Final Book

Biophilic Veterans
Rehab Center
A Place For Healing
Jacob Hinrichs
BIOPHILIC VETERANS REHAB CENTER
A Design Thesis submitted to the department of Architecture

and Landscape Architecture of North Dakota State University
By
Jacob Hinrichs
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Master of Architecture
Primary Thesis Advisor
Thesis Committee Chair
May 2017
Fargo, North Dakota
Table of Contents
Tables and Figures 6
Thesis Abstract 7
Thesis narrative 8-10

Explanation of thesis 8
Typology 8
Emphasis 8
Goals 9
User/Client 9
Justification 9
Research plan 10
Research paper 11-21
Precedent analysis 22-26
Program 27-33
Site analysis 33-36
Code analysis 37-38
Plan for proceeding 39-41

Definitions of research direction 39
Plan for design methodology 39
Plan for documenting design process 40
Schedule for project 41
Continued Research 43-53
Case Studies 45-47
Literature Review 49-51
Personal Interview 53
The Design 54-61
Project Solution 63-69

Boards 62-67
Models 68-69
Response to site 70-73
Response to Precedent Research 74-79
Response to Goals 80-84
Appendix 86-89
Reference List 87
Studio Experience 88
About Me 89
Final Display 90
Tables and
41. Board composition 61
42. Board 1 62
Figures 43. Board 2
44. Board 3
62
63
1. Thorncrown Chapel - evening 21, 22, 73 45. Board 4 63
2. Thorncrown Chapel - interior 22 46. Board 5 64
3. Thorncrown Chapel - exterior 22 47. Board 6 65
4. Calat Alhambra - courtyard 21,23,74 48. Site model - 1 66
5. Calat Alhambra - vegetation 23 49. Site model - 2 66
6. Calat Alhambra - garden 23 50. 1/32 scale models 67
7. Groot Klimmendaal - exterior 21, 24, 75 51. Model composition 67
8. Groot Klimmendaal - interior 24 52. Aerial site plan 69
9. Groot Klimmendaal - plan 24 53. Site contours 69
10. Space diagram - plan 30 54. Render from river 70, 77
11. Space diagram - perspective 30 55. Google earth with design 70, 74
12. Site with contours 32 56. Covered walkways - from 71, 76, 82
13. Rock Island 32 residence
14. Wisconsin bluffs 32 57. Covered walkways - from 71, 82
15. Ravine 33 driveway
16. Ravine - 2 33 58. Covered walkways - aerial 71, 82
17. Site walk 33 59. Residential Community area - 73, 79
18. Minnesota bluff 34 light render
19. Rock Island - 2 34 60. Community green house 73, 76, 80
20. South, down river 34 61. Gym overlook 74, 80
21. Maggie’s Cancer Center - 43 62. 4th floor residential render 74, 76, 79
exterior 63. 4th floor residential - plan 75, 77, 79
22. Maggie’s Cancer Center - 43 64. Bottom floor residential - plan 79
interior 65. 1st floor residential - plan 79
23. Maggie’s Cancer Center - detail 43 66. Clinic truss lounge - render 80
24. The Clinic - yoga room 44 67. Lower floor Clinic - plan 80
25. The Clinic - workout space 44, 75 68. Main floor Clinic - plan 80
26. The Clinic - Plan 44 69. 2nd floor Clinic - plan 75, 80
27. Fargo VA Hospital - exterior 45 70. Truss lounge Clinic - plan 80
28. Fargo VA Hospital - space 45, 75 71. 1st floor Lab - plan 75, 81
comparison 72. 2nd floor Lab - plan 81
29. Fargo VA Hospital - light 45 73. The Lab - aerial 81
quality 74. 1st floor Public - plan 75, 81
30. Biophilic Design - cover 47, 77 75. The Public - aerial 81
31. Sustainable Healthcare 48, 77 76. 2nd year - Dance Studio 86
Architecture - cover 77. 2nd year - Dwelling 86
32. 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design 49, 76 78. 3rd year - Visitor Center 86
- cover 79. 3rd year - Multipurpose Center 86
33. Image group building 51 80. 4th year - High-rise apartment 86
34. Site iteration - 1 53 81. 4th year - High-rise render 86
35. Site iteration - 2 54 82. 5th year - Solar Decathlon 86
36. Site iteration - 3 55 83. ...Selfie :D 89
37. Site iteration - 4 56 Tables
1. Building area summary 26
38. Site iteration - 5 57
2. Space list 27, 28
39. Site iteration - 6 58
3. Land use requirement 29
6 40. Site iteration - 7 59
Thesis
Abstract
The topic of this thesis project is a veterans rehab center that utilizes biophilic
design. Biophilia is thought to help expedite the healing process for many kinds
of ailments from mental to physical. The rehab center will be a place where vet-
erans can interact with the public, and maintain a strong connection to nature
through the built and natural environment. The public interactions, coupled with
the connection to nature through biophilic design will create a safe, comfortable
environment, that is conducive for healing.
The design of the building and program will be heavily based on the research
that has, and will be done throughout the semester. Research will be gathered by
interviewing individuals at veterans rehab centers. Patients will be interviewed
about the strengths and weaknesses of the facility, and what could be improved.
Physicians will be interviewed on the program and the perceived success of the
facility, and the activities veterans perform. Literature reviews will also be done
to further research successful designs for a rehabilitation center. Iterations will be
done based on the information that was gathered from the interviews and litera-
ture, and assessed for the most successful design.
Thesis
Narrative
Explanation
The veterans rehab center will incorporate biophilic design, helping to create a connection from the interior
to the exterior. Biophilia is the idea that humans seek a connection to nature and other forms of life. We are
attracted to, and get positive feelings toward organisms, species, habitats, processes and objects in their
natural surroundings. Biophilic design is important because it encourages the connection to nature. An-
other aspect of the veteran’s rehab center is inviting the public into the building. This is important because
it introduces the public to veterans to help them transition back into civilian life in a neutral environment
where they can interact. Veterans are also interacting with nature and performing outdoor activities to fulfill
the connection with nature which helps the healing process. Public interactions take place at the pace of the
individual veteran.
This kind of facility has been done before, but not often enough. Biophilia is a more effective tech-
nique than the current technique of using buildings with blank walls. This project will raise awareness and
encourage the biophilic technique further. Most other designs are lacking views to nature and use heavily
processed building materials. This biophilic rehab center will focus on the connection to nature throughout
the design, materials, and activities of the program on a conscious and subconscious level. The problem is
introducing recently returned veterans to the public. Public may be a distraction from the veterans’ connec-
tion to nature. Absolute seclusion in a natural setting would be ideal for this type of connection, but at the
same time it may be beneficial to have a connection to nature and some connection to civilian life. Another
problem that may occur is that the site is located on a state park, which is why the public uses will be incor-
porated into the program. The biggest problem is that most rehabilitation centers don’t utilize the natural
environment, so the patients don’t get the same healing experience, thus my rehabilitation center will uti-
lize the natural environment as a more effective healing agent.
Typology
The main typology for the building is a veterans rehabilitation center and residential with staff on hand at
all times. Also included would be offices, a restaurant, green house and gymnasium. The program is largely
based on the program of a case study, the Groot Klimmendaal rehabilitation center in the Netherlands. The
building will be heavy timber construction and stone to avoid using heavily processed materials similar to a
material pallet of Thorncrown Chapel, another case study.
Emphasis
The major elements I would like to focus on are the facilities connection to nature, ant the veteran’s interac-
tions with the public, while maintaining private areas. The focus of this project should be on the veterans and
their healing process, which is linked largely to the connection to nature. The next element of importance is
the interactions between the public and the veterans. This is important for the veterans to interact with the
public at their own pace, which means being able to seclude the public areas from the veteran areas, only al-
lowing certain places the possibility of interaction. The connection to nature gets the most emphasis because
that is the reason for incorporating Biophilic design into the rehab center.
8
Goals
• Expedite the healing process for physically disabled veterans
-Utilize the natural environment
-Utilize biophilic design in the building
• Help the transition back into civilian life
-Chance meetings with public
-Pace of interactions in control of individual veterans.
User/Client
The people that will be using this building will be patients, physicians, management staff, public guests, and
public area workers (for restaurant, green house, gym, etc.). Veterans will need rooms to stay in, a gym for
the physical rehab, and community rooms for meetings with other veterans and physicians. Physicians will
need offices and a couple conference rooms, the gym for physical therapy, and a few rooms for overnight
watch of the patients. The uses of the patients and the physicians will be the most important focus for the
program. Management staff will also require offices and conference rooms that can be set aside in their own
wing. The public guests will have the restaurant, green house, and gymnasium that they can use. The main
entrance for the public will have a reception area, and some informational desks about the building and its
uses. The public part of the building will require workers for the restaurant, pool, and gym. The pool and
gym will require locker rooms, and shower rooms for workers and guests. The restaurant will need a kitchen
and a small locker space for workers.
Justification
It is important to take care of our veterans after they sacrifice so much for us. We can always do more to help
them, and utilize the most effective techniques for helping them. It is important to me to make a point of this
through this project. Biophilic design is important to the broader context of architecture as well because it is
a model that could be used for the well being of the public in general. This type of architecture would benefit
more than just rehabilitation patients, projects could use this model for anything from office buildings to
restaurants or residential settings. The final project will show the process of the learning that has and will be
done on this kind of architecture. Prior to this year I had little knowledge of biophilic design. The project will
demonstrate the research skills that will be gained, and show the growth in my knowledge on the subject.
Performing interviews and developing my abilities in literature reviews and iterations will be another tool to
add to my skills.
9
Research Plan
• Design Methodology: The strategy that will be used for design methods will be mostly qualitative, studying
sociological, cultural, and anthropological studies. This will be accomplished by holding interviews with work-
ers and/or patients from current rehabilitation centers. The aim of the interviews will be to get information on
the observed effects of the surroundings, program and design on the patients. Along with multiple interviews,
literature will be another source of information for qualitative strategies. Another method that may be used
would be to make logical arguments or iterations. These iterations could be based on the interviews and the
information that is acquired from the participants, and the information found in the literature. Perhaps this
would be done as a quick iteration on a weekly basis, or a more in depth iteration on a bi-weekly basis. Itera-
tions could be assessed based on successful case studies and comparing to current projects such as the Groot
Klimmendaal rehab center studied later on page 24.
• Design Process Plan Documentation: Starting in February, on a weekly basis whatever process was done pri-
or will be documented in a set of weekly folders. This will be crucial for the design process and showing the
thought process behind the decisions that were made. Important dates to document will be the beginning of
the design process after some research has been done, the beginning and end of mid term week, and the begin-
ning of the final drawing with the “finished” design. It will be important to link the information from research
with the design decisions and how they affected the changes that were made. (See page 40)
• Project Schedule: The first five to six weeks will be spent on the design methodology elements, performing
interviews and studying literature with iterations. Starting in February, attempts at some preliminary design
ideas with the final product in mind will go until about mid term. Simultaneously, some more concrete design
ideas will be expressed in mid to late February. A couple weeks before and after Spring Break will be spent
developing areas with more certainty while still designing the rest of the project. Designing will stop at the
beginning of April, while further development may continue for about a week after while final drawings and
other preparations for a presentation begin. Preparations should be completed by the beginning of May. (See
page 41)
10
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16
Annotated Bibliography
Barton, J., & Pretty, J. (2010). What is the Best Dose of Nature and Green
Exercise for Improving Mental Health? A Multi-Study Analysis.
Environmental Science & Technology, 44(10), 3947–3955. https://
doi.org/10.1021/es903183r
This study looked at green exercise and the impact on mood and self-es-
teem caused by varying intensity of workouts and varying amount of time
spent outside. The results showed that time spent outside and intensity of
workout drastically improved mental health. The results support my claim
that outdoor activities are important for veterans to improve their mental
state to help with the healing process. The environment played an import-
ant role for those who participated in the study, which coincides with the
point I am trying to support.
Browning, W., Ryan, C., & Clancy, J. (2014, September 12). 14 Patterns of
Biophilic Design. Retrieved October 8, 2016, from http://www.
terrapinbrightgreen.com/reports/14-patterns-of-biophilic-design/
This article talks about Biophilic Design and the increasing importance
to incorporate it into the built environment. With the world population
urbanizing, this makes this design even more important for the health of
the population. Many people have been working to trying to define
aspects of nature that impact our satisfaction with the built environment.
“14 Patterns of Biophilic Design” looks at the relationship between nature,
biology, and the built environment. It breaks these things down into some
categories and explains them more in depth, and then goes into some ways
of how to implement them into a design. This article is a great resource for
information supporting my claims of environment having an impact on
humans, and will inform the future design of a Rehab Center.
Duvall, J., & Kaplan, R. (2014). Enhancing the well-being of veterans

