Gramatica limbii engleze Prezentul Perfect

(The Present Perfect Tense)

Cum se formeaza
has/have + past participle

Cand se foloseste & Exemple

1. pentru o actiune trecuta cand nu se precizeaza timpul exact (dar se stie ca e in trecut)

I have seen that movie 10 times. (Am vazut acel film de 10 ori.) Yes, I have seen that movie. (Da, am vazut acel film.)
Uneori se pot folosi adverbe de frecventa sau de timp care nu precizeaza timpul cu exactitate (ever, never, often, seldom, always, sometimes):

I have never seen him. (Nu l-am vazut niciodata.)

2. actiunea din trecut are repercursiuni in prezent

I have seen an interesting museum.

(Am vazut un muzeu interesant.) ... in prezent imi amintesc bine acel muzeu.

A terrible accident has happened.

(Un accident teribil a avut loc.) ... inca sunt afectat de acel lucru.
3. actiunea e terminata in trecutul apropiat.

It has just rained. (Tocmai a plouat.)

recently, lately, latterly, till now, up to now, so far, up to the present, last week.
4. cand actiunea e inceputa in trecut, continua in prezent si se folosesc FOR sau SINCE

In general, propozitiile contin adverbe precum just,

I have been at home since 5Pm. (Sunt acasa de la ora 5 pm.) I have been at home for 2 hours. (Sunt acasa de 2 ore.)
SINCE: specifica de la ce data/ ora. FOR: specifica perioada

In cazul in care actiunea/ activitatea e facuta fara intrerupere sau se doreste accentuarea ei se va folosi The Present Perfect Continuous 5. in propozitiile care se folosesc adverbele YET (=INCA) si ALREADY (=DEJA)

Have you learned Polish curses already ?

(Ai invatat deja cursurile in poloneza? )

I have already learned the Polish curses.

(Am invatat dj cursurile in poloneza.)

I have not learned the Polish curses yet.

(Inca nu am invatat cursurile in poloneza.)

6. cand actiunea trecuta s-a desfasurat intr-o perioada care a inceput in trecut dar care nu s-a terminat I have eaten a good cake this morning. (este ora 9 am si dimineata nu s-a terminat)

(Am mancat o prajitura buna in aceasta dimineata.)

In acest caz se folosesc constructii ca: this day, all night, today, etc.

week, this day, this year, this month, all