You are on page 1of 35

1

Six Sigma





/
/

1 / ) 2005 / (37 .161-128 :

-1
.

.
) (6

.
.

) (6
-:
) (6

) .(6

) (6
.
.


) (6
-:

) .(6

) .(6
.


.
) (6
.
.
.


.
) ( 1973/1972
.1974/1973
1991



.
.

:
) (
.
) (


.
) (18"
.
" :




.

.





.
" :

) (1 .



) (%14
) (.
.



.


)(
)( .

.

50 .
. 2 Six Sigma
Total Quality Management

.(Harry,2000:33) .
) (Six Sigma
Motorola
. ) (6
Motorola
) (
) (- SO GOOD-
(WWW. Westgard. Com) .
) (6

Controlling
Measuring Improving )
( ).(Maguire,1999:32
) (6
) (6
) .
(Breyfogle,1999:1


).(Maguire,1999:32

) (2
:

Error: Reference source not found - (SIGMA CONCEPT (6


SIGMA
.(Six Sigma-Making Customer fell quality.htm).

)
.(www.aluenet.com
Six Sigma ) (3.4
) .(Maguire, 1999: 32 Six Sigma


).(Stinikov, 2002: 3
(Wary & Hogan, 2002: 3)-:
.
-:
) (Re-engineering
.
-Preventing Problems- .
-Delighting-
.

.
)) (Black Belts ( ))
Change experts )) (Greer Belts ( )Change
.(Supporters




(www.aluenet.com).
(www.Pivotalresources.com) -:
.

) (

) (6
(www.juran.com(.
) (6
) (6
) (Management by Facts



)www.aluenet.com ( .

) (6

) (6

(Google: six sigma glosary) -:


) (3.4 Opportunity
.





)
.(Hahn et al., 2001:6



Incarnation



)
.(www.aluenet.com
) (6(www.pivotalresources.com) -:
.

) (2
) (X ) (Y
] .[(f(x
Six SigmaGoogle:Quality System & Tools-Six)-:

(Sigma

.
.
.

Six Sigma

(Westgard, 2002:1) .

CL

$
LCL

Y = f (X1 , X2 , X3 ......) $

) (2 ) (6 .
Source:- (www.Pivotalresources.com).


.

) . (3
) .(6

6
(
) ( 3 )
latoviP ,

hC ylppuS
,.eteP ,ednaP
eht tnemevorpmI
:ecruoS ot amgiS xiS gnisU
.4:2002,ASU ,secruoseR

- )6 ) Six Sigma Philosophy


Six Sigma

- -
-Zero Defect- Google: Sixsigma-Making
(Customer Feel Quality

) (6
) (www.aluenet.com Six Sigma
(Wary & Hogan, 2002:4) .
.
.
.
) (6
) (6
) (4 ) :(6
)(4 ) (6


) (

Source: Wary, Bruce & Hogan, Bob Why Securities Operation Bank of America, USA,
2002:20.

) (6 (www.aluenet.com)-:
.

.
.

.
- Application Scope
) (6

.
(www.aluenet.com)-:

10

-:
Design for Productability-
) (
-:
-:
-: .Simulation
-: .Short Cycle Manufacturing
-: Standardization .
-: Statistical Process Control
.((SPC
-: .Paricipative Management Practices
-: .(Design of Experiment (DOE
-: Failure Mode and Effect Analysis
.((FMEA

) ( .
- )6 ) Six Sigma Importanat
) (6(www.aluenet.com) -:
.

) (5 ) (6 )
(Traditional )
(
) (Less Obvious-:
.
.
-Installation.
.
.
.
.

11

.
) (5 ) (6



) (

*%8-5

02
-

suoivbo




( )



52%

suoivbO ssoL

Source: Wary, Bruce & Hogan, Bob. Why six sigma in a securities operation Bank of
America, USA, 2002:17.

.
)(.
.
.

) (1
) ( ) (

-:
) -: (
:

(Defect Per Million (DPM .


YIELD .
) (1 ) (6
Sigma Level
DPM
Yield

* .

12

69%
93%
6
99.4%

99.97%
ssecorP amgiS99.9996549%
6

308.538
66.807
6.210
233
3.4

2
3
4

5

6

Source: Wary, Bruce & Hogan, Bob. Why Six Sigma in A Securities Operation. Bank of
America, USA, 2002: 9. ssecorP amgiS 3

) (2 ) (6) .(3
)3(3
(6
) (2 )
tcefeD

) (6
tcefeD ) (3

54000
25.
.
LCL
LCU
40500
LCL
3 LCU



100.
.

egarevA
egarevA

) (16.
.
35 .
54000
.
Source: Wary, Bruce & Hogan, Bob. Why Six Sigma in A Securities Operation Bank of
America, USA, 2002: 22.

