The Challenge of Epidemiology: Issues

and Selected Readings

ISBN: 9789275115053

Publisher: Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)

http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/paho/chepi/2004/00000001/00000001

Abstract:

This is a section of the book The Challenge of Epidemiology: Issues and Selected
Readings. Edited by four eminent epidemiologists, this book consolidates, for the first
time, a core of landmark articles on the evolution, scope and limitations, uses, and
prospects of epidemiology. An outstanding feature of the book is the inclusion of the
editors' assessments of the realm of epidemiology, where it is and where it should be
going. It represents a useful tool for both students and practicing professionals and
provides a much-needed frame of reference for reorienting the practice of epidemiology.
The book is a collection of 91 articles, grouped in five parts. The first two parts deal with
the historical evolution of the discipline. This first part is introduced with the discussions
of the four epidemiologists on the concept of epidemiology and its evolution.

Front matter

Preface. Introduction
pp. iv-ix(6)

PART I. Historical Development

 Discussions
pp. 3-17(15)
Authors: Buck, Carol; Llopis, Alvaro; Nájera, Enrique; Terris, Milton

Airs, Waters, Places

pp. 18-19(2)
Author: Hippocrates,

An Inquiry into the Nature, Causes, and Cure of the Scurvy

pp. 20-23(4)
Author: Lind, James

About the Disease Commonly Called "Mal de la Rosa" in this Province

pp. 24-26(3)
Author: Casal, Gaspar

An Essay Concerning the Cause of the Endemial Colic of Devonshire

pp. 27-30(4)
Author: Baker, George

An Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variolae Vaccinae

pp. 31-32(2)
Author: Jenner, Edward

A Description of the Physical and Moral State of Workers Employed in Cotton,

Wool, and Silk Mills
pp. 33-36(4)
Author: Villerme, Louis R.
 Observations Made During the Epidemic of Measles on the Faroe Islands in the
Year 1846
pp. 37-41(5)
Author: Panum, Peter Ludwig

On the Mode of Communication of Cholera

pp. 42-45(4)
Author: Snow, John

The Etiology, Concept, and Prophylaxis of Childbed Fever

pp. 46-59(14)
Author: Semmelweis, Ignaz

The Mosquito Hypothetically Considered as the Agent of Transmission of Yellow

Fever
pp. 60-66(7)
Author: Finlay, Carlos J.

Mortality of Miners: A Selection from the Reports and Writings of William Farr
pp. 67-71(5)

Notes on Verruga Peruana

pp. 72-74(3)
Authors: Carrión, Daniel

The Preservation of Health Amongst the Personnel of the Japanese Navy and
Army
pp. 75-79(5)
Author: Takaki, Baron
 A New Disease Entity in Man: A Report on Etiologic and Clinical Observations
pp. 80-81(2)
Author: Chagas, Carlos

PART II: From the Old to the New Epidemiology

Discussions
pp. 85-98(14)
Authors: Buck, Carol; Llopis, Alvaro; Nájera, Enrique; Terris, Milton

Considerations on Pellagra
pp. 99-102(4)
Author: Goldberger, Joseph

Cancer and Other Chronic Diseases in Massachusetts

pp. 103-111(9)
Authors: Bigelow, George H.; Lombard, Herbert L.

On the Epidemiology of Cancer

pp. 112-121(10)
Author: Greenwood, Major

Social Medicine and Public Health

pp. 122-124(3)
Author: Ryle, John A.

Sickness and Stress in Operational Flying

pp. 125-134(10)
Author: Reid, D.D.
 Epidemiology: Old and New
pp. 135-141(7)
Author: Gordon, John E.

Infectious and Chronic Disease Epidemiology: Separate and Unequal?

pp. 142-145(4)
Author: Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth

PART III: Etiologic Investigations

Discussions
pp. 149-166(18)
Authors: Buck, Carol; Llopis, Alvaro; Nájera, Enrique; Terris, Milton

Statistics of Morbidity
pp. 167-175(9)
Author: Sydenstricker, Edgar

The Age Selection of Mortality from Tuberculosis in Successive Decades

pp. 176-179(4)
Author: Frost, Wade Hampton

Record Linkage
pp. 180-183(4)
Author: Dunn, Halbert L.

