;SrKd;aul jirl uqøs; udOH N+ñldj

2008 Tlaf;dan¾ - 2009 Tlaf;dan¾

^hqo iuh ;=< yd mYapd;a hqo iuh ;=< udkqIjd§ mqj;a
jd¾;dlrKh uQ,sl lr.;a ksÍlaIK jd¾;djls'&

iS;d rxckS

udkqIjd§ .eg¿ iïnkaO udOH ksÍCIK jev igyk

udOH tallh - úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh fjkqfjka

1
 ;SrKd;aul jirl uqøs; udOH N+ñldj
2008 Tlaf;dan¾ - 2009 Tlaf;dan¾
^hqo iuh ;=< yd mYapd;a hqo iuh ;=< udkqIjd§ mqj;a
jd¾;dlrKh uQ,sl lr.;a ksÍlaIK jd¾;djls'&

úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøfha udOH tallh fjkqfjka fufyhjk ,o

udkqIjd§ .eg¿ iïnkaO udOH ksÍCIK jev igyfka wjika ksÍlaIK
jd¾;dj

udOH ksÍCIKh l< ld,h - 2008 Tlaf;dan¾ isg 2009 Tlaf;dan¾

iS;d rxckS

ye¢kaùu
YS% ,dxlsl b;sydihg b;d ;SrKd;aul ld,hla jQ 2008 Tlaf;dan¾ isg 2009
Tlaf;dan¾ olajd ld,h ;=< mqj;a jd¾;dlrKfha§ uqøs; udOH ^mqj;am;a& yeisÍ we;s
wdldrh ksÍCIKh lsÍu fuu ióCIKfha wruqKhs' ñksid úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o
jHik >Khg fukau iajdNdúl jHik >Khgo wh;a udkqIjd§ .eg¿ /ila ta jk úg
YS% ,dxlsl iudch ;=< u;= ù ;sìK' rdcHfha nr uq¿ukskau fhdod ;snQ hqoaOfhka
jHikhg m;a isú,a ck;dj uqyqK fok udkqIjd§ .eg¿ ta w;r m%uqL ù ;sìK' isú,a
iudch ;=< yd ixfõ§ mqoa.,hka ;=< fuu nrm;, ;;a;ajhka .ek lïmdjla mej;=ko
YS% ,xldfõ udOH ;=<ska ta lïmdj m%;sks¾udKh ùula olakg ,enqfKa ke;' tfyhska
fuu ksÍCIKfha m%Odk ks¾kdhlh jQfha hqo ch.%yK jd¾;d lsÍu yd tu hqoaOhg ueÈ
jQ isú,a ck;djg jk úm;a jd¾;d lrk wdldrhhs' hqo ìfï ;=jd, ,nk Nghkag
udkqIslj ie,lSu" ridhksl yd ;ykï wú Ndú;h jeks lreKqo udkqIjd§ kS;s
moaO;shg wh;a jqj;a" fuu ksÍCIKh isú,a ck;djg ydkslr .eg¿j,g muKla iSud
fjhs' hqo iuh ;=< yd mYapd;a hqo iuh ;=< tu .eg¿ jd¾;d l< wdldrfha fjkialï
y÷kd .ekSugo fuys§ W;aidy ord we;'

ksÍCIKh wdrïN l< 2008 Tlaf;dan¾ udih jk úg t,aààBfha u¾uia:dkh jQ

jkaksh ;=< oreKq hqo .egqï weúf,ñka ;sìK' thg f.dÿre jQ úYd, ck;djla jkaksh
;=<u wj;eka ù isáhy' jir ;sylg miq W;=rg ,enqKq úYd,;u j¾Idm;kfhka
wj;eka l|jqre c,dY njg m;a úh' .egqï W.% ù wdrCIs; N+ñ m%foaYh l=vd jk úg
wj;eka jQfjda hkakg w;la fkd±k Ôú;drCIdj m;d ;ekska ;ekg m<d .shy' iuyr
l=vd lKavdhïj,g jõkshdj foig m<d tkakg yels úh' ta w;r uÕ§o m%ydrj,g ,la
ùfuka fndfyda fofkl=f.a Ôú; úkdY úh' h<s h<s;a wj;eka fjñka wõ jeis mSvdj,g
,lafjñka" lEu îu fkdue;sj ;djld,sl l|jqreo yer oud ÿjkakg isÿ jQ ck;djg .ia
hg Ôj;a jkakg isÿ úh' .egïj,ska idudkH ck;dj >d;kh úh' hqo Wml%uhla f,i
t,aààBh Tjqka m%dK wemlrejka f,i ;ndf.k isák nj ksrka;rfhka rcfha uQ,dY%
Tiafia jd¾;d úh' m%ydrj,g b,lal ùug wu;rj" i¾mhska oIaG lsÍfuka" f,v
frda.j,ska iuyre ñh .shy' lEu îu ke;slñka" m%;sldr ke;slñka iuyre ñh .shy'

2
 hqoaOfha wjika Èk lsysmh ;=< § wjia:d foll§ oi oyia .Kkska yuqod md,k
m%foaY fj; we§ wdfõ tfia id.skafkka" f,v frda.j,ska" m%ydrj,g b,lal ùfuka we;s
jQ ;=jd,j,ska mSä;j" urK ìfhka wirK ù isá ck;djhs' yuqod md,k m%foaY lrd
ck;djg m<d tkakg yels jQ tu fufyhqï rch úiska y÷kajd fokq ,enQfha zzf,dalfha
úYd,;u m%dK wemlrejka uqojd .ekSfï fufyhquzz jYfhks' 2009 wfma%,a ui 20 jeksod
tu m%:u uqojd .ekSfï fufyhqu;a" uehs ui 16 jeksod wjika ck lKavdhu uqojd
.ekSfï fufyhqu;a isÿ jQ nj jd¾;d úh' bka miq tfia mK fírd .kakg yels jQ
ck;dj f.k hkq ,enqfõ jõkshdj Èia;s%lalfha ueKsla*dï m%foaYfha we;s l< úYd,
wj;eka l|jqrgh' tu l|jqre.; ck;djg Ôj;a jkakg isÿjQfha ñksiqka f,i yssñúh
hq;= uQ,sl whs;sjdislï ish,a, wysñjh' miqj f,dalh úiska tu wj;eka l|jqre y÷kajkq
,enQfha zzf,dalfha ±jeka;u ryis.;$t<suyka l|jqrZZ jYfhks'

ckudOHhg" úmCIhg yd wfkl=;a ish¨ fokdg ;ykï jQ tu l|jqre udkqIjd§

fiajd imhkakkag mjd w;sYhska iSud úh' udkqIjd§ fiajd i|yd w;HdjYH neúka
l|jqrej,g we;=,a ùug wjir ,enqKq whf.ka iuyr ixfõ§ mqoa.,hka f;dr;=re .nvd
njg m;a úh' tfy;a" Ôú;drCIdj m;d tajd ryfia ;nd .kakg Tjqkg isÿ úh' wfkla
w;ska tajd wkdjrKh lr wj;eka jQjkag fiajh lsÍug we;s wjia:djg ndOdjla lr
.kakg TjQyQ wlue;s jQy' fkdje<elaúh yels wka;¾ cd;sl ksfhdað;hkag yd úfoaYSh
foaYmd,k{hkag l|jqre ksÍCIKhg bv ,eìK' kuq;a YS% ,xldfõ úmCI
foaYmd,k{hkag ta whs;sh fkd,eìK' rdcH ;dka;s%l iSud iuÕ úfoaYSh
ksÍCIlhkaf.ka hï muKlg f;dr;=re wkdjrKh úh' tfukau fld;rï Ôú;
wdkdrCIs; ;;a;ajhl§ jqj" fld;rï iSud nkaOk w;ßka jqj" úl,am ud¾. yryd msg;g
f;dr;=re .,d hEula hï muKlg isÿ úh'

úfoaY ixpdrhla w;ruÕ kj;d 2009 uehs 17 jeksod YS% ,xldjg meñKs
ckdêm;sjrhd .=jka hdkfhka nei uy fmdf<djg kuialdr lsÍu ksid hqoaOh
iïnkaOfhka ;SrKd;aul fohla isÿ ù we;s nj uyckhdg Wml,amkh lrkakg yels
úh' uehs 18 jeksod iji yuqodm;sjreka úiska ks, jYfhka ckdêm;sjrhdg;a" uehs 19
jeksod ckdêm;sjrhd md¾,sfïka;=fõ§ ck;dj wu;d rgg;a hqoaOh chf.k wjika nj
ks, jYfhka ksfõokh lf<ah' t;eka isg Èk lsysmhla W;=r yer ol=Kqg t<ôfha
iekfl<s ld,hls' tfukau" t;eka isg t<ôfha mYapd;a hqo iuhhs' fuu ióCIKfhka
W;aidy ord we;af;a" tf;la hqoaOhg ueÈjQ isú,a ck;djg isÿ jQ úm;a jd¾;d lsÍfï§;a"
t;eka isg tl Èia;s%lalhl ^jõkshdj& iSñ; N+ñhla ;=< wj;eka jQ Èia;s%lal foll
^ls,sfkdÉÑh yd uq,;sõ& ck;dj iïnkaOfhka jd¾;d lsÍfï§;a ckudOH lghq;= l<
wdldrh Tiafia YS% ,xldfõ mqj;am;aj, yeisÍu ms<sn| o< woyila ,nd .ekSughs'

ls,sfkdÉÑh ch.%yKh ^ckjdß 02&" w,suxlv ch.%yKh ^ckjdß 09& we;=¿ hqo
u¾uia:dk ch.ekSï yd t,aààBfha hqo wdhqO f;d. .Kkska w,a,d .ekSï ieuÍu i|yd
mqj;am;a msgq .Kka fï ld,h ;=< fjkaúh' wjika hqo ch.%yKh fjkqfjka msgq
.Kkaj,g wu;rj úfYaI w;sf¾l" úfYaI l<dm ksl=;a úh' W;=f¾ hqoaOhg wod,
isÿùïj,g wu;rj" ióCIKhg wod, jir ;=< ;j;a iqúfYaI fukau nrm;, isÿùï
/ilao isÿ úh' urdf.k uefrk fndaïn m%ydr lsysmhla ^ckjdß 02 fld<U .=jka yuqod
l|jqr bÈßmsg" ckjdß 03 r;= m,a,sh bÈßmsg" ud¾;= 10 wl=/iai f.dvmsáh cqïud uqia,sï
m,a,sh wi,& iy .ïjeishka >d;kh lsÍfï isÿùï lsysmhla ^fmnrjdß 21" wïmdr"
lrueáh .fï jeishka 16 fofkl= lmd fldgd >d;kh lsÍu - ud¾;= 04" nq;a;,
f.dak.xwdr m%foaYfha isú,a wdrCIlhka fofofkl= >d;kh lsÍu - ud¾;= 24" fiare
kqjr" foysj;a;" lrfla m%foaYfha f.dùka 5 fofkl= >d;kh lsÍu - ud¾;= 25" je,slkao"
ueKslafoksh m%foaYfha f.dhï md.ñka isá f.dúhka 4 fofkl= >d;kh lsÍu& o ta w;r
úh' fmnrjdß 20 jeksod" m%ydrhla i|yd fld<Ug meñKs t,aààB .=jka hdkd folla
úkdY lrkq ,eìK' ud¾;= ui 02 jeksod mdlsia:dkfha" ,dfyda¾ k.rfha .vdms
lS%vdx.kh wdikakfha§ YS% ,xld ls%lÜ lKavdhug t,a, jQ ;%ia;jd§ m%ydrh f,dalhg u
nrm;, mqj;la úh' foaYmd,k fCIa;%fha isÿùï w;r m<d;a iNd wgl ue;sjrK

3
mj;ajkq ,enQfha ksÍCIKhg hg;a jirl ld,h ;=<h' rcfha iïmQ¾K n,h fh§fï
myiqj msKsi wjia:d lsysmhl§ fuu m<d;a iNd i|yd ue;sjrK meje;aùu isÿ úh' 2009
fmnrjdß uOHu iy jhU" wfma%,a 24 niakdysr" wf.daia;= 8 W!j" jõkshdj iy hdmkh"
Tlaf;dan¾ 10 ol=K hk m<d;a iNdj, ue;sjrK ta wkqj meje;aúK'

2009 jir Wod jQfha ckudOH o úYd, ;e;s .ekaulg ,la lrñks' udOH ksÍCIKh
wdrïN l< 2008 Tlaf;dan¾ udih ;=< wkqrdOmqrfha§ m%dfoaYSh udOHfõÈhl= >d;khg
,la ù ;snqKs' W;=re ueo m<d;a iNd ue;sjrKfhka jeäu ukdm ,nd isá úmCI kdhl
cdkl fmf¾rd uy;df.a ld¾hd,h újD; l< Tlaf;dan¾ 06 jeksod mqmqrd .sh
fndaïnfhka Tyq we;=¿ kdhlhska iuÕ jd¾;d lsÍug .sh isri rEmjdyskS jd¾;dlre
rYañ uyrema tfia >d;khg ,la úh' 2009 ckjdß 08 ikafâ ,Sv¾ l¾;D ,ika;
úl%u;=x. uy;d uerhka úiska >d;kh lrk ,oafoa fld<U wêwdrCIl l<dmhl§
oyj,a ld,fha§h' ióCIK ld,h wjika jk úg;a ta ms<sn| lsisÿ f;dr;=rla wkdjrKh
lsÍug fmd,Sishg yels jQfha ke;' wkdjrKh jQ f;dr;=re wkqj t,aààBfha udOH
m%ldYkj,g fukau úúO mqj;am;a yd m%ldYkj,g mqj;a" ks¾udK yd ú.%y iemhQ fou<
udOHfõÈhl= jQ mqkHuQ¾;s i;HuQ¾;so rch úiska kï l< hqo uqla; l<dmhg t,a, jQ
wdá,ß fI,a m%ydrhlg ,laùfuka 2009 fmnrjdß 12jeksod >d;kh ù we;' hqoaOhg
f.dÿre ùfuka" B,kdoka mqj;amf;a udOH fiajlhl= jQ iiS uoka kue;a;do ud¾;= 06
jeksod ñh f.dia we;' isri rEmjdyskS wdh;khg ysßyer .Kkdjla isÿ jQ w;r ckjdß
06 jeksod t,a, jQ uer m%ydrfhka isri ueÈß ixlS¾Kh nrm;, f,i úkdY úh' m%ydr
idOdrKSlrKh lsÍu msKsi isri rEmjdyskshg fldá f,an,h w,jñka l< m%ldY
m<ùu ksid ;ukag jQ ydksh .ek mjd jd¾;d lsÍu w;ayßkakg isrig isÿ jQ wdldrh
lemS fmksK' udOHfõ§ka lsysm fofkla uer m%ydrj,g" meyer .ekSïj,g yd
;¾ckj,g ,lajQy' kdu,a fmf¾rd iy lS;a fkdhd¾ hk udOHfõ§yQ nrm;, m%ydrj,g
,la ù isáhy' ,ika; >d;khg miq ckjdß 23 jeksod ßúr l¾;D Wmd,s f;kakfldaka
uy;dg t,a, jQ m%ydrfhka Tyqf.a uqyqKg nrm;, ;=jd, isÿ úh' YS% ,xld jD;a;Sh
mqj;am;a l,dfõ§kaf.a ix.ufha m%Odk f,alï jQ fmdaoao, chka; udOHfõÈhd meyer
f.k .sh uerhska Tyqg b;d oreKq f,i myr § ll=,a lvd oud w;yer oud f.dia
;sìK' th isÿ jQfha hqoaOh ch.%yKfhka o miqj t<UqKq cQks 01odh' iqv¾ T,s fou<
mqj;amf;a l¾;D tka úoHdOrka uy;d 2009 fmnrjdß 26 jeksod meyer f.k f.dia m%Yak
fldg miqj ksoyia lf<ah' fm!oa.,sl fou< udOH mqj;am;aj, m< jk udkqIjd§ mqj;a
jd¾;dlrKhka j<lajk wdldrfha jl% m%Yak lsÍï isÿ úh' YS% ,dxlsl b;sydifha jeäu
udOHfõ§ka msßila Ôú; wdrCIdj m;d rg yer .sh jiro udOH ksÍCIKhg wod, jQ
fuu jirl ld,hhs' tfia rg yer .sh msßi 35ls'

furg isg jd¾;d l< úfoaY udOH jd¾;dlrejkag o fï ld,h iqNodhl jQfha ke;'
iqmqreÿ ls%hd ms<sfj;g wkqj furg isg jd¾;d lsÍu i|yd wod, ùid È.= lsÍu rch úiska
m%;sfCIam l< fyhska wefidaisfhagâ fm%ia mqj;a fiajfha fld<U ìhqfrdafõ m%OdkS rú
fkiaudka udOHfõÈhdg 2009 cQ,s ui 22od ráka msgj hkakg isÿ úh' fuu ùid È.=
lsÍu m%;sfCIam lsÍug fya;=j wj;eka ckhd .ek Tyq l< jd¾;d hehs m%ldY úh' tu
Èkj, jd¾;djlska wkdjrKh jQ mßÈ tu jir ;=< wju jYfhka úfoaY jd¾;dlrejka
11 fofkl=g ráka msg fjkakg isÿ ù we;' wj;eka jQjka .ek jd¾;d l< pek,a 4
udOHfõ§ka ;sfokdf.a ùid wj,x.= lr jydu msgqjy,a lrk ,oafoa uehs ui 10 jeksodh'

YS% ,xldfõ ±kg mj;sk udOH fndfyduhla hqouh ld, mrdihla ;=< ìysjQ tajd
fjhs' jir ;syla tajd yqreù we;af;a hqo miqìul udOHlrKhgh' fmfkk hqoaOh wjika
ù we;' udOHhg ;ukaf.a mdGlhd iuÕ .kq fokq lrk wdldrh .ek w¿;ska is;kakg
isÿ ù we;' udkqIjd§ mqj;a jd¾;dlrKh ks¾Kdhlh lr f.k hqo iuh ;=< yd hqoaOhg
miq YS% ,xldfõ mqj;am;a jd¾;dlrKfha m%jK;d y÷kd .kakg W;aidyhla ord we;af;a
o< jYfhka fujeks jgdmsgdjla hgf;ah'

4
 l%ufõoh
NdId ;=kg u wh;a mqj;am;a 28la ksÍCIKh lrk ,§' Èkm;d mqj;am;a 11la yd i;s
wka; mqj;am;a 17la ta w;r úh' isxy, udOH Èkm;d mqj;am;a 4la iy i;s wka; mqj;am;a
7la" fou< udOH Èkm;d mqj;am;a 4la iy i;s wka; mqj;am;a 4la" bx.S%is udOH Èkm;d
mqj;am;a 3la iy i;s wka; mqj;am;a 6la f,i tu mqj;am;a 28 fn§ f.dia ;sìK' rdcH
iy fm!oa.,sl hk wxY folg u wh;a mqj;am;a .ek i,ld nEÆ w;r" tlu mqj;am;a
iud.fï NdId udOH ;=kg u wh;a mqj;am;a .eko ie,ls,a,g ,la úh'

udkqIjd§ .eg¿j,g wod, isÿùï$wjia:d lsysmhla mokï lr f.k ksÍCIKh isÿ

úh' uq,a msgqfõ iy wfkl=;a msgqj, mqj;a" l;=jels" ldgQka" ;Sre ,sms fukau úfYaIdx.
,sms o ie,ls,a,g ,la úh' tla isÿùula jd¾;d l< wdldrh i;shla mqrd ksÍCIKh
flßK' jirla ;=< tjeks isÿùï 40la blaujd ksÍCIKh lsÍu isÿ úh' tajd weiqßka
W;aidy lrk ,oafoa udOH wdpdr O¾u yd udOH iodpdrhka uQ,sl fldg.;a .eUqre
ú.%yhlg hEug fkdfõ' fuys§ jvd i,ld n,d we;af;a" tu isÿùï$wjia:d
jd¾;dlrKfha§" YS% ,xldfõ udOH uyck hym; yd iudc j.lSu iïnkaOfhka ls%hd
lrk wdldrh iïnkaOfhks'

ksÍCIKh fldgia follska iukaú;h' hqo iuh ;=< jd¾;dlrKh m<uq fldgi
jYfhkq;a" mYapd;a hqo iuh ;=< ueKsla*dï wj;eka l|jqre .ek jd¾;dlrKh fojeks
fldgi jYfhkq;a i,ld we;'

ksÍCIKh l< uqøs; udOH

udOHh Èkm;d i;s wka; uq¿ .Kk
isxy, 04 07 11
fou< 04 04 08
bx.S%is 03 06 09

isxy, mqj;am;a - 11
Èkm;d 4
,xld§m" ,laìu" Èjhsk" ÈkñK

i;s wka; 7la

bßod ,xld§m" bßod ,laìu" bßod Èjhsk" is¿ñK" rdjh" ßúr" breÈk

fou< mqj;am;a - 8
Èkm;d 4
iqv¾ T,s" ùrflaiÍ" ;sklal=r,a" ;sklrka

i;s wka; 4
iqv¾ T,s" ùrflaiÍ" ;sklal=r,a" ;sklrka mqj;am;a y;f¾ bßod ix.%yhka

bx.S%is mqj;am;a - 9
Èkm;d 3
fâ,s ñr¾" whs,kaâ" fâ,s ksjqia

5
i;s wka; 6
ikafâ ghsïia" ikafâ whs,kaâ" ikafâ Tíi¾j¾" ikafâ ,Sv¾" ,laìu ksjqia" o fkaIka

ie,ls,a,g .;a lreKq

) m%jD;a;s uQ,dY% ÿIalr;dj
) f;dr;=re ksoyi ms<sn| .eg¿j
) jdrKh
) udOH u¾okh

jd¾;dlrKfha m%jK;d( isoaê wOHhk weiqßka

hqo iuh ;=< mqj;am;a
1' hqoaOh ksid úkdY jk ñksia Ôú; .ek jd¾;dlrKh
1'1 fmdl=re fndaïnhlska orejl= ñh hEu
wj;eka l|jqrlg m;s; jQ fmdl=re fndaïnhlska ^Cluster Bomb& wjqreÿ myla jhie;s
orejl= iy jeäysáhl= ñh .sh f.dia ;j;a lsysm fofkl= ;=jd, ,enqfõh' 2008
fkdjeïn¾ ui 29 jeksodg t<sjk mdkaor ^w¿hu 1'45 g muK& tu fndaïn m%ydrh t,a,
ù ;sìK' 29 jeksod fikiqrdod Èkhla úh' fï jk úg bßod mqj;am;a fndfyduhla
uqøKh lr wjika neúka úfYaI mqj;la m< jkafka fikiqrdod Èkfha wjika lrk
mqj;am;aj, muKs' mqj;am; ta wkqj fuu fmdl=re fndaïn isÿùu ms<sn| mqj; uq,skau m<
jQfha 30 jeks bßod m< jQ fou< udOH mqj;am;la jQ ;sklal=r,a mqj;amf;a muKh'
orejl=f.a Ôú; úkdYh iïnkaO ixfõ§ mqj;la neúka" foieïn¾ ui 1 jeksod Èkm;d
mqj;am;aj,g fuh wksjd¾h mqj;la úh hq;= jqj;a" tÈk fyda bka miqj fyda lsisÿ isxy,
fyda bx.S%is mqj;am;lg th mqj;la jQfha ke;' >d;khg ,la jQ orejdf.a iy ;=jd, jQjka
frday,a fj; f.k hk PdhdrEm fukau mqmqrd .sh fmdl=re fndaïnfha fldgiao olajk
PdhdrEm iuÕ rcfha udOH fou< mqj;am; yer fm!oa.,sl wxYfha Èkm;d fou< udOH
mqj;am;a ;=k u mqj; m< lr ;sìK' tu mqj;m;a ;=fkka tlla jQfha PdhdrEm iys;j
i÷od Èko mqj; m< l< ;sklal=r,a mqj;am;hs' iqv¾ T,s iy ùrflaiÍ wfkla mqj;am;a
fol úh' jd¾;d jQfha m%Odk mqj;la f,i fyda uq,a msgqfõ mqj;la f,i fkdj we;=,a
msgqj,h'

fuu isÿùu jd¾;d jQfha" fmdl=re fndaïn ;ykï lsÍfï .súiqug w;aika lsÍu i|yd jQ
iïfï,kh foieïn¾ ui 3 jeksod Tiaf,da kqjr meje;aùug kshñ;j ;sìh§h' YS%
,xldfõ hqoaOfha§ fmdl=re fndaïn Ndú;d fkdlrK ksid w;aika lsÍfï wjYH;djla
ke;ehs cd;sl wdrCIdj ms<sn| udOH uOHia:dkfha m%ldYl flfy<sh rUqlaje,a,
wud;Hjrhd l< m%ldYhla mokï lr.;a l=vd mqj;la m< lrñka fâ,s ñr¾ mqj;am;"
fmdl=re fndaïnhl úkdYldrS nj meyeÈ,s lrk .%e*sla igykla bÈßm;a lr ;sìK'

fou< udOH mqj;am;aj,g fmdl=re fndaïn m%ydrh i|yd uQ,dY%h ù ;snqfKa fjí
wvúhls' fjí wvúhla uQ,dY% f,i .ekSu úYajdi fkdue;skï wfkla udOHj,g tu
uQ,dY%h Tiafia" wjYH;dj ;snqfKakï f;dr;=rej, i;H wi;H;dj ;yjqre lr .ekSug
yels ikaksfõokhla yd uQ,dY% ta jkúg hqo l<dmh ;=< mej;sK' wj;eka ckhdg fiajd
imhñka ;ekska ;ekg wj;eka fjñka kuq;a rdcH wdh;k hï uÜgulska ls%hd;aul úh'
rdcH ks,OdÍkag f;dr;=re ,nd Èh yels ks, f;dr;=re ksoyila ke;s jqj;a idudkH

