University of San Agustin

General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines

www.usa.edu.ph

COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS - DEPARTMENT OF NURSING

Name: Red Angela O. Dinson Course & Section: BSN 2-B

NCM 107 SL/RLE

Asynchronous Activity Day 1
I. Instructions: Given the sample Laboratory Results below, make a Laboratories Study using the format
presented in the module.

HEMATOLOGY

Parameters Normal Results Indications Significance

Values
A hemoglobin test may determine the
amount of hemoglobin in your blood.
The protein hemoglobin is present in
Hemoglobin (Fe), Massc F= 120- 160 g/L 85 Decreased red blood cells. It transports oxygen
M= 135-180 g/L from your lungs to your whole body.
If your hemoglobin level is abnormal,
you may have a blood disorder.
A hematocrit test is often done as part
of a complete blood count (CBC). A
Erythrocytes, volfr F= 0,37-0,47 /L 0,269 Increased complete blood count (CBC) is a
(PCV\hematocrit) M= 0,40-0,54 /L routine blood test that evaluates the
various components of your blood. It
may also be used to assist in the
detection of blood abnormalities such
as anemia and polycythemia.
A blood test that measures how
rapidly red blood cells (erythrocytes)
sink to the bottom of a test tube
F= 4,2-5,4 x 1012/L containing a blood sample. Red blood
Erythrocytes, numc 4,10 Normal cells travel slowly most of the time. If
M= 4,6-6,2 x 1012/L the heart rate is higher than normal, it
might indicate that the body is
inflamed.
A urine screening test used to identify
a chemical that indicates the presence
of white blood cells. This might
4,5-11,0 x 109/L indicate that you have a urinary tract
Leukocytes numc 7,82 Normal infection. If the test results are
positive, the urine should be inspected
under a microscope for white blood
cells and other symptoms of illness.

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COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS - DEPARTMENT OF NURSING
Differential Count:
Myelocytes
Juvenile Neutrophils
Band Neutrophils
Segmented Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
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University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
www.usa.edu.ph
Myelocytes are often indicative of
0,00 No Result None infection, inflammation, or a primary
bone marrow disease in peripheral
blood.
Your immune system uses neutrophils
0,00-0,01 No Result None to combat infections and speed up
wound healing. The most prevalent sort
of white blood cell in your body is a
neutrophil. If your absolute neutrophil
count is above or below a healthy
range, it may be used to determine if
your body has adequate neutrophils.
Band neutrophils are a little less
developed than segmented neutrophils
and feature recessed, unsegmented "C"
0,02-0,05 No Result None or "S" shaped nuclei. Typically, 5–10%
of the leukocytes in peripheral blood
are band neutrophils. The fraction of
band neutrophils rises under
inflammatory and infectious
circumstances.
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes,
commonly known as polys and PMNs,
0,5-0,7 0,64 Increased are another name for segregated
neutrophils. Segmented neutrophils are
the circulating neutrophilic
granulocytes that are the most
developed.
Respond to invaders such as parasites,
fungi, and cancer cells or protect
yourself from infections. Your body
responds to allergens through
basophils. When you are exposed to an
allergen or during allergy season, they
0,00-0,01 0,01 Normal are the reason why you sneeze, cough,
and have a runny nose.
Eosinophils may ingest foreign
materials. They combat, for instance,
chemicals linked to parasite infections
that your immune system has
0,01-0,04 0,05 Increased designated for eradication.
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
www.usa.edu.ph

COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS - DEPARTMENT OF NURSING

They support the body's immune
system in its battle against invading
viruses, germs, and cancer. During a
Lymphocytes 0,22-0,40 0,21 Decreased typical blood test at your doctor's
office, your lymphocyte count may be
collected. The number of lymphocytes
in your body varies with age, race, sex,
altitude, and lifestyle.
Monocytes assist in the fight against
illnesses including cancer and
Monocytes 0,03-0,08 0,09 Increased infections. Checking your absolute
monocyte levels as part of a normal
blood test is one approach to keep an
eye on the health of your immune
system and blood.
A blood test called an erythrocyte
Sedimentation Rate F= 0-20 mm/hr No Result None sedimentation rate (ESR) measures
Westergreen M= 0-9 mm/hr how rapidly red blood cells, or
erythrocytes, settle to the bottom of a
test tube containing a blood sample.
Red blood cells often settle rather
slowly. A higher-than-average rate
might be a sign of internal
inflammation.
Erythrocytes sink to the bottom of a
Thrombocytes 150-350 x 109/L 453 Increased test tube at a certain pace, which may
be measured during a blood test. It can
identify inflammatory diseases in you.
Inflammatory bowel illness, vasculitis,
and arthritis are a few instances.
The purpose of the test is to identify if
the bone marrow is producing red
Reticulocytes 5-15 x 10−4 No Result None blood cells at a rate that is suitable. The
quantity of reticulocytes in the blood is
a measure of how rapidly the bone
marrow is producing and releasing
them.
The test was first created to monitor
Coagulation Time (Lee-White) 5-15 mins. No Result None hemophilia patients, but it is now often
used to identify coagulopathy and
monitor the success of antivenom
therapies.
Evaluates how quickly skin-surface
blood vessels cease bleeding. Using the
Bleeding Time (Ivy) 1-5 mins. No Result None bleeding time test, one may assess how
effectively one's blood clots. The test
measures how long it takes for platelets
in the blood to close up the hole after
the vessels are cut and for the vessels to
tighten.

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 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
www.usa.edu.ph

COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS - DEPARTMENT OF NURSING

Coagulation Time (Drop) 2-6 mins.
Bleeding Time (Duke’s) 1-5 mins.
Clot Retraction Time 48-64%
No Result None Coagulation diagnostic tests assess the
rate and consistency of blood clotting.
Your doctor may use testing to
determine your risk of excessive
bleeding or the occurrence of clots
(thrombosis) in one of your blood
arteries. Most blood tests are
comparable to coagulation testing.
Risks and side effects are minimal.
The rate at which skin-surface tiny
blood veins discontinue bleeding. How
well one's blood clots may be assessed
No Result None using the bleeding time test. The
duration of time for platelets in the
blood to close the hole and tighten the
cut vessels is determined by the test.
A lengthy period for clot retraction is
abnormal and suggests a problem with
the coagulation cascade. This might
be a sign of prolonged bleeding and
No Result None aberrant platelet thrombus
development, both of which are
indicative of hereditary or acquired
platelet abnormalities.

Blood Indices:
A hemoglobin test determines the
Hemoglobin, ams. (MCH) amount of hemoglobin in your blood.
29 ± 3pg 20,8 Decreased Abnormal levels may indicate anemia
or another blood disorder.
An MCV blood test measures the size
of your typical red blood cells. Red
Erythrocytes, vol (MCV) blood cells transport oxygen from your
87 ± 5fl 65,7 Decreased lungs to every cell in your body. Your
cells need oxygen to grow, reproduce,
and stay healthy.
The MCHC test may be used by a
physician to determine the cause and
Hemoglobin, substc. (MCHC) severity of anemia. While a low
35 ± 3% Decreased hemoglobin level may help with
31,7
anemia diagnosis, the patient's general
health and any underlying medical
issues may also influence the course of
therapy.

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 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
www.usa.edu.ph

COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS - DEPARTMENT OF NURSING

The inability of your red blood cells to
adequately transport oxygen to the rest
RDW-CV 11.0 - 15.0% 19,5 Increased of your body is known as anemia. The
RDW test may also be done in
combination with other exams to help
identify various diseases and illnesses,
such as thalassemia, a hereditary
condition that can result in severe
anemia.

URINALYSIS
The amount of material that is present
may be determined by observing how
Color Pale yellow to Pale Straw Normal much the color of the dipstick changes
deep amber as it moves through the solution. Even
a very little amount of protein may be
detected in the urine sample by seeing
a very slight color change in the
protein test pad, but a large color
change can be seen when there is a
sufficient amount of protein present.
An examination of urine may show
underlying health conditions,
Transparency Light yellow in Slightly Normal infections, or other problems. In
color Hazy addition to analyzing whether the
urine is cloudy or clear, the test looks
at the color, clarity, and other
characteristics of the sample (dark,
light, or colorless).
When the amounts of pee are more
than normal, the chemicals on the stick
Reaction None acidic Acidic Acidic react and change color when your urine
is dipped into it. One of the things the
dipstick test may determine is acidity,
or pH. You can be suffering from
kidney stones, a UTI, or another illness
if the acid level is abnormal.
A gravity test specific to urine is used
Sp. Gr. 1.005-1.030 1.010 Normal to compare the density of urine to that
of water. How well your kidneys are
diluting your urine will be determined
by this short test. Your kidneys may
not be working correctly or you may
not be consuming enough water if your
urine is excessively concentrated.

