STATICS

A branch of mechanics which studies the effects and distribution of forces of rigid bodies which
are and remain at rest. In this area of mechanics, the body in which forces are acting is assumed
to be rigid.

Forces acting at some angle from the coordinate axes can be resolved into mutually
perpendicular forces called components. The component of a force parallel to the x-axis is
called the x-component, parallel to y-axis the y-component, and so on.

Components of a Force in XY Plane

Force is simply an action tthat causes a bdy to accelerate. Unit (N)

in statics, we del mainly with things that are stationary (being static). How does an object remain
stationary when there are forces acting on it. In reality we have a Reacton force called friction. Such that
if the object does not move the net force is zero.

Active forces – tend to set the particle in motion

Reactive forcees – result from constraints or supports and tend to prevent motion.
 The body is said to be in equilibrium if the resultant of all forces acting on it is zero. There are
two major types of static equilibrium, namely, translational equilibrium and rotational
equilibrium. Static equilibrium in which the net external force and torque acting on a system is
zero. Dynamic Equilibrium in which the net external force and torque on a system moving with
constant velocity are zero

Resultant force is the sqrt of the sum of all the components squared. Given by the diagram

Lesson Example

1. From Fig. P-014, P is directed at an angle α from x-axis and the 200 N force is acting at
a slope of 5 vertical to 12 horizontal.

a. Find P and α if the resultant is 500 N to the right along the x-axis.
b. Find P and α if the resultant is 500 N upward to the right with a slope of 3 horizontal to 4
vertical.
c. Find P and α if the resultant is zero.
2. Three ropes are tied to a small metal ring. At the end of each rope three students are
pulling, each trying to move the ring in their direction. If we look down from above, the
forces and directions they are applying are shown in Fig. P-011. Find the net force on the
ring due to the three applied forces.

3. Three vectors A, B, and C are shown in the figure below. Find one vector (magnitude and
direction) that will have the same effect as the three vectors shown in Fig. P-013 below
FREE BODY DIAGRAM

- Is a representation of an object with all forces that act on it. The external environment
(other objects, the floor on which the object sits, etc.)

Other types of forces

Coplanar Forces – forces that acts on the same plane
Non Coplanar forces – forces that are not acting on the same plane
Applied Force – usually pertains to a force applied or exerteed by an object normally a
person on another object
Gravitational Force – the force of attraction of an object towards the earth center.
Normal Force - is the contact force that is always perpendicular to the surfacee that
the object have contact with.
Frictional Force force generated by two surfaces that contacts and slide against each
other. Always opposing motion
Tension Force – is defined as the forceee that is transmitted through a rope string or
wire when pulled by forces acting from opposite sides. The tension force is directed over
the length
https://www.slideshare.net/all_engineering/unit-2-mm9400-ver-112014

Lesson Example
1. You are pushing your baby sister up a certain slope. Calculate the components of F that are :
2. In a supermarket, a boy suddenly knocks into your trolley. Calculatte the force you need to.

a. Prevent the trolley from moving right and knocking into the shelf.

b. The resultant vertical force parallel to the shelf

3. For the situation shown in Fig. 4-7 Find the value of Ft1 and Ft2 if the objects weight
is 600 N. Answer = 503 and 783 N

TORQUE OR MOMENT
about an axis due to a force, is a measure of the effectives s of the force in producing a
rotation about that axis. It is defined in the following way:
Measurement of Torque
The unit of torque is Newton–meter (N-m). The above equation can be represented as the vector
product of force and position vector.
τ=rxF
So, as it is a vector product hence torque also must be a vector. Using vector product notations we
can find the direction of torque. We will consider an example to see how to calculate torque.

Exercise

1. The cable and boom shown in Fig. P-308 support a load of 600 lb. Determine the tensile
force T in the cable and the compressive for C in the boom.
2. A cylinder weighing 400 lb is held against a smooth incline by means of the weightless
rod AB in Fig. P-309. Determine the forces P and N exerted on the cylinder by the rod
and the incline.

3. A 300-lb box is held at rest on a smooth plane by a force P inclined at an angle θ with the
plane as shown in Fig. P-310. If θ = 45°, determine the value of P and the normal
pressure N exerted by the plane.
 4. The five forces shown in Fig. P-314 are in equilibrium. Compute the values of P and F.

5. The system of knotted cords shown in Fig. P-317 support the indicated weights. Compute the
tensile force in each cord.
6. The truss shown in Fig. P-323 is supported by a hinge at A and a roller at B. A load of 20 kN
is applied at C. Determine the reactions at A and B.

7. Determine the amount and direction of the smallest force P required to start the wheel in Fig.
P-325 over the block. What is the reaction at the block?
8. Repeat Problem 346 if the cable pulls the boom AB into a position at which it is inclined at
30° above the horizontal. The loads remain vertical.

9. A pulley 4 ft in diameter and supporting a load 200 lb is mounted at B on a horizontal beam

as shown in Fig. P-352. The beam is supported by a hinge at A and rollers at C. Neglecting the
weight of the beam, determine the reactions at A and C.
10. The uniform rod in Fig. P-357 weighs 420 lb and has its center of gravity at G. Determine the
tension in the cable and the reactions at the smooth surfaces at A and B.
11. A 4-m bar of negligible weight rests in a horizontal position on the smooth planes shown in
Fig. P-359. Compute the distance x at which load T = 10 kN should be placed from point B to
keep the bar horizontal.

12. The truss shown in Fig. P-349 is supported on roller at A and hinge at B. Solve for the
components of the reactions.