using extended group-based nature recreation experiences. Jour
nal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 51(5), 685–696.
https://doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2013.08.0190
This was a study done on the effects of nature-based recreation on veter-

ans, consisted of four organizations offering 12 programs each lasting 4 – 7
days. 98 veterans were recruited and surveyed, at different increments be-
fore and after the recreation. The results showed that there was significant
improvement in psychological well-being, social functioning and life out-
look 1 week after the experiment, and some improvements persisted over
the next month. Overall, the results suggest that extended group nature
recreation that brings veterans together have positive effects on veterans
with serious health problems. This study related well because it is a study
done specifically on veterans, and the positive impact of extended exposure
to natural environments.
17
Kellert, S. R., Heerwagen, J., & Mador, M. (Eds.). (2008). Biophilic design:
the theory, science, and practice of bringing buildings to life.
Hoboken, N.J: Wiley.
The section of Biophilic Design that I used talked about the invention of
glass, and the problems with viewing nature through glass. The author talk-
ed about the practicality of windows, and the obvious good reasons that we
have them. He goes on to talk about the false connection to nature that glass
can give us. Though we can see through it, we are not physically outside.
Nature can seem be disconnected from the inside when a pane of glass is in
between. We are not exposed to the elements, there is no breeze, our only
experience with the outside world is visual. What he is saying goes with the
topic of “Hospital like” rooms, and how windows could be a good first step
to incorporating biophilia in the design, but it needs to go farther than just
windows.
Koga, K., & Iwasaki, Y. (2013). Psychological and physiological effect in

humans of touching plant foliage - using the semantic differential
method and cerebral activity as indicators. Journal of Physiological
Anthropology, 32(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1880-6805-32-7
This study wanted to prove that psychological and physiological effects of

touching plant foliage by evaluating participant’s impressions and looking
at cerebral blood flow. It consisted of 14 men ages 21 to 27, who would
touch different tactile samples including the leaf of a natural plant. Phys-
iological activity was compared before and after each stimuli. The results
showed that the plant leaf showed a sense of physiological calm, versus say
a metal stimuli, which caused a stress response in cerebral blood flow. This
information supports my claim on non-visual connection to nature, and
the impacts that touch can have on our physiological and psychological
feelings.
Samiei, Kaveh. (n.d.). Architecture and Urban Ecosystems: From Seg

regation to Integration | The Nature of Cities. Retrieved from
http://www.thenatureofcities.com/2013/05/26/architecure-and-ur
ban-ecosystems-from-segregation-to-integration/
The section of this article that was used talked about architecture and land-
scape architecture being part of a larger ecosystem outside of just the built
environment. Ecologically built environments will create mall and less
stressful environmental footprint which will promote ecological connec-
tivity with vegetative networks, enhancing the quality of life for people and
wildlife occupants. He goes on to talk about some good ways to combine a
built structure with the environment which are to utilize green roofs. Rain
screen facades are another good idea, which allows wildlife to become part
of the structure by allowing cavity dwellers like some birds, to live in close
proximity to development. This would help to inform a design that allows a
good way to blur the line between built and natural environments.
18
Sierra Club – Exploring the Benefits of Outdoor Experiences on Vet
erans. (2013). Retrieved from http://r4alliance.org/sierra-club-ex
ploring-the-benefits-of-outdoor-experiences-on-veterans/
This article talks about some alternatives to the traditional rehabilitation,

which is being surrounded by nature as a form of rehab. The article also
referred to the study done on the extended 4 to 7-day exposure to nature
experiment. It talked about the willingness of veterans to participate in an
extended nature excursion because of their unique training and willingness
to spend time with other veterans. This information was a good introduc-
tion to the study on the effects of nature-based recreation on veterans.
Tsunetsugu, Y., Miyazaki, Y., & Sato, H. (2006). Physiological effects in

humans induced by the visual stimulation of room interiors with
different wood quantities. Journal of Wood Science, 53(1), 11–16.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-006-0812-5
This study looked at the difference in wood ratio on the walls of interior
spaces, and the effects on participants. Of these ratios, rooms were covered
with 0%, 45% and 90% wood covering. Participants said that the most com-
fortable room was the room with 45% wood covering. The room with 90%
also showed the least amount of brain activity, but the highest heart rate.
All of these rooms showed different activity mostly in autonomic nervous
activity. This study will help to inform a design, depending on the function
of the room or space. It also helps to gauge the impact of wood on human
physiology, and helps determine where the good balance lies of just right
and maybe what is too much.
Veterans Retraining Assistance Program. (2016, April 15). Retrieved

