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9.9. BAU[NE_DDBNA=
t t t
v
Hix
Vp
Vpp
t
Hix
U9
t= tbohpn
= Ialu`n eo eosfiso
Eokohns idntir oa osto lréfbdn quo o` omo vortbdi` osti oa Vn`tbns, y o` omo
cnrbznati` osti oa uabeieos eo tbohpn, eofbabhns i dnatbauidbôa i`luais
eofbabdbnaos bhpnrtiatos
bhpnrtiatos eo osto lréfbdn.
Fnrhi eo Naei.- triyodtnrbi
triyodtnrbi triz
triziei
iei pnr uai diat
diatbeie
beie,, oa fuadbôa eo
i`luai virbik`o, quo piri o` disn osti oa o` tbohpn, tihkbâa puoeo ostir oa
fuadbôa eo `i pnsbdbôa, lriens, riebiaos, tohporituri, otd.
Vi`nr bastiatéaon.- hilabtue eo uai fnrhi eo naei oa i`lýa bastiato eo
tbohpn.
Ihp`btue pbdn.- vi`nr héxbhn eo uai fnrhi eo naei.
Vi`nr pbdn.- vi`nr héxbhn bastiatéaon eo uai fuadbôa.
Vi`nr pbdn-pbdn.- eoantien pnr Vp-p os o` vn`timo dnhp`otn oatro o` vi`nr
héxbhn y hèabhn, n pnsbtbvn y aolitbvn: os eodbr `i suhi eo `i hilabtue
eo` vi`nr pnsbtbvn y aolitbvn.
Fnrhi eo naei porbôebdi. - fnrhi eo naei quo so ropbto dnatbauihoato
eospuâs eo` hbshn batorvi`n eo tbohpn.
Worbnen (U).- batorvi`n eo tbohpn oatro ropotbdbnaos sudosbvis eo uai
fnrhi eo naei porbôebdi.
Db
Dbd` n.-- pirto eo uai fnrhi eo naei dnatoabei oa ua porbnen. Oa
d`n.
dnasoduoadbi so puoeo eofbabr quo uai soùi` os porbôebdi pnr sor dèd`bdi.
Froduoadbi.- aýhorn eo dbd`ns quo sudoeoa oa ua soluaen. @i froduoadbi
eo `i prbhori fnrhi eo naei sbluboato os eo 9 dbd`n pnr soluaen, `i
soluaei os eo ; dbd`ns pnr soluaen.
v v
U89s 9s
t t
U87.?s
9 9
k) U 97 4 s
9hs f
9777 Cz
97v
7 ? 9? ;? 4? t(hs)
To
Toas
asbbkb`b
kb`bei
eiee vort
ortbd
bdi`
i` 8 7.9 V/ebv ebvbsb
bsbôa
Toasbkb`beie cnrbznati` 8 ?7us/ebvbsbôa
Tn`udbôa=
_a dbd`n ikirdi duitrn ebvbsbnaos. O` porbnen os, pnr tiatn,
Naei soanbei`
Vh
? 4 <
;
5 ; 5
7 7
27· 937·
93 ;<7· 467·
4
( rie)
5 ; 5
t
t
;
U
; f
I`fi = os o` éalu`n oa riebiaos
Nholi = Vo`ndbeie
ialu
ialu`i `irr U = ooss oo`` ppor
orbn
bnen
en f=
froduoadbi `baoi`
Tn`udbôa=
f (; )(67
; )(67 Cz) 4<<rie / s
Omohp`n= eotorhbair `i froduoadbi y o` porbnen eo `i naei soanbei` eo `i
fbluri.
v
w8?77rie/s
7
Tn`udbôa=
U ; ; rie
rie ; rie
rie
9;.?<hs
9 9
f 4
<2.?3 Cz
U 9;.?<*97 s
9.;.4 Fnrh
Fnrhitn
itn loa
loaori`
ori` e
eo`
o` vn`
vn`timo
timo y ``ii dnrr
dnrrboato
boato so
soanbe
anbei`os
i`os
O` fnrhitn késbdn yi iatos eosdrbtn os o` quo hnstriens i dnatbauidbôa=
Ih soa
O` dué` an tboao abalýa eosfiso, enaeo i`fi osti oa lriens n riebiaos.
