Pengertian Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense a tense that describes an event that occurred before a specific time in the past
and was completed before another event that happened in the past as well. This tense consists of
a combination of perfect aspects (before a specific time in the past) and a past time frame (past).

Rumus Past Perfect Tense

This tense is formed by the past form of auxiliary verb have or has, namely had and past
participle (verb 3). All subjects whether singular or plural use had.
Bentuk Rumus Past Perfect Tense Contoh Kalimat
Positif
(+) · Subjek +  had + verb 3 · They had studied
Negatif
(-) · Subjek +  had + not + verb 3 · They had not studied
Interogatif
(?) · Had+ subjek + verb 3? · Had they studied?

Past Perfect and Simple Past

When two events happened in the past:
 Past perfect is used for events that occur earlier (the earliest event).
 Simple past is used for events that occur after (the next most recent event).
Example of sentences:

When I met him, he had changed a lot.

Kejadian pertama yaitu he had changed a lot.

Kejadian kedua yaitu I met him.

Before, After, By the Time, dan By

In past perfect tense, time signal usually use is before, after, by the time,  dan by.

Penjelasan
·      Before, after, and by the time indicate the sequence of events, where the events before the
time statement occur first.

Contoh:

They had arrived          before I arrived

Kejadian pertama         Kejadian kedua
She had left                   after they come

Kejadian pertama         Kejadian kedua

I had slept                      by the time my parents arrived

Kejadian pertama         Kejadian kedua

 
Before and after can be preceded by past perfect tense or simple past tense.  However, by the
time must always be preceded by the sentence past perfect tense. • By can also be used to
indicate the sequence of events, but is generally followed by a noun phrase, becoming a by +
noun phrase.

Contoh kalimat:

She had read all of her books    by the last holiday.

Kejadian pertama                         Kejadian kedua

Artinya, subjek she telah membaca bukunya (kejadian pertama) saat liburan terakhir dimulai
(kejadian kedua).

Penggunaan
Penggunaan Contoh Kalimat
· When she arrived at home, all of her family had
a) Untuk menunjukkan aksi di masa lampau slept.
yang selesai terjadi sebelum aksi masa Artinya, keluarga subjek she sudah tidur (kejadian
lampau lainnya terjadi. pertama) saat she tiba di rumah (kejadian kedua).
Biasanya, kejadian yang terjadi sesudah
bentuk past perfect adalah dalam bentuk · They had left by the time we came.
simple past.
Artinya, subjek they telah pergi (kejadian pertama)
pada saat kami tiba (kejadian kedua).

· I had been married twice.

b) Untuk menunjukkan frekuensi kejadian · They had applied many times.
yang telah berlangsung di masa lalu.
Bentuk past perfect tense dalam kedua kalimat
tersebut menunjukkan seberapa sering aksi tersebut
terjadi di masa lalu.
c) Untuk menunjukkan pengandaian yang
tidak mungkin terjadi lagi karena sudah · If Alex had called you a bit earlier, you would not
terjadi di masa lalu (jenis conditional have missed your flight.
statement tipe 3) Artinya, subjek you ketinggalan penerbangannya.

 
To show a presupposition that may not
happen again because it has happened in · If they had cancelled the plan, she would not have
the past sufferred from embarassment.

Artinya, subjek she merasakan malu akibat rencana

subjek they yang tidak dibatalkan.

Semua kejadian tersebut merupakan kejadian pada

masa lampau yang sudah terjadi dan tidak bisa
berubah.

Past Perfect vs Present Perfect

Past Perfect Tense Present Perfect Tense

Gunakan past perfect untuk memperlihatkan
perbedaan dua kejadian yang terjadi di masa
lalu. Gunakan present perfect untuk menghubungkan
  kejadian di masa lalu dan kejadian di masa
sekarang.
Contoh kalimat:  

They were excited because they had won the Contoh kalimat:
competition.
They are excited because they have won the
  competition.
Pengertian Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect tense is a tense that describes an event that occurred before a specific time in the
past but still continues to this day. This tense consists of a combination of perfect aspects (before
a specific time in the past) and a present time frame (the present).
In addition, this tense can also describe an event that began and ended in the past but the effect is
still felt until now. In short, this tense is used as a link between the past and the present.

