Tenses

Tenses
• It indicates the time of an action, event or happening by
altering/influencing the form of the verb in some way.
• It basically is the concept of time.
• Time is considered and is generally perceived as a continuum with three
main divisions:
o Past
o Present
o Future

*A Continuous sequence
 Past Present Future

Past
It refers to the narration of events before the present i.e. older or events in the
past.
e.g.: John played football.

Present
These are current happenings, which are being narrated as they occur.
e.g.: John plays football.

Future
These are the narration of the future events.
e.g.: John will play football.
 Sub-Divisions
Each of the previously discussed forms of tenses again have
four sub-divisions like:
 Simple/Indefinite
 Continuous
 Perfect
 Perfect Continuous
Present
Simple Present
Subject + V1 + Object

 It is used for statements, events or action that are happening

right now, or when it happens on a regular basis or is a fact or
universal truth.
 Examples:
o Pramit plays table very well.
o The Sun rises in the East.
o Everyone loves Ice-cream.
o Do you speak English ?
Present Continuous
Subject + is/am/are + V1 + ing + Object

 It is used to express an action that is occurring or happening

currently or extending over a period of present time.
 Examples:
o I am presenting.
o Pramit is playing table.
o He is watching One Piece.
o What is he doing ?
Present Perfect
Subject + has/have + V3 + Object

 Has is used for singular verbs and Have is used for plural
verbs, according to Subject-Verb Agreement.
 It is used for actions that were started in the past and have
just been completed.
 Example:
o I have watched Naruto.
o He has completed his homework.
o Has he submitted the project ?
o They have acquired the money.
Present Perfect Continuous
Subject + has/have + been + V1 + ing + Object

 It is used when an action that started in the past is still continuing

 Example:
o I've been reading.
o It has been raining.
o Has it been 5 years ?
Past
Simple Past
Subject + V2+ Object

 It is used for statements, events or action that happened in the

past.
 Examples:
o He played very well
o He scored the highest marks.
o Everyone loved the show.
o Did you watch the play?
Past Continuous
Subject + was/were + V1 + ing + Object

 It is used for statements, events or action that was happening

sometime in the past.
 Examples:
o Sai was playing football.
o The students were reading.
o Was he sleeping ?
Past Perfect
Subject + had+ V3 + Object

 It is used to express actions or events that were completed

before another action started in the past. It is used with the
earlier of the two actions. The simple past tense is used with
the other action
 Example:
o He had completed his homework.
o Had he submitted the project ?
o They had acquired the money.
Past Perfect Continuous
Subject + had + been + V1 + ing + Object

 It is used for actions that began before a certain point in the

past and continued up to that point.
 Example:
o He had been playing.
o Had he been playing ?
o They had been playing.
Future
Simple Future
Subject + will/shall + V1 + Object

 It is used for actions that will occur in the future.

 Example:
o Pramit will play.
o Will I win?
o They will win.
Future Continuous
Subject + will/shall + be + V1 + ing +Object

 It is used for actions which will be in progress sometime in

the future
 Example:
o I will be eating.
o He shall be living.
o Will Sai be playing football ?
Future Prefect
Subject + shall/will + have + V3 + Object

 It is used to indicate the completion of an action by a certain

period of time in the future.
 Examples:
o I will have presented.
o Pramit will have played.
o Sumanta shall have finished.
o Will you have eaten lunch ?

She will leave before you get there. [incorrect]

She will have left before you get there. [correct]
Future Perfect Continuous
Subject + shall/will + have been + V1 + ing + Object

 It is used when an action is to continue up to a certain point of

time in the future.
 Example:
o Sai will have been eating.
o Pramit will not have been playing table.
o Will She have been swimming ?
Tenses Types
Recap
Memes to
lighten up
the mood.
Quiz
1. Why do you live in France?

Present Perfect

Present Continuous

Simple Present
1. Why do you live in France?

Simple Present

Here, as we can see the 1st form of ‘live’ the

verb is used along with the basic
Simple Present Structure:

Subject + V1 + Object
2. I haven't had breakfast yet.

Present Perfect

Present Continuous

Simple Future
2. I haven't had breakfast yet.

Present Perfect

Here, as we can see the use of haven’t the

negative form of have and the structure of
Present Perfect:

Subject + has/have + V3 + Object

3. The train had already left.

Simple Past

Present Continuous

Past Perfect
 3. The train had already left.

Past Perfect

Here, as we can see the use of had and

the structure of Past Perfect:

Subject + had+ V3 + Object

4. Will he still be travelling this evening ?

Simple Present

Future Perfect

Simple Future
4. Will he still be travelling this evening ?

Future Perfect

Here, we can see the structure of

Future Perfect:

Subject + shall/will + have + V3 +

Object
5. We'll have finished by 6pm.

Future Perfect

Future Continuous

Simple Future
 5. We'll have finished by 6pm.

Future Perfect

Again, we can see the structure of

Future Perfect:

Subject + shall/will + have + V3 + Object

6. Choose the correct sentence:

In 1632, Galileo proved that Earth revolved around the Sun.

In 1632, Galileo proved that Earth revolves around the Sun.

6. Choose the correct sentence:

In 1632, Galileo proved that Earth revolves around the Sun.

Whenever, we talk about some theory,

universal truth, artistic work or a
general non-historical fact we use

Simple Present
7. Choose the correct sentence:

Some ancient Greek philosophers believed that Earth is round.

Some ancient Greek philosophers believed that Earth was round.

7. Choose the correct sentence:

Some ancient Greek philosophers believed that Earth is round.

Again, whenever, we talk about some

theory, universal truth, artistic work
or a general non-historical fact we use

Simple Present
8. Choose the correct sentence:

I wish my dream was real. I wish my dream were real.

I wish my dream is real. I wish my dream be real.

8. Choose the correct sentence:

I wish my dream were real.

The subjunctive mood is the verb form used to

explore a hypothetical situation (e.g., "If I were
you") or to express a wish, a demand, or a
suggestion.
Mood
 Mood is the form a verb takes to show how it is to be regarded
(e.g., as a fact, a command, a wish, an uncertainty).
 Types of Moods:
o The Indicative Mood: This states facts/asks questions.
o The Imperative Mood: This expresses a command or a
request.
o The Subjunctive Mood: This shows a wish/doubt.
9. Choose the correct sentence:

Ommsai saw the burglar climbed over the fence.

Ommsai saw the burglar climb over the fence.

9. Choose the correct sentence:

Ommsai saw the burglar climb over the fence.

Here, saw (see) is the verb, while

climb can be either
Climb/climbing.
10. Choose the correct sentence:

The Ancient Greek philosopher Zeno believed that all motion was an illusion.

The Ancient Greek philosopher Zeno believed that all motion is an illusion.
10. Choose the correct sentence:

The Ancient Greek philosopher Zeno believed that all motion

is an illusion.

Whenever, we talk about some theory,

universal truth, artistic work or a
general non-historical fact we use

Simple Present
Thank You