Enaeo=
t
Wiri 87.3 ( )
937 (7.3 ) 955
χ- γ χ+ γ
γ
7 7
γ
;χ- γ ;χ+ γ
dns soa
4
; ;
;
;
27·
soa t 27 soa
t dns tt
;
N kboa tihkbâa pneohns osdrbkbr=
;
@ns târhbans ieo`iatn y rotrisn so utb`bzia piri baebdir `i ro`idbôa oatro
ostis ens fnrhis eo naei soanbei`os eo `i hbshi froduoadbi lrifbdieis
snkro o` hbshn dnamuatn eo omos. Eofbabhns `is sbluboatos oxprosbnaos
dns( ) dns
9.4.;
.4.;.. Hoebd
oebdbn
bnao
aoss e
eoo F
Fis
isoo
O` prndoebhboatn eo dnaoxbôa piri utb`bzir ua nsdb`nsdnpbn y hoebr
éalu`ns eo fiso so dukro dna hiy hiynrnr eoti``o his iieo`iato.
eo`iato. Nksorvi
Nksorviaen
aen
ua nsdb`nsdnpbn,
nsdb`nsdnpbn, so eofbao `is ebv
ebvbsbnaos
bsbnaos `is dui`os sna ccnrbznati`os
nrbznati`os y
vortbdi`os, oa o` dué` osti prosoato `i soasbkb`beie vortbdi` y soasbkb`beie
cnrbznati`.
o
b
467
eosp`izihb oatn eo fiso( auhorn
eo ebvbsbnaos)
467
U (auhorn eo ebvbsbnaos)
Tb toaerèihn
toaerèihnss `n sblub
sbluboato
oato== soasb
soasbkb`b
kb`beie
eie vo
vortbd
rtbdi`8;V
i`8;V/Ebv
/Ebvbsbô
bsbôaa
Toasbkb`b
Toasbkb`beie
eie Cnrb
Cnrbznat
znati`8
i`8 7.;hs
7.;hs/Ebv
/Ebvbsbô
bsbôaa
Oatnados=
;ebv
467955
?ebv
Oatnados ebrohns quo o ieo`iati b pnr 955·
Éroi Ih soa e
e
7
h
I dns dns7
h
I 9 ( 9) Ih(;)
Éroi ; Ih
O` vi`nr prnhoebn oatnados soré=
; Ih
L 7.64< I
h
W hoebn
h oebn V B et
U7
9.5.
9.5.;; Vi
Vi`n
`nrr Ofo
Ofodt
dtbv
bvnn (rh
(rhs)s)
O` târhban rièz duieriei hoebi, eo` dui` so tnhia `is `otris dh, sbrvo
dnhn rodnreitnrbn eo dôhn so nktboao o` vi`nr dh: so tnhi `i rièz
duieriei hoebi eo `i fuadbôa o`oviei i` duierien. @i fuadbôa porbôebdi
loaori` y(t) tboao o` vi`nr ofodtbvn.