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 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
www.usa.edu.ph

COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS - DEPARTMENT OF NURSING

Protein (Albumin, Globulin)
The quantity of protein in urine is
assessed using a urine protein test. This
Negative Negative Normal test may be used to determine the cause
of a kidney problem or the
effectiveness of a treatment.

A urine glucose test is a fast and easy

way to screen for abnormally high
Sugar Negative Negative Normal glucose levels in your pee. Various cell
kinds, chemicals, and other compounds
are counted in a urine test.

During the RBC urination test, red

RBC 4/ HPF 2-3 /HPF Normal blood cells in the urine sample are
counted. RBC in the urine might be an
indication of a urinary system issue.
Urinary pus cells might indicate a
sepsis, UTI, or other illness. Pyuria, or
pus cells in the urine, is a critical
marker of bacteriuria, which may be
asymptomatic or indicate a UTI. More
than four pus cells/HPF in a
Pus cells 0-5/ HPF 20-25 /HPF Increased centrifuged urine sample are a sign of
pyuria.

BLOOD CHEMISTRY
Glucose, substc, 3,89-5,84 4,55 Normal It monitors the blood's glucose (sugar)
mmol/L mmol/L content. It might be used to monitor
or help in diabetes diagnosis.
Urea, substc, 2,5-6,6 mmol/L 4,49 Normal It determines how much urea nitrogen
mmol/L is present in your blood. Your kidneys
eliminate an unwanted substance from
your blood called urea nitrogen.
Urate, substc, (F) 155-357 268 umol/L Normal It determines how much uric acid is in
umol/L your blood and how successfully your
(M) 208-428 body manufactures and excretes uric
umol/L acid may be determined by the test.
Creatinine, substc, (F) 53-100 64,1 umol/L Normal The blood creatinine test measures the
umol/L (M) 62- amount of creatinine present in the
120 umol/L body. The results of this test show how
well your kidneys are working.
Creatinine levels may also be
determined using a urine test. The
function of the kidneys is routinely
evaluated using serum creatinine levels.

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 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
www.usa.edu.ph

COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS - DEPARTMENT OF NURSING

Cholesterol, substc, Less than 5,17 4,24 Normal Determine if your cholesterol is high
mmol/L mmol/L and assess your risk of heart attacks,
various kinds of heart disease, and
blood vessel problems. A full
cholesterol test involves the
determination of four kinds of fats in
your blood.
Triglycerides, substc, Less than 1,70 0,89 Normal Triglyceride testing is a blood test that
mmol/L mmol/L analyzes the level of triglycerides in
your blood. Too high triglyceride
levels may raise your risk of having a
heart attack or stroke. A triglyceride
test might help you identify whether
you need to take precautions.

HDL-Cholesterol, substc, (F) greater than 1,50 Decreased The quantity of high-density lipoprotein
1,68 mmol/L mmol/L (good) cholesterol in your blood is
(M) greater than measured. High HDL levels may lower
1,43 mmol/L your chance of getting heart disease.

LDL-Cholesterol, substc, Less than 3,00 2,33 Normal Determine the LDL cholesterol levels
mmol/L mmol/L of an individual. Unhealthy LDL
cholesterol levels may raise a person's
risk of severe illnesses such as heart
disease.
Proteins, substc, It determines the overall quantity of
Total 66-87 g/L / None protein in your blood, paying particular
Albumin 38,1-46,5 g/L / None attention to albumin and globulin
Globulin 27,9-40,5 g/L / None levels.
A/G ratio 1,37-3,0:1 / None

Enzymes:
A blood test called the SGPT is used to
SGPT/ALT Less than 40 U/L 12,8 U/L Normal evaluate the liver enzyme alanine
transaminase (ALT). To assess if there
is liver disease or damage, ALT levels
are measured.

One of the enzymes that aids the liver's

SGOT/AST Less than 40 U/L 21,9 U/L Normal conversion of food into energy is AST.
It determines the amount of the liver
enzyme AST in the blood. High blood
levels of AST may be a sign that the
liver or the cells of other organs, such
as the heart or kidneys, have been
damaged.

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 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
www.usa.edu.ph

COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS - DEPARTMENT OF NURSING

Electrolytes:
It determines the blood's sodium
Sodium (Na) 135-148 mmol/L / None content. Sodium is both a mineral and
an electrolyte. It helps to maintain the
body's electrolyte and water balance
(the volume of fluid within and outside
the cells). Additionally, sodium is
required for healthy neuron and muscle
function.

