CENTRAL INCISORS

Function: shearing or cutting teeth. Tooth Landmarks

Maxillary Central Incisors
● Wedge or chisel-shaped.
● Single conical/cone-like root.
● Centered in the maxilla.
● 1 one root and 1 canal.

Numbering System (from right to left)

Universal (ADA or Military & International):
● Primary- E and F Borders the incisal ridge:
● Permanent- 8 and 9 ● LIE (1)- LABIOincisal edge
Palmer’s Notation: ● LIE (2)- LINGUOincisal edge
● Primary- 2> and <2 Other landmarks:
● Permanent- 1> and <1 ● CL- Cervical Line
Two-Digit System/FDI: ● C- Cingulum
● Primary- 51 and 61 ● MMR- Mesial Marginal Ridge
● Permanent- 11 and 21 ● LF- Lingual Fossa
● DMR- Distal Marginal Ridge.
Primary CI vs Permanent CI
A- Pulp Canal B-Pulp Horns MAXILLARY CENTRAL INCISOR FROM DIFF. ASPECTS

Primary Central Incisor Permanent Central Incisor Labial Aspect ● The Mesial outline of the
Crown is SLIGHTLY
Pulp chamber w/ its horns Although rather large, the convex approaching the
and the pulp canal are Permanent CI pulp canal is mesioincisal angle.
BROADER. SMALLER than the Primary ● Distal outline MORE
CI’s. CONVEX than the Mesial
outline with the crest of
Apical portion of the canal is Apical portion is MORE curvature higher toward
MUCH LESS CONSTRICTED. CL.
CONSTRICTED. ● Incisal outline is usually
REGULAR & STRAIGHT
in a mesiodistal direction.
From the incisal view, crown and incisal margin are centrally positioned ● Root is cone-shaped.
over the roof. ● Surface of the crown is
SMOOTH.
 BROAD and FLAT
Lingual Aspect ● Lingual outline is the compared with the lingual
REVERSE of that in the aspect.
labial aspect. ● Incisal edge and ridge can
● Surface of the crown has be easily distinguished.
CONVEXITIES AND ● Crown conforms to a
CONCAVITIES. TRIANGULAR OUTLINE.
● Below the cervical line is a
smooth convexity called
Mandibular Central Incisors
CINGULUM.
● Labial outline of the crown ● Located on the jaw adjacent to the midline of the face.
from the crest to the incisal ● SMALLER than the maxillary CI.
ridge is VERY SLIGHTLY ● Erupts between the age of 7 and 8.
CONVEX. ● SMALLEST TEETH out of all of them/ dental arches, approx. 21
mm. In length.
Mesial Aspect ● Crown is
WEDGE-SHAPED OR
TRIANGULAR. Numbering System (from right to left)
● Root is CONE-SHAPED
and the apex is bluntly
rounded.

Distal Aspect ● The crown is somewhat Landmarks

THICKER toward the
incisal third.
● The CL outlining is LESS Mesial marginal ridge- an
on the distal than on
enamel elevation on the crown.
mesial.
Cingulum- It refers to the portion
of the teeth that forms convex
protuberances.
Cervical Line- or neck of the
Incisal Aspect ● Crown SUPERIMPOSES tooth is a slim , irregular margin.
over the root entirely,--the
latter is not visible.
● Labial face of the crown is
LATERAL INCISORS
Eruption 8-9 years
Maxillary Lateral Incisors
● Second Incisor Completion of Root 11 years
● Second tooth from midline
● Resembles central incisor in functional Landmarks
form
● Long and thinner root than central
incisor
● Incision and apprehension of food
● Greater variation in form

Numbering System (from right to left)

Universal:
● Primary- D & G
● Permanent- 7 and 10
Palmer’s Notation:
● Primary- B⇃ & ⇂B
● Permanent- 2⇃ & ⇂2
Two-DIgit System/FDI:
● Primary-52 and 62
● Permanent- 12 and 12
Developmental Anomaly
Teeth most prone to DA:
1. 3rd molar
2. Maxillary lateral incisor
● Peg-shaped lateral
Time of Development
Event
Initiation of Calcification
Completion of Enamel
Maxillary Central Incisor in Different Aspects
Labial Aspect • Incisal is not straight but slightly
rounded.
• Mesio-incisal angle is less
rounded.
• Disto-incisal angle is more
rounded.
• Cervical line curves in semicircle
• More convex than the central
incisor.
• Root curves in a distal direction.
Time
Lingual Aspect • Marginal ridges of this tooth from
1 year this aspect are relatively more
prominent.
4-5 years • Cingulum is prominent.

• Having prominent marginal
ridges and cingulum, the lingual
fossa is deeper.
Mesial Aspect • Compared to the central incisor,
the cervical line exhibits less
curvature.
• Incisal ridge may appear thicker
than central incisor.
• Root apex is bluntly rounded.
Distal Aspect • More convex and smaller in all
dimensions
• Curvature from the cervical line
is less compared to the mesial
aspect.
Incisal Aspect • Almost resembles a central
incisor or small cuspid.
• Cingulum is more prominent and
can clearly be seen.
• Overall, the tooth is more
convex, that is both from the labial
and lingual aspect.
Mandibular Lateral Incisor
● Located distally from both mandibular central incisors of the mouth
and mesially from both mandibular canines.
● Their function is for shearing or cutting food during mastication,
commonly known as chewing.
● The surface area of the tooth used in eating is called an incisal
ridge or incisal edge.
Tooth Numbering System (from right to left)
Universal:
● Primary- Q and N
● Permanent- 26 and 23
Palmer’s Notation:
● Primary- B↿ and ↾2
● Permanent- 2↿ and ↾2
Two-Digit System/FDI:
● Primary- 82 and 72
● Permanent- 32 and 42
General Characteristics that differs it from CI
● Less symmetrical compared to Central Incisor.
● Obvious distal bulge on the crown appears to tilt distally.
● Mesial proximal contact more incisal
● Contacts are located at incisal 3rd but more cervical than central.
● Cingulum is distal to the center
● Longer mesial marginal ridge
● Distal incisal ridge may be more lingual(distolingual twist)
Landmarks
Mandibular Lateral Incisor in Different Aspects
Incisal Aspect

Labial Aspect

Root

Lingual Aspect

Mesial and Distal Aspect