Cormix Coupling Delf 3d

Institute for Hydromechanics
University Karlsruhe
Near-field / far-field coupling
Tobias Bleninger
Institute for Hydromechanics
Tobias Bleninger Institute for Hydromechanics
Intermediate-field:
boundary interaction,
buoyant spreading
(CORMIX submodels)
Far-field:
ambient diffusion,
Manifold: internal flows
advection, degradation/
(CorHyd model)
inactivation (Delft3D)
Near-field: jet diffusion

(CorJet model)
(courtesy of Paolo Domenichini, Italy)

2
Process scales
CORMIX
CorLink
Delft3D
(Fischer et. al, 1979; Jirka & Lee, 1994;)
Approach: flow classification to choose model and define

schematization, coupling position, time and condition
3
Approach: Combined predictive modeling

Far-field may include:
A) multiple sources
B) unsteady ambient conditions
C) long-term studies (incl. accumulation, transformation, ...)
4
Hydrodynamic models
NF model: CORMIX FF model: Delft3D-FLOW
Well proven near-field model for analysis, Simulation of multi-dimensional hydrodynamic

prediction, and design of discharges into flows and transport processes
diverse water bodies Solves the unsteady shallow water equations
Predicts jet trajectory and dilution curvilinear, boundary fitted grid
characteristics of the initial mixing zone σ-coordinates for vertical discretization
Steady-state Limitations:
Variety of outfall conficurations for simplyfied • No consideration of NF processes or outfall geometry
ambient conditions and topography • Calibration necessary for adjustment of initial and
CorTime: time series calculation considering boundary conditions
variable parameters (e.g. flow rate, density,...) • Spatial and temporal resolution limited by computing
DCORMIX: module for dense currents power and storage capacity
• Allows sloping bottoms
6
Model coupling
Coupling algorithm
Preparation of field measurements as time series input for

Pre-Processing the near-field model
CorTime
CorTime Time series near-field modeling with CORMIX
Post-Processing
Post-Processing Analysis of the results of CORMIX
Preparation of near-field results as time series input for

Model
Model linking
linking the far-field model
Delft3D-FLOW
Delft3DFLOW Hydrodynamic modeling based on field data and the results
of the near-field model
Input files are text files with specified structure (given by CORMIX and Delft3D)
Generation of data by the use of MatLab®-routines
7
Coupling procedure - CorLink routines
Step 1: Data pre-processing using

CorField for computation
of boundary condition (BC)
a) CORMIX schematization
4 density profile types
depth averaged velocity
b) Delft3D open BC
density profiles
velocity profiles
8
CORMIX2 – multiport diffuser schematization

schematized boundaries (no need for complex bathymetrical data)
schematized ambient (simplified velocity and density fields)
schematized geometries
9
CORMIX flow classification
10
Step 2: CORMIX computations Concentrations at any

point of the plume (i.e.
along the centreline)
11
Step 2 (cont´d) : CORMIX computations
steady plume geometries and location (trap height, width, thickness)

how to apply for unsteady ambients (build up effects)?
Æ needs far-field model
Æ coupling problem
Step 2 (cont´d) : CORMIX computations (CorTime)

12
Step 2 results: Near-field - outfall performance
13
Coupling procedure
Step 2: CorTime
Step 3: Define coupling

position / time
irrealistic NF features
if buoy. spreading big:
ℓM/ℓm = ua/jo2/3 < 1
with jo= Uogo´ B
duration tbu/∆t > 1
tbu = jo1/3/|dua/dt|
extension ℓbu/LD > 1
ℓbu = jo2/3/|dua/dt|
Æ cut-off of NF result
at NF or later
Step 4: FF source file on

FF grid
14
Model linking
Transformation of local coordinates into global coordinates (horizontal)

Determination of corresponding grid cells considering the plume geometry
(thickness, width, position)
Calculation of the corresponding flow rates Qi (Q0=ΣQi )
Concentration C, temperature T, salinity Sal remain constant (properties of Q)
15
Case study
Brine discharge of a RO plant through a submerged single
port
Cartagena outfall (Columbia) following Bleninger (2006):
field data, boundary conditions, numerical grid
Counterflow not yet applicable

⇒ time range in which current direction is in the
allowed range (1 week = 169 h = 169 time steps)
Ambient conditions:
Current direction φ
• Depth averaged velocity Ua = 8 – 80 cm/s
• Ta = 27.7°C, Sala = 36.3 ppt (‰) ⇒ ρa = 1023.50 kg/m³
• Density profile: uniform or linear (Δρ > 0.1 kg/m³)
Discharge conditions:
• Qo = 7 m³/s
• To = 27.7°C, Salo = 66.9 ppt (‰) ⇒ ρo = 1046.78 kg/m³
16
Case study
Outfall design (CORMIX)
Numerical grid (Delft3D)
~ 25 km
Cell size
near outfall:
~100 m ‧ 150 m
~ 25 km
17
BC - measured density profiles
3
Delta T (C)
0
Nov-99 Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00 Mar-00 Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00 Jul-00
3
Delta T (C)
0
Aug-00 Sep-00 Oct-00 Nov-00 Dec-00 Jan-01 Feb-01 Mar-01 Apr-01 May-01 Jun-01
18
Case study: Results of