A Discussion of the Concepts of Incidence and Prevalence as Related to

Epidemiologic Studies of Mental Disorders
pp. 184-197(14)
Author: Kramer, Morton
 Nutrition, Growth, and Neurointegrative Development: An Experimental and
Ecologic Study
pp. 198-222(25)
Authors: Cravioto, Joaquin; DeLicardie, Elsa R.; Birch, Herbert G.

Patterns of Urban Mortality

pp. 223-234(12)
Authors: Puffer, Ruth Rice; Griffith, G. Wynne

A Single Index of Mortality and Morbidity

pp. 235-242(8)
Author: Sullivan, Daniel F.

Potential Years of Life Lost Between Ages 1 and 70: An Indicator of Premature
Mortality for Health Planning
pp. 243-251(9)
Authors: Romeder, J.M.; McWhinnie, J.R.

An Epidemiological Study of Endemic Typhus (Brill's Disease) in the Southeastern

United States with Special Reference to Its Mode of Transmission
pp. 252-270(19)
Author: Maxcy, Kenneth F.

Endemic Fluorosis and Its Relation to Dental Caries

pp. 271-278(8)
Author: Dean, H. Trendley

The Racial and Social Incidence of Cancer of the Uterus

pp. 279-289(11)
Author: Kennaway, E.L.
 Contribution to the Study of the Etiology and Prevention of Cancer of the Cervix
of the Uterus
pp. 290-294(5)
Author: Gagnon, Fabien

Comparative Neutralizing Antibody Patterns to Lansing (Type 2) Poliomyelitis

Virus in Different Populations
pp. 295-311(17)
Authors: Paul, John R.; Melnick, Joseph L.; Riordan, John T.

Prediction and Possible Prevention of Coronary Disease

pp. 312-318(7)
Author: Keys, Ancel

A Study of Environmental Factors in Carcinoma of the Cervix

pp. 319-349(31)
Authors: Wynder, Ernest L.; Cornfield, Jerome; Schroff, P.D.; Doraiswami, K.R.

Death by Liver Cirrhosis and the Price of Beverage Alcohol

pp. 350-357(8)
Author: Seeley, John R.

Epidemiological Studies of Cultural Change

pp. 358-367(10)
Authors: Cassel, John; Tyroler, Herman A.

Schizophrenia and Social Class

pp. 368-383(16)
Authors: Goldberg, E.M.; Morrison, S.L.
 Epidemiology of Childhood Leukemia in Northumberland and Durham
pp. 384-392(9)
Author: Knox, George

Geographic and Climatic Aspects of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review of Current

Hypotheses
pp. 393-400(8)
Authors: Kurland, Leonard T.; Reed, Dwayne

Natural Nidality of Transmissible Disease in Relation to Landscape Epidemiology

of Zooanthroponoses
pp. 401-405(5)
Author: Pavlosky, E.

Observations on Recent Increase in Mortality from Asthma

pp. 406-414(9)
Authors: Speizer, F.E.; Doll, R.; Heaf, P.

The Cholera Near Golden Square

pp. 415-418(4)
Author: Snow, John

Milk-Borne Streptococcic Infections

pp. 419-425(7)
Author: Sullivan, Daniel F.

Congenital Cataract Following German Measles in the Mother

pp. 426-434(9)
Author: McAlister Gregg, N.
 Rickettsialpox: A Newly Recognized Rickettsial Disease
pp. 435-441(7)
Authors: Greenberg, Morris; Pellitteri, Ottavio J.; Jellison, William L.

Outbreak of Paralysis in Morocco due to Ortho-cresyl Phosphate Poisoning

pp. 442-445(4)
Authors: Smith, Honor V.; Spalding, J.M.K.

Adenocarcinoma of the Vagina: Association of Maternal Stilbestrol Therapy with

Tumor Appearance in Young Women
pp. 446-450(5)
Authors: Herbst, Arthur L.; Ulfelder, Howard; Poskanzer, David C.

Salmonellosis Associated with Marijuana: A Multistate Outbreak Traced By

Plasmid Fingerprinting
pp. 451-457(7)
Authors: Taylor, David N.; Wachsmuth, I. Kaye; Shangkuan, Yung-Hui; Schmidt,
Emmett V.; Barrett, Timothy J.; Schrader, Janice S.; Scherach, Charlene S.; McGee,
Harry B.; Feldman, Roger A.; Brenner, Don J.