6
ms<sfj; wkqj ryia fkdjQ f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug udOHfõ§kag yelshdj we;' ñh .sh
njg y÷kd f.k we;af;a fofofkl= nj;a" ñh .sh orejd iqo¾Yka isjl=ud¾ nj;a"
wfkla mqoa.,hd rduka rduidñ kï jhi 80l jeäysáhl= nj;a" ;=jd, jQjka w;r jhi
16g wvq orejka 7la ldka;djka 7la we;=¿ 21la isák nj;a" ;djld,sl fmd,a w;= l+vdrï
23la úkdY ù .sh nj;a" fjä y~ .ek wjOdkfhka isá ck;dj jyd tu ia:dkfhka Èj
.sh fyhska úkdYh wju jQ nj;a ;yjqre lr .kakg tu uQ,dY% Tiafia yelshdj ;sìK'
ls,sfkdÉÑfha" O¾umqrï m%foaYfha" msruka;dre .%dufiajd fldÜGdYhg wh;a l,a,dre
.fï msysá wj;eka l|jqrlg fndaïnh m;s; ù we;' ls,sfkdÉÑ Èia;s%lalfha hqo .egqï
ksid wj;eka jQ ck;djf.ka 1"73010la tu wjia:dj jk úg Ôj;a ù we;af;a fuu
m%foaYfha msysá wj;eka l|jqrej, nj jeä ÿrg;a fidhd .kakg tu f;dr;=re uQ,dY%
Tiafia yelshdj ;sìK'

1'2 wdá,ß fI,a m%ydrhlska ±ßhla ñh hEu

fmdl=re fndaïnfhka orejl= ñh f.dia Èklg miq foieïn¾ 1 jeksod wre,dkkaoï
ksfrdaðkS kï mdi,a ±ßhlao wdá,ß fI,a m%ydrhlska ñh .sfhah' tu Èkj, meje;s uy
jeis ksid kshñ; fõ,djg l,ska mdi, jid we;' ksjig tñka isá ±ßh >d;kh lrñka
m;s; jQ wdá,ß fI,a tl" ls,sfkdÉÑfha lklmqrï m%foaYhg t,a, l< tlla úh yels
njg úYajdi flßK' fuu isÿùu iïnkaO mqj;o PdhdrEmhla iuÕ jd¾;d lf<a
fm!oa.,sl fou< mqj;am;a ;=k muKs' jd¾;d lr ;snqfKa we;=,a msgqj, l=vd mqj;la
f,ih' fuu mqj; o wod, m%foaYfha rdcH n,OdÍkaf.ka ;yjqre lr .ekSug yelshdj
;snQ mqj;ls'

hqoaOhg lsisÿ iïnkaOhla ke;s l=vd orejka thg f.dÿre ù ñh hEu ol=fKa m%foaYhl
t,aààBh úiska isÿ l< tlla jQjdkï" idudkH yeisÍu wkqj ish,q mqj;am;aj, th m<
jkafka m%Odk mqj; f,ih' úfYaIfhka isxy, udOH mqj;am;aj, we;=,a msgqj, ixfõ§
l;d m<fjhs' udkqIjd§ kS;s moaO;sh wkqjo ;ykï hqo wúhla jQ" fmdl=re fndaïnfha
úkdYldß;ajh .ek msgq .Kka ,shefjkq we;'

1'3 wdrCIs; l<dmhla fjka lsÍfuka miqj o isÿ jQ Ôú; ydks

hqo m%ydrj,g f.dÿre ù ñh hk isú,a ck;dj .ek fou< udOH mqj;am;a ^rcfha
mqj;am; yer& ksrka;rfhka jd¾;d lf<ah' isú,a ck;djg jk Ôú; ydks je<elaùu
i|yd hehs wdrCIs; l<dmhla ^hqo uqla; l<dmhla& rch úiska kï flßK' ta
iïnkaOfhka ck;dj ±kqj;a lr we;s nj isxy," bx.S%is mqj;am;aj,o jd¾;d úh' ta
i|yd uQ,dY% jQfha rcfha m%ldYlhka h' ck;djg th ikaksfõokh jQfhao ke;ao hkak
.ek ck;d uQ,dY%j,ska fidhd ne,Sula isÿ jQfha ke;' wfkla w;ska" tfia ;sìh§;a
m%ydrj,ska isú,a ck;dj ñh .sh mqj;a jd¾;d lf<a fm!oa.,sl fou< udOH mqj;am;a
;=k muKs'

2009 fmnrjdß ui 22 isg ud¾;= 01 olajd ld,h ;=< m< jQ mqj;a lsysmhlska wkdjrKh
jQ lreKq ta i|yd WodyrK fõ' isú,a jeishka 48la fI,a m%ydrj,ska ñh .sh nj" wdrCIs;
l<dmhg t,a, jQ fI,a m%ydrj,ska 44la ñh f.dia 170la ;=jd, ,nd we;s nj" wdrCIs;
l<dmfha j,{a{¾uvï iy fmdlalfkhs .ïj,g t,a, jQ fI,a m%ydrj,ska <uhska 12la
we;=¿ 32la ñh .sh nj" wdá,ß fI,a m%ydrj,ska <uhska 6la ñh f.dia 98la ;=jd, ,nd
we;s nj" fI,a m%ydrj,ska 21la ñh f.dia 53la ;=jd, ,nd we;s nj jeks f;dr;=re ta w;r
úh' fjí wvú uQ,dY% lrf.k tajd m< ù we;s nj iuyr mqj;aj, i|yka jqj;a iuyr
jd¾;dj, uQ,dY%h i|yka fldg ;snqfKa ke;' fï jk úg isú,a mßmd,k lghq;= b;d
wiSre ù ;snqKo iuyr wdrxÑ ud¾. ;yjqre lr .ekSug o yelshdjla mej;sK' úkdYhg
yd úm;g m;ajQ ixLHd fld;rï nrm;, jqjo tajd m%Odk mqj;la f,i m< lrkakg
fou< mqj;am;a o W;aidy f.k ke;' fndfyda úg m< jQfha we;=,a msgqjl mqj;la f,ih'

7
th wjodku wvq lrf.k jd¾;d lsÍug l< W;aidyhla úh yelsh' fï ;;a;ajh i,ld
ne,sh hq;af;a .egqul§ isÿjk mqoa., >d;k .ek jd¾;d ldrk idudkH iajNdjh
wkqjh' t,aààB m%ydrhlska tla wfhl= >d;kh jqj;a" fjk;a ikakoaO .egqulska ol=fKa
>d;khla isÿ jqj;a isxy, mqj;am;a we;=¿ fndfyda mqj;am;aj, uq,a mqj; fjkajkafka
idudkHfhka ta i|ydh'

wïmdr" bÕskshd.," r;au,a.y we,a," lrueáh .ïudkfha jeishka 16 fofkl= >d;kh

lrñka fmnrjdß 21 jeksod t,aààBh t,a, l< m%ydrh jd¾;d jkafkao wod, ld,h
;=<h' m%Odk mqj; we;=¿ mqj;a$úfYaIdx.$l;=jels 28la isxy, mqj;am;a ta iïnkaOfhka
m< fldg ;sìK' bx.S%is mqj;am;aj, m%Odk mqj;la we;=¿j wjia:d 8la jd¾;d ù ;snQ w;r
fou< mqj;am;aa o wjia:d 8 fjkalr § ;snqKs' fï wdldrhg t,aààBh isÿ l< njg
jd¾;d jQ isú,a jeishka b,lal lr .;a m%ydr lsysmhla iïnkaOfhkka" isxy, mqj;am;a
wdfõ.d;aulj;a" bx.S%is yd fou< mqj;am;a ;rula ÿrg iudk wdldrhlskq;a isÿùu
muKla jd¾;d lsÍug lghq;= lr ;sìK' kuq;a wdrCIs; l<dmhla fjka lsÍfuka miqj o
m%ydr ksid ñh .sh fou< jeishka .ek mqj;a m< lf<a fou< udOH mqj;am;aj, muKh'

1'4 mqÿl=äbßmamq frday,g t,a, jQ fI,a yd fmdl=re fndaïn m%ydrj,ska

frda.Ska ñh hEu
oreKq hqo .egqïj,g ueÈjQ jkaksh ;=< ls%hd;aul fjñka ;snQ mqoql=äbßmamq frday,g m%ydr
lsysmhla t,a, ù frda.Ska lsysm fofkl= ñh .sh f.dia ;snqKs' fmnrjdß ui 1 jeksod
iy 3 jeksod rd;s%fha fI,a m%ydrj,g yd fmnrjdß 04 jeksod fmdl=re fndaïn m%ydrhlg
frday, f.dÿre ù we;s nj jd¾;d jQfha fmnrjdß ui 02 isg 08 olajd i;shl ld,h
;=<§h' fuh wkdjrKh lrk ,oafoa udOHhg ms<s.; yels uQ,dY%hla jQ udkqIjd§ fiajd
imhk cd;Hka;r wdh;khla úisks' mqÿl=äbßmamq frday,g t,a, jQ fI,a m%ydr ksid
frda.Ska lsysm fofkl= ñh f.dia ;j;a lsysm fofkl= ;=jd, ,enQ nj ^urK yd ;=jd, jQ
ixLHd fjkia wdldrhg i|yka fõ'& fmnrjdß 03 jeksod uq,ska u jd¾;d lr ;snqfKa
ùrflaiÍ" ;sklal=r,a" iqv¾ T,s hk fou< mqj;am;a yd fâ,s ñr¾ bx.S%is mqj;am;ah'
ùrflaiÍ yd ;sklal=r,a th ish m%Odk mqj; f,i m< fldg ;snQ w;r iqv¾ T,s iy
fâ,s ñr¾ mqj;am;a uq,a msgqfõ mqj;a f,i m< fldg ;snqKs' tÈku wefußldfõ iy
ì%;dkHfha úfoaY wud;Hjreka l< m%ldYhla uq,a msgqfõ mqj;la f,i jd¾;d lrk zÈ
whs,kaâZ mqj;am; tys fldgila f,i frday,g t,a, jQ m%ydrh .ek i|ykla lr we;'
frdayf,a isoaêh i|yd uQ,dY%h cd;Hka;r r;= l=rei lñgqfõ ksfõokhla jqj;a urK yd
;=jd, .Kk fjkiaj i|yka fõ' WodyrK f,i fâ,s ñr¾ mqj;am; ñh .sh .Kk 9la
yd ;=jd, jQ .Kk 20la nj i|yka lrk úg isÿùu lemS fkdfmfkk f,i fjk;a
mqj;l fldgila wdldrhg m< lrk whs,kaâ mqj;amf;a i|yka jkafka urK 2la yd
;=jd, 5la jYfhks' isÿùu miqj jd¾;d l< tlu isxy, mqj;am; jQ ,xld§m mqj;amf;a
i|yka jkafka ;sfofkl= ñh f.dia oy fofkl= ;=jd, ,enQ njhs' r;= l=rei ksfõokh
uQ,dY% lr.;a zfâ,s ñr¾Z mqj; ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkfha m%ldYl
f.daâka jhsia yd cd;Hka;r r;=l=rei iudcfha fld<U m%OdkS fmda,a leiafg,d hk
uy;ajrekaf.a m%ldY ,nd f.k we;s w;r th iunr lrñka cd;sl wdrCIdj ms<sn|
udOH uOHia:dkfha wOHCI ckrd,a ,laIauka yq¿.,a, uy;do Wmqgd olajhs' Tyq lshd
we;af;a frday,g m%ydr t,a, fkdjQ nj;a frda.Ska ñh f.dia ke;s nj;ah' flfia kuq;a
fi!LH wud;HdxY f,alï iy tlai;a cd;Skaf.a m%ldYljrfhla uQ,dY% lr .ksñka fâ,s
ñr¾ mqj;am; m< l< ;j;a mqj;lska mdGl m%cdjg ;yjqre jkafka wjia:d lsysmhl§
t,a, jQ m%ydr ksid frday, ysia lsÍug isÿ ù we;s njhs' ta wkqj" frda.Ska 509la iy
fiajlhska 160la mqÿud;,ka .%dóh frday,g udre lr we;'

fï jk úg isÿùï ;yjqre lr .ekSug yels hïlsis ikaksfõokhla yd uQ,dY% hqo

l<dmh ;=< ;snQ nj ;yjqre lrñka fou< mqj;am;a foaYSh uQ,dY% lsysmhla Ndú;d fldg
we;' uq,;sõ Èia;s%la fi!LH wOHCI ffjoH ;=frhs rdcd j¾Ordcd Wmqgd olajk iqv¾ T,s

8
iy ;sklal=r,a mqj;am; jd¾;d lr we;af;a frday,g m%ydr t,a, jQfha yuqod m%foaYj,
isg njhs' ls,sfkdÉÑ Èia;s%la fi!LH wOHCI ffjoH i;HuQ¾;s uy;d uQ,dY% lr.;a
mqj;la we;=,a msgqjl m< lrk ùrflariÍ mqj;am; i|yka lf<a È.ska È.gu frday,aj,g
t,a, jk m%ydr ksid frda.Skaf.a Ôú; wk;=f¾ mj;sk njhs' fmnrjdß 03 jeksod;a t,a,
jQ oreKq fI,a m%ydrh;a iuÕ y;r j;djla frday, m%ydrj,g ,la jQ nj jd¾;d
lrkafkao fou< mqj;am;a muKs' ùrflaiÍ mqj;am; m%ydrj,g ,la jQ frdayf,a PdhdrEm
3lao 10 jk msgqfõ m< lr we;' hqoaOh ksid ck;djg jk úm;a jd¾;d lsÍfï§ yels
Wmßu W;aidyh ork fou< mqj;am;a ;j;a uQ,dY% Ndú;d lrñka frday, jid ±óu olajd
isÿùï jd¾;d lr we;' tys§ rch l< m%ldY ish,a,go wjia:d ,nd § we;' wfkla
mqj;am;aj,g fjkiaj uq,;sõ Èia;s%lalfha Wohd¾lÜgq frday,g t,a, jQ fI,a m%ydrhlska
fyÈhla we;=¿ ;sfofkla ñh f.dia cd;Hka;r r;= l=rei lñgqfõ ks,Odrshl= we;=¿ 10la
;=jd, ,nd we;s njo jd¾;d lr we;af;a ùrflaiÍ iy ;sklal=r,a mqj;am;a fol muKs'
tla isxy, mqj;am;la jQ ,laìu fuu uq,a mqj; jd¾;d fkdlr m%ydrfhka ñh .sh fyo
ks,Odßkshf.a isrer jõkshdj frday,g f.k taug ueÈy;a jk f,i r;= l=rei
lñgqfjka b,a,ñka rcfha fyo ks,OdÍkaf.a ix.ufha iNdm;sjrhd l< ksfõokhla
jd¾;d lr we;'

mqÿl=äbßmamq frday,g fI,a m%ydr t,a, jQ nj uq,au j;djg jd¾;d l< tlu mqj;am; jQ
,xld§m zzh<s;a fI,a m%ydrZZ hk wjOdrKh iys; isria;,hla fhdod ;snqKo Bg fmr
fI,a m%ydr t,a, jQ njla tu mqj;amf;a fyda fjk;a lsisÿ isxy, fyda bx.S%is mqj;am;l
jd¾;d jQfha ke;' cd;Hka;r r;= lrei lñgqfõ m%ldYsld iris úfÊr;akf.a m%ldYhla
uQ,dY% fldg .;a tu mqj;ska ;sfofkl= ñh f.dia oi fofkl= ;=jd, ,nd we;s nj m%ldY
fõ' fou< mqj;am;aj, jd¾;d jQ wdldrhg fmnrjdß ;=ka jeksod;a m%ydrhla isÿ ù we;'
fmnrjdß 4 jeksod ,xld§m mqj;am; uq,a msgqfõ mqj;la f,i zh<s;aZ hk wjOdrKh
iys;j m< lr we;af;a" fmnrjdß 01 jeksod fkdj 03 jeksod m%ydrh iïnkaO mqj; úh
yelsh' tÈk Èjhsk mqj;am; tu iud.fï bx.S%is mqj;am; fuka fjk;a mqj;l i|ykla
f,i fuu mqj; jd¾;d fldg we;' thska o isÿ ù we;af;a uq,a mqj; ms<sn| i|ykla
fkdj frday,aj,g m%ydr t,a, fkdlrK f,i iu iNdm;sjre rcfhka iy t,aààBfhka
b,a,d we;s njg jQ i|ykls' ,laìu mqj;am; o m<uq mqj; jd¾;d fkdl< w;r tu
frdayf,a frda.Ska mqÿud;,ka frday,g udre l< mqj; jd¾;d fldg we;'

uq,a mqj; jd¾;d fkdlr" tjeks isÿ ùula isÿ fkdjQ njg fyda isÿùug t,aààBh j.lsj
hq;= njg flreKq m%ldY iy tjeks ;j;a mqj;a rcfha m%ldYlhka uQ,dY% lr .ksñka
ish¨ u mqj;am;aj, wvq jeä jYfhka m< úh' rcfha udOH mqj;am;aj, uq,a mqj; lsisÿ
wdldrhlska jd¾;d fkdjQ w;r m< jQfha thg ±lajQ rcfha m%;spdr muKs'

mqÿl=äbßmamq frday,g fmnrjdß ui 4 jeksod fmdl=re fndaïn fy<d we;s nj fmnrjdß 5

jeksod jd¾;dlr ;snqfKa o uq,ska lS fou< mqj;am;a ;=k iy fâ,s ñr¾ mqj;am; muKs'
;sklal=r,a" iqv¾T,s iy fâ,s ñr¾ mqj;am;a uq,a msgqfõ mqj;a f,i;a ùrflaiÍ fojeks
msgqfõ mqj;la f,i;a th jd¾;d lr ;snqKs' ish,a,g u uQ,dY%h ù ;snqfKa tlai;a
cd;Skaf.a m%ldYl f.daâka jhsia uy;d h' isxy, udOH fï iïnkaO uq,a mqj;la m<
fkdl< w;r ÈkñK mqj;am; m< lr we;s tlu mqj; jkafka" fmdl=re fndaïn fy¨
njg tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkh l< m%ldYh .ek tu ixúOdkh lK.dgqj m< l<
njg rÔj úfÊisxy uy;d l< m%ldYhla muKs'

flfia jqj;a fuu mqj;aj,g uQ,dY% ù ;snqfKa ms<s.;a cd;Hka;r udkqIjd§ fiajd imhk
wdh;k yd mqoa.,hka h' tfyhska uQ,dY% úYajdi lghq;=" ms<s.; yels tajd úh' fuu
isÿùïj,ska miq i;sfha tla i;s wka; mqj;am;la jQ rdjh jd¾;d lf<a r;= l=reihg
wj;eka l|jqre ;ykï lr we;s njhs' tfukau furgg meñKSug iQodkï r;= l=rei
ks,OdÍka 15 fofkl=f.a ùid m%;sfCIam l< nj o tu i;sh ;=< jd¾;d úh' flfia jqj;a
fuhska myeÈ,s jQfha hqoaOh ;=< m%ydr t,a, fkdúh hq;= ia:dkj,g m%ydr t,a, jk nj
yd fou< ck;djg úYd, ydks isÿ jk njhs' wfkla w;g fou< mqj;am;aj,g mßndysrj

9
tjeks nrm;, udkqIjd§ .eg¿jla bx.S%is iy isxy, mqj;am;l ^;j;a lsysmhl l=vd
i|yka f,i& jd¾;d jQ tlu wjia:dj o úh' tu jd¾;d ùu n,OdÍkaf.a l<n, ùug
fya;= ù we;s wdldrh Tjqka ksl=;a l< ksfõokj,ska meyeÈ,s fõ' ms<s.; yels
uQ,dY%hlska ,enqKo miqj tu mqj;a jd¾;d lsÍug fou< mqj;am;a yer wfklajd Wkkaÿ
ù ke;' fya;=j m<uq jd¾;dlrKhg n,OdÍka ±lajQ m%;spdr fyda ch.%dyS hqo
udkisl;ajhla rg ;=< jeä j¾Okh ùu fyda úh yelsh'

1'5 kjkSoka ms,af,a l< wkdjrKh

hqoaOh ksid jkaksfha isú,a ck;djg isÿjk Ôú; ydks úkdYhka wjOdrKh lrñka
tlai;a cd;Skaf.a udkj ysñlï ms<sn| uy flduidßia kjkSoka ms,af,a uy;añh ud¾;= 13
jeksod ksfõokhla lr ;snqKs' rch uÕska fjka l< hqo uqla; l<dmhg ksrka;rfhka
fI,a m%ydr t,a, jk nj;a" .egqïj,g ueÈjQ jeishka 2800la ñh f.dia we;s nj;a" ;j;a
7000la muK ;=jd, ,nd we;s nj;a tu ksfõokfha i|yka ù we;' Bg wu;rj isú,a
jeishka 1"80000la muK isrù isák nj;a" ck;dj n,y;aldrfhka hqo l<dmh ;=< r|jd
.ekSug t,aààBh W;aidy lsÍu udkj ysñlï W,a,x>Kh lsÍula nj;a" wdydr" fnfy;a
wd§ uQ,sl wjYH;d fkdue;sj fuu ck;dj ÿla ú¢k nj;a thska fy<sorõ lr we;'
jkaksfha ck;djg isÿ jk úm;a jd¾;d lsÍug fuu ksfõokh uQ,dY%hla f,i .; yels
jqj;a tla isxy, mqj;am;la muKla thska tla l=vd mqj;la m< fldg ;sìK' ta iuÕ ta
yd iudk bvlska thg tfryssj rch l< m%ldYhla o m< fldg ;sìK' i;s wka;
mqj;am;la jQ rdjh mqj;amf;a ;Sre ,smshlska ms,af,a uy;añhf.a m%ldYh mokï lr f.k
jkaksfha ck;djf.a fÄojdplh ms<sn| úuiSula lrhs' flfia kuq;a" ud¾;= 16 isg 22
olajd ld,h ;=< isxy, mqj;am;aj, fuu ksfõokh mokï lr.;a mqj;a$úfYaIdx. 29la
m< ù ;snqKs' thska wjia:d 24lau fjkaù ;snqfKa iDcqju tu m%ldYhg tfrysj l<
m%ldY i|ydh' kjkSoka ms,af,a uy;añhg nrm;, fpdaokd t,a, lsÍu tu úfrdaO;d
m%ldYj,ska isÿ ù we;' óg miqo YS% ,xldfõ wj;eka jQjkaf.a .eg¿ .ek woyia m< l<
cd;Hka;r mqoa.,hkag l< wdldrhgu" wehg wmydi jk wdldrhg" cd;sjd§ yeÕSï we;s
lrk wdldrhg NdIdj Ndú;d lr ;snqKs' zzudkj ysñlï fldñiug fndre jd¾;djla -
l=uka;%Kh msgqmi àwd¾´ f,dlaflla" ms,af,af.a m%ldYh idjoHhs" flduidßia fkdakd
fndre lsh,d" YS% ,xldjg hqo wmrdO fpdaokd t,a, lsÍu kj;kqZZ jeks isria;, hgf;a
fuu úfrdaO;d m%ldY m< fldg ;sìK' úfYaIh jkafka fuu úfrdaO;d h<s h<s;a m< lr
we;af;a ksfõokh iïnkaO uq,a mqj; m< fkdl< mqj;am;a ùuh'

wod, ld,h ;=< mqj;a m%udKh w;ska isxy, udOHhg iudk f,i fou< mqj;am;aj,
jd¾;d 25la m< ù ;snqKs' rcfha fou< mqj;am; yer wfkla mqj;am;a ;=k u uq,a mqj;
jd¾;d lr miqj rcfha iy wfkl=;a hqojd§ md¾Yajj,ska l< m%ydr jd¾;d lsÍu fuys§
olakg ,enqKq úfYaI;ajhhs' wfkla w;g kjkSoka ms,af,af.a ksfõokfha wvx.= jq
lreKq jeä jYfhka jd¾;d lr ;snqfKao fou< udOH mqj;am;ah' mqj;am;a ixLHdj wkqj"
wfkla udOH folg iudk f,i bx.S%is mqj;am;aj, o mqj;a 18la m< ù ;snqKs' mqj;am;a
folla ksfõokfha f;dr;=re iy rcfha m%;spdrh we;=<;a mqj;a jd¾;d lr we;' ;j;a
úfYaIdx. 4lska tu ksfõokh mokï lrf.k jkaksfha ;;a;ajh .ek úuiSula lrhs'
m< ù we;s ldgQka ;=klska u m%ldY jkafka ms,af,a uy;añhf.a m%ldYh iïnkaOfhka
mqj;am;aj, úfrdaOhhs' fâ,s ñr¾ mqj;am; mqj; yd thg m%;spdr jd¾;d lrñka hïlsis
iunr njla fmkaùug W;aidy f.k we;' kuq;a iuia;hla f,i lemS fmkqfka
jkaksfha ck;djg úm;a isÿ ùu je<elaùug n,mEï l< yels jd¾;dlrKhla i|yd
fuu isÿùu mdol lr .ekSu fkdj" tjeks foa isÿ fkdjk w;r YS% ,xldjg tfrysj
cd;Hka;r l=uka;%Khla mj;sk njg úYd, wdkafoda,khla ujd mEug yels
jd¾;dlrKhla lsÍuh'

