Unit-i

wumeuiCa Snteqration
pom
Re bicTes evaluating a dehinite integal
ü
antagtand
aseto kabulated valusg the
lled the numeia Sntegration
yTiofe3oidal 9uule
(lotnh
flx) dx 9o+n)-+ 2(J+9%t
X
Simpo0ns ont -thisd
9ule

|lso3n) +u(y,t3+s)
Xotnh
fix)dx
--*Sn
+2( +u +Is1

Simpsend thrce -eahd ul

Tl)
(Xo nh
ftod o5n)+3(%+8 +Y*-}
+2 3+%tJrt--)
l s the
one -tird
dimpsord
Neteiuhen aMJing even
numr g
divided inte
inteiyal must be
9iven
e u a l Aub Anterwals

simpdens thiue-eight
ule the given
when applying threl
ants multitlies
interwal must bedividled
eual sub intervaly.
us J13dz tons ideoing
y vsing takjddl
ive Aub iteruals.

utftx) n[o,j =[a,b]

Let h b-
h:K
ne.Aub interuald
 -0 A2 2.3 2
5
3.2
3-32
y 36
fl1)-x3
Xo 0 Yo-0 khivd uule
Aimphsons ane +2G.
0:2 (0-2) O-008 B tyn)t 4( 9+s
0-nh fa) du h (t3o - Syt--3
Sn (o-4- 0.064 )xo
X3 0.6 y (O-6) O.216
4-0.8 S- (o.8) =0.512 O 65
5 0 dl O.65
65
Ars 3 o
BTiabe3oidal uile singiTsapezoidal
ruls
Xo+nh Evaluate
3) Taking h-"/4
fdx 3n)+2l9 +>+%
ule Tiking h» Y4
Sdk - 2 |(0+1)+2(0.00+0-064 ti Simpsor
O. 216+05 9ude taking h= "/6
ii, SimpAoris 3 each a
Compuute the value TT n
3, Find the valus g by Bimpsoris nule hence
Se, S) = on[o,1]
odtain the Valus o Log,3
Let h- b-a
Sa)- 2,6J a, bJ
h-
hb-a 0.25
9-Sox)-
+ + 1

So +o=
A=0.25s
h - o.y +o-25) 0.99
X2 0.55
yfa)
Xo 2 4O.T5) O:6y
X 2.4
2
4- = O. 5
 On- third r u l
Aimplons
J Evaluate by
yy Evas
ed

e-xdx
1) using Aim dms me thivd uule intevals.
Aub
Taking to
e m [o, j
fad t93)+ «(+ht-) Lat flx):
h 1-o
a+y+J 2

9=e
D.25 1+0 5) +4(d»?4+O« 64)+

0: 0.0
X-O:2 0.0y O16
-O.76
d
0:09 9 09
Xz O3 Y4O.85
y By uding SimpAeta thoutt eight uule. 0.16
y
Xy0
Xs05
025
Y6 O69
0 36
X6 - 0.6
X7-04 0.49
+2(93+Ys+ 7 6 J8 05
-0:9.0.s Jq: 044
Y1o O 36
3(0-25)(+ 0.5)+3 (o4y+0i) Xo=|
d
B Aimpsomd ule:
+2(ov64) Xo+nh
+ 4( i+9+y5+ya+
flu)dxh|o+9n)
d tt2(92+94+
+x

+0«36) +4(0.91+0.91+077to.6
+0.uu)+2(0.96+0:85+0%67+0.5:)
= O. 74.
 0.6
ed 6 Aulr intervalj simpsons
duuule to bind
the fe-d

S, wsing Rual u b intevaly.

