Part 4 - Key Word Transformation

• Part 4 tests your ability to be flexible in your use of English by expressing a message in a different
way. At the same time, it tests your ability to use grammatical structures and vocabulary
accurately.
• There are six questions + one example.
• Each question has an initial stimulus sentence, a key word and a second sentence with a gap in it.
• Your task is to complete the gap, using the key word given, so that the second sentence has the
same meaning as the stimulus sentence.
• You must not change the key word at all.
• You will need to write between three and six words, including the key word, to complete the gap.
Contractions cound as two words (don't)
• The mark scheme divides your answer into two parts and one mark is given for each part that is
answered correctly.
• The spelling must be correct, but both UK and US spellings are allowed.

ADVICE
• For each question, read both sentences carefully.
• Look carefully at the words before and after the gap.
• You will need to make various changes (e.g. from negative to positive, active to passive, verb
to noun etc.)
• Include the given word completely unchanged.
• Make sure you write three to six words.
• You can use contractions but remember that these count as two words.
• Check your spelling carefully.
• Check that you haven't missed out any ideas from the first sentence or added any new ones.

TIPS
• After you have written your answer, read it again to check that it has the same meaning as
the stimulus sentence. Does it have all the same ideas?
• After you have written your answer, check that it is at least three words and no more than
six words long.
• For part of the answer, you often need to replace a normal verb with a phrasal verbs.
• You will lose marks if you make mistakes with grammar, vocabulary and spelling. So check
your answers carefully.

EXERCISE
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.
Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given.
Here's an example (0).

0 "I'm sorry I got to the party so late," Johanna said to her friend.
HAVING Johanna apologised to her friend ______for having turned____ up so late at the
party.
1. None of the phones were left when we got to the shop.
TIME _______________________________ the shop, all the phones had been sold.

2. I didn't know it was Carl until he took off his hat.

WHEN Only _______________________________ his hat did I recognise Carl.

3. Don't waste your time asking Bryan to come with us.

WORTH It's _______________________________ to come with us.

4. Perhaps John heard the story from Pippa.

HAVE Pippa might _______________________________ story.

5. Until they fire me as manager here, I'll run the company my way.
LONG _______________________________ the boss, I'll run the company my way.

6. The school's management are investigating allegations of teacher brutality.

INTO Allegations of teacher brutality _______________________________ the school's
management.

7. It's not possible that you saw Mary last night, she was with us!
HAVE You _______________________________ last night, she was with us!

8. The beach was fun even though it was too cold.

FACT _______________________________ too cold, the beach was fun.

9. Many delegates stole pens from the conference room.

WERE A lot of _______________________________ the conference room by delegates.

10. Immediately after Bess arrived home, the phone rang.

SOONER No _______________________________ home than the phone rang.

11. If his expensive divorce hadn't happened, Bill would still be a rich man.
FOR If it _______________________________ divorce, Bill would still be a rich man.

12. "You won't get lost along the country lanes if you always have the map open."
LONG He told them they wouldn't get lost _______________________________ had the
map open.

13. My brother has great ideas all the time.

COMES My brother always _______________________________ ideas.

14. If that passing woman hadn't arrived, we would have been completely lost.
FOR Had it _______________________________, we would have got completely lost.

15. If I lose this job, nobody will let me forget it.

LIVE I'll _______________________________ if I lose this job.

16. They'll have to cancel the show if the audience doesn't increase.
MEAN A continued low audience for the show _______________________________
cancellation.

17. A phone call was the first we heard about them withdrawing from the concert.
PULLING The first we heard about _______________________________ of the concert was a
phone call.

18. We need to run or the train will leave before we get there.
TIME Unless we run, the train _______________________________ we get there.

19. "You really must stay for dessert," Kate's brother said to him.
STAYING Kate's brother _______________________________ for dessert.

20. "A massage would do you a lot of good," Jake told Amy.
FROM "You _______________________________ a massage," Jake told Amy.

21. Even if it's very far, they want to go to Paris for a weekend break.
MAY Far _______________________________, they want to go to Paris for a weekend
break.

22. The town's population surrendered as soon as the enemy arrived.

THAN No sooner had the enemy arrived _______________________________
surrendered.

23. This building stands a very good chance of being closed as unsafe by the council.
HIGHLY It's _______________________________ will be closed by council due to being
unsafe.

24. Another student stole Carol's watch from the classroom.

HAD Carol _______________________________ by another student from the classroom.
ANSWER KEY
1. by the time we got to.
2. when he took off.
3. not worth asking Bryan.
4. have told John the.
5. as long as I'm.
6. are being looked into by.
7. can't have seen Mary.
8. despite the fact that it was.
9. pens were stolen from.
10. sooner had Bess arrived.
11. hadn't been for his expensive.
12. as long as they.
13. comes up with great.
14. not been for that passing woman.
15. never live it down.
16. will mean its
17. them pulling out.
18. will have left by the time.
19. insisted on him staying.
20. would really benefit from.
21. though it may be.
22. than the town's population.
23. highly likely that this building.
24. had her watch stolen.