10
1'6 iyk fiajlhl= m%ydrj,ska ñh hEu
hqoaOhg ueÈ jQ idudkH ck;dj muKla fkdj" tu ck;djg udkqIjd§ fiajd iemhQ
iyk fiajlhskag" ffjoHjrekag yd fi!LH fiajlhskag o hqoaOfhka úm;a isÿ úh' hqo
.egqï mj;sk jkaks m%foaYfha ck;djg wjYH iyk fiajd iemhSug ls%hd l< tlu
udkqIjd§ fiajd wdh;kh jQ cd;Hka;r r;= l=rei ixúOdkfha fiajlhl= m%ydrhlg ,la
ùfuka ñh hEu bka tl WodyrKhls' Tyq ñh .sfha fI,a m%ydrhlg ,la ùfuka nj
iuyr jd¾;dj, i|yka jQ w;r ;j;a jd¾;dj,ska wkdjrKh jQfha fndaïn m%ydrhlska
ñh .sh njhs' flfia fyda fuu iyk fiajlhdf.a urKh jd¾;d lrkakg uQ,dY%hla
;sìK' cd;Hka;r r;= l=rei ixúOdkfhka ksl=;a l< ksfõokh tu uQ,dY%hhs' kuq;a
isxy, Èkm;d mqj;am;a y;frka tla mqj;am;la muKla l=vd jd¾;djla m< lr ;sìK'
Bg wu;rj bßod isxy, mqj;am;lao fuu mqj;a jd¾;d lr ;sìK' rcfha mqj;am; yer
fou< mqj;am;a ^;=kla& iy bx.S%is mqj;am;a ^folla& l=vd jd¾;d f,i isÿùu jd¾;d lr
;snqKs' wfkla úfYaI;ajh jkafka" bßod Èk tla bx.S%is mqj;am;la isÿùu tla jd¾;djla
f,i;a ;j;a úfYaIdx.hlska iyk fiajlhka uqyqK § we;s wjodku .ek;a idlÉPdjla
lr ;sîuhs' th" fï ld,h ;=< udkqIjd§ mqj;a jd¾;dldrKh ;=< olskakg ,enqKq wyUq
jd¾;dlrKhls' hqoaOh ;=< ck;djg isÿjk úm;aj, ;ru .ek is;d n,kakg idCIshla
f,i ;uka w;g ,enqKq mqj;a uQ,dY%h" rcfha mqj;am;a yd b;sß mqj;am;a uq¿ukskau
fkd;ld yer we;'

>d;kfha jro lsisÿ md¾Yajhlg b,lal fkdjk f,i ish¨ u jd¾;d bÈßm;a ù we;'
r;= l=rei ix.ufha ksfõokhla uQ,dY% lrf.k jd¾;dj ilia l<o" ñh .sh iyk
fiajlhdf.a ku jäfõ,a úchl=ud¾ f,i isxy, mqj;am;a jd¾;dj,go" fla úchrdid
f,i fou< yd bx.S%is mqj;am;a jd¾;dj,go we;=<;a ù ;sîu m%YakldÍh' 1997 isg r;=
l=reih iuÕ iyk fiajlhl= fiajh l<" hdmkfha w,fjÜá .fï Wmka fuu iyk
fiajlhd iuÕ m%ydrhg ,lajQ Tyqf.a 09 yeúßÈ mq;d o nrm;, ;=jd, iys;j mqÿud;,ka
ffjoH uOHia:dkhg we;=,a lr we;s nj tu l=vd jd¾;d lsysmfhka wkdjrKh lr
;snqKs' Tyq ñh f.dia ;snqfKa 2009 ud¾;= ui 04 jeksodh' Èkm;d mqj;am;aj, th jd¾;d
jQfha ud¾;= 6 jeksodh' ta jk úg ud¾;= ui 3 jeksod mdlsia:dkfha" ,dfyda¾ kqjr§ YS%
,xld ls%lÜ lKavdhug t,a, jQ ;%ia;jd§ m%ydrhg wod, mqj;aj,g ish¨ u udOHj,
m%uqL;dj ,eî ;sìK'

ls%lÜ lKavdhu m%ydrhg ,lajQ ud¾;= ui 03 jeksod isg 06 jeksod olajd Èk y;rl
ld,h ;=< f,dal lS%vd fCIa;%h ii, l< tu mqj;g b;d úYd, bvlvla fjkaù ;sìK'
m%Odk isria;, 7la we;=<;a ishhlg wdikak jd¾;d .Kkla isxy, mqj;am;aj,skq;a
m%Odk isria;, 06la we;=¿ jd¾;d 95la fou< mqj;am;aj,skq;a" m%Odk isria;, 4la we;=¿
jd¾;d 89la bx.S%is mqj;am;aj,skq;a bÈßm;a ù ;sìK' fuu mqj;a jd¾;d lsÍfï§ úúO
mqoa.,hkaf.a woyia" úpdr fukau ú.%yhka o ,nd f.k we;' ls%lÜ lS%vlhka wdmiq
meñKs miq iuyr lS%vlhkaf.a woyia o ,nd .ksñka h<s h<s;a isÿ ùu jd¾;d lr we;'

2' t,aààBh úiska isÿ l< Ôú; ydks jd¾;d lsÍu

2'1' m<d tk ck;dj b,lal fldg t,a, l< m%ydr
f;dr;=re wkdjrKh fjoa§ yd ikd: lr .ekSug uQ,dY% fidhd .; yelsj ;sìh§;a
hqoaOh ksid úkdYhg m;ajk ck;dj .ek jd¾;d lsÍu uÕ yeßh udOH" tu hqo l<dmh
;=<§u m<d tk isú,a jeishkag t,aààBh l< m%ydrhka ksrka;rfhka jd¾;d lf<ah'
mqÿl=äbßmamq frday,g t,a, l< fI,a yd fmdl=re fndaïn m%ydr .ek ksYaÑ;j cd;Hka;r
udkqIjd§ fiajd wdh;k f;dr;=re wkdjrKh l< fyhska tla bx.S%is yd isxy,

11
mqj;am;l o th th idOdrK f,i jd¾;d jqj;a wfkl=;a isú,a ck Ôú; úkdYhka
jd¾;d jQfha fou< mqj;am;aj, muKs' NdId udOH ;=kg u wh;a rcfha mqj;am;aj,ska
tajdg lsisÿ bvla ,eî ;snqfKa ke;' kuq;a t,aààBh l< m%ydrhka .ek mqk mqkd jd¾;d
lrk ,oafoa rcfha mqj;am;a fukau uQ,dY% uÕ yßk wfkla isxy, yd bx.S%is mqj;am;ah'
tfukau m%ydrj,g b,lal jk f,i t,aààBh úiska fou< ck;dj wdrCIl m<syla
f,i ;nd f.k isák njo rcfha m%ldY Wmqgd olajñka ksrka;rfhka jd¾;d úh' fou<
mqj;am;a we;=¿ wfkla mqj;am;a o rcfha n,OdÍka úiska ,nd fok fuu mqj;a jd¾;d
lf<ah'
jkaksfha isg m<d tk jeishka msßila b,lal fldg t,aààBh t,a, l< m%ydrj,ska
ckjdß 9 jeksod y;a fofkl= >d;kh jQ mqj; ish¨ Èkm;d mqj;am;aj, jd¾;d ù ;sîu
tla WodyrKhls' fjä je§ ñh .sh wh oud Ôú; fírd f.k meñKs whf.a m%ldY o tu
mqj;aj,g we;=<;a úh' uqreiqfudaÜfÜ m%foaYfha§ ;ukag fjä ;enQ nj Tjqka m%ldY fldg
;sìK' Bg miq i;sfha o isxy, mqj;am;aj, fuu mqj; jd¾;d úh' uq,;sõ" úYajuvq yd
O¾umqrï m%foaYj,ska m<d tk jeishkag tfia fjä ;nd we;s nj;a" lïmkh yd ;=jd,
ksid 46 fofkla frday,a.; l< nj;a tu jd¾;dj,ska úia;r úh' rcfha m%ldYlhka
fukau ck;djf.a m%ldY uQ,dY% fldg f.k tajd jd¾;d lr ;snqKo hqoaOh wjika jQ
miqj o ckudOHhg jõkshdfõ wj;eka wj;eka jQjka fj; f.dia Tjqkaf.a m%ldY ,nd
f.k jd¾;d lsÍug wjir fkd,eìK' tfyhska jvd leue;af;ka jvd m%uqL;djhlska
jd¾;d lrk ,o wj;eka ckhdf.a fuu m%ldY" udOH fj; ,nd § we;af;a rcfha
n,OdÍka$wdrCIl yuqod úisks' wvq jeä ùï ;snqK;a ish¨ jd¾;d iudk úh' m< jQ
PdhdrEm o iudk úh'

Èkm;d isxy, mqj;am;a y;r u uq,a msgqfõ fuu mqj; jd¾;d fldg we;' ,laìu mqj;am;
mqj; jvd ixfõ§ lsÍu i|yd isria;,hg zwjqreÿ ;=kl orejl=;a ta w;rZ hk úfYaIKh
tla fldg we;' t,aààBh flfrys ffjÍ yeÕSula we;s lrñka hqoaOh idOdrKSlrKh
lsÍu wruqKq lr.;a NdIdjlska t,aààBh úiska idudkH ck;dj >d;kh lsÍu jd¾;d
l< lsisÿ isxy, yd bx.S%is mqj;am;la hqo .egqïj,g ueÈ ù úYd, f,i >d;kh jk
idudkH ck;dj .ek mqj;a m< lf<a ke;'

fou< udOH mqj;am;a y;r o mqj; jd¾;d fldg we;' ;sklal=r,a yd iqv¾ T,s mqj;am;a
iDcqju t,aààBh l< nj m%ldY fkdlrhs' m<d tk ck;djg l< fjä ;eîu yuqodj
úiska l< nj t,aààBh m%ldY lrk nj;a" t,aààBh l< nj yuqodj m%ldY lrk nj;a
tu fjkia meyeÈ,s lsÍuhs' Èkm;d bx.S%is mqj;am;aj,ska fâ,s ñr¾ iy fâ,s ksjqia
mqj;am;a isÿùu wfkl=;a udOHhg iudk f,i jd¾;d lr we;' rcfha i;s wka; bx.S%is
mqj;am; jQ Tíij¾ mqj;amf;a o mqj; jd¾;d fõ'

hqoaOh meje;s ld,h ;=< t,aààBh úiska lrk ,±hs m%ldY jQ fujeks isÿùï /ila jd¾;d
úh' fou< ck;djg hqoaOh ksid isÿ jQ ysßyer f,i isxy, bx.S%is mqj;am;aj, jd¾;d
jQfha tajd muKh' ful, m<jQ hqo mqj;a fukau hqo l<dmh yd wj;eka ck;dj iïnkaO
ish¨ mqj;a wod, n,OdÍka úiska wkqu; l< tajd úh' tfyhska hï hï wvq jeä ùï yd
jeä W¨mamd ±laùï ;snqKo uQ,sl mqj; fndfyda ÿrg iudk úh' iunr fyda jvd jD;a;Sh
ksmqK;djhlska ls%hd lrk mqj;am;a mjd tajd m< lrk ,oafoa fojeks uQ,dY%hlska ikd:
lsÍula$meyeÈ,s lsÍula fkdue;sjh'

2'2 wfkl=;a m%foaYj, lrk ,o >d;k

jirl ld,h ;=< jkaksfha oreKq hqo .egqï w;f¾ rfÜ wfkl=;a m%foaY lsysmhl
urdf.k uefrK fndaïn" .=jka m%ydr yd .eñhka >d;k lsysmhla isÿ úh' úfYaI hqo
ch.%yK ,nd .;a Èkj, isÿ jQ iuyr isÿùï jd¾;dlrKh hqo ch.%yKj,g hgm;a ù
.sfhah' kuq;a wju jYfhka tajd uq,a msgqfõ fyda B<Õ msgqfõ mqj;a f,i jd¾;d lrkakg
W;aidy f.k ;sìK' t,aààBhg tfrys y~ W;aikak jk wdldrhg tajd jd¾;d l<;a"

12
hqo ch.%yKfha mS%;shg ndOdjla lrkakg wlue;s jQ wdldrhla fmkajñka iuyr
mqj;am;a tajd fjk;a msgqjlg fhduq lr ;sìK' tjeks W;al¾Ij;a fkdjk wjia:dj, isÿ
jQ isÿùï jd¾;d lsÍfï§ W;=f¾ isÿùï jd¾;d lsÍfï§ fuka fkd;ld yeÍula" uQ,dY% uÕ
yeÍula ìh ùula olskakg ,enqfKa ke;' fujeks m%ydr iïnkaO mqj;a" n,OdÍka úiska
wkqu; fldg ,nd ÿka tajd nj fmfkkakg fkd;sìK' ta ta mqj;am;g wjYH wdldrhg
tajd jd¾;d jQ w;r" tajd ksh; jYfhkau t,aààBhg tfrys u;hla f.dv k.kakg yels
tajd neúka rcfha ueÈy;a ùula wjYH jQ njla fmfkkakg ;snqfKa ke;'

wïmdr lrueáh .ïudkfha f.dúhka 16 la >d;kh lsÍu ^fmnrjdß 21&" ;S%l=Kdu,

Èia;s%lalfha fiare kqjr" foysj;a;" lrfla .ïudkfha fyaka f.dúhka 5 fofkl= >d;kh
lsÍu ^ud¾;=24&" ud;r wl=/iai f.dvmsáh cqïud uqia,sï m,a,sh wi,§ urdf.k uefrK
fndaïnhla mqmqrd 14la ñh f.dia msßila ;=jd, ,eîu ^;=jd, jQ ixLHdj 30 isg 61 olajd
fjkiaj i|yka fõ& ^ud¾;=10&" je,slkao ueKslafoKsh m%foaYfha f.dhï md.ñka isá
f.dúhka 4 fofkl= >d;kh jeks isÿùï ner jQfha t,aààBhg h' hqo ch.%yK úfYaI
jYfhka jd¾;d fkdlrK úg§ tajd jd¾;d jQfha b;d ixfõ§ yd m%uqL;djhlsks' WodyrK
f,i lrfla .ïudkfha f.dùka >d;kh lsÍu jd¾;d lsÍu i|yd m%Odk mqj;la
l;=jelshla we;=¿ jd¾;d 9la isxy, mqj;am;a fjkalr ;snqKs' fou< mqj;am;aj, jd¾;d
5la iy bx.S%is mqj;am;aj, jd¾;d 4la ta i|yd fjkalr ;sìK' isxy, mqj;am;a Èú
fírd.;a f.dúhkaf.a m%ldY we;=<;a ixfõ§ úfYaIdx. iys;j jvd wdfõ.YS,Sj jd¾;d
lr we;s w;r fou< iy bx.S%is mqj;am;a fujeks wjia:dj, mqj; jd¾;d lsÍug muKla
iSud ùu olskakg ,enqK úfYaIhls' fujeks isÿùï jd¾;d lsÍfï§ iDcqju tajd t,aààBh
úiska isÿ l< nj" fndfyda mqj;am;a jd¾;d l<;a iuyr fou< yd bx.S%is mqj;am;a
kd÷kk wdhqO ikakoaO lKavdhula l< nj m%ldY lr we;'

cqïud m,a,sh wi, fndaïn msmsÍu jd¾;d lsÍfï§ miqod Èkm;d mqj;am;a ish,a, u ish
m%Odk mqj; f,i th jd¾;d lf<ah' PdhdrEm iuÕ úia;r we;=,a msgqj, m< úh' isxy,
udOH mqj;am;a iqmqreÿ wdfõ.YS,S wdldrfhka fou< iy bx.S%is mqj;am;aj,g fjkiaj
úYd, bv m%udKhla fjka lr ;snqKs' isxy, yd fou<" bx.S%is mqj;am;a w;r tu fjki
tjeks fndfyda isÿùï jd¾;d lsÍfï§ iudk úh'

3' hqo ch.%yK jd¾;d lsÍu

3'1 ls,sfkdÉÑ ch.%yKj,g hg jQ ñksia Ôú;
jkaks fufyhqfï m<uq m%Odk ch.%yKh jQ ls,sfkdÉÑ k.rh w;am;a lr .ekSfï mS%;sh
ckjdß 03 jeksod jd¾;d jQfha mqj;am;a msgq w;ßka r;s[a[d msmsfrK ch.%dyS
wdldrhlsks' ch.%yKh ksfõokh l< jydu rg mqrd r;s[a[d m;a;= úh' ckjdß 02od
tu ch.%yKh ksfõokh lr mehlska fld<U .=jka yuqod l|jqr wi, laf,afuda
fndaïnhla mqmqrd hEfuka fofofkl= ñh f.dia 37 fofkl= ;=jd, ,enQjo miqod
mqj;am;aj, m%Odk mqj; iy uq,a msgqfõ jeä bv m%udKhla fjkajQfha hqo ch.%yKh
jd¾;d lsÍu i|ydh' mqj;am;aj, ;j;a msgq lsysmhla jeä úia;r iy PdhdrEm jd¾;dj,g
fjkaù ;sìK' ;j;a Èk ;=kla muK m%Odk isria;," úfYaIdx. msgq" ldgQka" l;=jels
wdÈh i|yd f;aud jQfha ls,sfkdÉÑ ch.%yKh iy tys mS%;sh N=la;s ú¢ wdldrhhs' hqo
ch.%yKj,g wod, úYd, isria;, yd PdhdrEmj,g jeiS .sh mqj;la f,i jqj;a ish¨ u
mqj;am;a fndaïn msmsÍu iïnkaOfhka jd¾;d fldg ;sìK'

ls,sfkdÉÑh ch.;a Èkg miq Èk tkï" ckjdß 03 jeksod fld<U r;= m,a,sh wi, o
fndaïn msmsÍula isÿ úh' ;sfofkl= ;=jd, ,nd f.dvke.s,s yd jdyk lsysmhlg w,dN
ydks isÿ l< fuu msmsÍu o hqo ch.%yKj,g hg ù .sh mqj;la jqj;a i;sfha mqj;am;a
lsysmhla th jd¾;d lr ;sìK' tla isxy, mqj;am;la" bx.S%is mqj;am;a y;rla yd fou<
mqj;am;a folla uq,a msgqfõ mqj;la f,i jd¾;d lr ;sìK'

13
hqoaOh ch .ekSu i|yd t,a, l< .=jka yd fI,a m%ydrj,ska ck;dj ñh .sh isÿùï
lsysmhla u fuu Èk lsysmh ;=< fou< mqj;am;aj, jd¾;d úh' tu mqj;am;a tajd jd¾;d
lr we;af;a" hqo ch.%yK yd fld<U fndaïn msmsÍï .ek wfkl=;a mqj;am;a fukau
jd¾;d lr ;sìh§h' hqo ch.%yK w;f¾ jqj fndaïn m%ydr .ek jd¾;d lrk isxy, yd
bx.S%is mqj;am;a" W;=f¾ ck;djg isÿjk ysßyer lsisjla u jd¾;d fkdlrhs' Èk 4la ;=<
t,a, jQ .=jka yd fI,a m%ydrj,ska zz20la ñh f.dia 78la ;=jd, ,nd we;s nj" jÜglalÉÑ"
O¾umqrï m%foaYj,g t,a, jQ fI,a m%ydrj,ska 7la ñh .sh nj" jkakshg hk mdr jid
we;s ksid O¾umqrï frdayf,a frda.shl= ñh .sh nj" uk,dre m%foaYfha fI,a m%ydrhlska
mshl= ñh f.dia mq;=g nrm;, njZZ jeks mqj;a fuu ld,h ;=< fou< mqj;am;a jd¾;d
lr ;snqKs' .=jka m%ydrj,ska ;=jd, jQ msßia frday,aj,g f.k hk PdhdrEmo tla
mqj;am;l úh' ls,sfkdÉÑh uqod .ekSfï i;=g iurK w;f¾ jkaksfha ck;dj úkdY
jk wdldrh;a" frday,a f.dvke.s,sj,g m%ydr t,a, ù we;s nj;a" ta w;f¾ fld<U
fou< ck;dj ;=ka jeks jrg;a fmd,Sisj, ,shdmÈxÑ ùu i|yd È. fmda,sïj, ria;shdÿ jQ
wdldrh;a úpdrhg ,la l< l;=jelshlao iqv¾ T,s mqj;am; m< fldg ;sìK' tjeks
keUqrejlska l;=jelshla ,sùu wfkl=;a mqj;am;aj, ìh fyda iajhx jdrKh fyda
wNsfhda.hg ,la lrkakla fjhs' tajdfha keUqrej m%Yak lrkaklao fjhs' ck;djg isÿjQ
ysßyer .ek wkdjrKh jQ tlu wjia:dj jQfha ÈkñK ^rcfha& mqj;amf;a m< jQ iïuqL
idlÉPdjls' iïuqL idlÉPdj lr we;af;a flfy<sh rUqlaje,a, wud;Hjrhd iuÕh'
rcfha fkdjk ixúOdkj,g m%ydrhla f,ig udOHfõÈhd weiQ m%Yakhlg ms<s;=re fok
weue;sjrhd mjid we;af;a fïid úYd, fufyhqul§ ñh f.dia we;af;a isú,a ck;dj
ishhla muK njhs' urK fu;rï wju ùu f,dal jd¾;djla úh yelshehs Tyq mjid
we;' rchg jdis iy.; wdldrhg l< wkdjrKhla jqj;a thska Tjqka fkd±kqj;aju
isú,a ck;djf.a Ôú; ydks jk nj ms<s.kS'

isú,a ck;djf.a wdrCIdjg uq,a ;ek § hqo fufyhqï lrk njg ckdêm;sjrhd yskaÿ
mqj;am;g l< m%ldYhla l=vd mqj;la f,iska Èkm;d bx.S%is mqj;am;a ;=k u jd¾;d fldg
we;' óg wu;rj jkaksfha isg rcfha yuqod fj; Ndr ùug m<d tk ck;djg
t,aààBfhka isÿ jQ ysßyer yd t,aààBh Tjqkg ÿka jo ysxid .ek jd¾;d lsysmhlao
isxy, yd bx.S%is mqj;am;a lsysmhl m< fjhs'

ckjdß 9 w,suxlv w,a,d .ekSu" ckjdß 25 uq,;sõ k.rh w,a,d .ekSu" úYd, hqo
WmlrK$wú wdhqO f;d. w,a,d .ekSu yd miqj ,nd .;a ish¨ hqo ch.%yK jd¾;d lf<a
o úYd, m%uqL;djhlsks' jkaks fufyhqfï m<uq m%Odk ch.%yKh jQ ls,sfkdÉÑ
ch.%yKh fjkqfjka isxy, udOH mqj;am;a ;=kla úfYaI w;sf¾l mqj;am;g tla fldg
;snQ kuq;a bx.S%is yd fou< mqj;am;a tjeks úfYaI w;sf¾l m< lf<a ke;' tu mqj;am;a
ch.%yKhg wod, ish¨ f;dr;=re jd¾;d l< w;r fou< mqj;am;aj, ta i|yd fjkajQ
bv m%udKh bx.S%is mqj;am;aj,g ;rula wvqh' kuq;a rcfha isxy, mqj;am; fukau
bx.S%is yd fou< mqj;am;aj, o úYd, bvlvla fjka lr ;sîu lemS fmfka'