Let Sa)=e by k a e i n g 7 o d i n a t e s .
on
[o, o.6 hh O6-o
0.6-0
-eX 6 Let
fa)=e on [o, 0.6)
h- b
O6-0
X-0 6
A0:2

a3-03
S22 e
34 yo
Xo= O
o.99
5 O5 U51-64 0.0
0 0.96
6 O6 8 X2-0:2
A 3 0.09
3-03
thud rule. 0.85-
using Simbdoris one

X 025
o 77-95
Xo+nh
96
(o+)+4l4, +%+ s t - O 67
-

fa)dx 6 O6
1603B6

+22+4*-- rul
by AimpAor rd
0(14182)+4(l-|+1:39
3 +164) +nh
"f)dx 3+n)+y(1 +93+Ys)
+2(122 +/ +2aty
O6
cXd O8) 1 + 0-61) +u(o-19 +0.9/ +0:7)
3
2(0 16+0-85)
0:533
6, Find
apprepiale valut of loq5 by
an
t 5)+4G+
alulating to 4 few locimal ploces 5)+2(4+ itht
Aimphons /Td 9ule. busing
dx
4xi5 =0.39
)o ux+5 divide the tange into to equal park,
Log( u n )0.3u025
-
Sef Let fu)= .X+5
s mlo5
h- b-a Jog(uto)+5)= uxo 4015
Log(us)+5)-
4025
Log 25- Log5 qx0.
=5-O =

Log2 5 = I61
O.5
Jog,5 1.6 l00
y-x)- 4+5
yo Ot55 Eulens Hethoet
the euleris methed
Xo O
df f(y)
Condider the enuations
-

o5)+5
4(0.5)+55 /7 e l u t ion es alrove eapakian
an approximate
92-Va 6 binding
X3 5 n Ynthfan,Jn)
method ko bolue y= 1+y 2iven
Xy- 2
, AP Euleis
X5 2.5 95-/15 thi ste length 0.2 (Car
lo) O, chorsinga
6- 3 6 17 ut 6 AteA)
X7 =3 S Sd" Given that
X8 4.O
d-yx+} -Slx,s)
29 4-5 97 23
3iven Xo= O, Jo-0,h-0.2
4= 5
By Eulers hotmula
o uule
By Aimpsoris 9n+l n th f(xo, Yn)
Xo+n h
fx) d- (9o+Y0)-+ 4(%1+Jsa Sn+I YntO:2 o+Jn]
+9)+2 (2+ 94+96+ Ys) >0
 whene n.0,1,2,3,4,5
ds1:2)0.7851
o + 0.2l0+0] method bolwe at x=o.1fom
Elers
2 DAing
90
given y(o)=| aking step Aize
,(0.2)0 +y+X]
+(0-2) 1q+ hO5
O+0.2[o-2 +0] sd
.YoO I Xot+h
Yoth O .+ O 0 2 5

00+2(0:2) - Yot2h X = O 025

O:4 X2 Xo +2h
2(0-025)
3 9+0. a[a+3%] Xn Xot0h 0.05

=0.04 + 0.20.+ O.04 X3 3(0.05)

S 0:1228 X3-O-65

Xy y lo.05)
3- 0+3(0.2)
Xy- O.
XO.6
deta y x+y+1y f(Xn,9n)
Griven =

94 3+hl*+93] (o)=
,h-0.025
O.128+ O.2[o-6+ o128]
-

Yo- Zo O
Sy O. 2736 By Euleis mula.

Xy ql02) Ynyn+ hi(An, yn)

= O.8
Yn+1 Ynt 0:025 Xn+n +X,sn]
4s Sythly+94]
1 otO.025[X +Jo+3.]
0.2736+ 0 2(0 8 +0:2736)
Js 0 4883 =
I+01025(o I+o) +

I S(o.2) 9 1, o25

I y5+ 0:2(1+ O u 883 S2-+o.025/X +9, +X, 9

o 4883 +0.2(1+0.483) .025+O025/0-025+1. 025+(1025)6
lo5
 0-04/
3 2+ o:025 X+
92+X n-2 >
93 1.o39
D-02037-
9) when 039+004
05)+0.025 o-o5+1.05 + (4.05/)(o-05 s1.057 Xz o +3(h)
0.06
079
when n 3 -o57
-

