tenses

NOW

PAST TIME FUTURE TIME

THE PERFECT TENSE
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
&
PAST PERFECT TENSE
&
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
• The Present Perfect Tense :

Give the idea that one thing happens before another

time or event.

Untuk mengekpresikan bahwa:

SUATU KEJADIAN TERJADI SEBELUM KEJADIAN YANG LAIn

Form of Sentence

Subject + Have/Has + Verb 3 (Past Participle)

Penggunaan HAVE atau HAS, tergantung dari SUBJECT yang digunakan;

SUBJECT ATAS -HAVE

atau
SUBJECT BAWAH HAS
 now
Present Perfect

eat
past future
x X
I am not hungry now
I have already eaten

I am not hungry now.

I have already eaten
 I am not hungry now.
I have already eaten
Kalau diterjemahkan berarti,
SAYA TIDAK LAPAR SAAT INI, SAYA SUDAH MAKAN.

Perhatikan:
TENSES YANG DIGUNAKAN PADA KALIMAT PERTAMA (I am not hungry now) aalah Simple
Present.
TENSES PADA KALIMAT KEDUA, Present Perfect ( kegiatan ini dilakukan sebelum kata HUNGRY
TERJADI dalam kejadiannya).

PRESENT PERFECT AKAN BERDAMPINGAN DENGAN KALIMAT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE.
Ada ekspresi penggunaan
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

CAPTION BERIKUTNYA
1
PRESENT PERFECT
The present perfect
expresses the idea that
something happened
a) They have (or never happened)
moved into a before now, at an
new apartement unspecified time in the
b) Have you ever past. The exact time it
visited Mexico ? happened is not
important.
x c) I have already If there a specific time
seen that movie mention of time, the
d) She has never simple past is used:
seen snow I saw that movie last
night
 1

Present Perfect Mengekspresikan kegiatan lampau, hampir sama dengan PAST TENSE, perbedaannya
Present Perfect, ada hubungan dengan kejadian saat ini, kalau Past Tense, kegiatannya existing
masa lalu saja.

Dalam penggunaan Present Perfect penggunaan waktu tidak begitu penting, jika ada waktu tertentu
yang digunakan maka Simple Past Tense yang digunakan.
Contoh:
They have moved to a new apartment. (Present Perfect)
They moved to a new apartment last month. (Simple Past Tense)
2

PRESENT PERFECT
a) We have had four
tests so far this
semester
b) I Have writen my girl The present perfect also
friend a letter every expresses the
other day for last repetition of an activity
two weeks. before now. The exact
c) I have met many time of each repetition
x people since I came is not important.
**** here in June.
d) I have flown on an
airplane many
times.
 2

Present Perfect juga bisa digunakan untuk Mengekspresikan KEGIATAN YANG BERULANG DIMASA
LAMAPU SAMPAI SEKARANG.

Contoh:
We have had four tests so far this semester.

I have flown on an airplane many times.

3

PRESENT PERFECT
a) They have been The present perfect
here since seven also, when used with
for or since, expresses
a clock. the situation that
b) She Has been began in the past and
here for two continues to the
weeks. present.
c) I have had this In the examples,
notice the difference
same fair of between since and for
x
shoes for three :
years. since + a particular
d) I have liked time
cowboy movies
for + a duration time
since I was a
child.
 3
Present Perfect juga bias menggunakan SINCE dan FOR yang
mengekpresikan kegiatan masa lampau dan masih berjalan samapi saat
ini.

Since, digunakan untuk menentukan kapan dimulainya (particular time.

Contoh: I h
I have watched cowboy movies since I was a child.

For, digunakan untuk menunjukan durasi waktu dari kegiatan.