4' wj;eka ckhdg n,mE iajNdúl jHik .ek jd¾;dlrKh

2008 fkdjeïn¾ ui Èjhsk mqrd uy jeis weo ye¨Ks' m<uqj tu jeiai n,mEfõ W;=re
m%foaYhgh' úYd, u ydksh jQfha ta jkúg nrm;, hqo .egqï meje;s jkakshgh' jkakshg
wh;a ls,sfkdÉÑ Èia;s%lalfha uq¿ ck.ykh jQ 2"19878ka 1"74979la o" uq,;sõ Èia;s%lalfha
uq¿ ck.ykh jQ 2"59293ka 1"97103la o Tlaf;dan¾ udih w. jk úg hqoaOh ksid
wj;ekaj isáhy' mdi,a" m,a,s" fjk;a fmdÿ ia:dk fyda ;djld,sl l+vdrïj, TjQyQ Ôj;a
jQfha wdydr" c,h" fnfy;a" we÷ï yd ikSmdrCIl myiqlï fkdue;sj b;d ÿCÅ;
;;a;ajfhka nj fou< udOH mqj;am;a muKla È.ska È.gu jd¾;d lrñka isáfhah' tjeks
;;a;ajhla ;=< weo ye¨Kq uy jeiai W;=re m<d;g jir 30lg miq weoye¨Kq oreKq;u

14
jeiai njg jd¾;d úh' tu jeiafika wj;eka jQjkag fukau ta jk úg ksjdij, Ôj;a jQ
úYd, msßilg;a wj;eka jkakg isÿ úh'

iajdNdúl jHik iïnkaO ixfõ§ l;d udOHj,ska ksoyfia jd¾;d fõ' kuq;a uq,ska
W;=re kef.kysr úm;g m;a lrñka weo ye¨kq jeiafika ck;dj úm;g m;aùu .ek
uq,skau jd¾;d lrk ,oafoa fm!oa.,sl fou< udOH mqj;am;a ;=khs' fkdjeïn¾ 25
jeksod jd¾;d jQ tu mqjf;a i|yka jQfha ;S%l=Kdu,h Èia;s%lalhg j¾Idj n,mE
wdldrhhs' 26 jeks Èk jkaksh fukau hdmkh" ukakdru iy kef.kysr m<df;a m%foaY
lsysmhla .xj;=frka mSvdjg m;a ù we;s wdldrh fou< mqj;am;a y;r u jd¾;d lr we;'
thska rcfha udOH mqj;am; jkaksfha .xj;=r wu;l lr wfkla m%foaYj,g th n,md
we;s wdldrh jd¾;d lr we;' .xj;=r ksid jkaksfha wj;eka ckhd h<s wj;eka ù we;s
wdldrh PdhdrEm iys;j m%:u jrg fy<sorõ lrk ,oafoa fkdjeïn¾ 27 jeksod m< jQ
ùrflaiÍ iy ;sklal=r,a mqj;am;a h' rcfha fou< udOH mqj;am; jQ ;sklrka uy jeis
.ek fuÈko i|yka lr we;;a jkaksfha ck;djg jQ úm; .ek i|yka lsÍu uÕ yer
we;'

isxy, iy bx.S%is udOH mqj;am;a c,.e,au .ek uq,skau jd¾;d lrk ,oafoa 27 jeksodh'
hqoaOh ksid úm;g m;a ù isá jkaksfha ck;djg c,.e,au n,mE wdldrh .ek úfYaI
wjOdkhla olakg ;snqfKa ke;' c,.e,afuka hgjQ jkaksfha PdhdrEmhla m< lr
;snqfKa ,xld§m mqj;am; muKs' fowdldr jHikhlg f.dÿre jQ ck;dj .ek woyila
m< lrkakg fkdj c,.e,afï ;ru lshkakg th Wmfhda.S lr f.k ;snqKs' Bg wu;rj
isxy, yd bx.S%is udOH lsysmhla u uy jeis ueo fufyhqïj, fhfok yuqod lKavdhï
olajk PdhdrEm m< lrñka igfka úia;r jd¾;d fldg ;sìK' fï jk úg o" udOHhg
wjYH f;dr;=re ,nd .kakg yels ikaksfõokhla ls%hd;aul úh'

5' hqo ld,h ;=< wj;eka ck;dj .ek jd¾;dlrKh

5'1 jkaksh ;=< wj;eka ckhdf.a wjYH;d
wj;eka ckhdg wjYH w;HdjYH wdydr yd we֕ me<֕ hjk nj i|yka mqj;a
ksrka;rfhka m< úh' ta w;r bkaÈhdfjka tjk ,o wdydr md¾i,a fnod §u .eko
jd¾;d úh' jkakshg heùu i|yd iQodkï l< f,dß yd tajdg nvq mgjk wdldrh
iïnkaO PdhdrEm iys; jd¾;d mqj;am;aj, m< úh' tajd" wdydr yd fnfy;a hjk njg
l< rcfha n,OdÍkaf.a m%ldY úh' PdhdrEm jkaksfhka fumsg§ .kakd ,o tajd úh' tajd
ck;djg ,enqKdo ke;ao" tajd m%udKj;ao ke;ao" wfkl=;a wjYH;d fudkjdo hkak
.ek jd¾;d jQfha ke;' kuq;a Tjqkg m%udKj;a wdydr" c,h" fnfy;a" ffjoH myiqlï
wd§ uQ,sl wjYH;d fkdue;s nj" ,enqK wdydr j¾. lsysmhlg muKla iSud ù we;s nj"
wdydr fõ,la ilid .ekSug wjYH t<j¿" w," Ækq" fmd,a wd§ lsisjla fkd,efnk nj
jd¾;d lf<a fou< udOH mqj;am;a muKs' hqoaOh W;aikak jk úg lsisÿ iemhqï ud¾.hla
fkdue;sj ck;dj id.skafkka f,v ÿlska mSvd ú¢k nj jd¾;d lf<a fou< mqj;am;a
muKs' fou< foaYmd,k{hka" bka§h foaYmd,k{hka" cd;Hka;r iyk fiajd
m%ldYlhka" fjí wvú ta i|yd uQ,dY% fldg f.k ;sìK'

wj;eka ckhd iïnkaOfhka m< jQ mqj;aj,ska jeä jYfhka wkdjrKh jQfha Tjqka
t,aààBfhka ú¢k ,o ysßyer .ekh' rcfha md,k m%foaYj,g meñKSug yels ùu .ek
i;=gq jk njo tajdhska m%ldY úh' isxy, yd bx.S%is udOH fuu mqj;a jd¾;dlrKfha§
lemS fmkqK w;r n,OdÍka úiska ,nd ÿka fuu mqj;a fou< mqj;am;a o jd¾;d lr
;sìK'

15
5'2 orejkag lsß ke;s wdydr wdOdr
wj;eka jQjka i|yd rch uÕska ,nd ÿka wdydr i,dlhg fyda bkaÈhdfjka tjQ wdydr
md¾i,a ;=< fyda lsß msá wvx.= fkdùu .ek i|ykla fyda ;snqfKa rdjh mqj;amf;a tla
,smshla ;=< muKs' tho" msgqfõ y;frka ;=kla muK jQ È.= ,smshl j.ka;shla f,i
muKs' tf;la fou< udOH mqj;am;aj, mjd ta iïnkaOfhka lsisjla m< jQfha ke;' hqo
ìfhka ;efjñka" ,efnk wdydrhlska hefmñka isá uõjrekag w; orejkagj;a fokakg
lsß ke;sj isáh§ orejka .ek fkdis;d ,efnk wdydr wdOdr .ek lsisfjla ixfõ§ ù
;snqfKa ke;' bka§h wdydr fnod §fuka miq fou< ck;dj .ek ,shefjk fjí wvúhl
w; orejl= jvd.;a ujlf.a PdhdrEmo iuÕ lssßmsá ke;s ùfuka <uhska uqyqK § we;s
;;a;ajh .ek jd¾;d lr ;sìK' <uhska .ek ixfõ§ jd¾;d ,shk udOHhg fou<
orejka .ek u;la jQfha fyda ta .ek hïlsis wdldrhlg wkdjrKh ùfuka miqj fyda
uyck hym; wruqKq lrf.k n,OdÍkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq lsÍug mqj;la ,shejqfKa
ke;'

5'3' wj;eka ckhdg wdydr /f.k .sh ìkagEka kejg m%ydrhla t,a, ùu
jkaksfha ck;dj fjkqfjka wdydr yd w;HdjYH øjH /f.k .sh ìkagEka kï
fk!ldjg ud¾;= 9 jeksod mdkaor t,aààBh m%ydrhla t,a, l< nj mqj;am;aj, jd¾;d
jQfha ud¾;= 10 jeksodh' Èkm;d isxy, mqj;am;a 4ka 2la th m%Odk mqj; f,i;a wfkla
mqj;am;a fol uq,a msgqfõ mqj;la f,i;a tu isÿùu jd¾;d lf<ah' tÈk isg ud¾;= 15
olajd ld,h ta iïnkaOfhka isxy, mqj;am;aj, jd¾;d jQ mqj;a .Kk 6ls' wod, ld,h
;=< fou< mqj;am;aj, jd¾;d 9la m< ù ;snQ w;r bx.S%is mqj;am;aj, jd¾;d 5la
wka;¾.; úh' mqj;a ixLHdjg jvd jeo.;a jkafka fuu mqjf;a ksrjoH;djh .ek fuu
mqj;am;a ls%hd lr we;s wdldrhhs' kdúl yuqod m%ldYl yd yuqod m%ldYl uQ,dY% lr f.k
isÿùu jd¾;d lr we;' tu jd¾;dj,g wkqj t,aààBh úiska m%ydrhla t,a, lrk ,oafoa
wj;ekaj isák ckhd fjkqfjka tf;la hjk ,o úYd,u wdydr f;d.h /f.k .sh
ìkagEka kï fk!ldjgh' wdydr f;d.h fuÜßla fgdka 500ls' ;S%l=Kdu,fha isg
cd;Hka;r r;= l=rei lñgqfõ wëCIKh hgf;a msg;a jQ kejg" uq,;sõ m%foaYfha
mqÿud;,ka fjrf<a isg wdydr f.dv ndñka isáh§ t,aààBh úiska ld,;=jlal=$fudagd¾
m%ydrhla t,a, lr we;' ta jk úg wdydr fuÜßla fgdka 140 la muK f.dvnd ;snQ w;r
m%ydr ksid kej wdmiq msg;a ù we;'

fuu isÿùu .ek úuiQ bßod mqj;am;la jQ rdjh mqj;am;g cd;Hka;r r;= l=rei lñgqfõ
m%ldYsld iris úfÊr;ak m%ldYhla lr ;snqKs' ta wkqj kej b,lal fldg m%ydrhla t,a,
l< njg lsisÿ meyeÈ,s fya;=jla ke;' ksrka;r hqo .egqï mej;=k tu m%foaYfha
fomd¾Yajh w;r t,a, jQ fI,a m%ydr kejg óg¾ 200$300la tmsáka m;s; ù we;' th m<
lr ;snqfKa rdjh mqj;am; muKs' m%ydrhla t,a, l< njg jQ uq,a mqj; m< l< wfkla
tlo isxy, fyda bx.S%is mqj;am;la" hqo l<dmhg w;HdjYH øjH /f.k hk keõj,
wëCIK lghq;= l< cd;Hka;r r;= l=rei lñgqfõ woyia úuid mqj; ;yjqre lr f.k
;snqfKa fyda miqj th ksje/È lf<a fyda ke;' mqj;g wod, úúO md¾Yajj,ska úuid
mqj;a ilia lsÍfï jD;a;Shuh ksrjoH;djhla idudkH jd¾;dlrKfha§ wkq.ukh lrk
fâ,s ñr¾ mqj;am; mjd tu meyeÈ,s lsÍug bvla ,nd § ke;' ta fjkqjg ;j;a Èkm;d
bx.S%is mqj;am;la lr ;snqfKa isÿùu .ek îîiShg meyeÈ,s lsÍula l< cd;Hka;r r;=
l=rei ixúOdkfha ikaksfõok wxYfha ksfhdacH m%OdkS la,drd yevâg m%ydrhla t,a,
lsÍuh' zzt,aààBh m%ydrhla t,a, lf<a ke;akï weh lshkafka rcfha yuqod m%ydrh l<
nj±ZZhs mqj;am; m%Yak lrkafka weh .ek ffjÍ iy.; wdldrfhks' fm!oa.,sl fou<
mqj;am;a ;=k rch úiska ,nd ÿka mqj; fukau la,drd yevâ îîiShg l< m%ldYh
weiqßka o mqj;a m< lrhs' tkï hïlsis wdldrhlg m<uq mqjf;a jro ksje/È lrhs' tu
mqj;am;aj, úfYaIh jkafka kejg m%ydrhla t,a, jQ njg i|yka uq,a mqj; jd¾;d
lsÍfï§ o ksYaÑ;j t,aààBh th l< nj jd¾;d lsÍfuka je<lSuhs' mqj;g wod, iEu

16
md¾Yajhlu uQ,dY% úuiSfuka je<lS" ^wod, m%Odk md¾Yajhla jQ r;= l=reih úuiSug
b;du myiqfjka yelshdj ;sìh§& fuu mqj; m< lsÍug fya;=j fï ld,h ;=< rch ,nd
fok mqj;a fojeks md¾Yajhlska ;yjqre lr m< lsÍu wjodkï iy.; f,i ie,l+ ksid
fyda ish¨ md¾Yajj, uQ,dY% Ndú;d lsÍfï jD;a;SuhNdjh .ek ixfõ§ fkdjk ksid fyda
úh yelsh'

flfia jqj;a fuu isÿùu jd¾;d jkafka wl=/iafia cqïud m,a,sh wi, fndaïn msmsÍu isÿ
jQ Èkh' miq Èk mqj;am;aj, isria;, yd Èk lsysmhla mqj;a$úfYaIdx. fjka jkafka ta
fjkqfjks' tfia fkdjqKdkï ta jk úg udOH yeisÍ we;s wdldrh wkqj r;= l=rei
lñgqfõ woyi .ek ;j;a m%ydrd;aul jd¾;d /ila ,shefjkakg bv ;sìK' rcfha
n,OdÍka kjkSoka ms,af,a uy;añhg t,a, l< wdldrhg m%ydrd;aul fpdaokd t,a,
lrkakgo" tajd jd¾;d jkakgo bv ;sìK'

6' uqojd .ekSfï fufyhqu jd¾;d l< wdldrh

rcfha md,k m%foaY fj; m<d wd l=vd wj;eka lKavdhï .ek n,OdÍka ,nd fok
f;dr;=re jßkajr jd¾;d jqj;a Ôú;h;a urKh;a w;r foda,kh fjñka isá oyia
ixLHd; ck;djla tljr wdrCIl yuqod md,k m%foaY fj; meñKsfha 2009 wfma%,a ui
20 jeksodh' rch th y÷kajd fokq ,enqfha f,dalfha úYd,;u m%dK wemlrejka uqod
.ekSfï fufyhqu jYfhks' úoHq;a udOHj, 20 jeksodu mqj; m< jQ w;r 21 jeksod isg
mqj;am;aj, m< úh'

tÈk uqojd .;a ck ixLHdj ms<sn| tla tla jd¾;dj, m<jQfha mriamr úfrdaë o;a;h'
uQ,dY% i|yka l< jd¾;dj,g wkqj f;dr;=re ,nd f.k we;af;a wdrCIl yuqod" kdúl
yuqod m%ldYl" yuqod m%ldYl" yuqodm;s" wud;H ßIdoa nÈWoa§ka" wud;H uyskao iurisxy"
wud;H flfy<sh rUqlaje,a," cd;Hka;r r;= l=rei lñgqj wd§kaf.ks' jd¾;d lsysmhl
i|yka jQ wdldrhg meñKs ixLHdj 103000 isg 104000 w;r fõ' ta jk úg iuia;
fufyhqfï§ meñK we;s ixLHdj 173439 fyda 180000la nj is;d .ekSug isÿfõ' flfia
jqj;a n,OdÍka úiska udOHhg ksl=;a l< PdhdrEm ksÍCIKh lrk flfkl=g tu
ñksiqkaf.a fmkqfuka" weiaj,ska jgyd.; yels fÄojdplh .ek fkdj" jd¾;dj,g m%uqL
jQfha wdrCIl yuqod úiska Tjqka uqod .;a wdldrhhs'

fuf;la udkqIjd§ mqj;a jd¾;dlrKfha§ fkd±lajQ m%uqL;djhla fuu isÿùug ,nd §

;sîu o úfYaIh' wfma%,a 20 jeksod isg 26 jeksod olajd ksÍCIKh l< isxy, mqj;am;a
24l fuu isÿùu mdol fldg.;a jd¾;d 121la muK m< ù ;sìK' ta w;r m%Odk mqj;a
16la" l;=jels 3la" ldgQka 1lao úh' fou< udOH mqj;am;a 24l jd¾;d 129la úh' ta w;r
m%Odk isria;, 13la" l;=jels 5la úh' bx.S%is mqj;am;a 21l jd¾;d .Kk jQfha 48ls' m%Odk
mqj;a 3la l;=jels 2la ta w;r úh' bx.S%is mqj;am;aj, jd¾;d .Kk wvq jqj;a fufia
meñKs ck;dj fjkqfjka v,ia w,ymafmreu wud;Hjrhd ck;d wdOdr b,aÆ njg
i|yka mqj; yd fndaf.d,a,d.u wud;Hjrhd úfoaY ;dkdm;sjreka le|jd wdOdr b,a,d
isá mqj; jeks mqj;a isxy, mqj;am;aj, m< jQfha ke;' isxy, mqj;am;a yd fou< mqj;am;a
w;r jd¾;d m%udKfhka iudklula olakg ,enqKo jd¾;d l< wdldrfha fjkialula
olakg we;'

isxy, mqj;am;aj, mqk mqkd jd¾;d jQfha fufyhqu l< wdldrh yd wdrCIl yuqodjkaf.a
udkjjd§ .=K j¾Kkdh' mqj; i|yd uQ,dY%h rcfha n,OdÍka jqj;a iuyreka isÿùu
jd¾;d lrkafka weiska ÿgq wdldrhgh' fou< udOH mqj;am;a wfkla udOH lsisjla fy<s
fkdl< nrm;, isÿùï lsysmhla jd¾;d lr we;' 20 jeksod fufyhqfï§ t,a, l< fI,a
m%ydrhlska mqÿud;,ka frdayf,a fiajh l< ffjoH isjfudayka ñh .sh nj" tÈk t,a,
l< fmdl=re fndaïn" u,aá ner,a" fI,a jeks nr wdhqOj,ska 988la ñh .sh nj yd 1215la
;=jd, ,nd we;s nj jeks mqj;a ta w;r m%Odk jqj;a tajd m%uqL;djhlska hq;=j jd¾;d lr

17
ke;' fya;=j wdrCIdj i|yd lemS fkdfmfkk wdldrhg jqj jd¾;d lsÍu jeo.;a fldg
ie,lSu úh yels nj is;d .; yelsh' fuu fÄokSh ;;a;ajh jd¾;d lsÍu i|yd Tjqka
uQ,dY% lr f.k we;af;a fjí wvúh' wfkla udOH fuka fou< mqj;am;a fuu fufyhqu
zzm%dK wemlrejka uqod .ekSfï fufyhquZZ hk úfYaIKfhka y÷kajd ke;' meñKs
ck;dj y÷kajd we;af;a zzwdrCIs; l<dmfha isá ck;djZZ hkqfjks' tfukau wfkla
udOHhg fjkiaj" fuu uqod .;a ck;djf.a ;;a;ajh iïnkaOfhka f,dal m%OdkSka l<
m%ldY lsysmhla o jd¾;d lr we;' fou< mqj;am;a fuu isÿùï jd¾;d lr ;sìh§ wfkla
udOH wkq.ukh lrkafka ksy~ ms<sfj;ls' hqo miqìula ;=< jd¾;d lsÍfï§ udOH fj;
t,a, ù we;s n,mEu fowdldrhlg ls%hd;aul jk njla" NdId udOH ;=kg u wh;a
mqj;am;aj, jd¾;dlrKh .ek ie,ls,a,la olajk flfkl=g tla w;lska fmkS hhs'
fkdtfiakï fou< mqj;am;a lshjk ck;djg" fou< ck;djg jk úm;a ±k .kakg
,eîu .ek rch l<n,hg m;ajkafka ke;ehs yeÕS hhs' udkqIjd§ mqj;a jd¾;dlrKfha§
fou< udOH yd wfkl=;a udOH w;r fjki jvd fyd¢ka lemS fmfkk wjia:djla
f,io fuh ye¢kaúh yelsh'

7' woyia m%ldY lsÍfï yd f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSfï ksoyig t,a, jQ

ndOd jd¾;d jQ wdldrh
rcfha udOH wdh;kj, yd rcfha hqo u;jdoh tf,iu bÈßhg f.k hñka lghq;= l<
úoaHq;a udOH wdh;k lsysmhlg muKla hqo l<dmh ;=<g f.dia jd¾;d lrkakg
yelshdj ,eî ;sìK' tfy;a" ta lsisÿ jd¾;djla iajdëk yd wmCImd;S tajd fkdùh' hqo
msáhg udOHfõ§ka hjkakg yels jQ udOH wdh;kj, fukau wfkl=;a udOHj, o iudk
jd¾;du m< ùfuka meyeÈ,s jQfha wdrCIl wud;HdxYfha$n,OdÍkaf.a wkque;shg hg;aj
ilia l< mqj;a muKla udOHhg ksl=;a jQ njh' fjkilg ;snqfKa wod, úoaHq;a udOH
wdh;kj, udOHfõ§ka iuyr o¾Yk ;,j, isg ;ukaf.a udOH wdh;kh fjkqfjka
mQ¾úld bÈßm;a lsÍuh' tu mQ¾úld lsisfia;au iunr fyda úpdrYS,S fkdùh' rcfha hqo
ch.%yK j¾Kkd lsÍu yd t,aààBfha ïf,aÉP;ajh mqkreÉpdrKh muKla tu
jd¾;dj,g we;=<;a úh' wu;r jYfhka isÿ jQfha hqoaOh ;=< isÿjk udkj ysñlï
W,a,x>Kh lsÍï" idudkH ck;djg isÿ jk úm;a je<elaùug lghq;= lrk f,i
n,mEï lrk isú,a iudc ixúOdk ksy~ lsÍug yd cd;Hka;r ixúOdk hgm;a lsÍug
yels m%n, m%ydrhka iuyr udOHfõ§ka úiska t,a, lsÍuh' tu mqj;a yryd lsisÿ
fldkafoaishlska f;drj hqoaOhg wdYs¾jdo lrk m%n, hqo udkisl;ajhla f.dv k.d"
tuÕska rfÜ wfkl=;a m%Yak .ek l;d lsÍu je<elaùug ;snQ rcfha W;aidyhg iuyr
udOH tf,iskau WmldÍ ù ;snqKs' tjeks udOH yeisÍï .ek" rcfha udOH ms<sfj;a .ek"
udOH u¾okh .ek l;d lsÍu mjd fødaySlula f,i m%ldYhg m;a úh' tu m%ldYj,g
rcfha fukau ;j;a iuyr udOHj,ska m%uqL;dj ,eìK'

wod, ld,h ;=< rch wmyiqjg m;ajk wdldrfha mqj;a m< ùu je<elaùug udOHhg
wk;=re wÕjk m%ldY n,OdÍkaf.ka ksl=;a úh' ckjdß 14 jeksod ckdêm;sjrhd udOH
m%OdkSka yuqù m%ldY lr we;af;a ;%ia;jdohg W,amkaoï fok udOH Ndú;dfjka j<lsk
f,ihs' hqoaOh w;r ;=r ñksia Ôú;j,g jk úkdYhka .ek m%isoaêfha woyila m< l<o"
udOH u¾okhg tfrysj y~la ke.+jo tajd ;%ia;jdohg W,amkaoï fok tajd njg m;a
úh' tjeks udOHfõ§kag tfrysj rcfha udOH yryd m%n, m%ydr t,a, úh' wdrCIl
f,alïjrhd o udOH .ek woyia m< lrñka nrm;, wk;=re weÕùï lf<ah'

ks¾NS; udOHh fï wk;=reodhl ;;a;ajh .ek úpdrYS,Sj woyia m< l<o fndfyda udOH
isÿùfuka isÿùug fjkia ia:djrhka ±Íh' udkqIjd§ .eg¿" udkj ysñlï .eg¿ wdÈh
jd¾;d lsÍu ksid udOH ksoyig t,a, jQ m%ydrhl§" rcfha wjYH;dj jgyd f.k ksy~
ùu fyda ta .ek rcfha woyi m< lsÍug muKla udOH lghq;= lf<ah' iuyr udOH th
rcfha muKla fkdj ;ukaf.a wjYH;dj o njg m;a lr f.k m%ydrd;aulj jd¾;d