O.0% 7
94 1o79 +0.025| 0.015+ 1:079 +(o-035xH yy 1.057 +0.02 .057+0-06
Sy 1l01

5 when n- Y
11o9 0
025|0.+|.Io1+ (o-lx|-109)| 2 1 . 0 4 - 0.08

y5- 1.04 too|T.044+0.o8

S5 I.14
--01 s - S(o.02)
Gaien d = l when 3-0.ytet X=0 =O
J+x
(Cavy out _ steps). when n-5
6=
I09+0.02 . 09-0.7
sel: given dy - y-2 ftx,1) 1.o11+0I)
y+X
9iven yo=1, X»= 0, Lath=0:02 h
= O-02 y(ot)=JL.0
ByEuleris termuls, y- I
when x-o kind
Caniven that dy x+y and
Yn+ Yn +hflan,Jn) O.5 by eulers
mthod
brimate o y ter x
Sel Griven dy.1+3-fa)
when n-0,,2,3,4,5 given Jo lYoO h 5
=O1
when n=0 i=Yo+ (002)| Yo+X By Eules Hethod XO+lCh)

= +0:02
Jnet Ynthf(Xn,yn) X 2(hh)
9,= I:02, X =X.+oh -o + I(o-02) n+l yn + O:l f(an, Jo) -O:2
02+o02
whn n 2- 102t 0« 02 02-0.0 when n> 0 3O.33
Xy O. y
S2 1og99 10.(o+1) 5 O.5
2 Xo+2 (o-02) o04
 twhen 0 1
when n= O

- 9+hf(x4+sa) 2 2 +0:1(- o)
X Yo tnh
9 2 O+1(o.1)

11+0.(0.1+(11))
-23 when na 2 + 0 . i - (o-1)(22))
when n-2
16
3- 1.23) +0.1(0.2 +(1231)
93 Iy02
So-2)-L-16
Method):
whin n 3
Runge-kute Metha (R-k ko the
covusponding
k
y .402 +0. I(0.3 + yo2)) For tindiny the
zncvement

by R-k mathod md . flxy)

Sy-1628 inCrement

a fellour.
Calcukk
values yls)= yo
when - 4 with ini tial
95 1.628 +0. 1(0.y +(l.628)) Jucceiy ki= hflte, Y.)
S5 9 33 kahfl +)
y(05)- 1.933 ka h o , +
iven cy -xywith the bounday donditions y-2 ky-hf(Zo th, Yot ks)
d
and out
hind approzimately ylo:2) lar
2k+ku]
Finally termpukt k [ k +2k +
when = 0

2 steps vaw ber yg-Yotk é)

So Griven - xy flz,9) wheth gives appronimate Y(X)>yo+ k
d

h-02 using R-k methcd kempute y (o.2) and ylou)

e
um dyx+y, given ylo) =| taking h-o
given Xo O, yo 22
By Eles mathod Sol Givena-* *y
y(o) whre Yo-, Xo O
Yn+1Ynthf(xn, Yn)
Yol- Yn+ hf(-In3n) h- D.
 By R-k mthor Again tinding
Caluulate Auuctively calulate bultesively

k-h fl1o,Mo) k hfls ) .

k O12
kiO
ka: h f ( x h , 9 , )
ka hf(o + y
[(o.10)+(1.1 +O.1324)
o-1o)(1 k 0 : 131
= O1105
ehf(+ +)
k3 hf (1o
oi(o0!)+(1+ P:05 2
kO:4

ky-hflz+h, Si+ks
k4 hf(Xo +h, yo+ks) o-1+0.1)+(1.11+ O.tulFJ
k40:16
0124 t ku
k t2 ha +2k3
k K+2h +2k3+ku] -lo.12y+2(D-139)-+ 2(0. tu1)+o/s6

