herself. “My own loyalties of her peoples the whole future of
name, of course – what else?” a free world may depend.” Valentine Low
LEFT A portrait of
Princess Elizabeth
in 1951 wearing the
Cartier necklace she
was given on her
marriage by the
Nizam of Hyderabad.
The necklace consists
of a long chain
with 38 brilliant
cut diamonds with
an elongated oval
brilliant snap.
ABOVE On the bridge of the Gothic – built as a liner, but designated a ABOVEInspecting the men of the newly renamed Queen’s Own Nigeria
royal yacht from 1952 to 1954 – at Miraflores locks on the Panama Canal. Regiment at Kaduna Airport, Nigeria, on her 1956 Commonwealth tour.
ABOVEOn a trip to the Scottish Craft Centre, Edinburgh, on July 12, 1952. ABOVE The Queen with her husband and one of her many corgis
The royal visit to the city was the first by a reigning monarch in 50 years. outside Windsor Castle in 1959.
1960 s
O
n February 19, 1960, the
Queen gave birth to her third The documentary
child, Andrew. Although it had
been ten years since Anne
Royal Family was a
was born, Andrew’s arrival
was no accident: the Queen
huge success, seen by
told her private secretary, more than two thirds
Martin Charteris, that she and Philip had been
trying for another child for some time. of the population
While the Queen had been a somewhat
distant parent with Charles and Anne – for all
that she loved them both, and spent time with documentary, Royal Family. While the Queen
them when she could, affairs of state usually was initially sceptical – she was not going to
took precedence – by the time Andrew was play up for the cameras – her press secretary,
born, followed four years later by Edward, she William Heseltine, played an important role in
took time off to be more closely involved with winning her around.
their upbringing. By then she seemed to be The film, made by the BBC film-maker
relaxed around her children. “She was a less Richard Cawston, portrays a year in the life
natural mother with Charles and Anne,” one of the royal family. There is footage of the
insider suggested, “whereas she was much more Queen at a Buckingham Palace garden party,
the besotted parent with Andrew and Edward.” of Charles bicycling through Cambridge as an
Her pregnancy with Andrew forced her undergraduate, of Philip flying a plane. One
to cancel a visit to Ghana, which had recently of the more famous sequences shows the royal
become the first of Britain’s tropical African family enjoying a picnic at Balmoral, with
colonies to achieve independence. Instead she Philip in charge of the barbecue.
had taken the unusual step of inviting Ghana’s According to Heseltine, Philip found it
leader, Kwame Nkrumah, to Balmoral instead. harder than the Queen to get used to the
The rescheduled visit to Ghana took place constant presence of the camera crew.
GETTY IMAGES, REGINALD DAVIS/SHUTTERSTOCK, CECIL BEATON/CAMERA PRESS
in November 1961. There was pressure for it “He was, as is sometimes his wont, a little
to be cancelled, both because of the threat of impatient with them when they appeared, as
violence – bombs had exploded in Accra the he thought, rather too close for comfort.”
week before – and political opposition to Royal Family was a huge success. It was
Nkrumah’s authoritarianism. But against a shown twice in June 1969, first on the BBC and
backdrop of growing communist influence in then on ITV, and was seen by more than two
Africa, the Queen was determined to go ahead, thirds of the population. But was it a good idea?
believing that the visit would play an important It allowed the royals to be seen as an ordinary
role in holding the Commonwealth together. family and, argued many, did the monarchy ABOVECecil Beaton’s 1969 birthday portrait of
It was a great success, even if the Queen’s significant good. But it also blurred the line the Queen, who wears a pearl and diamond
turn around the dancefloor with Nkrumah between the public and the private, and can necklace first given to Queen Victoria and
prompted a South African paper to complain be seen as opening the doors for an ever one of Queen Mary’s tiaras.
about “the honoured head of the once mighty more intrusive media. That is a theory that
British Empire dancing with black natives of is rejected by Heseltine: the media was well TOP President John F Kennedy, in his first few
pagan Africa”. The Ghanaian press hailed her as on its way to becoming a far less respectful months in office, and first lady Jackie Kennedy
“the greatest socialist monarch in the world”. institution than it once was, he said. But, as were invited to Buckingham Palace for a state
In the late Sixties the Queen took a more than one commentator has pointed out, dinner in June 1961. The president would later
decision that continues to divide opinion to after its initial transmissions, Royal Family has write to Her Majesty, ‘We shall always cherish
this day: she cooperated with the creation of a not been seen in full since. Valentine Low the memory of that delightful evening.’