18
lf<ah' wdrCIl f,alïjrhdf.a m%ldYfhka miq udOHhg n,j;a wk;=rla t,a, ù we;s
nj m%Odk isria;,hlska u jd¾;d lf<a rdjh mqj;am; muKs'

udOHfõ§ka nrm;, m%ydrj,g ,laùï" meyer f.k hEï" m%Yak lsÍï" ;¾ckh lsÍï"
;%ia;jdoh je<elaùfï mk; hgf;a w;awvx.=fõ ;nd .ekSï" udOH wdh;k úkdY lsÍï
iy udOHfõ§ka >d;kh lsÍï$ùï jeks nrm;, isÿùï lsysmhla fuu ld,h ;=< isÿ úh'
tajdhska lsysmhla iïnkaOfhka mqj;am;a ±lajQ m%;spdrj, iajNdjh my; ±lafõ' flfia
jqj;a udOH ksÍCIKfha§ tla lreKla meyeÈ,s úh' tkï" rfÜ iEu ksoyilu moku
jk ckudOH ksoyi hqoaOfha uqjdfjka wfydais ù hEfuka isÿ jkafka rfÜ
m%cd;ka;%jdoh wfydais ù hEu nj f;areï .;a Yla;su;a l;sldjla ;uka fjkqfjkaj;a
f.dv k.d .ekSug udOHhg fkdyels jQ njhs'

isÿùï lsysmhla
7'1 isri ueÈß ixlS¾Kh úkdY lsÍu - ckjdß 03
isÿùug miqod rcfha mqj;ayer wfkla mqj;am;a th m%uqL;djhlska jd¾;d lf<ah' úYd,
rCIK jkaÈhla ,nd .ekSfï wruqfKka th ;uka úiskau lr .;a tlla njg u;hla
f.dv keÕSug miqj rcfha udOH úiska W;aidy .kakd ,§' isri rEmjdysksh tu Èk
lsysmh ;=< wmrdOlrejka .ek f;dr;=rla fok wfhl=g remsh,a ñ,shk myla ;E.s fok
nj m%ldY lrñka Èk lsysmhla m%uqL;dj foñka mqj; jd¾;d lf<ah' ckjdß 08 jeksod
ikafâ ,Sv¾ l¾;D ,ika; úl%u;=x. o >d;kh l< miq fCIa;%h úYd, ;e;s .ekaulg
,la úh' tfy;a ls,sfkdÉÑ ch.%yKh iuÕ ch.%dyS hqo udkisl;ajhla f.dv keÕS
;sìK' rcfha iy wfkl=;a hqojd§ md¾Yaj,ska fldá ys;jd§ f,an,hla o isrig w,jd
;snQ neúka ;ukaf.a ueÈß úkdY l< wmrdOlrejka fidhkakg ck;d iydh me;+ mqj;
mjd m< lsÍfuka je<lSug isri rEmjdysksh bka miq lghq;= lf<ah'

7'2 ,ika; úl%u;=x. >d;kh - ckjdß 08

ckjdß 08 jeksod fmrjrefõ ;u ld¾hd,hg hñka isá ikafâ ,Sv¾ mqj;amf;a l¾;D
,ika; úl%u;=x. >d;kh l< wdldrh fndfyda udOH ;e;s .ekaulg ,la lrkakla úh'
oyj,a ld,fha wdrCIs; l<dmhl§ th isÿ úh' isÿùug miq Èk issh¨ Èkm;d mqj;am;a
th m%Odk mqj; f,i jd¾;d lr ;snqKs' ,ika; úl%u;=x. ckdêm;sjrhd iuÕ fmrod;a
idlÉPd lr ;snQ nj" ckdêm;sjrhd isÿùu iïnkaOfhka jydu mÍCIK lrkakg wK
ÿka nj i|yka lrñka rcfha udOH mqj;am;ao isÿùu jd¾;d lr ;snqKs' fï ld,h ;=<
rcfha udOH yer wfkla mqj;am;a fndfyduhla mqj;a$úfYaIdx.$l;=jels$ldgQka wdÈh
u.ska isÿùu fy<d ±lSu fukau ;rula ÿrg udOH uqyqK § we;s wk;=re odhl ;;a;ajh
.ek úpdrhla lrkakg W;aidy f.k ;sìK' tfy;a" fujeks nrm;, wjia:djl§ jqj
tldjkaj thg úfrdaOh ±laùula lrkakg ;rï mqj;am;a lghq;= lr ke;' ckjdß 8
jeksod n%yia;m;skaod Èkhls' 11 jeks bßod mqj;am;a o isÿùu jd¾;d l<;a mqj;amf;a uq,a
msgqj l¿ mdáka uqøKh lrñka ;u lïmdj" úfrdaOh m%n, f,i m< lf<a rdjh mqj;am;
muKs'

7'3 ßúr l¾;D Wmd,s f;kakfldaka m%ydrhlg ,laùu ^ckjdß 23&

,ika; úl%u;=x. >d;kh l< wdldrfha m%ydrhla ckjdß 23 jeksod ßúr l¾;D Wmd,s
f;kakfldakag t,a, úh' thska Tyqf.a uqyqKg nrm;, ;=jd, isÿ jQ w;r jydu Tyq rg
yer .sfhah' fuu m%ydrh ish¨ mqj;am;a jd¾;d l< w;r rcfha udOH úu;sh m< lrñka
lshd isáfha Tyq rcfha fufyhqï yd ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,sh iïnkaOfhka iyfhda.h ,nd
ÿka wfhl= njhs' ,ika; úl%u;=x. >d;kh jd¾;d lsÍug jeä m%uqL;djhlska rcfha

19
udOH fuu isÿùu jd¾;d lf<ah' ,ika; >d;kh iïnkaOfhka rchg t,a, jk fpdaokd
iukh lrk wdldrfha iajrhla tu jd¾;dj,ska .uH úh' fya;=j rcfha fufyhqï yd
ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,shg iyfhda.h ±lajQ l;=jrhl=go ,ika; >d;khg iudk jk
wdldrfha m%ydrhla t,a, ù ;sîuhs' flfia jqj;a" ,ika; yd Wmd,s hk fouÕl .sh
l;=jreka fofokdg iudk wdldrfha m%ydrhka t,a, ùu .ek is;kakg fndfyda foa b;sß
lf<ah'

7'4 pek,a 4 udOHfõ§ka msgqjy,a lsÍu

YS% ,xldfõ udkqIjd§ .eg¿ iïnkaOfhka jd¾;d lsÍug furgg meñK isá ì%;dkHfha
pek,a 4 rEmjdyskS fiajdfõ jd¾;dlre ksla megka fjda,aIa" ksYamdol fniS vQ iy
leurdlre ueÜ ciam¾ hk udOHfõ§ka ;sfofkl= jydu msgqjy,a lsÍug YS% ,xld rch
lghq;= lf<ah' hqoaOfha WÉP;u Èkj, YS% ,xldjg meñKs Tjqka jõkshdfõ wj;eka
l|jqrej, .eg¿ iïnkaOfhka ilia fldg hejQ jd¾;djla pek,a 4 rEmjdysksfhka
úldYkh úh' th úldYkh jQ jydu" tkï uehs ui 09 jeksod w;awvx.=jg .;a
udOHfõ§ka ;sfokd uehs ui 10 jeksod mdkaor ráka msgqjy,a lf<ah' YS% ,xldfõ wj;eka
ck;djg n,mdk m%n, udkqIjd§ .eg¿ jd¾;d l<dkï YS% ,xldfõ udOHfõ§kag uqyqK
§ug isÿ úh yels wk;=r ms<sn| woyila fuu isÿùfuka ,nd .ekSug yelsh' ì%;dkH
udOHfõ§ka ilia l< jd¾;dfjka lreKq lsysmhla wkdjrKh ù ;snqKs' l|jqrej,
Ôj;ajk ia;S%kag wdrCIl yuqod úiska ,sx.sl w;jr lrk nj" u< isrere ñh .sh
;ekaj,u Èk .Kka ;sfnk nj" c,h yd wdydr ysÕ nj tfia wkdjrKh l< lreKq
lsysmhls' kuq;a mqj; úldYkh jQ jydu wdrCIl f,alïjrhdu ÿrl;kfhka l;d fldg
neK je§ Tjqka msgqjy,a lrk nj ±kajQ nj Tjqka m%ldY fldg ;snqKs'

isÿùug miq Èk tkï uehs ui 11 jeksod isg 17 olajd ksÍCIKh l< mqj;aj;a w;r
isÿùu mokï lr.;a isxy, udOH jd¾;d$l;=jels$ldgQka 13la úh' udkqIjd§ mqj;a jd¾;d
lsÍfï§ ;uka fj; we;s wNsfhda. .ek meyeÈ,s lsÍulg fuh wjia:djla jqj;a tjeks
iQodkula tu jd¾;dj,ska olakg ke;' isÿùu jd¾;d l< Èkm;d isxy, mqj;am;a ;=kla
mqj;g fh¥ isria;,j,skau rcfha ls%hd ud¾.h wkqu; lrhs' l|jqre ;=<g leurd
fydfrka hjd f;dr;=re ,nd f.k we;s njg fpdaokd lrk tu jd¾;dj,ska wfkla w;g
nqoaêu;a mdGlhdg is;d .; yels jkafka fydfrka hjd f;dr;=re ,nd f.k we;akï tajd
i;H njls' tu udOHfõ§ka fldákaf.a wjYH;dj bgq lrk wh njg tj jd¾;d uÕska
fpdaokd lrñka ;uka m< l< jd¾;dj wi;H nj Tjqka úiskau wmrdO mÍCIK
fomd¾;fïka;=jg mjid we;s njo jd¾;d lrhs' kuq;a ta woyia udOHfõ§kaf.ka ,nd
.;a tajd fkdfõ'

isÿùu iïnkaOfhka fou< mqj;a jd¾;dlrKh isxy, udOHhg imqrd fjkia úh' isxy,
mqj;a isria;,j, olakg ,enqKq zzwi;H mqj;a jd¾;d l<" YS% ,xldjg ydks jk mqj;a
jd¾;d l< jeks úfYaIK fkdue;sj isria;, fhdod we;' tla fou< mqj;am;lg wkqj
msgqjy,a lr we;af;a YS% ,xldfõ i;H ;;a;ajh jd¾;d l< udOHfõ§ka ;sfofkls' ta
i|yd ksla megka l< m%ldYhla uQ,dY% lr f.k we;' ,laIauka yq¿.,a," wd.uk ú.uk
md,ljrhd jeks mqoa.,hka uQ,dY% lr f.k mqj; jd¾;d lr we;;a ;ukaf.a u;h >Dcq
j.ka;sj,ska tajdg we;=<;a fkdlrhs' isxy, mqj;am;a fukaa isÿùu wkqu; lrk nj
m%ldY fkdlrhs' kuq;a rcfha fou< mqj;am; isxy, mqj;am;a fuka ls%hd lr we;' m<
lr ;snQ j¾;d .Kk 13ls'

tla bx.S%is mqj;am;la jQ fâ,s ñr¾ mqj;am; fou< udOHhg iudk ia:djrhlska mqj;
jd¾;d lr we;' úfYaIK Ndú;d fkdlrhs' tfukau rcfha lreKq ±laùï fukau ksla
megkaf.a udOH m%ùK;djh .eko f;dr;=re mqj;g tl;= fldg iunr bÈßm;a lsÍula

20
lrhs' bx.S%is mqj;am;aj, jd¾;d 6la ;snQ w;r thska 3lau wh;a jQfha fuu mqj;am;g h'
nqoaêu;a mdGlhdg lreKq f;a¾ï.; yels wdldrhg fomd¾Yajfha f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'

hqoaOhg miq mqj;am;a

2009 uehs ui 18 jeksod iji wdrCIl f,alïjrhd" yuqodm;sjre" fmd,siam;sjrhd iy
isú,a wdrCIl n,ldfha m%Odkshd úiska ckdêm;sjrhdg ks, jYfhkq;a" uehs ui 20
jeksod md¾,sfïka;=jg meñKs ckdêm;sjrhd úoHq;a udOH yryd iÔùj" ks, jYfhka
rgg;a hqoaOh wjika nj ±kqï ÿkafkah' tfia wjika jQfha uyskao rdcmCI rch úiska
wdrïN l<" jir foll=;a udi 10la .;jQ hqoaOhhs' t;eka isg tkï uehs ui 20 jeksod
isg wdrïN jkafka mYapd;a hqo jd¾;dlrK ^hqoaOhg miq jd¾;dlrK& iuhhs'

jir ;=klska wjika lsÍug ie,iqï l< hqoaOh jir 2hs udi 10lska wjika l< njg
rcfha n,OdÍka fukaau hqoaOhg wdYs¾jdo l< msßia úiska m%ldY lrk ,oafoa uy;a
wNsudkhlsks' tajd jd¾;d jQfhao tf,iuh' wjika hqoaOh yd m%Ndlrka >d;kh YS%
,xldfõ udOHhg iekfl<shla úh' rfÜ iekfl<s iajNdjh udOH ;=<ska m%;sks¾udKh
ùulg jvd udOH ;=< meje;s iekfl<s WKqiqu rgg fnod ÿka wdldrhla fmfkkakg
;sìK' úfYaIfhka isxy, udOH mqj;am;aj,ska th iqúfYaIfhka lemS fmksK' udOH
f,dalhg u iqúfYaI mqj;la jQ m%Ndlrka >d;kh jd¾;d lsÍfï§ YS% ,xldfõ udOH lsisÿ
udOH wdpdr O¾uhla" lsisÿ udOH iodpdrhla ie,ls,a,g .;a njla fmfkkakg ;snqfKa
ke;' udOH Ndú;dfõ w;ajer§ï" fkd;ld yeÍï" wdpdr O¾u W,a,x>Kh lsÍï fukau
jD;a;Shuh wmßK;Ndjhka o m%n, f,i m%lg l< tu jd¾;d lsÍu fjku ksÍCIKh
l< hq;= lghq;a;ls' fuys§ i,ld n,d we;af;a hqoaOh wjika ùu;a iuÕ u;=jk m%n,
ud;Dldjla jk udkqIjd§ .eg¿ jd¾;d lsÍfï§ YS% ,xldfõ uqøs; udOH ls%hd lr we;s
wdldrhhs' isÿùï lsysmhla jd¾;d lr we;s wdldrh kso¾Yk f,i .ksñka" W;aidy lr
we;af;a hqoaOfhka miq mqj;am;a jd¾;dlrKfha m%jK;d y÷kd .ekSughs'

1' wj;eka ck;dj .ek jd¾;dlrKh

1'1 Èia;s%lal folla uq¿ukskau wj;eka ùu
wdrCIs; l<dmh f,iska ye¢kajQ m%foaYh ;=< isrù isá wjika isú,a jeishka msßi uqod
f.k hqoaOh wjika nj rch ksfõokh lf<a uehs ui 18 jeksodh' t,aààB kdhl
m%Ndlrkaf.a u< isrer fidhd f.k ke;;a kdhlhska ish¨ fokd >d;kh ù we;s nj;a
hqoaOh wjika nj;a jd¾;d lsÍu i|yd tÈk fï rfÜ ish¨ u ckudOH úYd, bvlvla
fjkalr ;sìK' bka miqj ckdêm;sjrhd .=jka hdkfhka nei uõìu ism .ekSfï isg
ish¨ isÿùï" m%Ndlrkaf.a u< isrer yuqùu yd úfYaIfhka rg ;=< ta fjkqfjka we;sjQ
mS%;s W;aij yd iqN me;=ï ±kaùïj,ska ckudOH msÍ b;sÍ .sfhah' ta w;r Èia;s%lal folla
uq¿ukskau wj;ekaj" tys Ôú;h /l .kakg jdikdj ,enQ b;sß ck;dj yuqod Ndrhg
m;ajQ wdldrh .ek jd¾;d lsÍfï§ olajd ;snqfKa b;du;a wvq wjOdkhls'

uehs 18 isg 24 olajd ksÍCIKhg wod, ld,h fukau Bg miqj;a Èk .Kkla hqoaOh
wjika lsÍfï mS%;sh ieuÍug mqj;am;a m%uqL;dj § ;sìK' uqod.;a ck;djg wod, mqj;a
ish,a, u 13ls' thska 5la fou< mqj;am;aj,o 4 ne.ska isxy, yd bx.S%is mqj;am;aj,o úh'
isú,a ck;dj ms<sn| .eg¿j wjOdkfhka .s,syS .sh kuq;a fou< mqj;am;a folla wju
jYfhka m%Odk isria;, folla ta fjkqfjka fjka fldg ;sìK' ta i|yd uQ,dY% fldg
f.k ;snqfKa yuqod m%ldYl Woh kdkdhlaldr h' wfkla mqj;am;a fol o uehs 18 jeksod
iudk mqj; iudk uQ,dY%h Ndú;d fldg jd¾;d lr ;snqfKa uq,a msgqfõ mqj;la f,ih'

21
iudk uQ,dY%h Ndú;d fldg ;snqKo wfma%,a 20 jeksod uqojd .ekSfï fufyhqfï§ meñKs
ck;dj .ek jd¾;d lsÍfï§ fukau fujro uqod .;a isú,a ck;dj ms<sn| ixLHd f,aLK
.ek jd¾;d jkafka úúOdldrfhks' wdrCIl yuqod úiska Èk 3la ;=< 50000la uqod.;a nj
mqj;am;a folla o" meh 72la ;=< 63050la uqod.;a nj ;j;a mqj;am;la o" rcfha udOH
mqj;am; 62000la meh 72la ;=< uqod.;a njo jd¾;d lrhs' iudk uQ,dY%fhka ,nd .kakd
f;dr;=re fuf,i mriamr jkafka flfia±hs is;d .; fkdyelsh'

bx.S%is udOH mqj;a y;ru m< ù we;af;a tla bx.S%is mqj;am;lh' tlu Èkfha tlu
mqj;amf;a m< ù we;s jd¾;d yr;lska wiudk ixLHd bÈßm;a ùfuka fmkS hkafka
wjika fufyhqu .ek l;d l<;a merKs f;dr;=re u; mokïj jd¾;d lr we;s njhs'

jkaksfha ish¨ ck;dj jõkshdj Èia;s%lalfha ueKsla*dï m%foaYfha we;s l< wj;eka
l|jqrej,g iSud úh' tfia wj;eka jQ ck;dj ,CI ;=klg wdikak nj fndfyda
n,OdÍkaf.a m%ldYj,ska lsheúK' ta jk úg ukakdru" hdmkh" wïmdr" uvl,mqj"
;S%l=Kdu,h jeks m%foaYj, wj;eka ckhd o jõkshdfõ wj;eka l|jqrej, Ôj;a jQy'
i|yka lrk ixLHdj,g Tjqka o we;=<;a lr ;sfío hkak .ek woyila lsisÿ mqj;lska
,nd .ekSu wiSre úh'

2008 Tlaf;dan¾ udih jk úg wj;eka jQ Èia;s%lal foflys uy f,alï ld¾hd,j,

ixLHd f,aLK wkqj ls,sfkdÉÑ Èia;s%lalfha ck.ykh 2"19878 la úh' uq,;sõ
Èia;s%lalfha 2"59293la úh' th ydr ,CI ye;a;E oyilg wdikak m%udKhls' iuyr úg
fuu o;a;j,ska ±lafjk ck.ykh úúO fya;= u; wvq jQjd úh yelsh' hqoaOh wdrïN
jk úg thska fíÍ /ljrK m;d úYd, msßila Èia;s%lalfhka msg jQjdo úh yelsh'
flfia jqj;a" hqoaOh wjika jk úg wj;eka jQ njg m%ldYs; ck ixLHdj yd hqoaOh
wdrïN jk úg Èia;s%lal fol ;=< Ôj;a jQ njg m%ldYs; ixLHdj, fjki nrm;,h'
hqoaOh wjika jQ miqj fyda lsisÿ udOHhla ck;djf.a md¾Yajfhka tjeks fidhd ne,Sula
lr jd¾;d lsÍula lf<a ke;'

1'2 wj;eka ck;djf.a uQ,sl wjYH;d iy .eg¿

hqoaOh meje;s ld,h ;=< o ueKsla*dï m%foaYfha l|jqrej, wj;eka ck;dj Ôj;a jQy'
tfy;a tu ck;djf.a wjYH;d" Tjqka uqyqK § we;s .eg¿ .ek udOH wjOdkhla olakg
,enqfKa ke;' hqoaOh wjika lsÍug udihlg fmr tljr ,CIhlg wêl ck;djla
uqod.;a miq wj;eka l|jqrej, ;;a;ajh nrm;, úh' tfy;a" jd¾;d jQfha i,ik
myiqlï .ek muKs' rcfha uQ,dY% ta i|yd Ndú;d fldg ;sìK' fou< udOH iq¿
jYfhka .eg¿ jd¾;d lr ;snqKs'

hqoaOh wjika jQ miq YS% ,dxlsl b;sydifha úYd,;u ck ixLHdj tla N+ñhla ;=< wj;eka
jQy' th ,CI ;=klg wdikak fyda jeä fyda nj úúO mqoa.,hkaf.ka lsheúK'
ckudOHhg" úreoaO mCI foaYmd,k{hkag" foaYSh udkqIjd§ fiajd wdh;kj,g fyda
ck;djg tajd újD; jQfha ke;' ueKsla*dï m%foaYfha msysá tu wj;eka l|jqre
ksÍCIKhg wjir ,enqfKa fkdje<elaúh yels rdcH fiajlhkag" cd;Hka;r
ksfhdað;hkag yd wdOdr ixúOdkj,g muKs' flfia jqj;a cd;Hka;rh tajd ye¢kajQfha
zzf,dalfha úYd,;u ieÕjqKq isrl|jqrzz jYfhks' tu ksfhdað;hka furfܧ fyda msgj
hEfuka miqj fyda l< m%ldYj,ska l|jqrej, wvqmdvq úYd, jYfhka fy<sorõ úh' fï
rfÜ ckudOHhg l|jqrej,g hEu jdrKh jqj;a tajd .ek jd¾;d lrkakg yels m%n,
uQ,dY% iemhSula fuu cd;Hka;r ksfhdað;hkaf.a meñKSu ksid isÿ úh' m%Yakh jkafka
tu uQ,dY% Ndú;d lsÍfï§ mqj;am;a ±lajQ fkdie,ls,a,hs' tfukau wj;eka ckhd .ek
jd¾;d lsÍug uQ,dY% iemhQ ;j;a isÿùï yd wjia:d lsysmhlau úh'