T o 1 + 2 (o-1105)+ 2lo.un)-+ o.124 k O.14O

Yo +k y(x1) -J(o.1 21.25

= 1+O:11] X2 Xo+2(h)
9,-1)1, X, =Xo +Ih 2(0-1)
 Again binding
calenlate Auwsively
ky-hf,,) td
o:[(o-2 (.251)]

kahf(32+9a
1(o-2+)
[
) To hf(7o+y+)
bind y when -12 Ateps of o1
-
9iven thal + O2)
dy and yl)-1:5 O-2( (1 Ol64 ) (o
d (1+9-b6)+(o+2)
Gniven Yo-1.5 Xo|
ka O-166
dy.1+y
dx
the euailion ku-hf(o +h, yo +k3)
Aing R-k method ind yo.2) for (ot0:2))
= 0.2 (0+0-69-
(1+0166)+ (0.2+o
taking h-0.2given y(o)=1,
ky D14)
Sol Gien dy
dx 9--fx
y+X y) kt2k2 +2 k+ ku)
k
given yo= I, Xo =D, hab:2 O.2+2(0-166)+2(o. /66)+o.Iu1)

Calculate sutusively
k EB 0.16 7
ky hf (Xo,Y)
2(o-Xo
So+ Xo
1-o X= O.2
O24o
k02 I-116

khf (70t y+)

lo.2) 9ot-(Yo+))

O/2/10-(o+ O.2

(14 2)+ (o+ )

selutin oAplacas equakion ' + 0
a ul1y) which
(onsidet 9twctangu lay eqion p ho
the bounda divide this 9wgion into a
nown at
mesh oh Aide hwe
have
netwek oh Auuan

uj-lui-j + Uij +uj+|* uj-)

uij+l

uij ui+j
ui-
h s bormula ^hord that the
value o u at any
it values at
i n t e i e r mesh point average of elouw
above
to tha lokt, uighd,
numing ^oints felmula
alled Atandand S- points
the
and ea0
which is given
a hotmula eaO
sometimes
Sine
uij= ui-jtl +Ui+1j-+uj-+uiij+

uij+ uitIj+l

uitlj-
ui-j-I the
that ths
valuul uij d
hovmula Ahos
at ths houn naimeuing2
i t valne)
average o alle d hs
ea, ú
diageral mesh pointu of
foymula
diagnal s- Þoints O square
uxx+uyy her the
Selve tha ea
bounday Valuus as shoun belouw
mesh wth
U at
--_ug be the value o
SoLet Letul,
ur, u,.
u, -.
the bounday valus
thein mesh points. inte s
alrout ths line AB, ie U=0
O a u dymmetrial
 (n 03
000
u,'*
1000 Us
alo th values c u
Ubeing 20
200 ao00
mmetrical about ths r000 1031
+1125
+to00 + 1Soo
in cD i.e
OiU3, Uu=U6
Ua=U
So ioa 5co
1164
So it
Juttiuent to tind the vau
2o00+ISoo +1o31+1125
O, 02, Uu, Us
N Lwe
ind their values in th tolouing 8xden a+ = 1414
Since
Uij i-jO+j +Oj++uij- = u 0,*-u+u

Us y+ls4+ I437+1187
2000+ 2000+1o00 +100o
Os ISoo (Atd Us=l300
s- points) e t itesation
we lasy
Lo+lo00 +2000 + 1500 S 1o00Soo+Iuu+164
500
-o19

O= 1125 (Diag 5pointu)

- Uant =[ioco +io1?1019+1300
U2 u25+u25+to00 +1500)
nt2
U2 u87 (std 5 points) U o11o19+ 20oo*
Oy 1125+l125+2000-+500 es
St 2nd
3dLuth sh
Ju37
e
dad out t h iteraliom u125 8 4.5

the bormula
prots by wsing
u = ooo +u2 + Soo+uu
o v o +1IS7+ Soo 1437
2Gaiven values o u() on the beuday d
th evaluat ( Tu 25-+50o+2000+ 375
in the belerw igu
equatin vu-0 pivetal point
000

the lamindi un+- 1000+ 750+0+0J

this tiguwu 4375

fermula
A Lat ui, U, Ua uy are lqno thi interie m W u v u n d i

out
we A a r y
ooo Oco o00 !000+ 750+ lo0o
beints u (D+)
2000+

Let u asum that Uy:0 2000

u500
437
418+5 00
+1o00-+
2000

Soo O
u
U lo00+0 +lo00+20oo
n+2) u8+500 2000+ 437
u
lo00 103

1031+ 781
u2 1000+5 oo + l 000+o u (n+2)4[o+0+
2500 = 453
ut uwvunu
founula.
U 625
w lasvy
uo3 2000+ 1000++81+1031
Us 1000+500+2000 + 0 1203