Tobacco Smoking as a Possible Etiologic Factor in Bronchiogenic Carcinoma: A

study of Six Hundred and Eighty-Four Proved Cases
pp. 458-470(13)
Authors: Wynder, Ernest L.; Graham, Evarts A.

Cancer and Tobacco Smoking: A Preliminary Report

pp. 471-474(4)
Authors: Levin, Morton L.; Goldstein, Hyman; Gerhardt, Paul R.

Smoking and Carcinoma of the Lung: Preliminary Report

pp. 475-491(17)
Authors: Doll, Richard; Bradford Hill, A.
 The Interrelation Between Uterine Cancer and Syphilis: A Patho-Demographic
Study
pp. 492-499(8)
Authors: Røjel, Jørgen

Relationship Between Pregnancy Experience and the Development of Certain

Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Childhood
pp. 500-505(6)
Authors: Lilienfeld, Abraham M.; Pasamanick, Benjamin; Rogers , Martha

A Survey of Childhood Malignancies

pp. 506-532(27)
Authors: Steward, Alice; Webb, Josefine; Hewitt, David

Statistical Aspects of the Analysis of Data from Retrospective Studies of Disease

pp. 533-553(21)
Authors: Mantel, Nathan; Haenszel , William

A Controlled Study of Fatal Automobile Accidents in New York City

pp. 554-565(12)
Authors: McCarroll, James R.; Haddon, William

Age at First Birth and Break Cancer Risk

pp. 566-577(12)
Authors: MacMajon, B.; Cole, P.; Lin, T.M.; Lowe, C.R.; Mirra, A.P.; Ravnihar, B.;
Salber, E.J.; Valaoras, V.G.; Yuasa , S.

Increased Risk of Endometrial Carcinoma among Users of Conjugated Estrogens

pp. 578-583(6)
Authors: Ziel, Harry K.; Finkle, William D.
 A Study of the Relation of Family Income and Other Economic Factors to Pellagra
Incidence in Seven Cotton-Mill Villages of South Carolina in 1916
pp. 584-609(26)
Authors: Goldberger, Joseph; Wheeler, G.A.; Sydenstricker , Edgar

Mortality From Lung Cancer in Asbestos Workers

pp. 610-618(9)
Author: Doll , Richard

An Approach to Longitudinal Studies in a Community: The Framingham Study

pp. 619-630(12)
Authors: Dawber, Thomas R.; Kannel, William B.; Lyell , Lorna P.

Mortality in Relation to Smoking: Ten Years' Observations of British Doctors

pp. 631-667(37)
Authors: Doll, Richard; Bradford Hill, Austin

Final Report of a Prospective Study of Children Whose Mothers Had Rubella in

Early Pregnancy
pp. 668-675(8)
Author: Sheridan, Mary D.

Radiation-related leukemia in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1946-1964 I. Distribution,

Incidence, and Appearance Time
pp. 676-686(11)
Authors: Bizzozero, O. Joseph; Johnson, Kenneth G.; Ciocco, Antonio; Hoshino,
Takashi; Itoga, Takashi; Toyoda, Shigeki; Kawasaki, Sho
 Incidence and Prediction of Ischemic Heart Disease in London Busmen
pp. 687-698(12)
Authors: Morris, J.N.; Kagan, Aubrey; Pattison, D.C.; Gardner, M.J.; Raffle, P.A.B.

An Overview of the Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease

pp. 699-718(20)
Author: Kannel , William B.

Psychiatric Disorders in Foster Home Reared Children of Schizophrenic Mothers

pp. 719-725(7)
Author: Heston , Leonard L.

Pellagra Prevention by Diet among Institutional Inmates

pp. 726-730(5)
Authors: Goldberger, Joseph; Waring, C.H.; Tanner , W.F.

The Biology of Epidemics

pp. 731-746(16)
Author: Topley, W.W.C.

The Conclusion of a Ten-Year Study of Water Fluoridation

pp. 747-752(6)
Authors: Ast, David B.; Schlesinger , Edward R.