22
wj;eka l|jqre ksÍCIKhg meñKs mqoa.,hka lsysm fofkla

) fcdaka fydaïia ) nekals uQka

) ,shka meiaflda ) uhsla fmdaiag¾
) ;ñ,akdvq foaYmd,k{hka lKavdhu

.eg¿ jd¾;d lsÍug uQ,dY% iemhQ isÿùï$wjia:d lsysmhla

) rú fkiaudkaf.a ùid È.= fkdlsÍu

) wj;eka l|jqre hg l< wyUq jeiai
) wj;eka jQjka yd wdrCIl wxY w;r isÿ jq .egqu
) md¾,sfïka;=fõ§ flfrk m%ldY
) uQ,sl whs;sjdislï fm;aiï
) cd;Hka;r udOH jd¾;d

wkdjrKh jQ .eg¿
.xj;=r yd fjk;a wjia:dj,§

1' 4$5la isáh yels l+vdrïj, 15$20la isák nj

2' jeisls,s m%udKj;a ishhg 50lg muKla nj yd 3154la wvq nj
3' c,h" wdydr" we÷ï" ffjoH myiqlï" ffjoHjreka m%udKj;a ke;s nj
4' jeäysáhka i|yd hg we÷ï" fmdrjk" rn¾ fifrmamq ke;slu
5' c,h m%udKj;a f,i ,efnkafka úfoaY ksfhdað;hka tk Èkj,g muKla nj
6' orejka iy .¾NkS ldka;djkag fmdaIK wdydr ke;slu
7' my;a ìïj, b¢lr we;s l|jqre yryd jeis c,h .,d hk nj
8' W;=rd .sh jeisls,s j,j,aj, wiQÑ ñY% .xj;=frka l|jqre hg jQ nj
9' f,dj úYd,;u ieÕjqKq t<suyka isr l|jqr ueKsla*dï l|jqr nj
10' YS% ,xldfõ ;rï krl irKd.; l|jqre f,dalfha fldfyaÈj;a ±l ke;s nj

uhsla fmdaiag¾f.a m%ldYj,ska wkdjrKh jQ .eg¿

1' l|jqre ffokslj kv;a;= lsÍug wdOdr fkd,efnk nj

2' ì%;dkH wdOdr ksis f,i Ndú;d lr ke;s nj
3' l|jqrej, kj f.dvke.s,s b¢ lsÍug fyda tajd kv;a;= lsÍug wdOdr fkdfok nj
4' kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï m%.;sh wvq nj
5' fudaiï jeisj,g fmr kej; mÈxÑ lsÍï l< hq;= nj
6' l|jqrlska l|jqrlg udre lsÍu kej; mÈxÑ lsÍula fkdjk nj
7' wj;ekajQjkag ;uka leue;s ;eklg hEfï ksoyig ì%;dkH m%uqL;dj fok nj
8' ishhg 70la {d;Ska iuÕ Ôj;aùug leue;s nj

by; i|yka uQ,dY% Tiafia wkdjrKh jQ .eg¿ .ek iïmQ¾K woyila mdGlhkag ,nd
.ekSug kï wksjd¾hfhka fou< mqj;am;a yd hqoaOhg miq m%.;shla fmkajk bx.S%is
mqj;am;a lsysmh lshúh hq;=j ;sìK' tu mqj;am;a jqjo tlla lsheùfuka iïmQ¾K
woyila ,nd .ekSu wmyiqh' isxy, udOH muKla Ndú;d lrk mdGhkag wj;eka
l|jqrej, ;;a;ajh .ek f;dr;=re ,nd .; yelafla b;du wvqfjks' tu wjYH;dj hï
;rulg bgq lr we;af;a hqoaOhg miq tjeks mqj;a jd¾;d l< rdjh jeks mqj;am;la
muKs' hqoaOhg miq wj;eka ck;djf.a hym; b,lal lr .;a keUqrejlska úfYaIdx. ,sms
m< lsÍfï§ tu mqj;am; m%uqL ld¾hNdrhla bgq lr we;'

23
WodyrK 1 - uhsla fmdaiag¾ l< m%ldY
ì%;dkH rcfha ixj¾Ok lghq;= ms<sn| wud;H uhsla fmdaiag¾ uy;d wj;eka ck;dj
uqK .eiSfuka miq l< m%ldY jd¾;d lsÍfï§ mqj;am;a wdldr lsysmhl keUqrejlska tajd
jd¾;d lr ;sìK' ksÍCIKh lrk ,oafoa Tlaf;dan¾ ui 5 isg 11 olajd ld,h ;=<
mqj;am;a h' mqj;g m%uqL ù we;af;a fuf;la ls%hd lr we;s wdldrh iïnkaOfhka
weue;sjrhd iEySug m;ajk nj kuq;a" iuyr lghq;= iïnkaOfhka wi;=g m< l< nj
mqj; ;=< i|yka lsÍu tla wdldrhla úh' Èkm;d ,xld§m mqj;am; ta i|yd
WodyrKhls' zzwj;eka ckhd jeis iuhg fmr mÈxÑ lrjkak ì%;dkH wdOdrZZ hk
isria;,h hgf;a mqj; m< lr we;' rcfha n,OdÍka úfrdaOh m< l< zzishhg 70la
muK ckhd {d;Ska iuÕ hEug leue;a; m< l< njZZ jeks f;dr;=re o ta iuÕ fjhs'
wud;Hjrhd iïmQ¾Kfhka wi;=gg m;aù we;s nj m%ldYhg m;a l< lreKqj,g
m%uqL;dj § jd¾;d lsÍu ;j;a keUqrejla úh' rdjh" breÈk jeks mqj;am;a ta i|yd
WodyrK fõ' weue;sjrhd m%ldY lr we;s by; i|yka l< .eg¿ lsysmh ne.ska tu
jd¾;dj,g we;=<;a ù we;' ,xld§m" breÈk jeks mqj;am;a fï wdldrhg fyda uq,a mqj;
jd¾;d l< ÿ¾,N wjia:djla f,i fuh ye¢kaúh yelsh' rcfha mqj;am; yer b;sß fou<
mqj;am;aj, jd¾;dlrKfha keUqrej o fojkqj i|yka l< wdldrhhs' m%Odk isria;,
;=kla o we;=¿ jd¾;d 15lska m%uqL;dj § Tjqka jd¾;d lrkafka wud;Hjrhd m%ldY lr
we;s .eg¿ iy.; ;;a;ajhkah' fâ,s ñr¾ iy whs,kaâ hk bx.S%is mqj;am;a fol o
weue;sjrhd wi;=gg m;a ù we;s wdldrh ms<sn| keUqrejlska mqj;a folla jd¾;d lr
we;' Bg wu;rj i;=gg m;aù we;s wdldrh m%ldY jk mqj;a folla o frdays;
fndaf.d,a,d.u wud;Hjrhd iuÕ l< idlÉPdjla uQ,dY% lr f.k jd¾;d lrhs'

wj;eka jQjka iïnkaOfhka wud;Hjrhd lr we;s m%ldY ms<s.; fkdyelshehs rcfha

n,OdÍka l< m%ldY$ms<s;=re jd¾;d lsÍu wfkla keUqre;djhs' uq,a mqj; jd¾;d fkdl<
rcfha udOH yd rcfha u;h wkqj lghq;= lrk mqj;am;a lsysmh tys§ m%uqLh' fou<
mqj;am;a tu woyig o bv ,nd § we;' uQ,dY% ksis f,i Ndú;d fkdl<;a" wj;eka
ckhdf.a fÄokSh ;;a;ajh iïnkaOfhka cd;Hka;r ksfhdað;hl= fy<s l< f;dr;=re
b;d iq¿ jYfhka fyda isxy, yd bx.S%is mqj;am;a lsysmhl jd¾;d jQ wjia:djla f,i fuh
y÷kajd Èh yelsh'

WodyrK 2 - uy jeisj,ska wj;eka l|jqre hgùu

uq,a Èk lsysmh ;=< fou< mqj;am;a yd fjí wvú lsysmhla yer wfkl=;a lsisÿ udOHhla
uy jeis fya;=fjka ueKsla*dï wj;eka l|jqrej, ck;djg isÿ jQ úm;a .ek wjOdkh
olajd ;snqfKa ke;' W;=rd .sh jeisls,sj, u< øjH uqiq jQ jeis c,fhka hgjQ l|jqre
krldÈhla jQ wdldrh ms<sn| fõokd;aul jd¾;d" PdhdrEm iys;j uq,skau olskakg
,enqfKa fjí wvú lsysmhlh' fou< mqj;am;a o ta yd iu.dój fjí wvúj, m< jQ
iudk PdhdrEmo iys;j m%Odk mqj;a f,i th jd¾;d lf<ah' kuq;a tajd fjí wvú
jd¾;d ;rï úia;rd;aul fyda ixfõ§ fyda jQfha ke;' miqj bx.S%is mqj;am;a lsysmhla o
wj;eka l|jqre c,fhka hgùu iïnkaO PdhdrEm iuÕ mqj;a m< lf<ah' fjí wvúj,
iy mqj;am;aj, m<jQ iudk PdhdrEm tlu uQ,dY%hlska ,enqKq tajd nj fmfka'

Èk lsysmhla m%udo ù kuq;a isxy, mqj;am;aj, isÿùu jd¾;d lr ;snqfKa m%Odk jYfhka
ta .ek úmCI foaYmd,k{hka md¾,sfïkafõ§ l;d l< neúka yd rcfha n,OdÍka iyk
.ek m%ldY lr ;snQ neúks' wf.daia;= 17 isg 23 olajd i;sfha Èk yhla ;=< isxy,
mqj;am;aj, m< jQ jd¾;d$,sms 20la w;r m%Odk mqj;la fyda l;=jelshla ta iïnkaOfhka
fjkaù ;snqfKa ke;' wju jYfhka mqj; uq,a msgqfõ m< lr ;snqfKa mqj;am;a folla
muKs' kuq;a" md¾,sfïka;=j ;=< úmCI uka;S%jreka l< m%ldY yryd by;ska i|yka lr
we;s wdldrfha wj;eka ck;dj uqyqK ÿka fÄokSh ;;a;ajh hï ;rulg jd¾;d lsÍu
úfYaI ;;a;ajhls' úmCI kdhl rks,a úl%uisxy" hdmkh Èia;s%la uka;S% udfjhs
fiakdêrdcd" ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa uka;S% wkqr l=udr Èidkdhl" rjq*a ylSï" jeks wh

24
l< m%ldY isxy, mqj;am;aj,g uQ,dY% ù ;sìK' tfukau wj;eka jQjka iïnkaOfhka
f.k we;s úi÷ï iïnkaOfhka wud;H uyskao iurisxy" wud;H ßIdoa nÈWoa§ka l<
m%ldYhka o jd¾;dj,g uQ,dY% lr f.k ;sìK' jydu iqÿiq mshjr .kakg ckdêm;sjrhd
l< m%ldYhla" w.ue;sjrhd l< m%ldYhla jd¾;dj, lemS fmksK' ckdêm;sjrhd
m%ldYhla lrkakg ;rï nrm;, wjdikdjka; ;;a;ajhlg wj;ekajQjka uqyqK ÿka
isÿùula jqj;a isxy, mqj;am;aj,g th uq,a msgqfõ mqj;la fkdùh' tmuKla fkdj
furfÜ n,OdÍkag ta .ek m%isoaO m%ldYhla fkdlr ksy~j isàug fkdyels wdldrhg
m%Yakh cd;Hka;r wjOdkhg ,la jQ nj f;areï .; yels jQfha isxy, mqj;a jd¾;d ksid
fkdj wfkl=;a udOH yrydh' flfia fj;;a fï iïnkaOfhka jeäu jd¾;d .Kk jQ
yhla m< lr we;s ,xld§m mqj;amf;a ;Sre ,smshlg fï isÿùu iïnkaOfhka igykla
we;=<;ah' m%uqL;djla fkdue;sj igyka ù ;snqKo" thska m%Yak lr we;af;a zzms<sirKla
fidhd msg;g hd fkdyels fkdks, isrlrejka f,i ;nd f.k isák fuu ck;djg
jeiaig hg jQ l+vdrï ;=< /£ isákakg isÿ jQfha fldá mrdch lsÍu ksid Tjqkg ,enqKq
úuqla;sh ksidoZZ hkqfjks' fuh" Èkm;d cd;sl mqj;am;l udkqIjd§ fldaKfhka fujeks
j.ka;shla m< jQ ÿ¾,N wjia:djls' isxy, mqj;am;a w;ßka jvd jeä wjOdkhlska isÿùu
jd¾;d lr ;snqfKa breÈk yd rdjh mqj;am;a h' tu mqj;am;a ;u úfYaIdx. ,smsj,ska jvd
jeä wjOdkhla fhduq fldg we;' tu ,smsj,ska mj;sk .eg¿ lsysmhla u wkdjrKh lr
we;' breÈk mqj;amf;a jd¾;dlrKh fuf;la udkqIjd§ .eg¿ jd¾;d lsÍfï§ meje;s
ksy~ ms<sfj; ì£uls'

wod, ld,h ;=< rcfha udOH fou< mqj;am; ^;sklrka& yer wfkla mqj;am;a ;=k m%Odk
isria;, 7la" l;=jels 7la we;=¿ jd¾;d 77la m< lrñka" j¾;udk .eg¿ fukau" wj;eka
jQjka wkd.; jeis iufha uqyqK fok Wjÿfrka fírd .ekSfï wjYH;dj o wjOdrKh
lrhs' fudaiï jeiaig fmr wj;eka jQjka h<s mÈxÑ l< hq;= njg rks,a úl%uisxy uy;d
l< m%ldYh issxy, mqj;am;aj, lemS fkdfmkqk kuq;a" iqv¾ T,s mqj;am; th m< fldg
we;af;a m%Odk mqj; f,ihs' wj;eka ckhdf.ka ishhg wiQjla fuu jir ;=< h<s mÈxÑ
lrk nj rch m%ldY l<;a fï olajd mÈxÑ lr we;af;a b;du iq¿ msßila nj tu
jd¾;dfõ i|yka fõ' t,aààB iellrejka 25000la isàkï b;sß ck;dj ksoyia
fkdlrkafka uka±hs hkqfjka lrk m%Yak lsÍu we;=<;aj we;af;a fuu jd¾;dfõ
muKh' fudaiï jeiaig fmr h<s mÈxÑ l< hq;= nj wjOdrKh lsÍug yd c,.e,aug
hgùfuka ck;djg jQ ÿla mSvd jd¾;d lrkakg fou< udOH iqmqreÿ mßÈ cd;Hka;r
udkqIjd§ ixúOdk l< m%ldY" cd;Hka;r udOH jd¾;d" úfoaY yd foaYSh
foaYmd,k{hkaf.a m%ldY" úfYaIfhka foaYSh fou< foaYmd,k{hkaf.a m%ldY wd§ úúO
uQ,dY% Ndú;d fldg we;' isxy, mqj;am;a Ndú;d fkdl< isxy, foaYmd,k{hkaf.a
m%ldY fjk fjku mqj;a i|yd fukau l;=jels i|yd o uQ,dY% fldg f.k we;' ta w;r
isxy, mqj;am;aj,g jvd m%uqL;djla foñka .eg¿j iuyka lsÍug .;a ls%hd ud¾. .ek
rcfha ue;s weue;sjreka l< m%ldY o m< fldg we;' isr lrf.k isák wj;eka ck;dj
fï ;;a;ajhg m;a lsÍfï j.lSu rchg ner l< mqj;a lsysmhla u fou< mqj;am;aj,
olskakg ,eîu úfYaIh' fou< ck;djf.a .eg¿ úi£ug mCIj fou< mqj;am;a uQ,dY%
Wmßu f,i Ndú;d l< wdldrh meyeÈ,s lsÍug fuu wjia:dj ;j;a tla idCIshls'

bx.S%is mqj;am;aj, jd¾;d 18la l;=jels folla yd ldgQkhla m< ù ;sìK' jeäu jd¾;d
.Kk jQ jd¾;d 11la iy ldgQkhla m< lrñka wj;eka jQjkaf.a fÄojdplh .ek
wjOdkh jeä jYfhka fhduq lr ;snqfKa fâ,s ñr¾ mqj;am;hs' fou< mqj;am;a yereKq
fldg wj;eka jQjka iïnkaOfhka jvd idOdrK jd¾;dlrKhl fh§ we;af;a tu
mqj;am;hs' kuq;a" jd¾;d .Kkska wvq jqj;a rdjh mqj;am; fuka" ikafâ ,Sv¾ iy ,laìu
ksjqia mqj;am;a o m%Yakfha .eUqr .ek úuiSula lr we;' rcfha ^fâ,s ksjqia& mqj;amf;a
tlu jd¾;dlrKh jk l;=jelsfhka m%ldY lrkafka wj;eka jQjka fudaiï jeiaig fmr
kej; mÈxÑ l< hq;= njg úúO md¾Yajj,ska lr we;s wjOdrKh m%dfhda.sl fkdjk
njhs' tfukau È whs,kaâ mqj;am; o t;rï idOdrK ia:djrhl msysgd jd¾;d lr ke;'
thska W;aidy .kafka blaukska kej; mÈxÑ l< hq;= njg lrk b,a,Sï idOdrK
fkdjk nj ta;a;= .kajkakgh'

25
1'3 kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï uqjdfjka wj;eka ckhd fjk;a wj;eka l|jqre
fj; heùu'
l|jqrej, meje;s ÿCÅ; ;;a;ajhka wkdjrKh ùug iudkj Tjqka uq,a .ïìïj, mÈxÑ
l< hq;= njg n,mEï cd;sl yd wka;¾cd;sl jYfhka t,a, jkakg úh' tlai;a
cd;Skaf.a ksfhdað;hl= furgg meñKSu;a" ðkSjdyS tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkfha udkj
ysñlï fldñifï 12jk ieisjdrh meje;aùu;a ksid ta y~ m%n, f,i u;= jkakg úh'
tajdg m%;spdr jYfhka rch wj;eka jQjka mÈxÑ lsÍug wod, m%ldY ksl=;a lrkakg úh'
h<s mÈxÑ lsÍu i|yd ck;dj msg;a lsÍfï W;aij mj;ajd tajdfha PdhdrEm jd¾;d
udOHhg ksl=;a lf<a o rch úisks'

2009 iema;eïn¾ 14 isg 20 olajd" fikiqrdod yer ksÍCIKhg ,lajQ Èk yhl ld,h
;=<" fï iïnkaO jd¾;d mqk mqkd jd¾;d lf<a rcfha udOH mqj;am;a h' isxy,
mqj;am;aj, m< jQ jd¾;d 11ka 5la" bx.S%is mqj;am;aj, m<jQ jd¾;d 14ka 8la" fou<
ck;djg mCIj jeäu jd¾;d .Kk m< lr we;s fou< mqj;am;aj, jd¾;d 48ka 4la
rcfha udOH mqj;am;aj,g wh;a úh' úYd, m%uqL;djhlska lr ;snQ fuu jd¾;dj,g tlu
uQ,dY%h rcfha n,OdÍka muKs' hqoaOh iy wj;eka fou< ck;dj iïnkaOfhka rcfha
u;hg wkqj lghq;= lrk nj lemS fmkqk Èjhsk mqj;am; o h<s mÈxÑ lsÍug wod,
mqj;la m< fldg we;'
,xld§m" bßod ,xld§m" rdjh" breÈk hk mqj;am;a m< l< jd¾;dj,ska wkdjrKh lr
;snqfKa" ;ukaf.a .ïìïj,g hdfkd§ ;%ia;jd§ka f,i wj;eka ck;dj r|jd ;nd
.ekSu" wj;eka jQjka kej; mÈxÑ lsÍu iïnkaOfhka rcfha ukao.dó ms<sfj;" Èk
180lska wj;eka ckhdf.ka ishhg 80la h<s mÈxÑ lrk njg ÿka fmdfrdkaÿj fkd;ld
yeÍu" 40000la mÈxÑ l< njg m< jk jd¾;dj, i;H;djla ke;s nj jeks lreKqh'
zzohd udiag¾f.ka" fcda¾Ê udiag¾f.ka wdrCIdjg ;¾ckhla ke;akï irKd.;
l|jqrej, isák wirKhkaf.ka we;s ;¾ckh l=ulao - úmCI kdhl rks,a úl%uisxyZZ
jeks isria;, ta w;r úh' flfia jqj;a" wj;eka jQjka .; lrk fÄokSh isr.; Ôú;h
yd rch Tjqka ksoyia lsÍug .kakd mshjr .ek fkdi;=g fïjdhska m%ldY ùu ksid th
udkqISh mqj;a jd¾;dlrKfha idOkSh wjia:djla úh'

udkqIjd§ mqj;a jd¾;dlrKfha lreKq wkdjrKh lsÍu w;ska b;d jeo.;a mqj;a 3la
fâ,s ñr¾" ikafâ ,Sv¾" ikafâ ghsïia hk bx.S%is mqj;am;aj, m< ù ;sîu úfYaIh' fuu
mqj;aj,ska wkdjrKh lrkafka ta jk úg udOHj,ska fy<sorõ fkdjqK;a isú,a iudcfha
ixfõ§ fldgia lKiai,a,g m;a ù isá ldrKhls' th uyckhdg ryila ù ;snQ
ldrKhls' rEmjdyskS udOH uÕska yd mqj;am;a PdhdrEm uÕska uyckhdg oel .kakg
,enqfKa wj;eka ckhd fldgia jYfhka W;aijdldrfhka uq,a .ïìïj, mÈxÑhg hjk
wdldrhhs' kuq;a" uq,a .ïìïj, mÈxÑ lrkjdhehs m%ldY lrñka msg l< ck;dj kej;;a
mÈxÑ lr we;af;a wod, Èia;s%lalj, w¿;a l|jqrej, nj fuu mqj;am;a jd¾;dj,ska fy<s
lr we;' mqj;a ;=kg wod, ixLHdj, mriamrhka we;;a" fâ,s ñr¾ mqj;amf;a
jd¾;djlska jõkshdfõ l|jqfrka ksoyia l< mjq,a 123la uvl<mqfõ mdi,a foll
l|jqre.; fldg we;s nj fy<s fjhs' fou< cd;sl ikaOdkfha f,alï udfjhs
fiakdêrdcd uQ,dY% fldg .;a ikafâ ,Sv¾ mqj;lska fy<s jkafka miq.sh Èkj, oy
odyl lKavdhula jõkshdfõ l|jqfrka ksoyia l< nj rch m%ldY l<;a Tjqka fhduq
lr we;af;a hdmkh" wïmdr" ;S%l=Kdu,h jeks m%foaYj, w¨;a wj;eka l|jqre fj;
njhs' th úYd, /jàula nj fiakdêrdcd uy;d m%ldY lr we;' tu mqj; ;yjqre lr
.ekSug wdmod iyk fiajd iy kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï wud;HdxYfha f,alï hQ't,a'tï
y,d,a§ka uy;df.ka mqj;am; úuiSula l< úg ;ud ta .ek fkdokakd nj m%ldY lr
we;' nia r:j,ska f.k f.dia wod, m%foaYj, rcfha ks,OdÍkag Ndr §u ;ukaf.a
j.lSu jk w;r thska miq .kakd ls%hd ud¾. .ek kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï wud;HdxYh
fkdokakd nj thska m%ldY fõ' ikafâ ghsïia jd¾;djg we;=<;a jkafka o by; mqj;g

