Francis Bacon was an English Renaissance statesman and

philosopher, best known for his promotion of the scientific method.

Bacon was an English philosopher and statesman, and a pioneer of modern scientific
thought.

Francis Bacon was born on 22 January 1561 in London. He was the son of Sir Nicholas
Bacon, keeper of the great seal for Elizabeth I. Bacon studied at Cambridge University
and at Gray's Inn and became a member of parliament in 1584. However, he was
unpopular with Elizabeth, and it was only on the accession of James I in 1603 that
Bacon's career began to prosper. Knighted that year, he was appointed to a succession
of posts culminating, like his father, with keeper of the great seal.

However, Bacon's real interests lay in science. Much of the science of the period was
based on the work of the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. While many Aristotelian
ideas, such as the position of the earth at the centre of the universe, had been
overturned, his methodology was still being used. This held that scientific truth could be
reached by way of authoritative argument: if sufficiently clever men discussed a subject
long enough, the truth would eventually be discovered. Bacon challenged this, arguing
that truth required evidence from the real world. He published his ideas, initially in
'Novum Organum' (1620), an account of the correct method of acquiring natural
knowledge.

Bacon's political ascent also continued. In 1618 he was appointed lord chancellor, the
most powerful position in England, and in 1621 he was created viscount St Albans.
Shortly afterwards, he was charged by parliament with accepting bribes, which he
admitted. He was fined and imprisoned and then banished from court. Although the king
later pardoned him, this was the end of Bacon's public life. He retired to his home at
Gorhambury in Hertfordshire, where he continued to write. He died in London on 9 April
1626.
RENE DESCARTES
 René Descartes was a French mathematician and philosopher during
the 17th century. He is often considered a precursor to the rationalist
school of thought, and his vast contributions to the fields
of mathematics and philosophy, individually as well as holistically,
helped pushed Western knowledge forward during the scientific
revolution.
 René Descartes is most commonly known for his philosophical
statement, “I think, therefore I am” (originally in French, but best
known by its Latin translation: "Cogito, ergo sum”). He is also
attributed with developing Cartesian dualism (also referred to
as mind-body dualism), the metaphysical argument that the mind
and body are two different substances which interact with one
another. In the mathematics sphere, his primary contribution came
from bridging the gap between algebra and geometry, which resulted
in the Cartesian coordinate system still widely used today.

FRIEDRICH NIETZSHCE
FRIEDRICH NIETZSHCE is a mathematician
THOMAS HOBBES
Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher, scientist, and historian best
known for his political philosophy, especially as articulated in his
masterpiece Leviathan (1651). His enduring contribution was as a political
philosopher who justified wide-ranging government powers on the basis of
the self-interested consent of citizens. In Hobbes’s social contract, the many
trade liberty for safety.
Hobbes’s father was a quick-tempered vicar who, disgraced after engaging
in a brawl at his own church door, disappeared, abandoning his three
children to the care of his brother, a glover. When Hobbes was 4, he was
sent to school at Westport, Wiltshire, then to a private school, and, at 15, to
Magdalen Hall, Oxford.
For nearly the whole of his adult life, Thomas Hobbes was employed by
members of the wealthy and aristocratic Cavendish family and their
associates as tutor, translator, traveling companion, keeper of accounts,
business representative, political adviser, and scientific collaborator.
Thomas Hobbes’s political philosophy influenced not only successors who
adopted the social-contract framework—John Locke, Jean-Jacques
Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant, for example—but also less directly those
theorists who connected moral and political decision making in rational
human beings to considerations of self-interest broadly understood.