Past simple Present Perfect

 Өнгөрсөн хорвоо  Өнгөрснөөс өдий хүртэл, одоог хүртэл

 Дууссан цаг хугацаа (өчигдөр)  Дуусаагүй цаг хугацаа (өнөөдөр)
 Өнгөрсөнд болсон үйл явдал  Амьдралын туршлага, хийж үзсэн / үзээгүй
 Цаг хугацаа нь тодорхой (t заасан үгс)  Цаг хугацаа нь тодорхойгүй / чухал биш
 Нарийн ширийн деталь (when, where)  Одоо харагдаж буй / гарсан үр дүн нь чухал

1. Өнгөрсөн (if the time period is finished) 1. Туршлага (to discuss experiences in
continuing, ongoing time periods)

(a) My past career: (a) My current career:

I taught many students when I was a yoga instructor. I have taught English to many students.

my yoga career my teaching career

past now future past now future

My career is over. I’m not a yoga instructor now. I’m still an language teacher.
I was for some time. During that time, I taught yoga So my career isn’t finished.
to many students. But then I quit that line of work It’s continuing.
and become a full time language teacher.

(b) Amara visited France in 2005. (b) Amara has visited France 4 times.

2005 Amara’s life

past now future past now future

2005 is in the past. Amara has visited France 4 times, in his life.
Цаг хугацаа нь тодорхой. His life is still continuing. Цаг хугацаа нь тодорхойгүй.

(c) We saw 2 movies last week. (c) We have seen 2 movies this week.

last week this week

past now future past now future

Last week is gone. Тoday is Saturday.

Цаг хугацаа нь тодорхой. So, this week is not finished.
We might see another movie before the end of the week.
2. Ойрын үед болсон зүйлс (recent actions or events)
Үр дүн нь одоо харагдаж байгаа.
Time expressions (recently, just, already, yet)

I have finished my homework.

When did she finished it? Maybe 5 or 10 minutes ago. But that’s not important.
The important thing is the completion of the homework.
That now, the girl finished her homework just a few minutes ago.
She is not saying the specific time because it’s not necessary.
If you want to mention the specific time, you should use the past simple tense.

I finished my homework at 6:30 pm.

My brother has lost his glasses.

We don’t say when because the important thing is

That now, my brother doesn’t have his glasses.
If you want to mention the specific time, you should use the past simple tense.

My brother lost his glasses at the party.

The police have arrested a young man in connection with the robbery.

So, there was a robbery in the neighborhood recently.

And now, the police have a young suspect in custody.
The exact time of the arrest is not important.
If you want to mention the specific time, you should use the past simple tense.

The police arrested a young man last night in connection with the robbery.

last night

past at 6:30 now future

at the party