MCL140: Engineering Thermodynamics

Tut-1: Solutions
1. a) In 2018-19 fiscal year, the total electricity generated in India was 1547 TWh (Terra-
Watt hour)

b) Sun emits 384.6 yotta Watts (3.86 x 1026 Watts) of energy in form of light and radiation.
At the upper reaches of the Earth’s atmosphere, the solar radiation is approx. 1,368 W/m 2. At
Earth’s surface, the energy density is reduced to approx. 1,000 W/m2 for a surface normal to
the Sun’s rays. Total solar power received by Earth’s surface = 1.28 x 1017 Watts.

c) Daily Phone energy consumption ~ 0.01 kWh; Battery capacity~3000 mAh

d) Laptop ~ 0.05 kWh for 8 hours usage

e) Tesla Roadster (2020):

Max. Power – 215 kW (288 hp), Battery capacity – 200 kWh (700 MJ), Top speed – 250 mph

Assume, the car runs at top speed for max. power.

Time taken for battery to drain completely = 200/215 hours = 0.93 hours

Distance travelled = 250 x 0.93 = 232.558 mi = 374.18 km

The range can be more than the above value if the car is driven at more optimal power
conditions.

f) Nuclear Submarine reactor: Power generated ~ 300 MW

2. a) Daiken 1 ton split AC: Power consumption: 918 W, COP = 3.65

b) A Samsung refrigerator Compressor: Power input – 145 W, COP = 1.69

c) Maruti Suzuki Swift DZIRE LXI Engine: Max Power: 66 kW @ 6000 rpm. Modern
gasoline engines have maximum thermal efficiency of about 20% to 35%, thus, most of the
energy from fuel is emitted as heat without being converted to useful work.

d) Crompton Ceiling fan 1200 mm: Power – 77 W, Air Delivery: 230 CMM

e) The efficiency of a steam-electric power plant is typically 33% to 48%. This efficiency is
limited for all heat engines by the laws of thermodynamics. (Carnot cycle)
3. a) Power estimate = Thrust x Velocity

Specifications Dassault Rafale HAL Tejas

Max. Thrust 2 x 7.5 t = 150 kN 90 kN (with afterburners)
Max speed 1.8 M = 385.833 m/s 1.8 M = 385.833 m/s
Power 57.875 MW 34.725 MW

b) Power estimate = Thrust x Velocity

Rocket Stage-1

Specifications SpaceX Falcon9 PSLV

Max. Thrust 7686 kN 4800 kN (with afterburners)
Speed at Stage separation 10 Ma = 3430 m/s 1436.48 m/s
Power 26363 MW 6895 MW

Rocket Stage-2

Specifications SpaceX Falcon9 PSLV

Max. Thrust 981 kN 799 kN (with afterburners)
Speed at Stage separation 7800 m/s 3446.04 m/s
Power 7651 MW 2753.4 MW

Falcon 9 rocket has 2 stages. Stage-2 separation occurs at low earth orbital speed ~7.8 km/s.

PSLV rocket has 4 stages, Stage-4 separates at low earth orbital speed.

c) Formula 1 Mercedes AMG F1 W10 EQ Power+: Power ~ 710 kW – 750 kW

Formula E SRT05E Engine: Max. Power = 250 kW