October 9, 2016, from https://veterans.house.gov/VRAP
This web page was for veterans looking to apply for VRAP, or Veterans Re-
training Assistance Program. The site walked you through the application
process for veterans. The information that was used from this web page was
the statistics that were given at the top of the page. It showed some statistics
on how many unemployed veterans there are, and how many job openings
there are. This information supports one of my claims on the struggles vet-
erans suffer when returning home.
Vincent, E., Battisto, D., Grimes, L., & McCubbin, J. (2010). The effects of
nature images on pain in a simulated hospital patient room.
HERD, 3(3), 42–55.
This was a study done to test the landscape preferences among participants
experiencing pain. The question of the research was which nature images
were most therapeutic as evidence by reduced pain and positive mood. The
results were that the nature image showing refuge was the most effective
at lowering blood pressure and pain reception. The study shows that the
current “Hospital like” setting isn’t the most efficient way of healing, and
that even just an image of nature is more effective than having blank walls.
19
White, M., Smith, A., Humphryes, K., Pahl, S., Snelling, D., & Depledge,
M. (2010). Blue space: The importance of water for preference,
affect, and restorativeness ratings of natural and built scenes.
Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(4), 482–493. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.04.004
This article talked about the effects of water, and that landscapes that have
water elicit a higher restorative response, and are more preferred by the
population than a landscape without. From an evolutionary standpoint our
attraction to water makes sense. Early humans relied on aquatic environ-
ments to survive. Those who flocked to water were more likely to survive
than those who didn’t. Salt-water environments provided us with food and
migratory channels, and the Omega 3 in fish is believed to contribute to the
development of the brain. It would make sense that we may be hard wired
from evolution to be attracted to water. This information supports my claim
that the presence of water has a large positive effect on those around it. It
will also inform a future design for a Rehab Center.
20
Precedent analysis
This section provides some excellent examples and case studies that can used for the design of the Rehab
Center. There are specific elements in each study that were observed that will be useful for the design. These
elements are things that would contribute to a connection to nature on a conscious and sub-conscious level.
Groot Klimmendaal is a rehab center that looked at the same typology of this project, providing an idea of the
program and layout of spaces.
Case
Studies
23
Throrncrown
Chapel
This Chapel is a 48 foot tall wood
structure with 425 windows, and
over 6,000 square feet of glass. It
sits on 100 tons of native stone
and flagstone blending nicely into
the Ozark woods. A central sky-
light allows light to fall onto the
visitors below.
This cast study is a wonderful

example of a great visual connec-
tion to nature. The large amounts
of glazing allow for a panoramic
view of the surrounding woods on
the mountain. This example also
makes a great material connec-
tion to nature utilizing local types
of various wood, and the stone.
This creates interesting textures
that visitors can interact with and
feel as well as observe. These to
different connections to nature
are demonstrate ways in which to
inform the design of my Rehabili-
tation Center
24
Calat
Alhambra
This former palace, now turned
into a hotel is located in Grana-
da, Spain. It overlooks the city of
Granada and was built between
1238 and 1358. There are principle
courts of the palace that utilize
water features and greenery cre-
ating sound and smell.
This study demonstrates some

of the aspects associated with a
non-visual connection to nature.
Calat Alhambra demonstrates the
use of sound, scent, and touch to
engage visitors with their natu-
ral surroundings. Water features
provide of pleasing sound, trees
and other plants can provide
the scent and touch to fulfill the
connection. These ideas shown in
this palace will help to inform the
design of my Rehab Center and
make a non-visual connection to
nature.
25
Groot
Klimmendaal
Thesis rehabilitation center is
located in the Netherlands, built
in 2011. The area of the building
is 14,000 sqm or about 150,694.75
sqft. Full height glazing in the
center of the building connects
interior elements with exterior el-
ements relatively seamlessly. The
program of the building consists
of offices, clinical areas, a sports
facility,fitness, swimming pool,
restaurant and theatre. Aspects
of the program allow family of the
patients as well as members of
the community to some of these
facilities on a regular basis. This
places patients and the building
at the center of the community.
This case study gives me an idea

of the program that could be used
in a Rehabilitation Center. The
connection between the patients,
family members and the commu-
nity demonstrates the role that
this kind of facility can contribute.
It is also somewhat related to how
I want to design by utilizing views
to nature again creating a visual
connection to nature.
26
Program
This section has a few tables that break down the spaces and uses of the Rehab Center. Spaces are largely
based on the case study of the of the rehab center in the previous section. Along with space lists, is a land use
table which breaks down requirements for parking for the three main uses which are public, management,
and private. The relationship diagram page shows the volumes and relationships of these main 3 uses.
Building area
Summary
Veteran rehab area People Capacity # Of Units Net Area Net:Gross Gross Building Area
Reception 1 15 1 750 62% 1,035
Community 0 50 1 975 62% 1,345.5
Gymnasium 0 100 1 12,976 70% 16,868.8
Pool 6 50 1 4,754 50% 7,131
Living 150 3 125 15,256 68% 625,496
Food preparation 4 10 1 3,500 70% 4,550
Subtotal 161 228 656,426.3
Semi-public area
Office area 10 4 10 4,610 65% 20,745
Common office 6 4 3 1,080 65% 2,214
Conference rooms 0 10 3 500 65% 1,025
Subtotal 16 18 23,984
Public area
Reception 2 30 1 1,500 62% 2,070
Restaurant 13 100 1 2,178 62% 30,05.64
Gymnasium 4 100 1 9,644 70% 12,537.2
Pool 6 50 1 4,754 50% 7,131
Subtotal 25 280 24,743.84
Total 202 705,154.14
28
Space list
Veteran rehab area People Capacity # Of Units Area/Unit Net Area Net Area Subtotal
Reception 1 15 1 750 750
Subtotal 1 750
Community
Lounge 0 50 1 750 750
Game room 0 15 1 225 225
Subtotal 0 975
Gymnasium
Bathroom 0 10 2 360 720
Shower room 0 8 2 128 256
Storage Closet 0 0 4 100 400
Locker room 0 50 2 800 1,600
Gym 0 100 1 10,000 10,000
Subtotal 0 12,976
Pool
Locker room 2 25 2 400 800
Bathroom 0 5 4 180 720
Storage closet 0 0 4 100 400
Public bathroom 0 2 2 32 64
Pool 4 50 1 2,450 2,450
Subtotal 6 4,754
Living
Bathroom 0 4 4 64 256
Patient rooms 125 1 125 80 10,000
Staff rooms 25 1 25 60 1,500
Storage 0 1 125 40 5,000
Subtotal 150 16,756
Food preparation
Kitchen 2 10 1 500 500
Cafeteria 2 100 1 3,000 3,000
Subtotal 4 3,500
29
Management People
1 Capacity
15 # Of Units Area/Unit
750 Net750
Area Net Area Subtotal
Office area 10 4 10 432 4,320
Common office 6 4 3 360 1,080
Conference room 0 10 2 250 500
Kitchen 0 0 2 100 200
Cafeteria 0 3 2 45 90
Subtotal 16 6,190
Public People Capacity # Of Units Area/Unit Net Area Net Area Subtotal
Reception 2 30 1 1,500 1,500
,Subtotal 2 1,500
Restaurant
Kitchen 3 6 1 300 300
Bar 2 5 1 150 150
Bathroom 0 4 2 64 128
Dining 8 100 1 1,600 1,600
Storage 0 0 2 100 200
Subtotal 13 2,178
Gymnasium
Bathroom 0 4 2 144 288
Storage Closet 0 0 3 100 300
Locker room 0 2 2 480 960
Gym 4 50 1 8,000 8,000
Subtotal 4 9,644
Pool
Locker room 2 25 2 400 800
Bathroom 0 5 4 180 720
Storage closet 0 0 4 100 400
Public bathroom 0 2 2 32 64
Pool 4 50 1 2,450 2,450
Subtotal 6 4,754
Total 202 63,977
30
Land Use
Requirement
Veterans area People Gross Building Area Floors Building Footprint GAC Land Area
Building 161 717,926.3 4 17,9481.6 37% 485,085
Parking Parking Count