3500 n 3) [ 1000 +500+ 1203-+ u53

u 8755 789

uy 625+0+ 8 75+0] ut) Lf2000+500+ 1203 + u53

y 35 1037
we ka aut the ucwunA amula
u.0+3) +0 + 1039+ 789]
u
o00+2000 +625+875 5t
out tewente fetmulk
we
las
125
(n1) u 2000 Ho00 + 1031+ 76
u 125 +S00 +1000 +35 207
750
 2o+500+1oo0 * us7]
nt o od
u
(n
u 20 +500+ 2000 + N5]
us
tou
Dd 3d th. th
u o+0 ioul +71J 1208 120g
203 1207
u 58 125 791 9 79
eut tecwvWne keumulo
ay foy
039
5 o 0 0 2000 + ¥+ 1041 103
u1000 4S8 5 s
53
457
u437
I208
u ,+ 5 )
u [208+Boo t1000+uss7 2, -o unde the tonditien ( h=, hs ), u(oy)-
u 49 ul4,=124y, O 92y
u Lo00+ S00+ 12o8 +453 Sol
Sfor os ys y & uloy)= 0 Jand ul)=124J
u (0450y ul0,0)-0 ulu,o)=12
ul)=o | ul4, U=13
u5) Jot0+191 1041 + u(0,3)-ou(4, 2)=/4
458 ul0,3)-0 ul,3)=15
ule)=0 ul4,u) = 16
Cauy eut ucuwvunie Hmulo
bomula

ulx4)= x
u(n+6)
1o00 +2000+ 1o41+79 ulxyo)- 3x
= 1208 ul0,o)- O
u (0, 4)= 0
(n+6) C,o) 3 ulL,4)=
u lo00+So0 +1208-+458
u(2,0)- 6 u(2,4)= 2-y
un 9 ul3,0)-9 ul3,4)9
u(4,0) = 12 u l ) = 16
uoto= 208 + Soo +2000 +
 U8= 6+0+2+8J
u u IS

14
5 1+4+ y+8]
4.25
Us 4
3 mene hemula
Cory
out su
0
Lat us aMume Us

j o+0+0+y) u .5

u I.5 +4+u-+
ug 16+0 +4+IuJ nu.6
un Ju.6+9+ 8 +15J
u 4.15
u2 1+9+ q+0
(n+)[o+y+ 1.5+2J
(n+) 845
o+6+0+] (t [ 875+4,6 +8+ 4
O2 (n+1) = y.6
Us
+ 2 +0+o] u Cnt) u61+1u-+9.15 +8
3
U6
Uy =1
u .s35+or3+uJ
9 o +12 +l4+6]
Ug 8
(ot2.2
UF

U6 8+9+0+1 UUs (n+)

1 S2-21+6+4.6/+8
=52
-8
 93+S2+
3.4 selution poimond equaion

f o +u+I+Uu +Uj+1+Oj-I-4uj -h f(¢hih»

U-Ij +ui+j
+.6+lt 1.875
whenaha)
- -$6

Aquase mesh o the Jiven beb

v u8x*yhorthe thu beundsy
end mash
on
with u ( x ) = 0
tigune
longth ha l
uknowns and h»l and
be the
Ang Lut UI, U, Us
vu 8xy-fl3)1).
Thtandard S-point formula.
"
ui-j +Uij +Ucj+|+0j-I -0
h 4(thjh)
h [8c'Gh)') - s ¢7s
2, Selve the partiak diberantial ea" yu= -

1o(
and X3-Y
oVen the Aquau mesh with dides xO-
and mesh lengt h»
wth u - o om the boundau
So/
sel The given ea s

vu-Io+y+1o)
flx)
The Atandand S- point homula d

uiy O+) +Uij+1 +Uj-1 -uuj -1OCCh) +

-1o(tj+o)
Lt O, U,u, uy he Inteuer mesh
be foinls
for U, (-,j-2) tuam
O+U2 +0 +U3 - 4 = - 1o(+2+1o)
U2+u-4=150

4 U+o3 t|50
foY U2 ((-2,j-2) fom
u+0+0+y-4U = -1o(2+2+10)
U+Uy-4 -180

for usC-j-) tm
o+Uy +0+-42 - 1o(11+1o
Oq+0-4U2 = -120

foY Uu:2, j= 1) tem.