Contoh:
I have had this same fair of shoes for three years.
 PENGGUNAAN PRESENT PERFECT
a) John has already eaten lunch
b) Ann hasn’t eaten lunch yet
X c) Have you ever eaten at that
restaurant?
d) I have never eaten there
e) . Pete has eaten at the restaurant
many times
f) I’ve been to that theatre five or six
times.
g) I’ve had three tests so far this week.
i) Erica has lived in this city since 1989
j) I have known Ben for two years.
k) We have been in the class since ten
o’clock thjis morning
The present perfect expresses
activities or situation that
occurred (or did not occur)
“before now”, at some
unspecified in the past.
The present perfect expresses
activities that were repeated
several or many times in the past.
The exact times are unspecified.
When the present perfect is used
with SINCE or FOR, it expresses
situation that began in the past
and continue to the present.
exercise (1)

1. 1. (she, fly) Ms. Parker travels to Surabaya, frequently………... there

many times.
2. (they, know) Bob and Jane are old friends ………...each other for a long
time.
3. 3. (it, be) I don’t like this weather,…......................... cold and cloudy
for the last three days.
4. (he, finish) Rob can go to bed now, ………….his homework.
5. 5. (he, be) Matt is at home in bed, ………… for three days.
exercise (2)

1. 1. My parents …………(retired yet/has retired/have retired)

2. 2. Your sister ……….. my car (have borrowed/has
borrowed/has borrow)
3. 3. Have you ……….. the movie yet? (watched/have wached/seen).
4. 4. Water ………… found on Mars (has been/has be/have).
5. 5. I have ………….. all my money. (spend/spent/has spend).
6. 6. They ………… you a cake. (have maded/have make/have
made).
exercise (3)

1. A: Have you ever been in Europe?

B: Yes, I have. I (be) ………….. in Europe
No, have not, I have never been in Europe.
2. A: Have you ever eaten at Al’s Steak House?
B: Yes , ………..., I (eat) ………………..there many times.
exercise (4)

1. Menggunakan SIMPLE PAST dan PREAENT PERFECT.

2. 1. A: Have you ever been in Europe?
3. B: Yes, I have. I (be) ………….. in Europe.
1. In fact I (be) …………….in Europe last week.
4. 2. A: Have you ever eaten at Al’s Steak House?
5. B: Yes , ………..., I (eat) ………………..there many times.
6. Actually, my wife and I (eat) ………….. There last night.
7. 3. Bob (have, ever) ……………….. a job?
8. Yes, he ……….. He (have) ……….. lost of part-time jobs. Last
summer he (have) ………… a job at his uncle’s waterbed store.
Form of Sentence

S + had + past participle (V3)

I had already finished my second semester,

by the time final semester was end,
Kalimat yang pertama: I had already finishes my second semester adalaH PAST PERFEC
Sedangkan kalimat yang kedua by the time final semester was end adalah PAST TENSE
JADI
PAST PERFECT BERJODOH DENGAN PAST TENSE
PAST PERFECT
a) My parents had already
eaten by the time I got
home.
b) Until yesterday, I had never Th e past perfect expresses
heard about it. an activity that was
x x c) The thief simply walked in. completed before another
Someone had forgotten to activity or time in the past
lock the door.
d) Sam had already left when
we got there

e) Sam had left before we went

there
f) After the guest had left, I
went to bed.
Compare the PRESENT PERFECT and the PAST
PERFECT

a) I
am not hungry now. I The present perfect
have already eaten. expresses an activity that
occurred “before now” at
an unspecified time in the
X X past.
The past perfect expresses an
b) I was not hungry at 1:00 activity that occurred before
PM. I had already eaten. another time in the past.
In (b): I ate at noon. I was not
Before 1:00

1:PM

hungry at 1:00 PM, because I

had already eaten before 1:PM.
X X
 Future Perfect Tense

TENSE INI MENGEKSPRESIKAN AKTIVITAS YANG AKAN SUDAH SELESAI

Expresses
SEBELUM an activity
KEGIATAN LAINYA that willYANG
DI MASA be completed
AKAN DATANG
I will graduate in June. I will see you in July.
By the next time I see you. I will have
graduated.
saya akan diwisuda bulan juni. saya akanbertemu
kamu pada bulan Juli.Pada saat saya ketemu
kamu, saya akn sudah melaksanakan wisuda.
Form of Sentence

S + will + have + past participle (V3)

 a) I will graduate
in June. I will
see you in July.
By the next Notice:
time I see you. in the examples by
the time introduces
I will have a time clause; the
graduated. simple present is
b) I will finished used in the clause.
my home work
x by the time I
go out on a
date to night.

END