Rumus Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense is formed with auxiliary verb have or has and past participle (verb 3). Have
is paired with subjects I, You, We, and They while Has is used for subjects He, She, and It.

Bentuk Rumus Present Perfect Tense Contoh Kalimat

Positif · I/You/We/They + have + verb 3 · They have lived in Jakarta for a long time
(+) · He/She/It + has + verb 3 · He has learned English for one year
Negatif · I/You/We/They + have + not + verb 3 · They have not lived in Jakarta for a long time
(-) · He/She/It + has + not + verb 3 · He has not learned English for one year
Interogatif · Have + I/You/We/They + verb 3? · Have they lived in Jakarta for a long time?
(?) · Has + He/She/It + verb 3? · Has he learned English for one year?
For dan Since
In present perfect tense, time signal ussualy use is for dan since. Penjelasannya adalah sebagai
berikut:

For Since
· Digunakan untuk menunjukkan berapa lama · Digunakan untuk menunjukkan kapan suatu
periode waktu berlangsung. periode waktu dimulai.
Contoh kalimat: Contoh kalimat:

I have lived in New York for five years. I have lived in New York since five years ago.

Artinya, lima tahun adalah berapa lama subjek I Artinya, subjek I mulai tinggal di New York
sudah tinggal di New York. sejak lima tahun yang lalu.

 .For dapat dihilangkan dalam suatu kalimat  . Since tidak dapat dihilangkan dalam kalimat
present perfect tense karena keterangan waktu present perfect tense karena bisa menghilangkan
ini masih bisa dimengerti meskipun tidak fungsi keterangan waktu itu sendiri dan makna
disertai dalam kalimat. kalimat.

Contoh: Contoh:

(+) He has worked here (for) several years. (+) He has worked here since June.
(-) He has not worked here (for) several years.

(?) (For) how long has he worked here?

BUKAN:  He has worked here June.
 .Ada beberapa kata kerja yang tidak bisa
digunakan bersamaan dengan kata for, seperti:  

 She has arrived in New York for two years. (-) He has not worked since June

 Kalimat ini tidak benar karena kata arrive Bukan: He has not worked June.
menggambarkan kejadian yang terjadi sekali
dan tidak berlanjut untuk suatu periode waktu  
tertentu.Kalimat yang benar seharusnya
berbentuk simple past sebagai berikut: (?) Since when has he worked here?

She arrived in New York three years ago. Bukan: when has he worked here?

Penggunaan
Penggunaan Contoh Kalimat
a) Untuk menjelaskan suatu kejadian
yang dimulai pada masa lampau · We have lived in New York for three years.
(past) dan masih berlanjut sampai · She has studied in Melbourne since two years ago.
sekarang.
Kedua kejadian tersebut dimulai pada masa lampau
dan masih berlanjut sampai sekarang. Artinya, We
masih tinggal di New York dan She masih belajar di
Melbourne sampai saat ini.

b) Untuk menjelaskan kejadian yang

dimulai dan berakhir di masa
lampau dan efeknya masih berlanjut · Alan has lied to all of us
sampai sekarang.
· I have tasted the cake
Kedua kejadian tersebut dimulai dan berakhir di masa
lampau dan efeknya masih bisa dirasakan sampai
sekarang. Artinya, I masih bisa merasakan rasa kue
tersebut meskipun sudah mencicipinya pada masa
lalu. Dan, kebohongan Alan masih bisa dirasakan
meskipun Alan berbohong pada masa lalu juga. Jadi,
gunakan present perfect tense.

c) Untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu
kejadian terjadi berulang kali di
masa lampau.
· Alex has called you five times
· I have read the book several times
Semua kejadian tersebut merupakan kejadian yang
terjadi berulang kali di masa lampau. Biasanya
 menggunakan adverb of number.

d) Untuk mengungkapkan kejadian

yang baru saja terjadi atau · My father has just gone to the office.
dilakukan. · They have just announced the winner.

Semua kejadian tersebut baru saja terjadi. Biasanya

kata adverb just digunakan untuk tujuan ini.

Pengertian Future Perfect Tense

Future Perfect Tense is a form of tense that is used to declare an event that will be completed in
the future. When we use this Tense, we carry ourselves into the future and look back at the
events that will be finished at that time.

Rumus Future Perfect Tense

Rumus Future Perfect Tense cukup sederhana yaitu will + have + Verb 3 (past participle). Rumus
tersebut tidak akan berubah meskipun kita menggunakan subjek tunggal atau jamak.