) (6 ) (6

- )6 ) Six Sigma Stages
) (6 (www.uist.gov: 43) -:
.
o
.
o
.
o
.
o
.
o

o

13

) (6 ) (3 , 6 ) (6
.
Source: Wary, Bruce & Hogan, Bob. Why Six Sigma in A securities Operation. Bank of
America, USA, 2002: 8.

) (6







) (6 )(7

-:

: Define Phase
(Wary & Hogan, 2002:22) :
) (6 .

) (Pain .

) (4-3.
.

: Measure Phase


) .(144:2002
(www.aluenet.com) :

-: Characteristic Critical to
(Quality(CTQ
-: .
-: Validate .
Wary)-:
(& Hogan, 2002: 23
.

.
.

.
: Analyze Phase

14


)
.(2002 :146
(www.aluenet.com)-:
- .
- .
-

.
)(Wary & Hogan, 2002:23

: Improve Phase
(www.aluenet.com)-:

-
- .
- .
)
(2002: 146

-5

3-

1-

2-

) (7 ) (6
)Source:- (www.Pivotalresources.com
S

15


.
.

.
) ( .
) (Wary & Hogan, 2002:24
-:

.
.
.
: Control Phase




) . (2002: 147
(www.aluenet.com)-:
.
.
.

.
- Implementation Strategy
) (6 ) (3
(www.aluenet.com)-:
" - )6 ) Six Sigma Organization
) (6

) (6


.
" - )6 ) Six Sigma Engineering Organization
) (6

.
" - The Strategic Field Choice
) (6


16



.
) (3



) .(6

.3




) (:
: )
(%6 ).(%12
:
) (%0.1
).(%0

) :(Burr,1996:51-57
.

.
.

) (6.

) (10 )(5

) (4
-:
.
R = 20 = 2
=R
).(8
n
10
98.4
= 9.84
10

X
n

= X

UCL = X + A2 R = 9.84 + 0.577 2 = 10.99


CL = X = 9.84
LCL = X A2 R = 9.84 0.577 2 = 8.69

17

) (3 ) (6

)6

) (6

(

-:



// .
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.

. .


.

.
.
.
.
- .

.

. ..

- .

. . .
. .
.

.
.
.

.

.

.

) .(6

- .




.
.
.Source:- www.aluenet.com -:

1
2
3
4
5

X1
11
9
8
8
10

) (4

R
X
X5
X4
X3
X2
1
11.4
12
11
11
12
3
10.2
9
10
12
11
1
8.6
8
9
9
9
2
9
9
9
10
9
2
9.6
9
9
9
11

S
0.548
1.304
0.548
0.707
0.894

18

10
6
12
7
11
8
8
9
7
10

12
11
12
7
8

12
11
10
9
9

11
12
9
9
9

10
11
9
9
10

11
11.4
10.2
8.4
8.6
98.4

1
0.548
1.304
0.894
1.140
8.887

2
1
3
2
3
20

) 2.3 = (10.99-8.69
).*(%38
. ).(8
UCL = R D4 = 2 2.115 = 4.23
CL = R = 2
LCL = R D3 = 2 0 = 0

) (8
.
.
)(9

UCL = X + A3 S = 9.84 + 1.427(0.89) = 11.11


CL = X = 9.84
LCL = X A3 S = 9.84 1.427(0.89) = 8.57


) 2.54 = (11.11-8.57 ).(%42

* .

19

12
11

LCU

10

LC

LCL

8
7
10

LCU

6
5

4
3

LC

1
0

LCL

10

) ( 8
. ).(9
UCL = X + A3 S = 9.84 + 1.427(0.89) = 11.11
CL = X = 9.84
LCL = X A3 S = 9.84 1.427(0.89) = 8.57

20

20
15

10

UCL
CL
LCL

UCL

10

0
2

1.5

CL

0.5
LCL

0
10

) (9

) (5

2
7.5
-7
5
8.5
-8
18
9.5
-9
7
10.5
-10
10
11.5
-11
8
12.5
12-13
50

.
) (5
.