ABOVE Visiting the Liberation Monument in Addis Ababa during an ABOVEQueen Victoria once took annual holidays on the Isle of Wight;
official state visit to Ethiopia in February 1965. here her great-great-granddaughter is pictured in Ventnor in 1965.
1970 s
I
n 1970 royal tours underwent a
revolution. Until then they had ‘I am simply amazed,’
consisted of the Queen travelling
somewhere, usually by car, then
said the Queen of the
getting out and meeting whomever
she was supposed to meet. There
crowds at her Silver
was little spontaneity, and not much Jubilee celebrations.
chance for the public to see her other than by
waving at the royal car as it passed. ‘I had no idea’
Then the royal walkabout was born. It
started in New Zealand, where the authorities
wanted to find a new format for events that set off a chain of beacons across the country.
would allow the public more involvement. Afterwards she was driven to London. The
In Wellington, they arranged for the royal late-night crowds along the route grew larger
limousine to stop short of an engagement and larger until, at the end of the Mall, the car
so the couple could complete the journey on could barely turn into Buckingham Palace.
foot. It went down very well, and in Australia “I am simply amazed,” the Queen said
the Queen was keen to try it again. However, throughout the celebrations. “I had no idea.”
in Melbourne she faced an unruly crowd In 1979 the IRA murdered Lord Mountbatten
blocking her path. What should I do, she with a bomb in his fishing boat off the coast of
asked a member of staff. “Walk, Your Majesty,” Sligo. The Queen was devastated. Later, while
they replied. “She faced the crowd and walked Mountbatten’s daughter Patricia – one of her
and they let her through. It was after that we oldest friends, who had also been on the boat
learnt that we had to use crash barriers.” – remained in hospital, the Queen invited
Five years later, political events in Australia Patricia’s 14-year-old son, Timothy Knatchbull,
would lead to one of the most enduring injured in the blast, and his sister Amanda
controversies of her reign. Gough Whitlam’s to Balmoral. He later remembered “a strange
government had been rocked by scandals warm glow that’s never really left me… the
and by a worsening economic crisis. After care, the tender loving care that the Queen
he failed to pass a budget and then opted [has] as a mum”.
not to resign or call an election, the governor- Three months later, in November, Margaret
LICHFIELD ARCHIVE VIA GETTY IMAGES, SERGE LEMOINE/GETTY IMAGES
general, Sir John Kerr – the Queen’s Thatcher unmasked the art historian Anthony
representative – dismissed him in November Blunt in the House of Commons as a former
1975. The move was hugely divisive, and threw Soviet spy. The Queen stripped him of his
a spotlight on the Queen’s constitutional knighthood a short while later.
powers. It also helped fuel the republican She had been told about his betrayal
movement in Australia. shortly after he confessed to MI5 in 1964. In
The same year Buckingham Palace started return for his confession, MI5 agreed to keep
preparations for the Queen’s Silver Jubilee, his spying a secret and granted him immunity The Queen, the Duke of Edinburgh
which would not take place until two years from prosecution. and their children in the gardens of
later. They were aware that few people knew After the Queen was told, the palace asked Balmoral during the family’s summer
what a jubilee was, and were not convinced what it should do about Blunt, who had been break in Scotland in 1972. This was
that there would be much interest. The wave Surveyor of the Queen’s Pictures since 1945. one of a series of portraits taken by
of enthusiasm that swept the country took They were advised that he should stay put Patrick Lichfield, the Queen’s first
everyone by surprise, not least the Queen. because any action might alert his former cousin once removed, to mark the
The evening before the main celebrations Russian controllers. He was to remain in post couple’s silver wedding anniversary
the Queen lit a bonfire in Windsor that would until 1972. Valentine Low
ABOVE The Queen dances with Gerald Ford – who had become US
president on Richard Nixon’s resignation – on a trip to America in 1976.
ABOVE To mark 25 years on the throne, the Queen not only travelled extensively in this country, visiting 36 counties in the UK, but
also further afield, taking in Fiji, Tonga, Papua New Guinea, Australia, Canada and parts of the Caribbean, among other destinations.
Here the Queen, wearing a traditional feather cloak, meets Maoris in New Zealand on February 1, 1977.
St Paul’s Cathedral
before walking
to the Guildhall,
pictured here, for
FOX PHOTOS/GETTY IMAGES, ANWAR HUSSEIN/GETTY IMAGES, PA
a Corporation of
London lunch.
© Times Newspapers Ltd, 2022. Published and licensed by Times Newspapers Ltd, 1 London Bridge Street, London SE1 9GF (020 7782 5000). Printed by Prinovis UK Ltd, Liverpool. Not to be sold separately.
Elizabeth II
1926 ˜ 2022