DoE) Availability and Irreversibility Questions Ra eee BRL Rela) Start Complete Exam Preparation CeCe Ro cece ioc ecg Ease [ose celery Cieeiea oo Byer) Download App MCQ Question 1 View this Question Online > A body of mass 2 kg and Cp = 1.00 kJ/kgK is available at 600 K if the atmosphere is 300 Kand In 2 = 0.693, the maximum work obtainable from the body till it comes to equilibrium with the atmosphere is 1. 150kJ 2. 142kJd 3. 184kJ 4. 190.5 kJ ‘ (Detailed Solution Below) tion 3: 184 kJcoaching ih T ache) govt. exams Under One Roof Cetera Availability and Irreversibility MCQ Question 1 Detailed Solution Concept: Maximum work obtainable, > W=Q-To (S1-S0) Where, To (Si - Sq) corresponds to irreversibility, TAS = S; is the entropy corresponding to ate of the system and Sy Is the entropy at the atmospheric condition and Tp is the 8 c temperature. Q= mep (T) -To) AS = mC, In(4) Calculation: Given, Mass m = 2 kg, Specific heat Cp = 1 kJ/kgk T) = 600K, Tp = 300 K Therefore, Q= Cy (T)-To) = 2 1 * 300 = 600 ky T,AS = 300 x 2x 1x In ($8) = 600 x n2 = 415.8 kJ Hence, work obtainable = 600 - 415.8 = 184.2 kJreaper Reta) Start Complete Exam Preparation Eons roy ous laa reece Coes ra a Ty Download App CBee ae rete MCQ Question 2 View this Question Online > Asource at a temperature of 500 K provides 1000 kJ of heat. The temperature of the environment is 27°C. The maximum useful work (in kJ) that can be obtained from the heat source is ___ Answer (Detailed Solution Below) 399 - 401 Availability and Irreversibility MCQ Question 2 Detailed Solution Concept Carnot cycle is an ideal cycle so it is the most efficient cycle. N Efficiency of Carnot Cycle: n= Ment BA) Calculation: Given: T, = 500K, T= 27°C = 300K, Q; = Qin = 1000kJ‘ a Using equation (1), Nearnot = 1 — Se = eB =? Wret = 1000 = 0.4 = 400 kJ ‘ = The maximum useful work = 400 kJ Alternate Methed: ~A Coneept: For reversible Carnot Cycle: HBR ..() ‘The maximum useful work, = Weer =Q5-O2 (2) Calculation: Given: T; = 500K, Tz = 27°C = 300 K, Q; = Qin = 1000 kJ Using equation (1), = 10 = B= Q, = 600 kT Using equation (2), = Wet = 1000 - 600 = Woe = 400 kd ee eo eee RCS eects=Ve au eile Te aca cad eet ester fgets jownload App MCQ Question 3 % View this Question Online > The maximum theoretical work obtainable, when a system interacts to equilibrium with areference environment, is called 2. Enthalpy 3. Exergy 4. Rothalpy R Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: Exeroy Availability and Irreversibility MCQ Question 3 Detailed Solution Explanation: * Exergy (or) sas, The maximum portion of energy that could be converted into useful work by idea! processes that reduce the system toa dead state(a state in equilibrium with the earth and its atmosphere). + Wmex = + Wact where I = Irreversibility (loss of available energy) + Enthalpy: It is the total amount of energy contained within a system. + Entropy: It is the degree of randomness of the system. xo Ce eRe Rar ltlial Start Complete Exam Preparation ee Rr oseented Pea Question Bank MCQ Question 4 a Which one of the following represents unavailability? 1. To(ASo) la 2. T(AS) ™‘~ 4. T(ASe) Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: T(AS) Availability and Irreversibility MCQ Question 4 Detailed Solution Explanation: Unavailability or Unavailable energy (UAE): >” View this Question Online > + According to II" law of thermodynamics complete conversion of heat into work isnot possible. Only a part of heat can be converted into work. + The maximum part of low-grade energy (heat) which is available for conversion is known as available energy. * The minimum part of heat which must be rejected is known as unavailable eneray.OR * Unavailability is the product of the lowest temperature of heat rejection and the change of entropy of the universe during the process of supplying heat. i.e. UAE =T.(AS) ae reece icy Start Complete Exam Preparation lee bee Peas iad so es Diels) jownload App MCQ Question 5 em ctr View this Question Online > One side of a wall is maintained at 400 K and the other at 300 K. The rate of heat transfer through the wall is 1000 W and the surrounding temperature is 25°C. Assuming no Generation of heat within the wall, hie gvorgsSity (in W) due to heat transfer through the wall is ‘Answer (Detailed Solution Below) 247-249 WMA cae Irreversibility MCQ Question 5 Detailed Solution Concept: The entropy of a system plus its surroundings (i.e. an isolated system) can never decrease (2nd law). The second law states (AS)system + (AS)surr. = 0, where A = final - initial (AS) system + (AS)surr > 0 irreversible (real world) (AS)system + (AS) sur = 0 reversible (frictionless, ideal) In an ideal case if Q is the heat supplied from a source at T, its availability or the maximum work it can deliver is Q (1-Tg /T) where Ty is the temperature of the surroundings. Invariably it will be less than this value. The difference is termed as irreversibility. Alternatively,ahaa santa re alae el liaataraiainin ee ay Uk (i Mathematically, 1= Tp ASuniverse . Calculation: J Given: Q= 1000 W, Tp = 25+ 273 = 298 if Ineversibility: : T=T)AS ynicerse AS unsverse = AS.aystem + AS gen AS niverse = ASaptem = (2) AS cnscrac = 2 (2. — 3.) = 1000 (1, — hy) = 0.833 W/K T=TpASyninerse = 298 x 0.833 = 248 W UGE SBR ker hia) Start Complete Exam Preparation Cee eye noes pokes ree jownload App Question Bank MCQ Question 6 é View this Question Online > For irreversible process, which relation is correct? 