)
(P ).(6

21

LTL

LTU

20

15
10
5
0


9.5 10.5 11.5 12.5 13.5 14.5

9 10 11 12

8.5

7.5

6.5

5.5

) ( 9

7.5
8.5
9.5
10.5
11.5
12.5

) (6

P
j
J

1.5
1-2
2
100/50 (1.5-0.5) = 2
5
3-7
5
100/50 (5-0.5) = 9
16.5
8-25
18
100/50 (16.5-0.5) = 32
29
26-32
7
100/50 (29-0.5) = 57
37.5 33-42
10
100/50 (37.5-0.5) = 74
46.5 43-50
8
100/50 (46.5-0.5) = 92

.
) .(6

6
S = 9.84 + 2.68(0.89) = 12.23
5

UCL = X +

CL = X = 9.84
6
S = 9.84 2.68(0.89) = 7.46
5

LCL = X

22%
T = 12 6

+3S

99.9

0.1

99.8

0.2

99.5

0.5
5.2

+2S

99

98

95

61

+1S

90

10

80

20

70

30

60

40
X

50

50

40

60

30

70
-1S

20

80

10

90

95

98
-2S

99

0.5

99.5

0.2

99.8

0.1

99.9
-3S

5.51

5.41

5.31

5.21

5.11

5.01

5.9

5.8
9

5.7

5.6

5.5

5.4


(01

) 4.77 = (12.23-7.46
).(%80
) (Process Sigma
" " :
S
0.89
=
= 0.95
C4
0.94

12 6
= 1.05
6 0.95

= Cp

23
:


:
PS = 3 CP
PS = 3 1.05 = 3.15
) (Cpk :
:
R
2
=
= 0.86
1 4d 2 2.326

UCL
CL
LCL

10

12
UCL X 10.99 9.84
Z UCL 1= 0
=
= 1.34

0.86
8
X LCL 9.84 8.69
Z LCL =6
=
= 1.34

0.86
4
2 Z (min) = 1.34 = 0.45
= C PK
3
0 3
1
2
3
4
5


) (11
6
) (


-:



.
.
) (2.3

) (2.54

) (
.

24


) (10.5 ) (1.5
).(9

(%(15

.


) (4.77
.%80
) (10

) (%1.5
) (%2.5 ) (%2
.
) (Cp ) .(1.05

) (PS ) (3.15 ) (0.15


) (PS = 3 )= Cp
.(1
) (Cp )(1.05

) (1

) (CPK
) (0.15

) .(12 ) (


.

25

:
51.3LTL
= 50.1 3 = SP

LTU

51.0
(
)+

+3

-3

) (21
) (10 )(5
) (7 .

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

X1
0.0
5
0.0
1
0.0
5
0.0
7
0.0
5
0.0
1
0.1

) (7

R
X
X5
X4
X3
X2
0.01 0.04
0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04
8
0.02
0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02
0.05
0.06 0.05 0.06 0.06
6
0.06
0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07
6
0.06 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.05
0.02
0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02
2
0.09 0.1 0.1 0.09 0.09

S
0.005
0.007

0.01

0.005

0.01

0.005

0.03

0.012

0.02

0.008

0.01

0.005

26

6
CL = R = 0.017

8
9

0.0
5

0.06
0.07 0.06 0.07 0.07
4

0.0
5
0.03
0.0 10
0.03 0.05 0.03 0.04
6
3
0.52

3
0.06 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.06

0.02

0.009

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.009

0.17

0.075

:
. "
). (13

R = 0.17 = 0.017
10

0.528
= 0.053
10

=R

X
n

= X

UCL = X + A2 R = 0.053 + 0.577 0.017 = 0.063


CL = X = 0.053
LCL = X A2 R = 0.053 0.577 0.017 = 0.043

. ).(13
UCL = R D4 = 0.017 2.115 = 0.036
CL = R = 0.017

LCL = R D3 = 0.017 0 = 0

27

) (13
.
0.12
0.1

0.08

0.06

UCL
CL
LCL

0.04
0.02
10

0
0.04
0.03

0.02

0.01

10

0
UCL = X + A3 S = 0.053 + 1.4271
(0.0075
2 ) = 03.064 4
CL = X = 0.053

) (13

LCL = X A3 S = 0.053 1.427(0.0075) = 0.042


).(13
)0.022 = (0.064-0.042
).(%22
. ).(14
UCL = S B4 = 0.0075 2.089 = 0.016
CL = S = 0.0075

LCL = S B3 = 0.0075 0 = 0

28

0.12
0.1
0.08

0.06

UCL
CL
LCL

0.04
0.02
10

UCL

0
0.02
0.015
0.01

) (14
0.005
.

