Multiplexer

Multiplexer means many into one. Multiplexer means transmitting a large number of information over
a smaller number of channel. It selects binary information from one of many input lines and direct it
to the single output.
Multiplexer is a combinational circuit that has maximum of 2 n data inputs, ‘n’ selection lines whose
bit combination determine which input is selected and single output line. One of these data inputs will
be connected to the output based on the values of selection lines. Since there are ‘n’ selection lines,
there will be 2n possible combinations of zeros and ones. So, each combination will select only one
data input. Multiplexer is also called as Mux.
In multiplexer we use function table instead of truth table because the truth table is become
complicated to show due to the number of variables.
Applications of Multiplexers
A Multiplexer is used in numerous applications like, where multiple data can be transmitted using a
single line.

 Communication System – A Multiplexer is used in communication systems, which has a

transmission system and also a communication network. A Multiplexer is used to increase the
efficiency of the communication system by allowing the transmission of data such as audio &
video data from different channels via cables and single lines.
 Computer Memory – A Multiplexer is used in computer memory to keep up a vast amount
of memory in the computers, and also to decrease the number of copper lines necessary to
connect the memory to other parts of the computer.
 Telephone Network – A multiplexer is used in telephone networks to integrate the multiple
audio signals on a single line of transmission.

Block diagram of multiplexer:

Types of Multiplexer:

 2:1MUX
 4:1MUX
 8:1 MUX
 16:1 MUX
2:1 Multiplexer: It has two data input I0 , I1 and 1 selection line S and one output Y. Each of two
input line is applied to one input of AND gate and selection line directed to select a particular AND
gate. The output of AND gate are applied to a single OR gate to provide the single output.
Block Diagram
Function table:

Boolean Expression:

Logic Diagram:

4:1 Multiplexer: It has four data input I0 , I1 ,I2,I3 and 2 selection line S0, S1 and one output Y. One of
these 4 inputs will be connected to the output based on the combination of inputs present at these two
selection lines. Truth table of 4x1 Multiplexer is shown below
Block Diagram:

Function table:
Boolean Expression:
𝑌 = S1′S0′𝐼0 + S1′S0𝐼1 + S1S0′𝐼2 + S1S0𝐼3
Logic Diagram:

Assignment:
1. Explain 8:1 multiplexer.