U t 7U
of 9 ; 9 ;
R y(t ) et y(t ) et
U7 U t 7
B h ; B ofodtbvn
ofodtbvn 9.595 B ofodtbvn
ofodtbvn
ofodtbvn 7.<7< O h
O ofodtbvn
O h ; O ofodtbvn
ofodtbvn 9.595 O ofodtbvn
ofodtbvn
9;
9;
962.<v
t(s)
t(s)
9s 9s ;s
t(s) 9s
i) @i ddnrrbo
nrrboato
ato piri o` solua
soluaen
en ddisn
isn oos=
s=
7.<7<962.<97 4 I9;7V
9.? [OT
[OTW_O
W_OTUI
TUI EO @NT O@O O@OHOA
HOAUNT
UNT KÉT
KÉTBDN
BDNT T[
[,, @ R D I _
_A
A
VN@UIMO R DN[[BOAUO TOANBEI@OT
@i rospuosti eo `ns o`ohoatns [@D so ostuebia i dnatbauidbôa=
i) [osbstnr
Wiri froduoadbis
dboatns eo `èaois
eo jb`ncortz, eo i`bhoatidbôa
`i rosbstoadbi, y froduoadbis
piri tnen eo cistian
prnpôsbtn prédtbdn uans
os
v [[
v h
b [[
b h
v h
b @
b h
v @ χ ;χ
27·
@
eb @
v @
et
Tb toaohns uai soùi` eo oatriei soanbei`, toaerohns oatnados quo eorbvir
`i fuadbôa eo `i dnrrboato=
e
v @ @ B h soa t
t @B h dns tt
@ B h dns t t
et
S @ V h
B h
d) Dipidbtnr
Wiri ua dihkbn pirtbdu`ir oa o` vn`timo oa o` dipidbtnr, i hiynr vi`nr eo
D
ev D
b D
et
b D > v h
v D D
b h b D D
χ ;χ
v D V h soa t
27·
e
b D D t D
V h soa V h dns t
dipidb
dipidbtia
tiadbi
dbi,, hiynr
hiynr sor
soréé `i dnr
dnrrbo
rboato
ato dip
dipidb
idbtb
tbvi
vi ros
rosu`t
u`tia
iato.
to. Wir
Wirii ua
uaii
bD DV h
DV dns t pnr prnpboeie
trblnanhotrbdi sikohns = dns soa
27
V@
+ -
V @ @Bsoa t
b V @ @B dns t 27
27
@
b
VD
+ - B B
V D soa t V D dns t
D
27 D
D 27 D
D
Oatriei= Vn`timo v Vsoa t v V dns t t
+ v -
v v
b[ b [ soa t b [ dns t
[
[ [
v
+ -
V V
b@ b @ soa t b @ dns t
bD
@
27 @ 27 @
v
+ - DVsoa t
bD DVsoa
DV dns t 27
bD DV
D
27
9.6
9.6 Wn
Wnto
toad
adbi
bi Bast
Bastia
iaté
téao
aoii
i) Oa ua o`o
o`ohoa
hoatn
tn ros
rosbst
bstbvn
bvn==
;
V B h
p(t ) h 9 dns t t
; ;
;
V B h
p(t ) h soa; t t
; ;
V B h
p(t ) h soa; tt
; ;
;
DV ;
\ D h
;
OMO[DBDBNT [OT_O@UNT
9.9 Eotorhbair oa `i fbluri sbluboato, `n sbluboato=
i) O` éal
éalu`n
u`n oa o` quo `i h
hilabt
ilabtue
ue eo `i fu
fuadbô
adbôaa soanbei`
soanbei` v89
v8977 soa 4<
4<<t
<t os 5v
k) Eotorhbair o` hnhoatn oa o` i`diaz
i`diazii `i h
hilabtue,
ilabtue, os eo
eodbr
dbr oa quo tbohpn.
v(V)
5
97
7 t9 t;
27· 937·
Tn`udbôa=
i) Wneo
Wneohns
hns di`
di`du`i
du`irr o` éalu`n
éalu`n sblu
sbluboae
boaenn o` sbl
sbluboa
uboato
to riz
riznaihb
naihboatn
oatn==
v Ih soa 9,
eospomihns 9
v
soa 9
Ih
5v
soa 9 soa 97.5 ;4.?<3
9
97v
Oa `i fbluri pneohns di`du`ir u nksorvir ntrn éalu`n quo `n ``ihirohns
i`fi ;, oa o` dué` roi`bzihns o` sbluboato dé`du`n=
; 937 ;4.?<39?6.5;;
k) di`du`ihns `n
`nss tbohpns roquorb
roquorbens.
ens.
(rie ) ;4.?<3 7.599rie
937
7.599rie
t 9 9.72hs
4<<rie / s
(rie ) 9?6.5;; ;.<4rie
937
;.<4rie
t ; <.;5hs
4<<rie / s
t(s)
7.7? 7.97 7.9?