CORMIX
Two different flow classes:
Time step I Time step II
~ 200 m
plan view
side view
~ 50 m
• strong current: • weak current:

strong deflection towards bottom after vertically mixed over full water depth
short time and distance near-field distance: 100 - 750 m
near-field distance: about 50 m
19

CORMIX
Distribution of the near-field (predicted end-points) -- see text file
outfall port
centerline
20
Case study: Coupling

configurations
no coupling
neglecting any
plume geometry
vertical coupling
considering the
plume thickness
full coupling
considering the
plume thickness,
width and position
21
Results 3: Delft3D - hydrodynamics

Comparison of measured and computed water levels at outfall location
22
Delft3D - Hydrodynamic model results
23
24
25
Results 3: Delft3D - hydrodynamics

Comparison of measured and modeled depth averaged currents at
outfall location
26
Results University Karlsruhe
1 2
1
2
3
4
3 4
Ambient water standard: 107 / m³
How to decide regarding discharge permit?

28

Delft3D
Time step I
5.0 1.0 1.0

no coupling vertical coupling [kg/m³] full coupling [kg/m³]
Concentration [kg/m³]
0.5 0.5
layer 11 0 layer 11 layer 11

0 0
Time step II
5.0 1.0 1.0
no coupling vertical coupling [kg/m³] full coupling [kg/m³]
0.5 0.5
layer 11 layer 11 layer 11

0 0 0
30
Case study: Results of Delft3D

48 time steps (= 2 days)
5.0
no coupling
25 m 2.5
0
17 km
1.0
1
vertical coupling [kg/m³]
0.5
0.5
00
1
1.0
full coupling
[kg/m³]
0.5
0.5
00
31
Case study: Results of Delft3D

Time step I Time step II
5.0 5.0
no coupling no coupling
[kg/m³]
25 m
2.5 2.5
0 0
17 km
1.0 1.0
vertical coupling vertical coupling
[kg/m³] [kg/m³]
0.5 0.5
0 0
1.0 1.0
full coupling full coupling
[kg/m³] [kg/m³]
0.5 0.5
0 0
32
Conclusion
Separate programs for the simualtion of near- and far-field processes necessary
New time-series option allows to do statistical analysis of 100s of NF results
Analysis of NF results allows to classify discharge/ambient conditions and to

define necessary resolutions (temporal and spatial) as well as coupling positions
and timing
Transformation of output into input data successfull with developed interface
Vertical coupling mandatory; horizontal/full coupling of minor importance
Model coupling is unavoidable for an environmental assessment

The coupling methodology allows for an considerably improved discharge
assessment
34
Thanks for your attention
35

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Institute for Hydromechanics

Near-field / far-field coupling

Near-field: jet diffusion

(courtesy of Paolo Domenichini, Italy)

(Fischer et. al, 1979; Jirka & Lee, 1994;)

 Approach: flow classification to choose model and define

Approach: Combined predictive modeling

 Well proven near-field model for analysis,  Simulation of multi-dimensional hydrodynamic

• Allows sloping bottoms

Preparation of field measurements as time series input for

Preparation of near-field results as time series input for

Coupling procedure - CorLink routines

Step 1: Data pre-processing using

CORMIX2 – multiport diffuser schematization

Step 2: CORMIX computations  Concentrations at any

Step 2 (cont´d) : CORMIX computations

 steady plume geometries and location (trap height, width, thickness)

Step 2 (cont´d) : CORMIX computations (CorTime)

Step 2 results: Near-field - outfall performance

Step 3: Define coupling

Step 4: FF source file on

 Transformation of local coordinates into global coordinates (horizontal)

 Counterflow not yet applicable

 Numerical grid (Delft3D)

BC - measured density profiles

Case study: Results of

• strong current: • weak current:

Case study: Results of

Case study: Coupling

Results 3: Delft3D - hydrodynamics

Delft3D - Hydrodynamic model results

Delft3D - Hydrodynamic model results

Delft3D - Hydrodynamic model results

Results 3: Delft3D - hydrodynamics

Results University Karlsruhe

Ambient water standard: 107 / m³

How to decide regarding discharge permit?

Case study: Results of

5.0 1.0 1.0

layer 11 0 layer 11 layer 11

layer 11 layer 11 layer 11

Case study: Results of Delft3D

Case study: Results of Delft3D

 New time-series option allows to do statistical analysis of 100s of NF results

 Analysis of NF results allows to classify discharge/ambient conditions and to

 Transformation of output into input data successfull with developed interface

 Vertical coupling mandatory; horizontal/full coupling of minor importance

 Model coupling is unavoidable for an environmental assessment

Thanks for your attention

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Approach: flow classification to choose model and define

Well proven near-field model for analysis, Simulation of multi-dimensional hydrodynamic

Step 2: CORMIX computations Concentrations at any

steady plume geometries and location (trap height, width, thickness)

Transformation of local coordinates into global coordinates (horizontal)

Counterflow not yet applicable

Numerical grid (Delft3D)

New time-series option allows to do statistical analysis of 100s of NF results

Analysis of NF results allows to classify discharge/ambient conditions and to

Transformation of output into input data successfull with developed interface

Vertical coupling mandatory; horizontal/full coupling of minor importance

Model coupling is unavoidable for an environmental assessment