Staff 36 13,680 1 13,680 70% 195,42.9
Residents 125 47,500 3 142,500 70% 203,571
Visitors 228 86,640 1 86,640 70% 123,771
Subtotal 228 86,640 86,640 123,771
Management People Gross Building Area Floors Building Footprint GAC Land Area
Building 16 23,984 3 7,994.7 30% 26,648.9

Staff 16 6,080 3 18,240 70% 26,057.1
Visitors 18 6,840 1 6,840 70% 9,971.4
Subtotal 34 36,904 33,074.7 123,771
Public People Gross Building Area Floors Building Footprint GAC Land Area
Building 25 24,743.8 1 24,743.8 25% 98,975.4

Staff 25 9,500 1 9,500 70% 13,571.4
Visitors 280 106,400 1 106,400 70% 152,000
Subtotal 305 140,643.8 140,643.8 264,547
Qualitative statement
The veteran’s area is of the most importance to establish the best connection to nature. This project is for
them and to help their healing process. The incorporation of the public into the building is to allow for the
transition from military living back into civilian life. The management sector is required to run the Rehabili-
tation Center as well as run the restaurant and the other public programs. This sector isn’t as important for
the connection to nature as public and veteran sectors, so location of the management sector will be placed
where convenient in the building.
31
Relationship
Diagram
The red box represents the foot-
print that the veterans area would
use. This box is about 211’ square
that would have 4 floors all of
which includes reception, com-
munity spaces, gymnasium, pool,
living and food preparation.
The green box represents the foot-

print that the management area The black line represents 100’ in
would use. This box is about 51’ the image.
square that would have 3 floors all
of which includes offices, common
offices, and conference rooms.
The arrangement for the spaces demonstrates a basic relationship that I would like to achieve between the
main spaces. The purple boxes that are the public pool and gymnasium are located directly next to the vet-
eran’s area. The idea behind this is to encourage interaction between the veterans and the public in a neu-
tral setting that veterans can choose to use. If they want a more private gym or pool, they have one of each
located in the private veteran region. The restaurant is located on the on the far side from the veteran region
to allow a transition from private, to public interactions through the spaces.
These images are mainly for the

visual of the sizes required rela-
tive to the overall needed space
for the building as a whole.
The blue box represents the foot-

print for the general public to use.
This box is about 157’ square that
consists of 1floor. In the blue box
are 2 purple boxes, the larger is
the gymnasium which measures
139’x90’. The smaller purple box is
the pool which measures 118’x60’.
The remaining space in blue
would be used for reception and
the restaurant.
32
Site Analysis
The site analysis section talks about the site and the surrounding area including views and features of the
site located in the St. Croix River Valley. The heavily wooded riverside location creates opportunities for the
connection to nature and interactions with the public, which is the goal of the project. A large increase in ele-
vation to the West of the site will give the building more privacy and seclusion for the residence.
33
Along the river are many beau-
tiful views. On the site is a rock
bluff outcropping located across
from a small island and a sand
bar. On the other side of the river
is another beautiful rock bluff on
the Wisconsin side. There is even
a spot on the rock bluffs that has
a system for rock climbing. The
North side of the site has a beauti-
ful look to the north up river.
Site is 43.97 acres of undeveloped

woods with waterfront along the
St. Croix River in Franconia, Min-
nesota. The estimated change in
elevation from water to estimated
highest point of parcel is about
260 feet. This creates an inter-
esting separation from the more
developed part of the small town.
The valley will create a stronger
connection to nature and the river
specifically, because everything
on the site seemingly flows down
to the river.
34
35
While there is some disconnect
to the civilization, the river has
some good boat and canoe traffic
from the state park public launch
and canoe rental area about a
mile north up river from the site.
I believe that can create a good
connection between the veterans
and the general public in a neutral
ground on the river where they
can interact with each other.
36
Code Analysis
The code analysis helps to define the limitations of the design, and begin to analyze the volumes of the differ-
ent uses. It helped decide the number of residence that can inhabit the building. After the occupancy load is
assigned, exit widths and ceiling heights can be calculated. Based on this information from the code, I had an
overall height and general idea of the spatial qualities of the building.
Occupancy type Occupancy load Max exit width
I-1 CONDITION 2: Five or more

persons on a 24 hour basis, live in
a supervised residential environ- 150 OCCUPANTS: Physical Therapy
ment that provides personal care Center including staff and resi- 45” OR 3.75’: 150 occupants multi-
services. dents plied by .3 per person
Max height and sf

per ground floor ada requirements
Construction type 54,000 SQ. FT.; 65’ ABOVE GRADE,
4 FLOORS: I-1 Classification, SM
TYPE IV CONSTRUCTION (HEAVY (Buildings two or more stories
TIMBER, HT): Exterior walls are of above grade plane equipped
noncombustible materials and throughout with an automatic
the interior building elements are sprinkler system installed.); Type
of solid or laminated wood with- IV construction. Table 506.2;
out concealed spaces 504.3; 504.4
Toilet room access Door width Pathway access
3’ 250’
38
Design
Interviews
Argument
Literature
Reviews
Logical
Methodology
10
12
14
16
18
January
20
22
24
26
Definition of Research
28 Direction
Research on concepts related to
30 the thesis will be done in a quan-
titative and qualitative manner.
Qualitative interviews will be
2
performed with patients and
physicians at current veterans
4 rehab facilities to assess success-
es and failures of the design and
program. Literature reviews will
6
be done in a similar qualitative
manner to assess the most effec-
February
8 tive designs of other facilities of

the same typology. Literature will
be collected through use of local
10
libraries, and online services such
as EBSCO.
12
14
16
39
Design
Process 10
12
14
16
January
18
Research and Studies

20
22
24
26
28
30
2
4
Process Documentation 6
Process documentation will be 8
a crucial part of the design pro- 10
February
13 12
Prelim Designing
cess. I will create weekly folders 14
that I will add to throughout the 16
18
semester. I believe the most im- 20
portant dates for documentation 22
Development
24
will be prior to Spring break on
the 13th, and at the beginning 27 26
28
of the production process on the
Designing
2
3rd. The beginning of the design 4
process will be important to doc- 6
Mid 8
ument along with the research 10
Term
that guides the design. Another 13 12
March
14
Break
milestone is the end of the design 16
process and beginning of the pro- 18
Development
duction of final drawings. 20
22
24
27 26
28
Key Process dates 30
1. Beginning of Design 3 24
2. Mid Term 6
• March 6 8
10
• March 13
Production
12
3. Beginning of Production 14 April
17 16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
1 2
Present
4
May
6
10
8
40
Schedule
10
12
14
16
January
18
Research and Studies
20
22
24
26
28
30
2
4
6
8
10
February
12
Prelim Designing
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
Development
2
4
6
Designing
8 Mid
10 Term
12
March
14
Break
16
18
20
Development
22
24
26
28
30
2
4
6
8
10
Production
12
14
April
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
2
Present
4
May
6
10
8
41
Continued Research
With this research, I looked to further my understanding of biophilic design, how it is incorporated into
architecture, and the affects it has on the human physiology. I am also looking to understand the needs of
veterans and how architecture can help them.
Literature review
Qualitative
Personal Interviews
Holistic Case Studies
Logical Iterations
Philo/Phenomenology: The emphasis of my design is on the experience of not