26
iudk wdldrfha mqj;ls' tys uQ,dY%h tlai;a cd;Skaf.a udkqIjd§ lghq;= iïnkaO
iïnkaëlrK ld¾hd,h ksl=;a l< jd¾;djls' fï iïnkaOfhka o lreKq meyeÈ,s lr
.ekSug úuiQ úg by; lS wud;HdxY f,alïjrhd § we;af;a iudk ms<s;=rls'

fm!oa.,sl mqj;am;a ;=k ^iqv¾ T,s" ùrflaiÍ" ;sklal=r,a& wj;eka jQjka h<s blaukska
uq,a .ïìïj, mÈxÑ lrk nj wjOdrKh lrk rcfha mqj;a fukau iqmqreÿ f,i fou<
ckhdf.a hym; wruqKq lrf.k" h<s mÈxÑ lsÍu blauka lsÍu iy wj;eka jQjkaf.a
uQ,sl whs;Ska wdrCId lsÍu i|yd flfrk foaYSh yd cd;Hka;r n,mEï wkdjrKh lrk
m%ldY lsysmhla o uQ,dY% lr f.k we;' wfkla mqj;am;aj, m< jQ f;dr;=rej,g wu;rj"
fudaiï jeiaig fmr wj;eka jQjka .ïìïj, mÈxÑ lsÍfï wjOdrKh iys; mqj;a i|yd
uQ,dY% fidhd f.k we;' by; lS bx.S%is mqj;am;a jd¾;d fuka" h<s mÈxÑ lsÍfï uqjdfjka
lrk /jàu fy<s lrk mqj;a lsysmhlau fou< mqj;am;aj, m< ù we;' udfjhs
fiakdêrdcd uQ,dY% lr .;a mqj;lg wkqj" i;shlg fmr 6000la h<s mÈxÑ l< nj m%ldY
l<;a f.k f.dia we;af;a 580ls' Tjqka o f.k f.dia we;af;a fjk;a l|jqrlgh' fuh
zzisr f.hlska isr f.hlg wj;eka ckhd udre lsÍulaZZ nj fiakdêrdcd m%ldY lr we;'
wj;eka jQjka uq,a .ï ìïj, fkdj fjk;a l|jqrej, mÈxÑ lsÍu ;yjqre lr .ekSug
yels ;j;a mqj;la ;sklal=r,a mqj;amf;a úh' rcfha ks,Odßhl= uQ,dY% lr .;a tu mqj;g
wkqj iema;eïn¾ 14 hdmkhg f.k wd 505lska 179la muKla fõ,fkhs m%foaYfha mÈxÑ
fldg we;' tfukau 367 fofkl= f.k f.dia uvl<mqfõ isxy, uyd úoHd,fha l|jqrg
fhduq lr we;s nj" nia y;rlska wïmdrg f.k .sh 130 fofkla fmd,sia nqoaê wxYj,"
m%foaYSh f,alï iy .%du fiajlf.a mÍCIKj,ska miq ldr;sõ úmq,dkkao mdi,g ±uQ
nj;a miqj Tjqka wlalfrhsm;a;= yuqod l|jqr bÈßmsg mdi,lg oud we;s nj ^Tjqka mdi,
mgka .kakg fmr ù .nvdjlg hjk nj;a mdi, wjika jQ miq kej; mdi,g tjk
nj;a i|yka fõ& we;=¿ wj;eka jQjkaf.a brKu iïnkaO fÄokSh isÿùï .Kkdjla
fou< mqj;am;a jd¾;d lr we;' fou< mqj;am;aj, isÿùï jd¾;d jqj;a tajdfha lemS
fmfkk jD;a;ShuhNdjfha wvq mdvqlï ksid m%n,;ajh u;=ùu wvqh' bx.S%is mqj;am;a
folla udfjhs fiakdêrdcdf.a m%ldYh ;yjqre lr .ekSug wod, rdcH wxYfha ks,Odßhd
uQ,dY%hla f,i Ndú;d lsÍu ksid Tyq ÿka ms<s;=frka /jàula isÿ jk njg woyila ,nd
.; yelsh' fou< udOH jeä mqj;a m%udKhla bÈßm;a l<;a" ta yryd wfkla udOHhg
jvd fjkia isÿùï wkdjrKh jqj;a tajd ksrjq,a lr .ekSug yels uQ,dY% Ndú;d
fkdlrK fyhska m%n,;ajh wvq lr .kS'

2' hqo Wml%uhla f,i ia;S%ka ¥IKh lr we;s njg f;dr;=re we;ehs
wefußldkq rdcH f,alïjßh l< m%ldYh
lduql wmrdOj,g f.dÿreùu" hqoaOhl§ ia;S%ka uqyqK fok nrm;,u fÄojdplj,ska
tlla f,i f,dalh u ms<s.kS' ia;S% ¥IKh hqo Wml%uhla$wúhla f,i Ndú;d lsÍu
iïnkaO WodyrK fndfyduhla f,dal b;sydifha wkdjrKh ù we;' YS% ,xldfõ meje;s
hqoaOh wdYs%;j tjeks isÿùï ms<sn| y~la 2009 Tlaf;dan¾ ui uq, isg i;s follgla jeä
l,la YS% ,xldfõ ckudOH yryd hï muKlg u;= úh' thg fya;=j jQfha tlai;a
cd;Skaf.a wdrCIl ljqkais,fha§ wefußldkq rdcH f,alï ys,ß la,skagka uy;añh l<
m%ldYhls' fndiakshdj" nqreuh yd YS% ,xldj jeks rgj,a hqo Wml%uhla f,i ia;S%ka
¥IKh lr we;s njg f;dr;=re we;ehs weh l< m%ldYh yryd ia;S%ka iïnkaO fuu
.eg¿j u;= úh' kuq;a" fuu m%ldYh mokï lrf.k YS% ,xldj ;=< we;s jQfha hqoaOh ;=<
ia;S%ka uqyqK ÿka iqúfYaI .eg¿ ms<sn| wkdjrKh ùula fkdfõ' tu m%ldYhg t,a, jQ
±ä úfrdaOhg wod, m%ldY yd ls%hdldrlïj,g wod,j m< jQ mqj;a ksid is;kakg hula
b;sß jQjd muKs' ^¥IKh hk jpkh Ndú;d lsÍu .ek újdohla mj;S' fndfyda úg
Ndú;d lrkafka lduql wmrdOhla" ,sx.sl wmrdOhla" ,sx.sl flf,iSula jeks jpkh&

rfÜ ckdêm;s" w.ue;s we;=¿ rcfha n,OdÍkaf.a úfrdaO;d m%ldY mqj;am;a jd¾;d w;r
úh' fy< Wreuh mCIh úfrdaO;djla mj;ajd tu m%ldYhg tfrysj w;aika tl;= lsÍfï

27
jHdmdrhla o wdrïN l< nj jd¾;d úh' ia;S%ka hqoaOhl§ uqyqK fok w;jr .ek
l;sldjla f.dv ke.Su fjkqjg ys,ß la,skagkag yd iy wefußldjg tfrys m%ydrd;aul
,sms lsysmhla o iuyr isxy, udOHj, m< ù ;snqKs' ,shd we;s ,sms yd n,OdÍka l<
m%ldYj,ska wjOdrKh lr ;snqfKa" YS% ,xldfõ wdrCIl yuqod tjeks lsisÿ jrola
fkdlrK wh njhs' tfukau" wefußldkq yuqod ta ta rgj, l< ia;S% ¥IK yd ,sx.sl
wmrdO fy<sorõ lr we;' tfia fy<sorõ lrñka tu f,aLlhka myr .id ;snqfKa" YS%
,xldfõ yuqodjkaf.a ku i|yka l< ys,ß la,skag h' wefußldkq yuqod hqoaOfha§ ,sx.sl
wmrdO lroa§ ys,ß YS% ,xldfõ yuqod .ek i|yka lsÍu .ek fldamh tajd uÕska m< úh'
wehf.a ieñhd fudksld f,fjkaials kï ;reKsh iuÕ wkshï in|;djla mj;ajd ;sìh§
weh YS% ,xldfõ yuqod hqo wúhla f,i ia;S% ¥IKh Ndú;d lr we;s njg lreKq we;ehs
lSfuka lf<a je/oaola nj wÕjhs' flfia fj;;a fuu fldam iy.; ,sùï uÕska wfkla
w;g nqoaêu;a mdGlhkg Tmamq lrk ,oafoa hqoaOhl§ ,sx.sl wmrdO isÿ jk njh'

2006 isg 2009 olajd ld,h ;=< YS% ,xldfõ hqoaOfha§ ia;S%kag tfrys ,sx.sl wmrdO hqo
wúhla f,ig Ndú;d lr we;s njg lreKq ke;ehs fuu m%ydrj,g miqj wefußldkq
rdcH fomd¾;fïka;=j ksfõokh lf<ah' ta iïnkaOfhka YS% ,xldfõ ckdêm;s" w.ue;s
we;=¿ n,OdÍkaf.a m%idoh we;=<;a jd¾;d o ta iuÕu m< ù ;snqKs' tfy;a oil ;=klg
wdikak b;sydihlg ysñlï lS" YS% ,xldfõ hqoaOh ;=< ia;S%ka uqyqK ÿka iqúfYaI
jHikhka .ek wjOdkfhka isáhdkï" hdmkfha ls%Ydka;s l=udriajdñ kï isiqúhg yd
;S%l=Kdu,fha fldafkaYajÍg w;ajQ brKu .ek udOHhg wu;l jkakg fya;=jla ke;'
tajd m%isoaOhg m;a jQ isÿùïh' ls%Ydka;s l=udriajdñ isiqúhg ,sx.sl wmrdO isÿ fldg urd
±uQfha yuqod uqr fmd<l§h' th isÿ jQfha hqoaOh mj;sk úg o fkdfõ' hdmkfha iduhg
fodrgq újr jQ l,lh' hdmkfha úYaj úoHd, wdpdrhjrekaf.a ix.ufha lD;shla jQ ì÷Kq
;,a /l lD;sfha bkaÈhdkq yuqod W;=re kef.kysr l< ia;S% ¥IK /ila .ek WodyrK
olajd we;' ta ish,af,ka yd YS% ,xldfõ udOH ys,ßg tfrysj u;la lr ÿka wefußldkq
yuqod ls%hd l<dmhka Tiafiao meyeÈ,s jkafka f,dalfha hqoaOj,§ ia;S%kag tfrys hqo
wúhla f,i ,sx.sl wmrdO isÿ ù we;s nj jqj;a tjeks úpdrhla lrkakg fuu m%ldYh
uQ,dY% ù we;s wdldrh udOHhg f;areï .sh njla fkdfmfka' ke;fyd;a tjeks
ks¾NS;lula udOHhg ;sî ke;' tfia;a fkdue;skï tjeks wjYH;djla ;sî ke;'

3 uQ,sl whs;sjdislï Èkd .ekSu i|yd .;a wêlrKuh ls%hd ud¾.

wj;eka jQjkaf.a uQ,sl whs;sjdislï Èkd .ekSu i|yd uQ,sl whs;sjdislï fm;aiï 3la
cQks 21 jeksod jk úg fYa%IaGdêlrKhg bÈßm;a ù ;sìK'
hqoaOfhka miq jd¾;dlrKfha§ isxy, iy bx.S%is mqj;am;a lsysmhla b;d iq¿ m%.;shla
fmkajQ ;j;a wjia:djla f,i fuu isÿùï jd¾;d lsÍu ±laúh yelsh'

fm;aiï ;=< bÈßm;a l< mqoa.,hka

1' cQks 12 - úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh iy tys úOdhl wOHCI mdlHfida;s irjkuq;a;= uy;d

wj;eka jQjkaf.a ksoyfia .uka lsÍfï uQ,sl whs;sh W,a,x>Kh ù we;s nj fmkakd
foñka tu ksoyi ,nd §ug j.lsjhq;a;kag ksfhda. lrk f,i fYa%aIaGdêlrKfhka
b,a,d isà'
2' wj;ekajQjka mia fofkl= fjkqfjka Tjqkaf.a {d;shl= jk ks;s{ f.!Í ix.Í foajrdid
wj;eka jQjka mia fokd
1' udKslHrdcd isjmdlHï ^68&
2' fchrdks iqf¾kaøkdoka
3' fmdkakqidñ iqf¾kaøkdoka
4' fidmsld iqf¾kaøkdoka ^13&
5' fkaikd iqf¾kaøkdoka ^10&

28
^2"3 iy 5 wxl ork mqoa.,hka ;sfokd ^uj" mshd iy mq;d& isákafka isjm%ldY úoHd,fha l|jqf¾
h' wxl 1 iy 4 fofokd ^wdÉÖ iy ñksìÍ - iqf¾kaøkdoka hqj,f.a ÈhKsh iy uj& isákafka
fldälduï wj;eka l|jqf¾ h'
mjq,la f,i ;ukag tlaj Ôj;a ùug we;s uQ,sl whs;sh" Tjqka fjka lr fjku
l|jqrej, ;nd ;sîfuka W,a,x>Kh ù we;s nj m%ldY lrñka" Tjqkaf.a tlg Ôj;a ùfï
whs;sh ,nd fok f,i b,a,d we;
3' cQks 18 - wj;eka jQjkaf.a iqj ÿla ne,Sug hEug wjir fkd,enqKq úmCI uka;S%jreka mia
fofkla

1' fodia;r ch,;a chj¾Ok

2' ,CIauka fifkúr;ak
3' ux., iurùr
4' fudfyduâ iy,a w,s
5' ufkda .fkaIka

cQks 13 isg 21 olajd ld,h ;=< rcfha mqj;am; o iuÕ Èkm;d isxy, mqj;am;a y;r u
uka;S%jreka f.dkq l< uQ,sl whs;sjdislï fm;aiu .ek úfYaI;ajhlska f;drj kuq;a m<
lr we;' uQ,sl whs;sjdislï fm;aiula .ek tlu jd¾;dj m< l< rcfha udOH mqj;am;
jQfha ÈkñK h' tfukau udkqIjd§ mqj;a jd¾;d lsÍfï§ fjkod l< wdldrhg w.;Ska yd
úfYaIK thg tla fkdlr fláfhka mqj; muKla jd¾;d fldg we;' kuq;a" wj;eka
jQjka uqyqK fok m%Odk uQ,sl whs;sjdislï .eg¿ lsysmhla wkdjrKh lr we;s wfkla
fm;aiï folg wod, lsisjla tys jd¾;d jQfha ke;'

úfoaY ksfhdað;hka" foaYmd,k{hka /ilg wj;eka l|jqrej,g hEug bv § we;;a YS%

,xldfõ úmCI uka;S%jreka yeáhg wj;eka jQjkaf.a ÿl iem ne,Sug hEug ;ukag we;s
whs;sh W,a,x>Kh lr we;ehs m%ldY lrñka uka;S%jreka mia fofkl= f.dkq l<
fm;aiug jeä bv m%udKhla ÿka ,xld§m mqj;am; Bg ;rula wvq bvla fjka lrñka
úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh f.dkq l< fm;aiu iïnkaO mqj; o m< fldg we;' fuu
fm;aiug we;=<;a jQ wj;eka jQjka uqyqK fok m%Odk .eg¿j,ska lsysmhla jd¾;djg
fláfhka we;=<;a lsÍu o ÿ¾,N isÿùuls' ,laìu mqj;am; o l=vd mqj;la f,i uQ,sl
woyi tys igyka fldg we;' ta w;r fjkod fujeks mqj;a jd¾;d lsÍfï§ fhdok
úfYaIK w.;Ska yd ;u u;h fuu mqj;aj,g tla fldg ke;' úfYaIfhka isxy,
mqj;am;a udkqIjd§ .eg¿j,g wod, mqj;a jd¾;d lsÍfï§ hqoaOh meje;s jljdkqfõ
wkq.ukh lf<a m%ydrd;aul l%ufõohls' uq,a mqj; fjkqjg m< jQfha n,Odßhl= lrk
m%ydrhla uQ,dY% lr .;a fojeks mqj;h' tu mqj;aj,g fhdok isria;, yd bÈßm;a lrk
NdIdj wkqj mqj;am; o tu m%ydrj,g wkq.; njla olakg ,eìK' tkï" m%ydrlhkag
mCImd;S njla lemS fmksK' rcfha udOH iy ;j;a mqj;am;a lsysmhla ;ukao m%ydrlhka
f,i lghq;= lf<ah' mjq,la f,i tlg Ôj;a ùfï uQ,sl whs;sh W,a,x>Kh lr we;s nj
m%ldY lrñka wj;eka jQjka úiska f.dkq l< fm;aiu iïnkaO mqj; lsisÿ isxy,
mqj;am;la jd¾;d lr ;snqfKa ke;'

fm!oa.,sl fou< mqj;am;a ;=k uka;S%jreka f.dkq l< fm;aiug wfkla ish¨ u
mqj;am;aj,g jvd jeä m%uqL;djla § we;' Tjqka fuu mqj; m< lr we;af;a m%Odk mqj;a
f,i ùu o úfYaIhls' PdhdrEmhla o iuÕ tu m%Odk mqj;a m< lr we;' fm;aifuka u;=
lrk uQ,sl ;¾lh fuu m%Odk mqj;a ;=kg u we;=<;a lr ;sfnk w;r thska mqj;am;a
folla fm;aiu f.dkq l< uka;S%jreka lsysm fofkla l< m%ldY o uQ,dY% fldg f.k
we;' wj;eka l|jqre ;=< Ôj;a jkakkaf.a uQ,sl whs;sjdislï W,a,x>Kh lsÍu
wêlrKh bÈßfha wNsfhda.hg ,la lrñka tu whs;sjdislï /l fok f,i b,a,d isá"
fm;aiï folg wod, mqj;a o tl ne.ska tu mqj;am;a ;=k m< lr we;' fm;aiï ;=k
iïnkaOfhkau tla mqj; ne.ska mqj;a 9la m< lr ;snqfKa tu mqj;am;a ;=k muKs'

29
úmCI uka;S%jreka f.dkq l< fm;aiu iïnkaO mqj;" fâ,s ñr¾" whs,kaâ iy ,laìu
ksjqia hk mqj;am;a fm;aiu f.dkq lsÍug fYA%IaGdêlrKhg .sh uka;S%jrekaf.a
PdhdrEmhla o iuÕ m< fldg we;' jeä f;dr;=re iys;j th jd¾;d lr we;af;a fâ,s
ñr¾ mqj;am;hs' wfkla fm;aiï fol iïnkaOfhka jd¾;d lsÍfï§ wfkla ish¨
mqj;am;aj,g jvd lemS fmkqfka fâ,s ñr¾ mqj;am;hs' úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh bÈßm;a
l< fm;aiug wod, mqj;a folla" Èk foll§ ;rul f,dl= l¿ wl=frka lemS fmfkk
f,i we;=,a msgqjl m< lr we;' fm;aifuka wjOdrKh lr we;s wj;eka jQjka uqyqK §
we;s .eg¿ lsysmhla fldgqjla ;=< (Fact Box) wjOdrKh lrñka ta iuÕ fm;aiu
bÈßm;a l< úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøfha úOdhl wOHCIjrhdf.a l=vd PdhdrEmhla o m<
lr we;' tfukau wj;eka l|jqrl ^l¿ iqÿ& l=vd PhdrEmhla o úh'

kS;sfha iudk /ljrKh yd iudk ie,lSu ,eîug we;s whs;sh" r|jd .ekSfuka yd
wkjYH$ys;=jlaldÍ w;awvx.=jg .ekSfuka ksoyia ùug we;s whs;sh" leue;s ´kEu
kS;Hdkql+, /lshdjla lsÍug we;s whs;sh" YS% ,xldj ;=< Ôj;a ùug leue;s ;ekla f;dard
.ekSug iy ksoyfia .uka lsÍug we;s whs;sh W,a,x>Kh lr we;s nj m%ldY lrk
f,i b,a,d we;s fm;aifï uQ,sl yrh yd lreKq fâ,s ñr¾ m<uq jd¾;djg we;=<;a fõ'
fuu jd¾;dj Tiafia wj;eka jQjka uqyqK § we;s uQ,sl whs;sjdislï yd udkqIjd§ .eg¿
/ila u wfkl=;a jd¾;dj,g jvd meyeÈ,sj wkdjrKh fõ' fojeks jd¾;dfjka fm;aiu
i,ld neÆ úksiqre u~q,a, ta i|yd l,a b,a,d we;s nj ;j;a úia;r iuÕ jd¾;d lr
we;' uq,a jd¾;djg fjkiaj" j.W;a;rlrejl=f.a kula bj;a ù fjk;a kï we;=,;a ù
we;;a thg fya;=j meyeÈ,s lsÍula olajd ke;' fya;=j" isÿjk w;miqùï .ek ;uka
úiska ksje/È lsÍula lsÍug mqj;am;aj, fkdleue;a; fyda jd¾;d lsÍfï§ isÿjk
w;miqùï fkd;ld yeÍu fyda úh yelsh'

wj;eka jQjka mia fofkl= fjkqfjka Tjqkaf.a {d;s kS;s{jßhl ^kS;s{ f.!Í ix.Í
foajrdid& bÈßm;a lr we;s uQ,sl whs;sjdislï fm;aiu iïnkaOfhka o jvd f;dr;=re
iys; jd¾;djla m< lr lr we;s fâ,s ñr¾ mqj;am;" by;ska kï i|yia l< uj" mshd"
iShd iy ore fofokd we;=¿ tlu mjqf,a mia fofkl=g fjkaù" fjkia l|jqrej, Ôj;a
jkakg isÿ ù we;s wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrhs' mjq,a leã úisÍ Ôj;a jkakg wj;ekajQjkag
isÿ ù we;s fÄokSh brKu fuhska b;d fyd¢ka f;areï .; yelsh' fuu isÿùï jd¾;d
lsÍfï§" ;ukaf.a úfYaIK fkdue;sj yd w.;Skaf.ka f;drj yeisÍ we;s fâ,s ñr¾
mqj;am;" tla w;lska jvd jD;a;Shuh yd iunr nj o m%lg lr we;' wfkla w;ska isÿùï
;=k u uÕ fkdyer hEfuka" mYapd;a hqo udkqIjd§ mqj;a jd¾;d lsÍug myiqfjka
,efnk uQ,dY% Ndú;d lsÍug W;aidy lrk njla o fmkajd we;' hqo iuh ;=< mjd b;d
ks¾NS;j uyck hym; fjkqfjka jd¾;d l< o fou< mqj;am;aj, fï wdldrfha iunr
yd jD;a;Shuh ksmqK;djfhka hq;a bÈßm;a lsÍula olakg ,enqfKa wvqfjks' ;j;a bßod
bx.S%is mqj;am;l úfYaIdx. ,smshl úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh iy kS;s{ f.!Í ix.Í
bÈßm;a l< fm;aiï .ek i|yka fõ'

whs,kaâ mqj;am; o fuu isÿùï fol iïnkaOfhka l=vd mqj;a folla m< lr we;s w;r
fm;aiïj,ska flfrk uQ,sl b,a,Su tajdfha igyka fõ' w.;Skaf.ka f;drj jd¾;d lr
;sîu úfYaIhls'

4 fmdaoao, chka; oreKq m%ydrhlg ,laùu ^ cQks 01&

YS% ,xld jD;a;Sh mqj;am;a l,dfõ§kaf.a ix.ufha f,alï fmdaoao, chka; meyer f.k
f.dia nrm;, f,i myr § ll=,la lvd wxf.dv m%foaYfha ,kaolg úis lr hEfï
isÿùu miqod ish¨ mqj;am;aj, jd¾;d úh' rcfha udOH mqj;am;aj,ska jeo.;alula §
;snqfKa ckdêm;sjrhd isÿùu wid l< m%ldYhlgh' zzfmdaoao, wysxilfhlaZZ hehs tu
m%ldYj,ska lsheúK' kuq;a" rchg kïud .; fkdyels jQ udOHfõ§ka fødaySka njg m;a
lrk nrm;, fpdaokd t,a, lrñka" fmdaoao, chka; we;=¿ udOHfõ§ka Èh;a l<

30
Woaf>daIKj, o¾Yk we;=<;a mqj;a úfYaIdx. ks;r tu Èkj, úldYkh lf<a rcfha
rEmjdyskS fiajd uÕsks' úfYaIfhka rcfha isxy, mqj;am; yryd o tu m%ydrhka isÿ úh'
udOH ksoyi fjkqfjka lghq;= lrk udOHfõ§ka ksy~ lsÍug fukau Tjqka fødaySka
f,i i,lk u;hla f.dv ke.Sug hqoaOh wjika miq rcfha n,OdÍkaf.a ;=reïmqj jQfha"
fldákaf.ka uqo,a .;a udOHfõ§kaf.a ,ehsia;=jls' fuu ,ehsia;=j lsisod fy<s fkdl<;a"
tjeks ,ehsia;=jla fy<sorõ lrk nj rcfha mqj;am;aj, fukau ;j;a mqj;am;a lsysmhl
h<s h<s;a m< úh' fmdaoao,g myr §u isÿ jQfha tjeks jd;djrKhla hgf;ah' miqj"
fmdaoao, jrola lr ke;s nj ckudOH weue;sjrhd udOH yuqjl§ l< m%ldYh rcfha
udOH jd¾;d lf<a ke;' Tyqg uer m%ydrh t,a, jQ i;sh ;=< l;=jels 7lska fmdaoao,g
m%ydr t,a, lsÍug tfrys u;hla yd udOH u¾okfha iajNdjh .ek woyia bÈßm;a lr
;sîu úfYaIh' ta w;r tu i;sh ;=< o fldákaf.ka uqo,a .;a udOHfõ§ka .ek ±ä
m%ydrd;aul l;=jels folla rcfha udOH isxy, mqj;amf;a iy ;j;a mqj;am;l úh'
udOHfõ§ka uqyqK § isák u¾okldÍ ;;a;ajfha iajNdjh fmkakqï lrk yd >d;k yd
m%ydr iïnkaO fmd,sia mÍCIK isÿ jk ydiHckl wdldrh fmkakqï lrk ldgQka 7lao
tu i;sh ;=< m< ù ;sìK' udOH u¾okh idOdrKSlrKh ldgQka folla o mqj;am;a
foll olakg ,eîfuka tu mqj;am;aj, wruqK mdGlhkg meyeÈ,s fõ' wfkla w;ska"
jd¾;dlrKfha§ iuyr mqj;am;a fmkajk keUqrej u¾okhg hg;a ùfuka isÿ jQjla
fkdj" ;ukaf.a ia:djrh ksid isÿjkakla nj fujeks wjia:dj,§ meyeÈ,s fjhs'
udOHfõ§ka rcfha wjYH;dj wkqju lghq;= l< hq;= njg weÕùula Tjqka úiska lr
we;' fmdaoao, meyer f.k f.dia nrm;, ;=jd, isÿ l< wh fiùu mfil ;sìh§"
fmd,Sish úiska w;awvx.=jg .;af;a" meyer .ekSu ±k.;a jydu fmd,Sishg yd wod,
wxYj,g ta nj ±kqï ÿka ;j;a udOHfõÈka fofofkls' tu wúpdrh .ek mqj;am;a
lsysmhl idudkH jd¾;d lsÍulg tyd .sh lemS fmfkk jd¾;d lsÍula olakg ,enqfKa
ke;'

