INDEX NO, : M-70 RAIAT TECHNICAL MANUAL FOR VOLTAGE RATIO AND LOAD TEST ON 1 PHASE TRANSFORMER :2000 Certified Company) » MansaroverPREMIER TRADING CORPORATION VOLTAGE RATIO AND LOAD TEST. ON 1 PHASE TRANSFORMER AIM (@) To measure voltage ratio of primary and secondary windings © Toperform load test on 1 phase transformer and to determine the following () Efficiency at different loads and to plot efficiency Vs load curve, Gi) Regulation of the transformer and to plot regulation Vs load curve MACHINE REQUIRED Single Phase Transformer 1 KVA 230/230V with Tappings at 50% & 86.6% Naturally Air Cooled Copper Double wound, Shell type. The transformer will be housed in MS sheet box enclosure with rubber footings. Alll the terminals of primary & secondary shall be brought over to bakelite sheet fitted on top of the box through insulated terminals. ‘RAJAT” make. CONTROL PANEL 1 MI Voltmeter 96 x 96 mm Sq 0-300V 2No. 2. MI Ammeter 96 x 96 mm Sq 0-10A 2No. 3. Single Phase Single Element Dynamo type Wattmeter 1 No. 4. Single Phase Variac Air Cooled 0-270V 1No. 5 Suitable Electrical Load i i) Polarity Test Each of the terminals of primary as well as secondary winding of a transformer is alternately sitive and negative with respect to each other. Itis essential to know the relative polarities ar any s i ylary terminals for making correct connections under the following type jhase transformers are to b2 connected in parallel to share the total load le transformers to from v 3 phase bank with pr sec \ windings. 3 induced emf E1 in the primary wit in the secondary windings will aPREMIER TRADING CORPORATION If the two windings are connected by joining Al to al as shown in fig ‘A’ and an alternating Voltage V1 applied across the primary then the marking are correct if the voltage V3 is less that VI Such a polarity is generally termed as subtractive polarity in which the induced emfs in the primary and “Secondary windings are subtractive. The standard practice is (o have subtractive polarity for transformer connections, because it reduces the voltage stress between the adjacent leads. In case V3 is greater than ‘VI the emfs induced in the primary and secondary windings have an additive relation and the ‘transformer is said to have additive polarity, (ii) Voltage Ratio The induced emf per phase in the primary and secondary windings of a transformer is given by, Induced emf in primary, E, = 4.44 f 9 T, Induced emf in secondary, E> = 4.44 f 9 Tp However, E) = V; and E; = V2 Nab Hence, The voltage ratio, = = = —- — vo th Load Test Performance of the transformer can be determined as follows from the observations of load test. Power input to the transformer = W, (reading of wattmeter) Power output of transformer = VI watts (cos @ being unity for lamp bank load) VI Thus, efficiency at a particular load, 1 x 100 percent Ww No load voltage across secondary = F, (x90) (Kup fired Terminals voltage across secondary at a particular load = V7PREMIER TRADING CORPORATION 230V,a.c, i €* : Load test on transformer ” the circuit ee for polarity test, voltage retio test and self explanaPREMIER TRADING CORPORATION PROCEDURE (®) Polarity Test 1 Connect the uit as per figure ‘A’ Switch on single phase AC supply. 3, Record the voltages V1, V2 and V3. It is advisable to use a single voltmeter with probes to measure these three volta, ge. In case V3 < V1 the polarity is subtractive. 4. Repeat step 3, after conne disconnected before makin; polarity. ‘cting the terminals Al and a2. The transformer should be ig this change. In this case V3 > V1 which indicates additive Switch off the AC supply (>) Voltage Ratio Test 1. Connect the circuit as per fig ‘B*, 2. Switch on AC supply. 3. Records the voltage V1 across the primary and V2 across various tapping of the secondary. It will be preferred, if all th ie voltages are measured by the same voltmeter. Switch off the AC supply. itely 10 percent of full load current in the s secondary by switching on bank load. Record the readings of all the meters, load currents, till the full load value, transformer by switching off the bulbs inthe lamp bank load, eePREMIER TRADING CORPORATION 4 X WORKING OF CONTROL PANEL FOR LOAD TE: RS CONTROL PANEL FOR LOAD TEST. 1 Connect the circuit as per attached panel layout diagram for single phase transformer load test % Connect the AC input terminals through Variae on panel 3. Connect the transformer terminals C and 100% on primary side to terminals marked PRIMARY on panel and the secondary C and 100% should be connected to terminals marked SECONDARY, “Now connect the various instruments ie. voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter required for Toad test as per above figure. % The short circuit voltmeter 0-30 V should be disconnected and voltage range of wattmeter should be changed from 75V to 300 V. 6. Ensure that there is no load on the secondary windings of the transformer 7. Switch on the AC supply and record the no load voltage across the primary & secondary winding. Repeat step 8 for various load currents, till the full load value 10. Reduce the load on the transformer by switching off the bulbs in the lamp bank load. 11. Switch off the AC supply. ATIONS : May be tabulated as follows. (0) Voltage Ratio Test Nai |S Noel Viol Van LvanVyPREMIER TRADING CORPORATION 2eg 2eG C2802 eneses Ck eseg eve UAIGALIVM ave ca ee ‘Avde AOST ASL ee VST IOT °