only the building, but its surroundings as well.
Eco-Social Design: This theory is heavily focused on sustainability, which isn’t a
priority, but more the emphasis on the connection between humans, plants, and
animals. 43
Case Studies
Maggie's Cancer
Center
The emphasis on this project is
on the green house located at the
end of the building. This allows
for patients to interact with plants
and natural materials. Planting is
supposed to be very beneficial for
healing, making it a good thing
to have in a cancer center, and
rehabilitation center.
The use of natural materials

throughout the building provides
a comfortable space. The detailed
wood trusses added a sense of
intricacy and beauty throughout
the building. Daylighting is also
important so a lot of light is
allowed into the building. This
is a very important aspect that
is included in the design of the
rehabilitation center. 45
The Clinic
This public workout facility
located in China provided me
with an idea of the program
that is required for a workout
facility. It gave me ideas for
spaces, proximity, and layout to
incorporate in the rehabilitation
center. There were good examples
of what could be used for
materials with the natural wood
floors and wood walls in certain
places located throughout the
design, also coupled with glazing.
Another take away from this

case study was the use of glazing
to allow for a lot of natural
daylighting, which is important to
incorporate in this typology.
46
Fargo VA
Hospital
About a week was spent analyzing
the Fargo VA in depth on how it is
oriented, while gaining some
Design considerations along the
way. One of the first steps of the
analysis was sorting out the
Departments and estimating the
area of each department to give
me an idea of the space I would
need. Amount of staff rooms to
inpatient rooms was also studied,
resulting in a ratio that is about
equal from staff to inpatients. The
VA is a hospital, which differs from
a rehabilitation center, so sizes
of a few departments were de-
creased and others not included
in the programing of this campus.
The departments that were kept
were radiology, and a few labs
that could support chemistry,
hematology, and endoscopy.
The next analysis that was

performed was looking at amount
of natural daylighting, and how
many rooms had access to natural
lighting. What was found was
a low percent of rooms with
a window to the exterior. This
is an unfortunate result of the
continuous additions to existing
parts of the building. 47
Literature Review
Take aways
-Quote from book discusses
relationship with outside and
how it is broken with the invention
of glass. Author talks
about importance of being in
physical contact with nature
not protected form its grasp
behind a man made material.
-“Does this attraction, this seeming instance of Biophilia, indicate that we are enjoying our control over,
i.e., our dominion over and thus our secure distantiation from the prickle of nature; or do we imagine that
we are truly bonding with or engaging the world outside? Glass is of considerable utilitarian value, but has
its ubiquitous and commanding presence in the walls of today’s architecture really brought us closer to
cherishing the complexity, unpredictability, dangers, and grandeur of the natural world?” (p. 254)
-“We know that from a significant body of existing research that particular elements are important, namely
water, large trees, flowers, and rich vegetation (Orians and Heerwagen 1992;Heerwagen and Orian1993;
Ulrich 1993). We also know that certain spatial characteristics have strong appeal, such as views to the
orizon (Appleton 1975), provision of refuge and protection (Appleton 1975), and a sense of enticement that
provokes exploration (Hilderbrand 2000). (p. 228)
49
-“The entomologist E.O.. Wilson coined the term Biophilia to describe humans’ inherent inclination to affili-
ate with nature, most particularly with life and ecosystem features of the natural environment.” (p. 85)
-“In 1993, the nonprofit Center for Health Design began advocating for a critical reexamination of the hos-
pital building. Recognizing that the built environment impacts both the patient experience and the medical
outcomes...” (p. 84)
-“The 20th century hospital, in its quest to accommodate rapid and chaotic changes in urbanization and
suburbanization, medical care delivery, and medical construction technologies, relegated a vision of
healing, wholeness, and connection to nature to the past.” (p. 320)
Take aways
-Defines Biophilia as “humans’
inherent inclination to affiliate with
nature, ...with life and ecosystem
features of the natural environment”
-Flaws in current hospitals being

unhealthy
50
1. Visual connection to nature 8. Biomorphic forms and patterns
2. Non-visual connection to 9. Material connection with
nature nature
3. Mon-Rhythmic sensory stimuli 10. Complexity & order
4. Thermal & airflow variability 11. Prospect
5. Presence of water 12. Refuge
6. Dynamic & diffuse lighting 13. Mystery
7. Connection with natural systems 14. Risk/Peril
Take aways
-Discusses some guidelines on
what makes good Biophilic
design, and provides a guideline
with techniques that
guided my design decisions.
51
Personal Interview
Richard Moorhead,
Architect;
Image Group,
Moorhead,
MN
Take aways
-Discussed his design of additions
and remodels to the Fargo VA.
-Incorporation of gardens for
patients
-VA conscientious about care for
veterans.
-VA aims for individuality rather than
institutional care.
-Leave room for expansion and
improvement.
53
The Design
The design of the campus consists of 4 buildings; The residential, the lab, the clinic, and the public.
The residential is where the veterans would live with a few staff members rooms on each floor, and a
community “chow hall” accessible to the residence, and on occasion open to family and friends for certain
events. The lab would have exam rooms for check ups with patients, and 4 laboratories for different uses
and testing. The clinic would contain space for aqua therapy, a gymnasium and workout room that would
be open to the pubic during certain times of the day, lounges, and a community green house. The public
would have a community restaurant, and office space for staff, specialist, and physicians required to run the
campus.
54
For these preliminary site layouts, I was looking to form relationships between the buildings of the campus,
while providing views to the inside and out. For this layout, I was looking to provide views to the center of
the campus, for the veterans who are more comfortable with civilian life. The 2 main buildings where the
veterans would spend most of their time are located in close proximity, forming a closer relationship. These
2 buildings also focus on the view to the ravine to create interest and a connection to nature. In this layout
the residential building, the most important of the 4, is flanked by the view of the ravine to the inside of the
campus, and the bluffs to the outside of the building.
55
For this layout, I began to play with different forms for some of the buildings. The residential building was
going to be stepped to allow for plant life and walkways looking out to nature rather then to the inside of
the campus. This plan puts the ravine as the focal point of more than just the 2 main veteran buildings, but
the campus as a whole. This in turn will create a more whole connection between all of the buildings.
56
This site plan brings the buildings closer to the river for a closer connection to the water. It also shifts the
campus further north toward the clearing for the possibility to utilize it rather then try to hide it. The res-
idential building hangs over the ravine, and is close to the clinic to create a relationship between them.
However, the residential building hanging over the ravine, I believe would be too much of an intrusion on
the natural systems of the site.
57
This idea creates a strong, close relationship between the buildings that the veterans would most attend.
The public building would be more detached from the other buildings, creating more privacy for the
veterans. This design incorporates the clearing on the site, and uses it as a separation between public and
private, but still allows a visual of the public from the rest of the campus.
58
This layout focuses more on the view to the north that looks up river through the valley. The clearing is to
the south of the campus which could create views form the lab and residential to the river, and also look
uphill to the west of the site. In this location of the site, the forest is not as dense than further inland, so
glimpses of the river would be possible from the public, clinic, and residential buildings.
59
This first iteration is shows the
residential building next to the
ravine. It shows a bridge that
would span the distance, and a
separate structure spaced away
from the building that would hold
trees and vegetation. The gap
between is to allow sunlight onto
the walkway and into the rooms.
The stepped design allows for
communal walkways outdoors.
This second iteration is a

concept that could be used for
the residential building or lab.
The stepped idea is still present
, but half of one side would be
an outdoor walkway, and half a
sloped green roof with slits cut
out for bands of glazing.
60
These are closer to the final forms that the 4 buildings took. I came to these forms after consideration of the
occupants that would mostly inhabit these place, the veterans. The campus is layout is design to resemble
that of a military barracks, with the modular rectilinear design which are juxtaposed to form a central
courtyard or place where soldiers would march. The forms give a sense of community and togetherness for
the veterans and visitors. However, where the military takes away the sense of individuality, the pushing and
pulling of the rooms brings back a sense of individuality while still maintaining the sense of community.
61
Project Solution
Boards
Biophilic Veterans
Rehab Center
A Place For Healing
Franconia. MN
Gymnasium
Community lounge and chow hall Resident community space Community green house Truss lounge
Community lounge and Kitchen and utilities Resident community Laboratories and Public restaurant Public gym Kitchen and utilities Community green Public "truss lounge"
"Chow hall" space exam rooms house
Veteran and staff Veteran and staff Staff Offices Public lounges Public work gym
living living

