Shock & Vibration Training For Clients

Theory

Optimizing Drilling Process

by increasing efficiency, reducing
damage
And saving cost
Shock & Vibration Training For Clients

Agenda

Shock and Vibration Definition

Monitoring Tools and Detection

Shock and Vibration Classification

Drillstring Stability Summary

Conclusion
 Shock and Vibration Definition

Shock in a drilling environment is

the sudden input of energy, when
the BHA, bit or drillstring impacts
with the borehole.

Vibrations are the response of

the bit/BHA/drillstring to the
shock.
Shock and Vibration Monitoring Tools
 Shock Detection - Downhole

Shock is characterized by:

Magnitude (deceleration which the tool undergoes as it impacts the
Borehole measured in G’s)

Duration ( shock event interval, measured in seconds)

Frequency (number of times when a Shock greater than its Threshold.

Known as CPS (Counts Per Second))
Comparison of the G-force

The vehicle coming to a stop in 4 feet from

60 MPH speed would generate
approximately a 30 G deceleration

Fighter pilots in combat maneuvers can

undergo 8 G’s. At this level of acceleration,
the pilot’s body is pushed against the seat.

The shock magnitude registered via

MWD/LWD tools sometimes exceeds 200 G.
 Schlumberger Shock Risk Level Standards

All Commercial tools have

threshold of 50 G

Standard frequency of
shock counts except
SlimPulse tool

Comprehensive software
to flag potential problem
Schlumberger Shock Risk Level Standards
Shock and Vibration Classification

Torsional
Bit Whirl
Shocks
Axial Shocks

Diagnostics
Top Drive Shaking
Kelly Bouncing
Downhole shocks registered via M/LWD Tools

Results
Broken Bit Cutters, Slow ROP, Damaged Equipment

Cure
Stop. Pull of bottom. Reduce RPM. Back on bottom.
Increase WOB
Run Shock Sub to absorb axial movement
Change the bit type
Lateral Shocks

Diagnostics
Downhole shocks registered via M/LWD Tools

Results
Broken BHA Components
Damaged Bit

Cure
Stop. Pull of bottom. Let the drillstring stabilize
Including Stabilizers in the BHA
Vary Drilling Parameters
Shocks Diagnostics and Cure

Increase in WOB reduces Lateral

Shocks High Lateral
Shocks

Reduced Lateral
Shocks
Torsional Shock and Mode Coupling

Diagnostics
Downhole shocks registered via
M/LWD Tools

Results
Overtorque of tool joints
Damaged connections
Broken BHA Components

Cure
Stop drilling. Stabilize Drillstring
Vary Drilling Parameters
Torsional Shocks Diagnostics and Cure

Lateral Shocks induce

Torsional Vibration

Increased Torque and WOB drop

directly responded on reduced
ROP and increased Lateral and
Torsional Shocks
Increase WOB and
stabilize the drillstring
resulted in shock
reduction
BHA Whirl
BHA Whirl - Eccentric rotation about a point other than its
geometric center caused by bit / BHA and wellbore
“gearing”.

Type of BHA Whirl

Forward, Backward, Chaotic

Diagnostics:
Lateral Shocks detection via downhole tools
Increased surface torque
Results:
Damaged downhole equipment
Overgauge hole
BHA Twist-off
Cure:
Stop drilling. Vary drilling parameters
Use stiffer BHA
BHA Whirl Diagnostics

Surface Torque correlating with Shocks

indicating BHA Whirl

Continues High Shocks and Surface Torque

resulted in BHA Twist Off
 Bit Whirl

Diagnostics
Downhole shocks registered via M/LWD Tools
High torsional vibration
Low ROP

Results
Damaged bit
Overgauged hole
Spiral wellbore

Cure
Stop drilling. Restart with slower RPM
Change the bit type (less aggressive, high stability
anti-whirl)
Near bit stabilization
StickSlip

Stick Slip is ultimately the rotational slowing down and

acceleration of BHA components

In extreme cases, the BHA can stop or even

instantaneously reverse its direction
 StickSlip Detection and Severity

Cutting forces impart reactive

torque in opposition to bit
rotation

Reactive torque “winds-up” the

drill string forcing it to vibrate

Stickslip is estimated when

compared with surface RPM
Stickslip Diagnostics and Results

Diagnostics
Stickslip indication via downhole tool
measurements
Surface torque and RPM fluctuations
Overgauge hole via LWD tool caliper
measurements
Results
Drillstring fatigue and premature failure
Bit damage
Overgauge hole
Stabilizer damage
Cure
Reduce WOB and Increase RPM
Use of less aggressive bit
Roller reamer in BHA
Add mud lubricant
Effect of Lubricity on StickSlip

High StickSlip,
Fluctuation Added Mud
RPM, Lubricant
Inconstant ROP

Constant RPM,
Low StickSlip
High ROP
 Drill String Stability Summary

Good Shock and Vibration do not

exist

Different vibrational mechanisms

could be induced due to varying
drilling parameters such as WOB
and RPM

Thorough analysis of downhole

shock measurements, diagnostic of
drilling environment and BHA
factors are vital for to overall
drilling success
Diagnosis and Potential Cures for Downhole Vibration
Conclusion

Good Shock and Vibrations do not exists

Shock and Vibration means higher drilling cost

Downhole measurements are more reliable since surface

parameters are not always affected by Shock and Vibration

Controlled situation with Shock and Vibration will always

help to improve drilling efficiency

Good understanding of Surface and Downhole

measurements are necessary to identify Shock and Vibration
mechanisms