This test quantifies the level of

potassium in the fluid (serum)
Potassium (K) 3,5-5,3 mmol/L / None component of the blood. Nerves and
muscles may interact with each other
thanks to potassium (K+). Additionally,
it facilitates the movement of waste
materials from cells and nutrients into
them.

Chloride (Cl) Tests for blood chloride make sure

98-107 mmol/L / None that your blood has the right amount
of chloride for your health.

Lithium (Li) 0,3- 1,20 mmol/L / None It determines the amount of lithium
present in a blood sample.

Less than 6% / None shows the average blood sugar level of

Glycosylated Hb (HbA1c) a subject for the two to three months
prior to the test. This may help assess
how well someone's diabetes is treated
over time.
Serum Sodium 135-148 mmol/L 136.0 Normal It is determined how much sodium is in
mmol/L your blood. An issue with the kidneys
or another illness might be indicated by
abnormal sodium levels.
Serum Potassium 3.50-5.30 3.37 Normal It determines the level of potassium in
mmol/L mmol/L your blood. The test often forms a
component of an electrolyte panel, a
collection of standard blood tests. It
might be used to track or identify
illnesses caused by excessive potassium
levels.

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 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
www.usa.edu.ph

COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS - DEPARTMENT OF NURSING

HEMATOLOGY
Hemoglobin F: 120- 160 g/l 1.23 g//L Normal The amount of hemoglobin in your
blood is determined through the use of a
hemoglobin test. Levels that are
abnormal might indicate anemia or
another blood issue.
Hematocrit F: 0.37-0.43 Vol. 0.38 Vol. Fr. Normal Your blood is tested to see how many
Fr. red blood cells are present.

Red Blood Cell F: 4.0-5.4 x 4.72 x Normal The tests that examine several aspects
10^12/L 10^12/L and characteristics of your blood The
RBC test is used to help with the
diagnosis of conditions affecting red
blood cells, such as anemia, a disease in
which your body produces insufficient
numbers of healthy red blood cells.

White Blood Cell 4.0-10.0 x 10.72 x Increase A blood test that detects the white blood
10^9/L 10^9/L cells (WBCs) present in the body
Leukocytes are another name for
WBCs. They aid in infection
prevention.

Differential Count:
Band Neutrophils
Segmenter Neutrophils
0.02-0.05 0.00 Decreased Neutrophils, the most prevalent kind of
white blood cell, are an immature
version of band cells. They are
necessary for battling disease. Because
of this, when you have an infection,
your body makes a lot of them.
0.55-0.65 0.51 Decreased Mature neutrophils, or segmenter
neutrophils, react to infection and
inflammation.

Eosinophil 0.02-0.04 0.04 Normal A blood test that detects eosinophils, a

specific kind of white blood cell
Basophil 0.00-0.01 0.00 Normal Protect your body against illnesses or
take action to intruders like parasites,
fungus, and cancer cells. Your body's
response to allergens is caused by
basophils.
Lymphocyte 0.25-0.35 0.42 Increased The presence of an infection or other
inflammatory disease in your body is
often indicated by high lymphocyte
blood levels.

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 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
www.usa.edu.ph

COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS - DEPARTMENT OF NURSING

Monocyte 0.03-0.06 0.03 Normal Measuring particular kind of white
blood cell in particular Monocytes
support the body's defense mechanisms
against illnesses including cancer and
infections. Having your total monocyte
levels examined as part of a regular
blood test is one method to keep an eye
on the health of your immune system
and blood.
Platelet Count 150-450 x 332 x Normal It determines how many platelets are
10^9/L 10^9/L present in your blood. Blood clotting is
assisted by platelets, which are cells. A
low platelet count might indicate some
types of cancer or illnesses. You may be
more susceptible to stroke or hazardous
blood clots if your platelet count is high.
MCH (Mean corpuscular 27-33 pg 26 pg Decreased MCH levels relate to the average
hemoglobin) concentration of hemoglobin in the
body's red blood cells.

MCV (Mean corpuscular
volume)
MCHC (Mean corpuscular
hemoglobin concentration)
80- 96 fl 80 fl Normal To determine the number of your red
blood cells on average and look for
symptoms of illnesses like anemia.
33-36 g/dl 33g/dl Normal A high MCHC may indicate that the
hemoglobin level in your red blood cells
is greater than usual. A high MCHC
may be brought on by medical diseases
such hereditary spherocytosis and
autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

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