¡
¢

DN

The Residence
The Clinic
The Public
The Lab

Case Studies Take aways

Qualitative lit- Take aways relationship with outside and
erature review
how it is broken with the in-
vention of glass. Author talks
/ /
/ /
-Program
/

-Defines biophilia as “humans’

// //

//
// //

//

//

// // // /

/
// / //
/

//

/ /
// /

//

/
//

//

/

-Connection between pa-

inherent inclination to affiliate

//

Take aways

//
//

tients, family, and public

// //
with nature, ...with life and

//

//

// //
//

-Views and natural setting behind a man made material.

ecosystem features of the

/ /
/ /
/
//
//
// //
//
//
natural environment”
//
// //
/
/ /
/ /
-“Does this attraction, this seeming instance of biophilia, indicate that

-Relationships between uses -Flaws in current hospitals

// //
/ /
we are enjoying our control over, i.e., our dominion over and thus our
/
/
-Staff to inpatient ratio being unhealthy secure distantiation from the prickle of nature; or do we imagine that we
Groot Klimmendaal are truly bonding with or engaging the world outside? Glass is of consid-
-Spatial organizations and
//

//
//

erable utilitarian value, but has its ubiquitous and commanding pres-

// //

//
-“The entomologist E.O. Wilson coined the term biophilia to describe

//
//
//

proximities
// //

// //

ence in the walls of today’s architecture really brought us closer to cher-

humans’ inherent inclination to affiliate with nature, most particularly

-Gardening opportunities -Importance of natural with life and ecosystem features of the natural environment.” (p. 85) ishing the complexity, unpredictability, dangers, and grandeur of the
-“In 1993, the nonprofit Center for Health Design began advocating for a natural world?” (p. 254)
-Use of natural materials
// // //
daylighting
// // // // //
// // // // //
critical reexamination of the hospital building. Recognizing that the built -“We know that from a significant body of existing research that particu-
-Natural daylighting environment impacts both the patient experience and the medical out- lar elements are important, namely water, large trees, flowers, and rich
comes... (p. 84) vegetation (Orians and Heerwagen 1992;Heerwagen and Orian1993;
-Wooden details and structure -“The 20th century hospital, in its quest to accommodate rapid and cha- Ulrich 1993). We also know that certain spatial characteristics have
Fargo VA Hospital otic changes in urbanization and suburbanization, medical care delivery, strong appeal, such as views to the horizon (Appleton 1975), provision of
and medical construction technologies, relegated a vision of healing, refuge and protection (Appleton 1975), and a sense of enticement that
About a week was spent analyzing the Fargo VA in depth on how it is oriented, while gaining some wholeness, and connection to nature to the past.” (p. 320) provokes exploration (Hilderbrand 2000). (p. 228)
design considerations along the way. One of the first steps of the analysis was sorting out the
departments and estimating the area of each department to give me an idea of the space I would
Maggie’s Cancer Center
Personal Take aways
need. Amount of staff rooms to inpatient rooms was also studied, resulting in a ratio that is about
equal from staff to inpatients. The VA is a hospital, which differs from a rehabilitation center, so sizes
-Layout of spaces
Interview
of a few departments were decreased and others not included in the programing of this campus. The
-Program of spaces associated departments that were kept were radiology, and a few labs that could support chemistry, hematology, -Discusses some guidelines on
and endoscopy. what makes good biophilic
with fitness
Early on in the research process I was able to take a tour of the VA. Later, I had an interview with the
-Natural daylighting and ma- architect who is responsible for about 80 of the current projects, that range in scale. During the tour, I
design, and provides a guide-
teriality. was able to see a few of the departments and their relationship to each other, and more notable, their line with techniques that -Discussed his design of
proximity to the patients living quarters. The original building was added onto numerous times, guided my design decisions. additions and remodels to the
doubling in its original size today. The site has the flexibility to handle the fluctuation in patients, Fargo VA.
which is something that was considered in the project. 1. Visual connection to nature 8. Biomorphic forms and pat- -Incorporation of gardens for
The next analysis that was performed was looking at amount of natural daylighting, and how many 2. Non-visual connection to terns
The Clinic rooms had access to natural lighting. What was found was a low percent of rooms with a window to nature 9. Material connection with
patients
Biophilic veterans Rehab Center the exterior. This is an unfortunate result of the continuous additions to existing parts of the building. 3. Mon-Rhythmic sensory stim- nature -VA conscientious about care
Arch 772 Design Thesis uli 10. Complexity & order
Jacob Hinrichs 4. Thermal & airflow variability 11. Prospect
for veterans.
David Crutchfield 5. Presence of water 12. Refuge -VA aims for individuality
Rhino
6. Dynamic & diffuse lighting 13. Mystery Richard Moorhead, Archi- rather than institutional care.
tect; Image Group, Moor-
7. Connection with natural sys- 14. Risk/Peril
Revit tems -Leave room for expansion
Lumion
head, MN and improvement.
63
Board 1
Biophilic Veterans
Rehab Center
A Place For Healing
Franconia. MN
Board 2
64
Board 3
Community lounge and chow hall Resident community space
Gymnasium
Community green house Truss lounge
Board 4
Community lounge and Kitchen and utilities Resident community Laboratories and
"Chow hall" space exam rooms
Veteran and staff Veteran and staff
living living
« ¬ ®
© ª
§ ¨
¯ °
¥ ¦
The Residence
¥ ¦
The Lab
£ ¤
Public restaurant Public gym Kitchen and utilities Community green Public "truss lounge"
house
Staff Offices Public lounges Public work gym
º
³
µ ¹
¸
DN
¶
The Clinic
The Public
± ²
65
Board 5
Case Studies Take aways
/ /
/ /

-Program

/

¾
// //

//
// //

//

//

// // // /

/
// / //
/

//

/ /
// /

//

/
//

//

-Connection between pa-

//

Take aways

//
//

tients, family, and public

// //
//

//

// //
//

-Views and natural setting À
/ /
/ /
/
//
//
// //
//
//
//
// //
/
/ /
/ /
Á
-Relationships between uses
// //
/ /
/
/
-Staff to inpatient ratio
Groot Klimmendaal
//

¿
//
//

// //
//
//

//
//

proximities
// //
// //

½
-Gardening opportunities -Importance of natural

-Use of natural materials
// // //
daylighting
// // // // //
// // // // //
-Natural daylighting
-Wooden details and structure
Fargo VA Hospital
About a week was spent analyzing the Fargo VA in depth on how it is oriented, while gaining some
design considerations along the way. One of the first steps of the analysis was sorting out the
departments and estimating the area of each department to give me an idea of the space I would
Maggie’s Cancer Center need. Amount of staff rooms to inpatient rooms was also studied, resulting in a ratio that is about
equal from staff to inpatients. The VA is a hospital, which differs from a rehabilitation center, so sizes
-Layout of spaces of a few departments were decreased and others not included in the programing of this campus. The
-Program of spaces associated departments that were kept were radiology, and a few labs that could support chemistry, hematology,
and endoscopy.
with fitness
Early on in the research process I was able to take a tour of the VA. Later, I had an interview with the
-Natural daylighting and ma- architect who is responsible for about 80 of the current projects, that range in scale. During the tour, I
teriality. was able to see a few of the departments and their relationship to each other, and more notable, their
proximity to the patients living quarters. The original building was added onto numerous times,
doubling in its original size today. The site has the flexibility to handle the fluctuation in patients,
which is something that was considered in the project.
The next analysis that was performed was looking at amount of natural daylighting, and how many
The Clinic rooms had access to natural lighting. What was found was a low percent of rooms with a window to
Biophilic veterans Rehab Center the exterior. This is an unfortunate result of the continuous additions to existing parts of the building.
Arch 772 Design Thesis
Jacob Hinrichs
David Crutchfield
Rhino
Revit
Lumion
66
Board 6
Qualitative lit- Take aways relationship with outside and
erature review
how it is broken with the in-
vention of glass. Author talks
-Defines biophilia as “humans’
behind a man made material.
ecosystem features of the
natural environment”
-“Does this attraction, this seeming instance of biophilia, indicate that
-Flaws in current hospitals we are enjoying our control over, i.e., our dominion over and thus our
being unhealthy secure distantiation from the prickle of nature; or do we imagine that we
are truly bonding with or engaging the world outside? Glass is of consid-
-“The entomologist E.O. Wilson coined the term biophilia to describe erable utilitarian value, but has its ubiquitous and commanding pres-
humans’ inherent inclination to affiliate with nature, most particularly ence in the walls of today’s architecture really brought us closer to cher-
with life and ecosystem features of the natural environment.” (p. 85) ishing the complexity, unpredictability, dangers, and grandeur of the
-“In 1993, the nonprofit Center for Health Design began advocating for a natural world?” (p. 254)
critical reexamination of the hospital building. Recognizing that the built -“We know that from a significant body of existing research that particu-
environment impacts both the patient experience and the medical out- lar elements are important, namely water, large trees, flowers, and rich
comes... (p. 84) vegetation (Orians and Heerwagen 1992;Heerwagen and Orian1993;
-“The 20th century hospital, in its quest to accommodate rapid and cha- Ulrich 1993). We also know that certain spatial characteristics have
otic changes in urbanization and suburbanization, medical care delivery, strong appeal, such as views to the horizon (Appleton 1975), provision of
and medical construction technologies, relegated a vision of healing, refuge and protection (Appleton 1975), and a sense of enticement that
wholeness, and connection to nature to the past.” (p. 320) provokes exploration (Hilderbrand 2000). (p. 228)
Personal Take aways