Berikut ini rumus Future Perfect Tense:

1. Rumus Kalimat Positif

Subject + will + have + Verb 3

Contoh kalimat:

 I will have left.

 I will have arrived.
2. Rumus Kalimat Negatif

Subject + will + not + have + Verb 3

Contoh kalimat:

 I will not have left.

 I will not have arrived.
Kita bisa menggunakan singkatan won’t untuk menggantikan will not.

3. Rumus Kalimat Interogatif

Will + Subject + have + Verb 3?

Contoh kalimat:

 Will I have left?

 Will I have arrived?
4. Rumus Kalimat Interogatif Negatif

Will + not + Subject + have + Verb 3?

Contoh kalimat:

 Will not I have left?

 Will not I have arrived?

Kita juga bisa menggunakan singkatan won’t untuk menggantikan will not pada jenis kalimat
Interogatif Negatif ini.

Penggunaan Future Perfect Tense

Different Future Perfect Tense dengan Simple Future Tense.

 Future Perfect Tense

Jason will have left at 10.00 o’clock.

Makna: Jason sudah pergi pada pukul 10.00.

 Simple Future Tense

I will leave at 10.00 o’clock.

Makna: Jason menunggu jam 10.00 untuk pergi.

Kedua Tense tersebut menunjukkan makna yang berbeda antara satu dengan yang lainnya. Namun,
penggunaan Future Perfect Tense terkadang bisa digantikan dengan Simple Future Tense. Tidak ada
perbedaan makna pada dua contoh kalimat ini:

 Future Perfect Tense

I will have left before Sarah arrives.

 Simple Future Tense

I will leave before Sarah arrives.

Namun, tanpa Preposition seperti before atau by the time yang menjelaskan urutan kejadian(sequence
of event) kita harus menggunakan Future Perfect Tense untuk memperlihatkan kejadian yang terjadi
lebih dulu.
Kapan Tidak Menggunakan
These tenses are only used for actions that will be completed before a certain point in the future.
In other words, the action we are talking about must have a deadline. If we don't mention the
deadline, use Simple Future Tense, not Future Perfect Tense. Example:

 Jason wil leave. (benar)

 Jason will have left. (salah)
.
Deadlines can be very specific (for example at 5.00 AM) or can be unclear (for example next
week). It can even depend on when another event occurs (for example after Sarah arrives). But
there must be a future time

Preposition yang Biasa Digunakan

Preposition Artinya
By this time Pada saat ini
From now Dari sekarang
At Pada
Already Telah
By the time Pada saat
When Ketika
Before Sebelum
As soon as Sesegera

Kata Kerja Umum

 Regular Verb
Negative
Verb Positive Negative Interrogative Interrogative
Will I have Will not I have
Ask Will have asked Will not have asked asked…? asked…?
Will you have Will not you have
Call Will have called Will not have called called…? called…?
Will they have Will not they have
Use Will have used Will not have used used…? used…?
Will not have Will we have Will not we have
Work Will have worked worked worked…? worked…?
 
 Irregular Verb
Negative
Verb Positive Negative Interrogative Interrogative
Will he have Will not he have
Be Will have been Will not have been been…? been…?
Will she have Will not she have
Have Will have had Will not have had been…? been…?
Will it have Will not it have
Do Will have done Will not have done been…? been…?
Will not I have
Say Will have said Will not have said Will I have said…? said…?
Will you have Will not you have
Get Will have gotten Will not have gotten gotten…? gotten…?
Will they have Will not they have
Make Will have made Will not have made made…? made…?
Will we have Will not we have
Go Will have gone Will not have gone gone…? gone…?
Will he have Will not he have
Take Will have taken Will not have taken taken…? taken…?
Will she have Will not she have
See Will have seen Will not have seen seen…? seen…?
Will it have Will not it have
Come Will have came Will not have came came…? came…?
Catatan:

 Hati-hati saat menggunakan kata kerja “to be” pada Future Perfect Tense. Konstruksinya
mudah disalahartikan dengan Future Perfect Continuous Tense.
 Bentuk Past Participle dari “to get” dalam bahasa Inggris Amerika adalah gotten. Sedangkan
dalam bahasa Inggris British adalah got.