Q1) What is the main purpose of junctions?

The purpose of a junction is to safely control traffic, with the aim of minimizing the overall delay.

Q2) What are the advantages and disadvantages of Left In Left Out (LILO) Interchange?

Advantages

•Preserves some access to a major road where the alternative may be no access at all.
•Extremely low cost.
•Reasonably safe, as there are no conflicts or cross-traffic.
Disadvantages

•Provides turns in one direction without corresponding turns in the opposite direction.
•Can be disorientating or lead traffic away from its intended route.
•Can result in a former through route being severed and traffic on the minor road being forced to
make lengthy detours.
Q3) define:

1- Lane Gain

A layout where a merging connector road becomes a lane or lanes of the downstream main
carriageway.

2- Lane Drop

A layout where a lane or lanes of the upstream carriageway becomes the diverging connector road.

Q4) what are the main advantages and disadvantages of the diamond junction?

Advantages

•Low construction costs, with just one bridge and very little land-take.
•Easy to upgrade later by adding traffic lights at the top of the sliproads, for example.
•Intuitive to understand and navigate.
•Simple to modify the design to fit into difficult locations.
Disadvantages

•Low capacity because of the junctions between the sliproads and the minor road.

•Difficult to provide connections for more than one surface road.

•Difficult to substantially upgrade to, for example, around about interchange.