-Discusses some guidelines on Interview
what makes good biophilic
design, and provides a guide-
line with techniques that -Discussed his design of
guided my design decisions. additions and remodels to the
Fargo VA.
1. Visual connection to nature 8. Biomorphic forms and pat- -Incorporation of gardens for
2. Non-visual connection to terns
nature 9. Material connection with
patients
3. Mon-Rhythmic sensory stim- nature -VA conscientious about care
uli 10. Complexity & order
4. Thermal & airflow variability 11. Prospect
for veterans.
5. Presence of water 12. Refuge -VA aims for individuality
6. Dynamic & diffuse lighting 13. Mystery Richard Moorhead, Archi- rather than institutional care.
tect; Image Group, Moor-
7. Connection with natural sys- 14. Risk/Peril
tems -Leave room for expansion
head, MN and improvement.
67
Models
68
69
Response to Site
The final location for the campus on the site is adjacent to
the clearing, with the back of the public building on the edge
of the clearing. The residential building is backed up close to
the river for views to, and over the river. The existing clearing
serves as a place to put a driveway, and also connects the
campus more directly to the river. In previous iterations I
tried to separate the campus from the clearing because it
is an unnatural, man made feature of the site. However, it
provides opportunities, such as the driveway to preserve the
forest and destruct as little as possible.
71
The area of the site has some steep terrain that the 3 closest buildings
must respond to. The residential and the public (the 2 visible in the
top image) both have a portion of the floors that are below grade,
that then extend out and sit above grade as the topography slopes
away from both buildings. The lab also has a partial floor below grade,
which is where the radiology lab is located. I picked this location
rather then a more level region of the site because the sloping grade
allows for more panoramic views to the river valley. I think it also
creates interesting spaces, and require less disturbing of the ground
for construction purposes.
72
All 4 buildings are connected by covered walkways with accessible
ramps. Due to the extreme topography, and because the residential
building sits lower than the others, there is a node with a set of
stairs and a hand powered elevator system. The main stretch of the
walkway goes from the residential, past the lab, and to the clinic, with
an offshoot across the center to the public building. The public has
a portico for the driveway that the covered walkway leads into. This
allows residents, easy access to all of the buildings year round.
73
Response to
Precedent research
Thorncrown
Chapel
-Natural materials from region

-Glazing for views to woods
-Natural setting
Maggie's Cancer
Center
-Gardening opportunities
-Natural materials
-Natural daylighting
-Wooden details and structure
Applications
Throughout the campus wood

is the structural material. Basalt
stone from the site is used for the
first floors of all the buildings,
and living walls are dispersed
throughout as well.
Like the cancer center, the clinic

contains a community green
house. The clinic also has glazing
for views and daylighting like
Thorncrown.
75
Calat
Alhambra
-Engages occupants with natural
surroundings
-Water feature for sound
-Trees and plants for non-visual
connection to nature
Applications
The clinic has plants growing on

lattice work inside and out. This
provides a visual connection
and puts them in a natural
surrounding for their exercise all
year round.
Like the clinic, the residence has

living walls located by the 3 light
wells, engaging them with nature
inside. A rain chain feeding into
a pool at each floor creates a
trickling sound throughout the
building.
Like the Calat Alhambra, the

rehabilitation center surrounds
its occupants with a forest and
natural surroundings.
76
Fargo VA
Hospital
-Relationships between uses
-Staff to inpatient ratio
proximities
-Importance of natural lighting
Groot
Klimmendaal
-Program
-Connection between patients,
family, and public
-Views and natural setting
The Clinic
-Layout of spaces
-Program of spaces associated
with fitness
-Natural lighting and materiality
Applications
The Clinic The Public The ratio between inpatient
and staff rooms at the VA were
about equal, so the residential
has about the same number of
rooms as offices in the public
building. This is also where the
idea of the labs came from. The
idea of community spaces in
the residence, clinic, and public
came from Groot. The workout
The Lab The Residence space in the clinic was inspire by
77
the case study, The Clinic.
Article
-Discusses some guidelines on

what makes good Biophilic
design, and provides a guideline
with techniques that
guided my design decisions.
Applications
I chose to focus on 6 core
patterns of Biophilic design:
1. Visual connection to nature
2. Non-visual connection to
nature
3. Non-rhythmic sensory stimuli
4. Presence of water
5. Connection with natural
systems
6. material connection to nature
1. Living wall; views to nature

2. Living wall, green house
(touch, smell); rain chain(sound);
3. Light glimmer from water;
grass movement; flowers
bringing birds and insects
4. Rain chain; pool
5. River and drainage
6. Various woods; Stone (not in
images)
78
Book
-Defines Biophilia as “humans’
ecosystem features of the natural
environment”
-Flaws in current hospitals
being unhealthy
Book
relationship with outside
and how it is broken with the
invention of glass. Author talks
physical contact with nature not
protected form its grasp behind a
man made material.
Applications
Taking the quote from Biophilic Design about glass, the intent was
to try to break that distant relationship. To reconnect residence to
the outdoors, there are balconies accessible by 2 rooms each. This
provides each resident access to the outdoors from their own rooms.
These balconies are highlighted in yellow in the floor plan, and are
located in the cavities of the facades below.
79
Response to Goals
Goals
• Expedite the healing process for physically disabled veterans
-Utilize the natural environment
-Utilize Biophilic design in the building
• Help the transition back into civilian life
-Chance meetings with public
-Pace of interactions in control of individual veterans.
Emphasis
The major elements the design should focus on are the facilities connection to nature, and the veteran’s inter-
actions with the public, while maintaining private areas. The focus of this project should be on the veterans
and their healing process, which is linked largely to the connection to nature. The next element of importance
is the interactions between the public and the veterans. This is important for the veterans to interact with the
public at their own pace, which means being able to seclude the public areas from the veteran areas, only al-
lowing certain places the possibility of interaction. The connection to nature gets the most emphasis because
that is the reason for incorporating Biophilic design into the rehab center.
The Residence
The residence was the most

detailed, and had the most
design thought put into it. This
is the place where veterans
will spend most of their time,
therefor deserves the most
attention.
The light wells for natural

light, the water features, living
walls, views and materiality all
add elements to the Biophilic
experience. This provides the
connection to nature necessary
to help their healing.
81
The Clinic
The clinic is the other place

where veterans would spend
much of their time for exercise
and rehabilitation. At certain
times this would be a place for
public interaction and a place for
veterans and staff or physicians.
The community garden, living

walls and large amounts of
glazing in this facility help to
fulfill aspects of Biophilia. The
connections here too, like the
residential building, expose them
to nature throughout the day.
Included on the main floor would
be aquatic therapy pool for the
veterans.
Lounges throughout the building