U +0+0+ -4uy=-1o(2 10)
3 +0240y - 150
 ial equakiorn vu: -8IXy
3, Solve pootial dibterent
the

U+U3-4u-150 0 X , O < y < | , 9iven that u(O,

y)=O; J,0)= O
50 u,)
+O4Oy loo, u(x, 1) = [o0, h-3
-4U+4Uy O
Sol
Th Stonchond S-poink hormulo d o
UUPy
From ev U+Oy-4ua*- 180 U-jt Oi+ +
Uij+1+Oj -1y h S(ih, ih)
UtU 4U 1 8 0 h(-)
(ch)U6)
-20 =- 90 - h(-31)( j)6)
h ( - )CU)
Fom eq +U- 4U3--120 -1)j)
O-203- 60
-
Fromea U
[u +U3+150) LtU, 0>, U, Uy asne thu i n t e i o mah poins

emea Ua
=[o+90 Sor&U (i=1,j-2) tom
1x2
Frome [u +60] O+02 +03 +1o0- 4U, =-

O2+O3 +102 = 40

U +0 t150Ju -
w6g.ba.26g74
37.5

for uCt- 2, jaa) um

63.75 a7481-32582.2
8.75 629 66-35|672) U+1o0 +100 + Uy-4 O2=-(2)(2)
+6oJ UtOy+16 = 402
4.85|4.96 4.91 74.99
for u(-,j=)bum
82.49
82-42 82.48 82.49 7S
52S U+0+0+Uq-yUz = - 1(1)
672 67.48 6.44 67.41 6 5
O+Uy+|= 4U3
0 = 4.99 U2 -82.49 U67.
 for uu( t-2,j-1) om 4.68 49.48 SO68
O
La+U +102)/u-25.5

+0+ 100+ O -y Uy= -(2)0) U +l02] 63.75 73-34 5.14 76.34

22.51 9491 25.S4
+ 102= yUy Us 2u,+ 3
U3 +0

SO18 S1.05 SOT SI.0T

From e a «
76.49 6:52 76.53 46-53
Ug+U, +l02 = 4uy
25.74 25.77 25 78 25.78
U3tU2 +l02 =L0
the 9iven boundary tend.tions
O Hd
H) Selve Ux1+0y1
=
o 0 0 000
000

Ahown as
below bigwr
2000
Ugod
rom Sol
ea Subs eaa9
2000

( 0 o o

SoO
Let ws as ume that uy=0
201+20 =40P
U+102 -9U2 o00 +1000 +2 000 +0 yO (Diag m )=

U1000

U2 +10 000+ 000 +So0+ 0 e 4Ug

Fson ea Aubs ea U9- 625

2 +1 qO3 O3 2 000+ 1000+50o +o

20+J- u3 8T5

From e uy o+ 0+8 75 +625]

U + + 102 Uy 3 7 5

Lt ws asumu that the initial we

a y out tha reeuvunte rsrmulaj
approimation
UU=O-0 u [1o00 + 20o0+ 8 75+
625
- l|25

U 25+500t 1000
+375 =
750
 85h E8GhTEs h

991hol 99thol S9lho

99'1bE 991Lt G9lbt

TE 3 0 T E90TI
SE80T

TELH S + E h L a * 0 n uhn
iE sSh Sr3Ghoo gsh tosh
lo'hol90"LEOIst1Eo1 Loosu n+ooot) u
T9hol S Ihou
OG ho+0001+o0g o
T91bL S1b olbA90 b 8AST1St / () (1+0)

0 + o00l o+0007 .n
STI (u) (1+0

co

- -