Adventist University of the Philippines

Medical Laboratory Science Dept.

Immunohematology Laboratory
Review Questions and Study Guide
Chapters 11-14

NAME: TENCHAVEZ, Duke Harvey M. Lab Schedule Tue AM Date April 18, 2022

I. Donor Screening
Write A if the donor is accepted, and X if deferred.
1. A male donor, 18 y/o athlete with 38 beats per minute pulse rate. X
2. A female donor, 23 y/o with 38C temperature and had her tattoo applied on March 8,
2020. X
3. A male donor, 23 y/o, came from a night shift work, with 120/80 blood pressure. A
4. A 4 months pregnant mother, 45 y/0, with 37.5˚C temperature. X
5. A male nurse who had a vacation Palawan 4 years ago, 35y/o with 30% Hct. A

Match the following blood donor conditions with its correct time duration of deferral.

1. Rubella Immunization a. 1 year

2. HBsAg positive b. 4 weeks
3. AIDS c. 2 weeks
4. Minor tooth extraction d. permanent deferral
5. STS Positive e. 48hours
6. Biopsy f. 3 days
7. Polio vaccine g. accepted
8. Aspirin intake h. 8 weeks
9. Plasmapheresis i. 3 months
10. Blood donation

II. Transfusion Reaction

List down the step-by-step procedure of investigating transfusion reaction:

1. Centrifuge post-transfusion samples and observe color of serum.

• Pink, red, or brown color indicates presence of free hemoglobin or its derivatives
• Compare pre- and post-transfusion specimens
2. Perform DAT immediately to determine presence of donor red cells sensitized by
patient antibody
3. Negative results on identification then check cells, look for free serum hemoglobin,
and look for sensitized cells sufficient to rule out hemolytic transfusion reaction.
4. If any of the above parameters are positive, further testing may include:
• Repeat ABO and Rh tests on pre- and post-transfusion specimens
• Urine check for presence of hemoglobin, particularly if hemolysis is not
suspected until several hours post-transfusion
• Repeat crossmatching on pre- and post-transfusion specimens
• Check on patient’s transfusion history
• If antibody identified in either of patient’s specimens, check patient’s cells for
corresponding antigen.

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 Adventist University of the Philippines
Medical Laboratory Science Dept.
Immunohematology Laboratory
Review Questions and Study Guide
Chapters 11-14

Complete the table for type of transfusion reaction.

Type of Reaction Cause Symptoms or Component

complications requirement/
corrective action
a. Intravascular -When antibody activates If complement Lewis antibodies
hemolysis compliment. activation persists, and anti-PP1pk
- Anti A and Anti B cause red blood cells antibodies were
prompt destruction lyse in circulation. added.

b. Extravascular - Antibodies attached to -Hemoglobinemia -Transfusion of

hemolysis the red cell surface but do -Hemostatic blood or
not bind compliment; dysfunction phototherapy
destruction occurs in the -Delayed
spleen transfusion
reaction

- Antibodies bind
compliments but do not
cause in vitro hemolysis;
destruction occurs in the
liver
c. Delayed Antibodies responsible: Jka - Fever, anemia, -An extensive
transfusion or Jkb, anti-E or anti-C, or and renal transfusion history,
reaction anti-Fya, IgG complications may as well as the
complicate the transfusion of
patient's clinical antigen-negative
course. blood regardless of
current antibody
detection

d. Febrile -Reaction between - Temperature rise Leukocyte- poor

nonhemolytic antibody and transfused during, or within red cells or with
reactions granulocytes, resulting in or after microaggregates
lysosomal enzyme release transfusion. filter.

e. Anaphylactic - IgA deficiency patients - Hypotension and -Stop transfusion

reaction hypoxia can cause as soon as
myocardial possible, followed
ischemia, by therapy to
especially if there stabilize the
is underlying patient's condition.
coronary artery -Deglycerolized
disease. Treatment frozen cells or
with pressors may washed red cells
result in ischemia are used.
or arrhythmias.

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 Adventist University of the Philippines
Medical Laboratory Science Dept.
Immunohematology Laboratory
Review Questions and Study Guide
Chapters 11-14
Prolonged hypoxia
may also result in
brain injury.
f. Simple allergic Soluble material in Rashes and hives Washed red blood
reactions transfused unit without hemolityc cells
events.
g. Delayed Physician caused - Fever, mild Reduce plasma
hemolytic transfusion reaction jaundice, and an volume
transfusion inexplicable drop Washed Red cells
in hemoglobin
concentration.

h. Bacterial Causative agents: Gram- -Tachycardia, Carefully screened

contamination positive bacteria nausea and blood components.
reaction vomiting, rigors, Any tinge of green
high fever, severe in the component
chills, maybe a sign of
hypotension, bacterial
dyspnea, or contamination
circulatory
collapse during or
shortly after the
transfusion

III. Blood Component Preparation

Storage of blood and its components

1. Red blood cells with ACD : Stored 21 days at 1-6˚C Temperature
2. Platelets: stored: 5 days at 20-24˚C with continuous agitation
3. Fresh frozen plasma: 1 year at -18˚C temperature

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 Adventist University of the Philippines
Medical Laboratory Science Dept.
Immunohematology Laboratory
Review Questions and Study Guide
Chapters 11-14
Make a schematic diagram of the complete component preparation when heavy and light spin
centrifugation are performed.

Match each of the following components or blood derivatives with the use or statement

1. Factor VIII A. Bleeding caused by low or

2. Crystalloid solutions or plasma dysfunctional platelets.
substitutes B. Rarely, if ever, used in
3. Fresh frozen plasma transfusion.
4. Packed red blood cells C. Restore or maintain blood
5. Platelet concentrates volume.
Whole blood D. Restore or maintain
oxygen0carrying capacity.
E. Source of labile clotting factors.
F. Treatment of severe von
Willebrand;s disease

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 Adventist University of the Philippines
Medical Laboratory Science Dept.
Immunohematology Laboratory
Review Questions and Study Guide
Chapters 11-14

IV. Quality Management:

A. Quality Assurance B. Quality System

A. Quality Assurance 1. Set of planned actions to provide confidence to the

system that influence the quality of the product or service.
B. Quality System 2. Provides framework for uniformly applying quality
principles and practices.
A. Quality Assurance 3. Daily testing of the positive and negative controls.,