would facilitate interactions
between veterans and the public
alike aiding in the veterans
transition back into civilian life.
The example here, is a lounge in
the trusses of the structure, with
a floor plan that leads to outdoor
lounges at roof level that would
provide panoramic views over
the river valley.
82
The Lab
The Lab is the place for the care

of the veterans. The laboratories
and exam rooms ensure health
and safety of the veterans.
The location of the lab is the

closest of the buildings to
the residential building. This
provides the fastest access
through the covered walkways.
The Public
The public building is the heart of

the campus, with the offices that
hold the staff needed to run the
campus.
This building is also the main

place that brings in the general
public with the public restaurant.
The portico serves as the main
entrance for the public .
83
Covered walkways
These covered walkways provide

veterans and visitors access to
all building rain or shine, all year
round.
These allow physically disabled

veterans especially, stress free
mobility between buildings.
Reducing stress on the veterans
helps the healing process,
accomplishing my goal.
To focus the purpose of these

connections between buildings,
the 3 main buildings veterans
would spend the most time, are
more directly connected by the
walkway.
84
Appendix
Reference list
14 Patterns of Biophilic Design. (2014, September 12). Retrieved May 10, 2017, from http://www.terrapin
brightgreen.com/reports/14-patterns-of-biophilic-design/
Guenther, R., & Vittori, G. (2007). Sustainable Healthcare Architecture (1 edition). Hoboken, N.J: Wiley.
Google Earth
Kellert, S. R., Heerwagen, J., & Mador, M. (2011). Biophilic Design: The Theory, Science and Practice of Bring
ing Buildings to Life. John Wiley & Sons.
Maggie’s Cancer Centre Manchester / Foster + Partners | ArchDaily. (n.d.). Retrieved February 27, 2017, from
http://www.archdaily.com/786370/maggies-cancer-centre-manchester-foster-plus-partners
Moorhead, R. of Image Group (2017, January 30). Personal Interview
Rehabilitation Centre Groot Klimmendaal / Koen van Velsen | ArchDaily. (n.d.). Retrieved February 6, 2017,
from http://www.archdaily.com/126290/rehabilitation-centre-groot-klimmendaal-koen-van-velsen
The Clinic / hcreates | ArchDaily. (n.d.). Retrieved February 27, 2017, from http://www.archdaily.com/773715/
the-clinic-hcreates
87
Studio
Experience
2nd year
Fall 2013: Darrel Booker Spring 2014: Cindy Urness
Tea House Project
Dance Studio Dwelling

3rd year
Fall 2014: Paul Gleye Spring 2015: Malini Srivastava
Visitor Center Multipurpose E-Fargo Learning Center

center
4th year
Fall 2015: Don Faulkner Spring 2016-Abroad: Paul Gleye
Belgium Infill Project
Capstone High rise
5th year
Fall 2016: Malini Srivastava
Solar Decathlon
88
About Me
22010 Manning Trail N. Scandia,

MN, 55073
651-271-7189
Hometown: Scandia, MN
NDSU is a wonderful place to

learn and build relationships that
will last a lifetime.
89
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Biophilic Veterans

A Design Thesis submitted to the department of Architecture

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Primary Thesis Advisor

Thesis Committee Chair

Thesis narrative 8-10

Research paper 11-21

Precedent analysis 22-26

Site analysis 33-36

Code analysis 37-38

Plan for proceeding 39-41

The Design 54-61

Project Solution 63-69

Response to site 70-73

Response to Precedent Research 74-79

Response to Goals 80-84

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  " "   2       *     +  -                     +   #    &   0 $   %

*          "  - & # 0  & #         # &   !   &     !    - &   ' 7      *   ; *  

   < # # &  =    +    0   & #    *        $  0  *  & & 0 #    &  #      > - %

 0 ' 1 -           1           &   & 2      $   & +              3   "  

 &   2 "  & &    #      *       "  #  "  ' 8       *    $ +    0 "  0  

#   !         * &    +  -      )  *              *  - & #   , -       # '

     $ &  0     + $  0 *   &  ! *  &   # $  0 *     *  &   -   +   #  &        

  -    - &   *  &        ! +  -   &      #            &    "  & &   # 

    $ $ & *   &      0   $ &  0          !  ' 8      $  *  & & 0 # F * - & 

        "           $  0  *  & & 0 #    &  # ' 8   .  -   1         

R   !    + S P T U V ' H &   ! "   -    $ &  0     + $  0 *   &  ! *  &  $  *        %

 #    #   *      & 0  )  *   !          &   ! "   #  $       + *      !

        -  # &         ' 8        !  *  - $ &  # *   &   #    -      *    -  

& 2  #  - !    #  & *    & ' R  0 *     *  & $    &     &     *    $     &        

    "   &   &  *     *  *     2     & &          & #    ' 8        &  0  

  & #            -     &   *        -     ' 8   *   &   #          &

#    *              #    #    & 0   *  -        "       0 &      #  

#       & #   ' 8   &      #        *   &   #    &         G         

Does this attraction,

this seeming instance v

that we are enjoying t c X _ k b p a b f b ` a \ X ] c b W ` Z w p c c X ` a f _ g ] Y ] a ] X ^ e b ` u a f p Y x Y Y a \ X ` X X e ^ b f a \ X ^ X

our control over, i.e.,

our dominion over y z { { | } ~       ~     |    ~ z   } 

and thus our secure  

distantiation from the

are truly bonding with ¡

or engaging the world

value, but has its ubiq- c X g X i a ] b ` ¨ © ] ` g X ` a X a _ Y Z q ª « ¬ « ­ Z [ \ ] ^ ^ a p e d ^ \ b W ^ a \ _ a X l X ` ® p ^ a _ ` ] h _ m X

uitous and command-

ing presence in the b p a ^ ] e X Z ¯ Y _ ^ ^ ] ^ _ h _ c l X Y b p ^ _ ` e i c _ g a ] g _ Y ] ` l X ` a ] b ` Z

walls of today’s archi-

tecture really brought 

the complexity, unpre-

# & ! ' ( ) ! " # # ) ) *

& # + # " # ) " * # ) * , -

& $ ! & # - ! ' . " + * - * , -

/ $ $ * # ) * " 0 ' . $ & #

1 + $ + & 2 3 " $ # " & & #

* * & & 0 + 0 - / & - * 2 0 + " # " ' 4 - & & !

- & * & $ & $ * + # 1 %

# / - & 6 & ! ! ' 7 &

$ " * & $ 3 $ # & ! $ * # & # %

' 8 & # # ! " & & * " & & *

8 & ! " " & & $ & 0

& " 0 * - $ * * ' 4 ! ! " ! $ %

$ + - # & 0 + # " " * & # "

# & $ ' 7 # & $ # - # $ * &

" $ * * $ - " ' 5 & * - $ * * " -

" " 2 * + - + # & 0 $ %

* " - & # 0 & # # & ! & ! - & ' 7 * ; *

< # # & = + 0 & # * $ 0 * & & 0 # & # > - %

0 ' 1 - 1 & & 2 $ & + 3 "

& 2 " & & # * " # " ' 8 * $ + 0 " 0

# ! * & + - ) * * - & # , - # '

$ & 0 + $ 0 * & ! * & # $ 0 * * & - + # &

- - & * & ! + - & # & " & & #

$ $ & * & 0 $ & 0 ! ' 8 $ * & & 0 # F * - &

" $ 0 * & & 0 # & # ' 8 . - 1

R ! + S P T U V ' H & ! " - $ & 0 + $ 0 * & ! * & $ * %

# # * & 0 ) * ! & ! " # $ + * !

- # & ' 8 ! * - $ & # * & # - * -

& 2 # - ! # & * & ' R 0 * * & $ & & * $ &

" & & * * * 2 & & & # ' 8 & 0

& # - & * - ' 8 * & # &

# * # # & 0 * - " 0 & #

# & # ' 8 & # * & # & G

our dominion over y z { { | } ~ ~ | ~ z }

and thus our secure

value, but has its ubiq- c X g X i a ] b ` ¨ © ] ` g X ` a X a _ Y Z q ª « ¬ « Z [ \ ] ^ ^ a p e d ^ \ b W ^ a \ _ a X l X ` ® p ^ a _ ` ] h _ m X

tecture really brought