R prnh 9 U yet 97.7?97o ;77t eett 97o ;77t 77.7? 9o 97 o7
9.77
U7 7.7? 7 7.7?(;77)
Rh
χ wt(rie)
9 ;
R
prnh e ( tt ) 7e ( tt )
R h soa tte
; 7
9 9 9
R prnh ;
7 h e ( t t)
R soa tte R hdns t t 7
;
R hdns dns7 7.493R h
;
9.5 Oa `i sbl
sbluboato
uboato naei rodtialu`ir, di`du`ir VED y V[HT
I
U/; U t
-I
Tn`udbôa=
i) O` vi`n
vi`nrr h
hoe
oebn
bn VED so di`du`i dna `i sbluboato fôrhu`i
9
V ; [HT 9 U (V (t ))
)); et 9 U U ; U ; I
I;et U ( I); et
U7 U7 ;
; I
I
U/; 4U/; ;U
U
t
Tn`udbôa=
U ;
I 9
Iet (U ;) I ;
U ;
U
; ;
9 ;
I
I
I .et (U ;)
U 7 U ;
I
V [HT
;
V ED
U7
V ; [HT
I
U ;U t
Tn`udbôa=
V ED 9 U
7 UItet 9UIt ;; U 7 ;U I; U ;
I;
U U
9 I
t
V [HT I
4
I
wt
χ ;χ
Tn`udbôa
U U
9 9 9
V ED v(t )et v t
t e
t Isoa e
I
Dns 7 U 7
t 7 ; 7 ;
V ED I 99 I
;
I
V ; [HT ;9 7 IToa ;e ; ;
7 Toa; e
U
; I ; U 7 9Dns; ;
e
V ; [HT I; Toa;; 5 I ; 7 I5;
7
5
V [HT I
;
9.3 Eiei `i naei, eotorhbair V ED, V[HT
I
wt
χ ;χ
Tn`udbôa
U U
I
Dns 7 U 7
t 7 7
V ; [HT 9 7 IToa ;e
I; U 7 Toa; ee
I ;
; ;
I
V [HT ;
9.2 To baebdi o` vn`timo eo ua rosbstnr. Oaduoatro `i oxprosbôa soanbei` piri `i
dnrrboato sb o` rosbstnr os eo 97 . trido `is durvis piri v o b .
i. v 977 soa 4<<t
k. v ;? soa(4<<t 67)
Tn`udbnaos.
67·
9.97 To pr
prnpnr
npnrdbnai
dbnai `i ddnrrb
nrrboato
oato i triv
trivâs
âs eo uai k
knkba
nkbaii eo 77.9
.9 C. Oatro `i
oxprosbôa soanbei` piri o` vn`timo oa `i knkbai. Urido `is durvisv o b .
i. b 97 soa 4<<t
k. b < soa(4<<t <7)
i) S ` @ (4<< rie / s)(7.9 C ) 4<.<
V h B h S @ (97 I)(4<.<) 4<<V
R sik
sikohn
ohnss quo piri uai knkb knkbai
ai v ieo`iati i b pnr 27·. Wnr
tiatn,
@is v 4<<
durvis soa
ostéa (4<<t oa27`ifbluri
trizieis ) sbluboato
V h84<<v v@
v ieo`iati
ieo`iati i
b pnr
pnr 27· b@
B h897 I
27·
;7·
<7·
27·
v ieo`iati
ieo`iati i b pnr
pnr 27·
9.9; I dnatbauidbôa
dnatbauidbôa so prnpnrdbnai o` vn`timo oa ua ddipidbtnr
ipidbtnr eo 9 F
F ¾Dué` os
`i oxprosbôa soanbei` piri `i dnrrboato> Urido `i durvi eo b y v. v 47 Toa
577t
Tn`udbôa
9 9 976
S d D (577 rie / s)(9 x97 6 F ) 577 ;?77
V h 47V
B h 7.79;7 I9;hI
S D ;?77
Tikohns quo b so oaduoatri rotrisiei dna rospodtn v pnr 27· pnr tiatn
97 4 soa(577t 27)
b 9; S 97
bD
B h89;h I
27·
b ieo`iati
ieo`iati i v pnr
pnr 27·
9.94 To prnpnrdbn
prnpnrdbnai
ai `i dnrrboato
dnrrboato i triv
trivâs
âs eo ua dipidbtn
dipidbtnrr eo 977 F.
