https://unsdg.un.org/sites/default/files/2020-06/SG-Policy-Brief-on-COVID-Impact-on-Food-Security.

pdf

https://greatermekong.org/sites/default/files/TA9916%20KP1%20FINAL%203.12.21.pdf

 A food emergency is defined as “an extraordinary situation in which people are

[a]

unable to meet their basic survival needs, or there are serious and immediate threats
to human life and well-being.”
9 The Economist Newspaper. (2021, May 22). How covid-19 could impede the catch-up of poor
countries with rich ones. The Economist

11 Yaffe-bellany, D., & Corkery, M. (2020, April 11). Dumped Milk, Smashed Eggs, Plowed Vegetables:
Food Waste of the Pandemic. The New York Times.

14 Food Security and COVID-19. World Bank. (2021, July 2).

https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/brief/food-security-andcovid-19

22 Ibid

28 FAO. 2021. Food Outlook: Biannual Report on Global Food Markets. Rome.
https://doi.org/10.4060/cb4479en 29 Nchanji, E. B., & Lutomia, C. K. (2021).

32 Asian Development Bank. (2020, December 9). ADB, Olam to Support Smallholder Farmers
Livelihoods Disrupted by COVID-19. Asian Development Bank. https://www.adb.org/news/adb-olam-
support-smallholder-farmers-livelihoods-disrupted-covid-19.

34 Cadell, C. (2020, November 13). China's sweeping COVID controls put frozen food importers on ice.
Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-china-frozenfood/chinas-sweeping-
covid-controls-put-frozen-food-importerson-ice-idUSKBN27T0YK.

37 FAO. 2021. Food Outlook: Biannual Report on Global Food Markets. Rome.
https://doi.org/10.4060/cb4479en

45 Global Recovery Strong but Uneven as Many Developing Countries Struggle with the Pandemic’s
Lasting Effects. (2021, June 8). The World Bank.
https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/06/08/world-bank-global-economic-
prospects-2021

63 COVID-19. ILOSTAT. (2021, March 29). https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/co

76 Reardon, T., Heiman, A., Lu, L., Nuthalapati, C. S. R., Vos, R., & Zilberman, D. (2021). “Pivoting” by
food industry firms to cope with COVID‐19 in developing regions: E‐commerce and “copivoting” delivery
intermediaries. Agricultural Economics, 52(3), 459– 475. https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12631

78 Food Supply Chains and COVID-19: Impacts and Policy Lessons. OECD. (2020, June 2).
https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/food-supply-chains-and-covid-19-impacts-and-
policy-lessons71b57aea/#endnotea0z3

79 Taylor, J. E. (2020, December 13). A Global Selection of Press Coverage on Farm Labor. Farm Labor.
https://farmlabor.ucdavis.edu/news/links-selection-press-coverage
110 The Global Food Security Index (GFSI), Economist Intelligence Unit and is sponsored by Corteva
Agriscience, https://foodsecurityindex.eiu.com/Home/About

113 FAO. 2021. Food Outlook: Biannual Report on Global Food Markets. Rome.
https://doi.org/10.4060/cb4479en

 Bracale, Renata, and Concetta M. Vaccaro. “Changes in food choice following

[81]

restrictive measures due to Covid-19.” Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular

Diseases 30, no. 9 (2020): 1423-1426
[70]
 Klassen, Susanna, and Sophia Murphy. “Equity as both a means and an end”.
[71]
 Power, Kate. “The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the care burden of women and
families.” Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy  16, no. 1 (2020): 67-73.
[72]
 McLaren et al., “Covid-19 and women’s triple burden: Vignettes from Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Vietnam and
Australia.” Social Sciences 9, no. 5 (2020): 87.
[73]
 World Health Organization. Gender and COVID-19: advocacy brief, 14 May 2020 . No.
WHO/2019-nCoV/Advocacy_brief/Gender/2020.1. World Health Organization, 2020.
[91]
 UN 2020. Policy Brief: The impact of Covid-19 on Food security and Nutrition.
 FAO 2020. Gendered impacts of COVID-19 and equitable policy responses in
[74]

agriculture, food security and nutrition,

http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/ca9198en
77.https://www.findevgateway.org/sites/default/files/publications/files/
_d3_final_report_pakistan_bisp.pd