LCL
0

1
2 .
3
4
7
8
9
10
)5 (126

) (8

7
0.02
-0.01
8
0.04
-0.03
21
0.06
-0.05
9
0.08
-0.07
5
0.1
0.09-0.11

50

) (9
).(P
CL

25
UTL

LTL

20

15
10
5

0.02

) (9 0
0.01
1 0.02
3 0.04
4 0.05
5 0.06
6 0.07
7 0.08
8J 0.09
9 10.10 j0.11
1 1 0.12
1 2
P2 0.03

)(15
4
1-7
7
100/50 (4-0.5) = 7

29

0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1

8
21
9
5

8-15
16-36
37-45
46-50

11.5
26
41
48

100/50 (11.5-0.5) = 22
100/50 (26-0.5) = 51
100/50 (41-0.5) = 81
100/50 (48-0.5) = 95

.
).(6

S = 0.053 + 2.68(0.0075) = 0.073

6
5

UCL = X +

CL = X = 0.053
S = 0.053 2.68(0.0075) = 0.033

6
5

LCL = X

30
%

%
T = 0.1 0

+3S

0.1

99.9

8.0
0.2

99.8

0.5

99.5

+2S

+1S

-1S

-2S

99

98

95

10

90

20

80

30

70

40

60

50

50

60

40

70

30

80

20

90

10

95

98

99

99.5

0.5

99.8

0.2

99.9

0.1

-3S

81.0

61.0

41.0

21.0

1.0

80.0

60.0

40.0

20.0

450.0


(61

58.0
6.0

31

)0.04 = (0.073-0.033
).(%41

:
S
0.0075
=
= 0.008
C4
0.94

0.1 0
= 2.08
6 0.008

= Cp

0 .1 2
0 .1
0 .0 8
UCL

0 .0 6

Cl

0 .0 4

LCL

0 .0 2
0

10


) (71
6
) (
PS = 3 CP
PS = 3 2.08 = 6.24
) (CPK :
R 0.017
=
= 0.007
d 2 2.326

UCL X 0.063 0.053


=
= 1.43

0.007

= ZUCL

X LCL 0.053 0.043


=
= 1.43

0.007

= Z LCL

Z (min) 1.43
=
= 0.48
3
3

= C PK

32

:


-:




.


.

.
) (16 ) (0.054
. ) (%1
).(%0.6

) (0.004
) (%0.8
).(%0.85



.
) (PS=6.24 ) (3.24





) (2,6 . )
(PS .%41
) (17.
)

(Cp ) (2.08 ) (1

) (%1

33

) (CPK )
(0.48
.
42.6 = 80.2 3 = SP

LTU

LTL

)+
42.3

+3

-3


(71

.4 :
:
"
)(16%

: :

:
" .
"

)(1%


: : :
.




.

ISO 9001


.

34


) (



.

.
.
:


) (


.


).(%0.7


)(.


) (1-1.33
.

35

. 1.
2.
" . .3
.2002 ."ISO 10015
Burr, I.W., Statistical Quality Control Methods, Mareel Dekker,.4
.USA, 1996
5.Stinikov Cataling the Six Sigma phenomena old OR NEW
PERCEPTION of Quality ? lahai, huhtikun, April,2002.
6. Breyfogle Forest W.,Implementing SIX SIGMA smarter solutions
using statistical methods, New York, 1999.
7.Harry, Mikei J. A new defintion aims to connect quality with
8.Hahn, G. , Doganaksoy. N., Stanard, C., Statistical tools for six sigma ,
GE research & development center, 2001.
9.Magnire, M., Cow boy Quality Quality Progress, March, 1999.
10.Moen, Renald D., & Nolan, Thomas W., Process Improvement A stepby-step Approach to Analyzing and Improving A process, Quality
Progress, March, 1987.
11.Pande, Pete.,Using Six Sigma to Improvement the Supply Chain,
Pivotal Resources, USA,2002.
12.Wary, Bruce., & Hogan, Bob., Why Six Sigma insecurities operation,
Bank of America, USA,2002.
13.Westgrad, Hames O.,A Six Sigma Design Tool, All rights reserved,
USA, 2002.
14.Google: six sigma glosary.
15.Google: quality system & tools-six sigma.
16.Google: six sigma-making customer feel quality.
17.www.westgard.com.
18.www.westgard.com. 2002.
19.www.pivotalresourcess.com.
20.www.aluenet.com.
21.www.juran.com.
22.www.uist.gov.

You might also like