oaduoatro `i oxprosbôa soanbei` piri o` vn`timo oa o` dipidbtnr. b 57
soa(?77t 67)
Tn`udbôa
;.9 F_AEIHOAUNT
Eofbabrohns iatos `i roprosoatidbôa pn`ir eo `is naeis soanbei`os=
i) Fnrhi rodtialu`ir
O` fnrhitn piri uai fnrhi rodtialu`ir os=
D S mR
m
D8S+mR
-m S
k) Fnrhi Wn`ir
_a aýhorn dnhp`omn oa fnrhi pn`ir so eofbao eo `i sbluboato hiaori=
D ]
Enaeo
D= aýhorn ddnnhp`omn
]= Hôeu`n eo` aýh ýhorornn dnh
nhpp`om
omnn
γ= so hbe
hbeoo oa dn
dnatr
atrii eo `is hia
hiaodb
odb``i
``iss eo`
eo` ro
ro`nm
`nm i ppirt
irtbr
br eeo`
o` oomo
mo roi
roi`` pnsb
pnsbtbv
tbvnn
D
]
]
R
γ
- m S
[odtialu`ir i pn`ir
] S
;
R
;
9
tia R
S
Wn`ir i rodtialu`ir
S ] dns
R ]soa
e) Hu`tbp`bdidbôa oa fnrhi pn`ir
D 9 ] 9 9 D ; ] ; ;
Osdrbkbhns=
] ; | 9 ;
D 9D ; ] 9 ]
o) Ebvbsbôa oa fnrhi pn`ir
D 9 ] 9 | 9 ; =
D ; ] ;
;.; [OW[OTOAUIDBNA FITN[BI@
Eofbabhns quo V v B b
Enaeo v o b sna vi`nros [HT y γ os o` éalu`n eo fiso. Eoko soùi`irso quo oa `i
an
anti
tidb
dbôa
ôa fi fisn
snrb
rbi`
i`,, `i naei
naei so
soan
anbe
bei`
i` os `i rofo
roforo
road
adbi
bi,, y `i fr
frod
oduo
uoad
adbi
bi an so
ropros
roprosoat
oati.
i. O` é`lokr
é`lokrii eo fis
fisnro
nross piri
piri soù
soùi`o
i`oss soa
soanb
nbei`
ei`os
os sn`
sn`nn os ip`
ip`bdi
bdik`o
k`o
ýabdihoato piri fnrhis eo naei quo tboaoa `i hbshi froduoadbi.
Omordb
Omordbdbn
dbn== Oad
Oaduoa
uoatro
tro o` vvn`t
n`timo
imo eo oatr
oatriei
iei pir
pirii o`
o` db
dbrdu
rdubtn
btn eo ``ii fb
fblur
lurii
f
sb= vi ?7 soa(4<<t 47) vk 47 soa(4<<t 67)
67 Cz
+ vi -
+
+
ooatriei vk
-
Tn`udbôa=
I@ ip`bdir `i `oy eo vn`timo eo jbrdccnff toaohns=
ooatriei vi vk
O oatriei
oatrieivi k v
(47.69V m9<.63V )97.69V m93.4<V 59.;;V m46.7?
V i` dnavortbr eo `i fnrhi rodtialu`ir i `i pn`ir rosu`ti= O oatriei
oatriei
59.9<) y
ooatriei <<.54 soa(4<<t 59.9<)
soa
t 67
4
b 9;7 97
U
b;8>
Tn`udbôa=
I` ip`bdir `i `oy eo dnrrboato eeoo jbdccnff so nktboa
nktboao=
o=
bU b9 b; n b; bU b9
I` dnavortbr eo` enhbabn eo` tbohpn i` enhbabn eo` fisnr
rosu
rosu`t
`ti=
i= bU 9;7 S 97
97 4 soa( t
67) 35.35hI67 b9
37 S 97
97 4 soa t ?6.?6hI7
B ; B U B 9
5;.5;hI m<4.5<hI?6.?6hI m7
95.95hI m<4.5<hI
I` dnavortbr eo `i fnrhi rodtialu`ir i `i pn`ir toaohns=
B ; <5.3;977.32