Activity 1

Thermodynamics

Name:_____________________________ Student ID:_______________ Date:________

______________________________ _______________

1. Complete the following table for water:

Show each state on a diagram with respect to the saturation lines.

2. A pressure cooker (closed tank) contains water at 100°C, with the liquid volume being 1/20 th of
the vapor volume. It is heated until the pressure reaches 2.0 MPa. Find the final temperature. Has
the final state more or less vapor than the initial state? Show the process on a P-v diagram with
respect to the saturation lines.

3. A pressure cooker has the lid screwed on tight. A small opening with A = 5 mm 2 is covered with
a petcock that can be lifted to let steam escape. How much mass should the petcock have to
allow boiling at 120°C with an outside atmosphere at 101.3 kPa?

4. Water initially at 200 kPa and 300°C is contained in a piston–cylinder device fitted with stops.
The water is allowed to cool at constant pressure until it exists as a saturated vapor and the piston
rests on the stops. Then the water continues to cool until the pressure is 100 kPa. On the T-v
diagram, sketch, with respect to the saturation lines, the process curves passing through the
initial, intermediate, and final states of the water. Label the T, P, and v values for end states on
the process curves. Find the overall change in internal energy between the initial and final states
per unit mass of water.