1. loss of exergy is indirectly proportional to rate of entropy generation 2. loss of exergy is directly proportional to rate of entropy generation 3 ee has no relation with rate of entropy generation 4. loss of exergy is equals to rate of entropy generationAnswer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: loss of exergy is directly proportional to rate of entropy generation Availability and Irreversibility MCQ Question 6 Detailed Solution Explanation: Exergy (or) Available Energy: The maximum portion of energy that could be converted into useful work by ideal processes that reduce the system to a dead state(a state in equilibrium with the earth and its atmosphere) Wmax= 1+ Wact where | = Irreversibility (loss of available energy) According to the Gouy-Stodolalfieorem, the loss of available eneray (Irreversibility) is given by To(AS) 00 where T,is the atmospheric temperature and (AS)gen is the entropy generation due to the heat transfer from one reservoir to another reservoir. Wrax= To(AS)gen + Woet + Loss of exergy is directly proportional to the rate of entropy generation. ee eRe ae OL pete Roca otc Start Complete Exam Preparation eres oes ips oregon MCQ Question 7 View this Question Online > The pressure, temperature and velocity of air flowing in a pipe are 5 bar, 500 K and 50 m/s, respectively. The specific heats of air at constant pressure and at constant volume are 1.005 kJ/kgK and 0.718 kJ/kaK, respectively. Neglect potential energy. If the Pressure and temperature of the surroundings are 1 bar and 300 K, respectively, the available energy in kJ/kg of the airstreamis 1. 170 =Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: 187 Availability and Irreversibility MCQ Question 7 Detailed Solution Concent: Available energy (AE) of systemis given as, (2-3) AE = (fy — hy) — To (Si — So) + (2 where, 1 denotes present condition and 0 denotes atmospheric condition and oo Entropy change is given by: Wl (a-sefin -Rin O Calculation: 19° one \ = 300K, os a KOK, cy = 0.718 kJ/kgK, vy = 50 m/s Py = 5 bar, p,=1 bar, Ty = 500K, T, Entropy change is: hy Rink (1 ~50)= ln gt — Rin (61 ~ 3¢) = 1-005 In Sy, — 0.287In £ = 0.051475. (-- R=-6p-c) = 1.005 ~ 0.718 = 0.287 ki/kgK) Available energy (AE) of system is: (2-3) AE = (hy ~ fg) ~ To(S1~ 89) + (8 > it ag AE = 1.005 « (500 -300) - 300 (0.05147) + “2 {: ¥o=0} AE = 201 — 15.441 + 1.25 = 186.809 kJ/kg= 187 kJ/kgeee epee Seen es PS Clam (MC m relied) Mock Tests eertsz7 MCQ Question 8 View this Question online > Areversible engine is operating with temperature limits of 800 K and 300 K. if ittakes 560 kJ of heat, then unavailable work should be: 1. 210kd 2. 200kJ 3: 175k 2 ¥ Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1: 210 kJ Availability and Irreversibility MCQ Question 8 Detailed Solution Concept: Unavailable work: The difference between the heat input to an engine and the maximum work done by the engine is known as unavailable work. Wunavatable = Qingut = Winax Tre = BET = We The = oe { Calculation:Wmax = 350 KJ. Wunavatabie = Qinout ~ Wimax Wunavaitabie = 560 - 350 = 210 kJ India's #1 Learning Platform eee ere PS ela Mee) CM cede lee Laced) al eung Practice Daca MasterClasses Cres eo Bea? Download App MCQ Question 9 ~~ Wiew this Question Online > 100 kJ of energy is transferred from a heat reservoir at 1000 K to a heat reservoir at 500 K. The ambient temperature is 300 K. The loss of available energy due to heat transfer process is 1. 20kJ » 2. 30kJ oye. 7 \ 4. 50kd Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2:30 kJAvailability and Irreversibility MCQ Question 9 Detailed Solution Concept: According to the Gouy-Stodola theorem, the loss of available energy (Irreversibility) is given by To(AS)gen where T, is the atmospheric temperature and (AS)zen is the entropy deneration due to the heat transfer from one reservoir to another reservoir. (A5)gen= $ B (AS) gen = “3 -2 alculation: ” Given: Q= 100 kJ and T; = 1000K, T; = 500 K (A5)—0= 38 3% (AS)gen = 0.1 kd/k, Then .- Loss of available eneray = To(AS)gen = 300 x 0.1 = 30 kJ eee teu) Start Complete Exam Preparation Sea east ioe ree heed foscie jownload App res teacrs PY rra) MCQ Question 10 View this Question Online > Which one of the following parameters is fata ascertain chemical equilibrium of a system? 1. Clapeyron equation — 9Vv. 3. Gibb's function 4, Helmholtz function Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3 : Gibb's function rat Availability and Irreversibility MCQ Question 10 Detailed Solution e Concept: ot Gibbs statement concerning equilibrium O Gibbs based his entire treatment of heterogeneou: ve on the following statements. The criteria of equilibrium of a materi: Nee isolated from all external influences may be 3} expressed in either of the following e nt forms, 1. For equilibrium of an system, it is necessary and sufficient thet in all possible variations of the state stem which do not alter its energy, the variations of its entropy shall either vanish or be negative. 2 (6S)es0 2. For equilibrium of any isolated system itis necessary and sufficient that in all possible variations of the state of the system which do not alter its entropy, the variations of its energy shall either vanish or be positive. + (6S)ez0