The Influence of Vitamin Supplementation of the Diets of Pregnant and Lactating

Women on the Intelligence of Their Offspring
pp. 753-758(6)
Authors: Harrell, Ruth F.; Woodyard, Ella R.; Gates , Arthur I.
 A Controlled Study of Three Methods of Prophylaxis against Streptococcal
Infection in a Population of Rheumatic Children II. Results of the First Three Years
of the Study, Including Methods for Evaluating the Maintenance of Oral
Prophylaxis
pp. 759-765(7)
Authors: Feinstein, Alvan R.; Wood, Harrison F.; Epstein, Jeanne; Taranta, Angelo;
Simpson, Rita; Tursky, Esther; Argyros, Thomas; Frieden, Julian; Haas, Raymond C.;
Hirschfeld, Ilse; Lewis, Arthur J.; Manso, Carlos; Ulich , Konrad

The Dynamics of Malaria

pp. 766-779(14)
Authors: Macdonald, George; Cuellar, Caton B.; Foll, Cecil V.

Incidence of Cancer in Men on a Diet High in Polyunsaturated Fat

pp. 780-785(6)
Author: Sheridan , Mary D.

The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial Results I.

Reduction in Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease
pp. 786-806(21)
Author: Lipid Research Clinics Program,

PART IV. Health Services and Health Policy

Discussions
pp. 809-828(20)
Authors: Buck, Carol; Llopis, Alvaro; Nájera, Enrique; Terris, Milton

Sick Individuals and Sick Populations

pp. 829-837(9)
Author: Rose, Geoffrey
 Evaluation of 1954 Field Trials of Poliomyelitis Vaccine
pp. 838-854(17)
Authors: Francis, T.; Napier, J.A.; Voight, R.B.; Hemphill, R.M.; Wenner, H.A.; Korns,
R.F.; Boisen, M.; Tochinsky, E.; Diamond, E.L.

The Surveillance of Communicable Diseases of National Importance

pp. 855-867(13)
Author: Langmuir, Alexander D.

Selective Epidemiologic Control in Smallpox Eradication

pp. 868-873(6)
Authors: Foege, William H.; Millar, J. Donald; Lane, J. Michael

Changes in Five-Year Breast Cancer Mortality in a Breast Cancer Screening

Program
pp. 874-887(14)
Authors: Shapiro, Sam; Strax, Philip; Venet, Louis; Venet, Wanda

Does Screening by "Pap" Smears Help Prevent Cervical Cancer? A Case-Control

Study
pp. 888-893(6)
Authors: Clarke, E.Aileen; Anderson, Terence W.

Measuring the Quality of Medical Care Through Vital Statistics Based on Hospital
Service Areas: 1. Comparative Stud of Appendectomy Rates
pp. 894-902(9)
Author: Lembcke, Paul A.

Case-Fatality in Teaching and Non-Teaching Hospitals, 1956-1959

pp. 903-908(6)
Authors: Lipworth, L.; Lee, J.A.H.; Morris, J.N.
 Rehabilitation of Nursing Home Residents
pp. 909-916(8)
Authors: Kelman, Howard R.; Muller, Jonas N.

The Iceberg: Completing the Clinical Picture in General Practice

pp. 917-922(6)
Author: Last, J.M.

The Burlington Randomized Trial of the Nurse Practitioner: Health Outcomes of

Patients
pp. 923-929(7)
Authors: Sackett, David L.; Spitzer, Water O.; Gent, Michael; Roberts, Robin S.; Hay,
W. Ian; Lefroy, Georgie M.; Sweeny, G. Patrick; Vandervlist, Isabel; Sibley, John C.;
Chambers, Larry W.; Goldsmith, Charles H.; MacPherson, Alexander S.; McAuley,
Ronald G.

Health Service "Input" and Mortality "Output" in Developed Countries

pp. 930-937(8)
Authors: Cochrane, A.L.; St. Leger, A.S.; Moore, F.

Ten-Year Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Radical Mastectomy

and Total Mastectomy With or Without Radiation
pp. 938-949(12)
Authors: Fisher, Bernard; Redmond, Carol; Fisher, Edwin R.; Bauer, Madeline;
Wolmark, Norman; Wickerham, Lawrence; Deutsch, Melvin; Montague, Eleanor;
Margolese, Richard; Foster, Roger

Failur e of Extracranial-Intracranial Arterial Bypass to Reduce the Risk of

Ischemic Stroke: Results of an International Randomized Trial
pp. 950-964(15)
Author: The EC/IC Bypass Study Group,

PART V: Perspective and Prospect

 Discussions
pp. 967-985(19)
Authors: Buck, Carol; Llopis, Alvaro; Nájera, Enrique; Terris, Milton

Back matter

Appendix: List of Contributors

pp. 986-989(4)