5 wefidaisfhagâ fm%ia mqj;a fiajdfõ fld<U ìhqfrdafõ m%OdkS rú

fkiaudkaf.a ùid È.= n,m;a È.= lsÍu m%;sCIam lsÍu'
hqoaOh wjika jQ miq iuyr udOH hï hï wjia:dj,§ udkqISh mqj;a jd¾;dlrKfha
lsishï iq¿ fjkil m%jK;dj fmkajQ kuq;a" tu wjldYh t;rï ksrjq,a ke;s nj ikd:
l< tla isÿùula jQfha wefidaisfhagâ fm%ia mqj;a fiajdfõ fld<U ìhqfrdafõ m%OdkS rú
fkiaudkaf.a ùid n,m;a È.= lsÍu m%;sCIam lsÍuhs' cd;Hka;r udOH uÕska YS% ,xldfõ
wj;eka jQjka iïnkaOfhka je/È f;dr;=re m< l< njg wod, n,OdÍka úiska nrm;,
fpdaokd t,a, lsÍu o ta yd iu.dój isÿ úh' tla w;lska fuu isÿùï YS% ,xldfõ
udOHhg wk;=re wÕjkakla jQ w;r wfkla w;ska jd¾;dlrKfha mCI.%dyS nj yd
wúpdrh m%Yak lrkaklao úh'

rú fkiaudkaf.a ùid È.= lsÍu m%;sCIam lsÍug fya;=j Tyq l< jd¾;dlrKhka fkdjk
nj rch wjOdrKh l< o fï mqj; jd¾;d l< mqj;am;a 3la ta i|yd uQ,dY%hla lr .;a
wfidaisfhagâ mqj;a fiajfha cd;Hka;r mqj;a wxYfha fcHIaG l<ukdlrK l¾;Djrhd o
lshd we;af;a fya;=j jd¾;dlrKh ñi fjk;a fohla fkdjk njh' fâ,s ñr¾" whs,kaâ
hk bx.S%is mqj;am;a fol iy iqv¾ T,s fou< mqj;am; rú fkiaudkaf.a ùid È.= lsÍu
m%;sCIam lsÍug wod, mqj; idOdrK yd iunr wdldrhlg jd¾;d lr ;snqKs' tu
mqj;aj,g tla lr .;a ;j;a uQ,dY%hla jQ ckdêm;s ld¾hd,fha cd;Hka;r udOH wOHCI
ÆIka rdclreKdkdhlg wkqj" ùid È.= fkdlsÍu rcfha idudkH ms<sfj; wkqj isÿ ù
we;' jd¾;dlrejkag ùid n,m;a ,nd fokafka jir follg wod, ld,hlgh' tfy;a"
wefidaisfhagâ fm%ia mqj;a fiajfha cd;Hka;r mqj;a wxYfha fcHIaG l<ukdldr
l¾;Djrhd wkdjrKh lr we;af;a rú fkiaudkag fmr isá m%Odkshd 1997 isg 2007
olajd jir 10la Y%S ,xldfõ isg jd¾;d l< njhs' fuu lreKqj,g wu;rj iqv¾ T,s
mqj;am; ;;a;ajh meyeÈ,s lsÍu i|yd ;j;a lreKq lsysmhla tla lr we;' ta wkqj
f.jqKq jirl ld,h ;=< úfoaYSh jd¾;dlrejka 11 fofkl=g ráka msgùug isÿ jQ nj o"

31
2006 isg udOHfõ§ka 14la >d;kh lr we;s njo tys i|yka fõ' flfia fj;;a isÿùu
jd¾;d lsÍfï§ wod, fomd¾Yajhkau uQ,dY% lr .ekSu ksid rú fkiaudkaf.a ùid
m%;sfCIam lsÍu idOdrK fya;= u; isÿ jQjla fkdjk nj wkdjrKh lsÍug fuu
mqj;am;aj,g yelshdj ,eî we;' tfia fkdue;skï thg n,mEfõ Tyqf.a jd¾;d lsÍu
rchg mCImd;S fkdùj nj wkdjrKh fõ'

isÿùu ksÍCIKh l< cQ,s 20 isg 26 olajd ld,h ;=< mqj; jd¾;d lr we;af;a tla isxy,
mqj;am;la jQ Èjhsk mqj;am; muKs' mqj;g fhdod we;s isria;,fhka u isÿùu
iïnkaOfhka mqj;am; ork fldam iy.; wdl,amh t<sorõ fjhs' zzwj;eka l|jqre
ysÜ,¾f.a jO l|jqrej,g iudk l< udOHfõÈhd furáka hjhsZZ hkqfjka isria;,h
fhdoñka" zzúis oyilg wêl øúv ck;djla YS% ,xldfõ§ iuQ, >d;kh ù we;s njg
f,dj mqrd idjoH f;dr;=re m%pdrh l< úfoaY udOHfõÈhl= jQ rú fkiauka kue;a;d
;j ÿrg;a furg /£ isàug l< b,a,Su rch m%;sCIam lsÍu ksid Bfha ^22& ráka msgj
f.dia we;ZZ hkqfjka mqjf;a uq,a fþoh igyka lr we;' wfkla mqj;am;a fhdod .;a
uQ,dY% lsisjla Ndú;d fkdlr" úis odyla ñh .sh njg tlai;a cd;Skaf.a idjoH jd¾;djla
imhd we;af;a fudyq úiska njg nqoaê wxY fidhd f.k ;snQ nj wjidkhg lshhs'
jd¾;dj iDcqju udOHfõÈhdg$udkqIjd§ mqj;a jd¾;dlrKhg tfrys ia:djrhla .kS'
fuu mqj; jd¾;d l< mqj;am; hqoaOhg miqj fyda udkqIjd§ mqj;a jd¾;dlrKfha§ t;rï
hym;a j¾Okhla fmkajd ;snqfKa ke;'

Bg wu;ru bßod ,xld§m mqj;am; cd;Hka;r udOH Y%S ,xldj iïnkaOfhka fndre
lshk nj úia;r lrk ,smshla m< lr we;' zztf;r mqj;am;a lshk l;dZZ kï
úfYaIdx.fha zzhqoaOh úl=Kd f.k lE cd;Hka;r ck udOHZZ hk Wm isria;,h hgf;a
uqo,a bmhSu i|yd cd;Hka;r udOH YS% ,xldj iïnkaOfhka wi;H f;dr;=re jd¾;d
lrk njg fpdaokd lrhs' YS% ,xldfõ wj;eka l|jqrej, i;shlg 1400la ñh hk nj cQ,s
9 jeksod ,kavka ghsïia mqj;am; jd¾;d lr ;snQ nj" hqoaOfha wjika i;s lsysmfha§ isú,a
jeishka úisodyla ñh f.dia we;s nj 29 jeksod th jd¾;d lr ;snQ nj" pek,a 4
rEmjdysksh È.gu YS% ,xldj iïnkaOfhka fndre jd¾;d lrk nj" wd§ lreKq /ila tu
f,aLlhd bÈßm;a lrhs' tod hqoaOh .ek fndre ,shd ±ka wj;eka jQjka .ek fndre ,shk
njg o Tyq fpdaokd lrhs' ksõfhda¾la ghsïia" fâ,s fg,s.%d*a mqj;am;ao tfia fndre ,shd
we;s nj lshhs' f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSfï ks, whs;shla fkdue;s yd rcfha wkque;shg
hg;aj ,efnk hqo yd udkqIjd§ f;dr;=re muKla jd¾;d lsÍug udOHhg isÿ ù ;sìh§"
udOH ksoyi yd ksje/È f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSfï whs;sh .ek wixfõ§ jd¾;dlrKhla
fuu isxy, mqj;am;a jd¾;d foflka isÿ ù we;s wdldrh fï wkqj meyeÈ,s úh'

cd;Hka;r udOH jd¾;dj,g tfrysj iDcqju rcfha n,OdÍkaf.a úfrdaO;dj t,a, ù

we;af;a wj;eka l|jqrej, isÿjk urK iïnkaOfhka m< jQ jd¾;djla iïnkaOfhka
nj tu i;sh ;=< n,OdÍkaf.a m%ldY weiqßka l< jd¾;dj,ska meyeÈ,s úh' je/È
f;dr;=re m< jQjdkï ksje/È f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug yels ms<sfj;la ;sìh hq;= njg
l;sldjla f.dvke.Sug udOHhg th uyÕ= wjldYhla úh' lshk wdldrhg fyda
;ukaf.a mCImd;s;ajh wkqj fyda jd¾;d jQjd ñi th isÿ jQfhao ke;'

6 ;%ia;jdoh je<elaùfï mk; hgf;a udOHfõ§ fÊ' tia' ;siaikdh.ïg isr

o~qjï kshu lsÍu
hqo ;;a;ajh hgf;a fou< ck;djg isoqjk ysrsyer iïnkaOfhka ,sms folla ,shd m<
lsÍfï jrog ;%ia;jdoh je<elaùfï mk; hgf;a chm%ldYa is;a;ïm,ï ;siaikdh.ï
^;sfihskdh.ï& w;awvx.=jg .kq ,enQfha 2008 ud¾;= ui 07 jeksodh' Tyq tu ,sms m< l<
fkda;a Biagka uka;a,s iÕrdfõ l;=jrhd fjhs' fpdaokd ;=kla hgf;a Tyqg nrm;, jev
we;sj jir 20l isr o~qjï kshu lrkq ,enQfha 2009 wf.daia;= ui 31 jeksodh' ta jk úg
Èk 425la ;%ia; úu¾Yk tallfha r|jd f.k ;snqKs' Tyq jrolre lr ;snqKq ,sms ,shd

32
;snqfKa 2006 cQks 01 isg 2007 cQks 01 olajd ld,h ;=<§h' tu ,smsj, fldgia ;%ia;jdoh
wjqiaik iq¿ jk njg ;Skaÿ l< wêlrKh ta fjkqfjka jir 5l o~qjul=;a" tu ,sms m<
l< iÕrdj ixialrKh lr" m< fldg" fnod yeÍu fjkqfjka jir 5l o~qjul=;a"
iÕrdj yryd ;%ia;jdohg uqo,a tl;= lsÍfï fpdaokdj hgf;a jir 10l o~qjul=;a
jYfhka jir 20l isr o~qjula Tyqg kshu lf<ah'

fuu kvq ;Skaÿj f,dal udOH fCIa;%h u le<öug iu;a jQ tlla úh' th YS% ,xldfõ
udOHfõ§kag ,sùfï§ mßiaiï ùug nrm;, wk;=re weÕùula úh' tfukau th lsisfia;a
iajdëk ;Skaÿjla f,ig ms<s.ekSug ,la jQfhao ke;' ;Skaÿjg miq Èk Èkm;d isxy,
mqj;am;a y;r u th jd¾;d lr ;snQ w;r mqj;am;a follg th m%Odk mqj; ù ;snqKs'
kuq;a kvq ;Skaÿj idOdrKSlrKh lrk keUqrejlska tu m%Odk mqj;a ilia lr ;sìK'
wfkla mqj;am;a fol uq,a msgqfõ l=vd mqj;a f,i ;Skaÿj jd¾;d lr ;snqKs' tla
mqj;am;la ú;a;sfha kS;s{jrhd ;siaikdh.ïf.a udOH ld¾hNdrh w.hñka l< foaYkfha
fldgia mqj;g tla lr ;snQ kuq;a" NdIdj Ndú;d lr we;s wdldrh wkqj o~qju
idOdrKSlrKh lrk wdldrfha u;hla hï;dla ÿrg mqj;g we;=<;a lr we;'
isria;,fha fldgila f,i fhdod we;af;a zzcd;sjdoh weúiaiSfï - ;%ia;hkag wdOdr
lsÍfï fpdaokdj,g jrolreZZ hk j.ka;shhs' wf.daia;= 31 isg i;shl ld,h ;=< fuu
isÿùu mokï lr.;a mqj;a$úfYaIdx.$l;=jels$;Sre,sms 18la muK" bßod mqj;am;a o we;=¿
isxy, mqj;am;aj, m< ù ;snqKs' rdjh mqj;am; m< lr ;snQ ,smshla ta w;r úfYaIfhka
lemS fmkqKs' ;%ia;jdoh je<elaùfï mk; b;d u mCI.%dyS f,i udOH u¾okhg fhdod
.kakd wdldrh iïnkaOfhka .eUqre wjfndaOhla mdGl m%cdjg ,nd §ug thska W;aidy
f.k we;' kvq ;Skaÿj idOdrKSlrKh jk wdldrhg jd¾;d l< rcfha udOH mqj;am;
tÈk Widúh bÈßmsg Tyqg iydh msKsi udOHfõ§ka ±lajQ úfrdaO;djfha PdhdrEmhla m<
lrñka th y÷kajd ;snqfKa zzchm%ldYaf.a o~qjug tkaÔ´ úfrdaO;djlaZZ hkqfjks' udOH
ksoyi fjkqfjka fmkS isák udOHfõ§ka zztkaÔ´ ldrhskaZZ ^rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkj,
idudðlhka& f,i ye¢kaùug hqojd§ fukau rchg mCImd;S udOH È.gu lghq;= lf<ah'
rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk hkq ;%ia;jdohg Woõ fokakka f,i yxjvq .id ;snQ ksid tkaÔ´
udOHfõ§ka f,i ye¢kaùfuka ;%ia;jd§ yxjvqj Tjqkg o ,efí' wfkla w;ska
úfrdaO;dj meje;ajQfha kvq ;skaÿj §ug kshñ;j ;sìh§h' zzo~qjug tfrys jkakgZZ ta
jkúg o~qju .ek ±k isáfha ke;' tjeks úYajdi l< fkdyels nrm;, o~qjula
lsisfjla n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQfhao ke;'

fou< udOH mqj;am;a y;r u m%Odk mqj; f,i kvq ;Skaÿj jd¾;d l<o rcfha udOH
mqj;amf;a keUqrej rcfha isxy, udOH mqj;am; fiau ;Skaÿjg mCImd;Sh' úYajdi l<
fkdyels ;Skaÿj .ek lïmdj m< lrñka úúO cd;Hka;r ixúOdk l< m%ldY lsysmhla
u m< lr ;snqfKa fm!oa.,sl fou< mqj;am;a ;=khs' m< l< jd¾;d .Kko wfkla
ish,a,g jeä m%udKhls' th 33la jk w;r ;%ia;jdoh je<elaùfï mk; udOH ksoyig
n,j;a ;¾ckhla ù we;s wdldrh .ek woyila ,nd §ug fou< mqj;am;a iu;a jqj;a
rdjh mqj;am; l< wdldrfha meyeÈ,s ú.%yhla lsÍug W;aidy f.k ke;'

hqoaOhg miq udkqIjd§ mqj;a jd¾;dlrKfha§ iunrnjla fmkakqï lrk fâ,s ñr¾
mqj;am; fuu isÿùu o iunr f,i jd¾;d lr we;' m%Odk mqj; f,iska th jd¾;d lr
we;s w;r ;siaikdh.ïf.a udOH fufyjr w.hñka ú;a;sfha kS;s{jrhd l< m%ldYh o
igyka lr we;' rcfha udOH bx.S%is mqj;am; iqmqreÿ f,i ;Skaÿj idOdrKSlrKh jk
keUqrejlska jd¾;d lr we;s w;r ;j;a bßod mqj;am;a lsysmhla o tjeks keUqrejla f.k
we;' whs,kaâ mqj;am;lg m%uqL ù ;snqfKa kvq ;Skaÿj ÿka Èkfha úksiqrejßhg wdrCIdj
m%udKj;a fkdjQ njls' m%Odk mqj; f,i th jd¾;d lsÍfuka mqj;am; W;aidy lr
we;af;a úksiqrejßhf.a tÈk ld¾hNdrh uyd¾> fldg ±laùu uÕska ;siaikdh.ï
wmrdOlrejl= lsÍugh' bx.S%is mqj;am;aj,ska úYd, u bvlv fjkalr ish mdGlhkg
isÿùu ms<sn| hqla;s hqla;Ndjh f;areï .; yels jd¾;dlrKhla ikafâ ,Sv¾ mqj;am;
úiska lr ;snqKs' l;=jelshg wu;rj ;j;a msgq folla mqrd ;siaikdh.ï jrolre l<

33
,smsj, fldgia Wmqgd olajñka Tyq ,shQ foa wmrdOldÍo ke;ao hkak is;d .ekSug
mdGlhkg bv i,iajd ;snqKs'

;%ia;jdoh je<elaùfï mk; udOH ksoyig nrm;, wNsfhda.hla jk wdldrh fukau

b;d u mCI.%dyS f,i th Ndú;d l< yels wdldrh .ek iuia; woyila ,nd .ekSug
yels wdldrhg fujeks wjia:djl§ fyda fndfyda mqj;am;a ls%hd fkdlsÍu lemS fmfka'
rdjh" fâ,s ñr¾ iy ikafâ ,Sv¾ jeks mqj;am;a ;u mdGlhka fjkqfjka hï ;rula
ÿrg th bgq lr ;sìK' fou< udOH fm!oa.,sl mqj;am;aj,ska úpdrYS,S woyila ,nd .;
fkdyels jqj;a ;siaikdh.ïg n,j;a widOdrKhla ù we;s wdldrh jgyd .; yels
wdldrfha lemS fmfkk yd idOdrK jd¾;dlrKhla lr we;'

7' ;%ia;jdoh je<elaùfï mk; hgf;a ,xld mqj;amf;a udOHfõ§ka

;sfofkl= w;awvx.=jg .ekSu - iema;eïn¾ 03
rcfha iïm;a fhdod .ksñka fokshdfha fm!oa.,sl bvul b¢ flfrk ueÿrla
iïnkaOfhka lreKq fiùug .sh ,xld mqj;amf;a udOHfõ§ka ;sfofkl= ^ohd
fka;a;sisxy" Yd,sl úu,fiak" rùkaø mqIaml=udr& ;%ia;jdoh je<elaùfï mk; hgf;a
w;awvx.=jg .ekSu jd¾;d lsÍfï§" ;siaikdh.ïg úis jirl isr o~qjula kshu lsÍu
jd¾;d lsÍfï§ kqÿgq Wkkaÿjla isxy, mqj;am;a ;=<ska ±lsh yels
úh' úfYaIdx." l;=jels wdÈfha§ iuyr mqj;am;a isÿùï folu i|yka lrñka ;%ia;jdoh
je<elaùfï mk; udOH u¾okhg fhdod .ekSfï wk;=r .ek woyia ±laùula o lr we;'
m<uq isÿùu jd¾;d fkdl< mqj;am;a mjd fuu isÿùu jd¾;d lr we;' fou< iy bx.S%is
mqj;am;a jd¾;dlrKh isÿùï fofla§u fndfyda úg tlsfklg iudkh' flfia fj;;a
iuia; mqj;am;a jd¾;dlrKh ;=< jd¾;d lsÍfï ia:djrhka lsysmhla u olakg ,eìK'

1' ;%ia;jdoh je<elaùfï mk; udOH u¾okhg fhdod .ekSfï

wk;=r iïnkaO úpdrd;aul yd m%YxikSh jd¾;dlrKh ^rdjh&
2' ;;a;ajh jgyd .; yels iunr jd¾;dlrKh ^fâ,s ñr¾" ikafâ ,Sv¾"
fou< mqj;am;a" bßod ,laìu&
3' ia:djrh wmeyeÈ,s $ idudkH jd¾;dlrKh ^,laìu" ,xld§m&
4' mk;g o mCImd;S neúka udOHlrejka je/Èlrejka lrk jd¾;dlrKh
^ÈkñK" is¿ñK" Èjhsk&
5' udOH u¾okhg úreoaO tfy;a mk;g mCImd;S jd¾;dlrKh ^breÈk&
6' udOH wdpdrO¾u meyeÈ,s lrk jd¾;dlrKh ^bßod ,xld§m&

fuu isÿùfï§ wdKavqj md¾Yajfhka t,a, jQ m%n, fpdaokdj jQfha udOHfõ§ka ;u

iodpdrd;aul iSudj blaujd lghq;= lr we;s njhs' fï ms<sn|j b;d jeo.;a ú.%yhla
zbßod ,xld§mZ m< lr we;' ta wkqj" flfkl=f.a fm!oa.,sl;ajhg .re lsÍu udOH
wdpdr O¾uj, m%Odk ldrKhla jk kuq;a" tys uyckhdg ±k .ekSug whs;sh we;s
ldrKhla ;sfíkï th jd¾;d lsÍug udOHfõ§kag we;s whs;sh wdpdrO¾u wkqju l<
yelsh' WodyrK iys;j ta nj fmkajd fohs' rcfha uqo,a iy iïm;a fhdod .ksñka
fm!oa.,sl bvul b¢lsÍula isÿjkafka kï th uyck iqn isoaêhg wod,j uyckhd
±k.; hq;= ldrKhls' rcfha foam< hkq uyck foam<hs' b¢lsÍu isÿjkafka rcfha fyda
fmdÿ foam<l fkdjk fyhska uyck iïm;a fhdojd fm!oa.,sl bvul th isÿjk úg
th uyckhd ±k .; hq;=uh' fuu udOHfõ§ka we;=,a jQ ia:dkh muKla fkdj ´kEu
tjeks ;ekl f;dr;=re ±k .ekSug uyckhdg whs;sh we;' tjeks lreKla wdrxÑ jQfha
kï uyckhd fjkqfjka tajd fidhd jd¾;d lsÍfï whs;sh udOHfõ§kag we;' fuys§
j,x.= jkafka fm!oa.,sl;ajhg wod, iodpdr kS;sh fkdj uyck iqn isoaêhg wod, ùu
ms<sn| iodpdr kS;sh nj fuu ,smsfhka b;d meyeÈ,sj jd¾;d lr ;sîu úfYaIh' fuu
m%fõYh ;rula ÿrg we;=<;a kuq;a ;%ia;jdoh je<elaùfï mkf;a wk;=r ms<sn| jeä
wjOdkh fhduq l< ,smshla zrdjhZ mqj;amf;a lemS fmkqKs' tu jd¾;dfjka lreKq

34
lsysmhla wkdjrKh lrhs' zz;%ia;jdoh je<elaùfï mk; lDr wudkqIsl le,E kS;shls"
thska w;a;fkdau;sl f,i úreoaOjd§ka u¾okh lsÍug rchg yelsh" udOH ìhm;a
lsÍug yd u¾okh lsÍug yelsh" rchg úkdY lsÍug wjYH yd nh lsÍug wjYH wh
fjkqfjka th Ndú;d l< yelshZZ hkd§ lreKq úfYaI jYfhka fy<sorõ lrhs' wdpdr
O¾u md¾Yajh uQ,sl lr f.k m%Yxikd;aul ,smshla bÈßm;a l< bßod ,xld§m mqj;am;
;siaikdh.ï isÿùu iïnkaOfhka lsisjla u fkd,shd isàu ksÍCIKh l< yels úh' tla
idOkSh jd¾;dlrKhla ;=<ska jqj ta ta isÿùï iïnkaOfhka tu mqj;am;a olajk
wdl,amhka fyda fkdie,ls,su;alï fyda fjkialï fyda ksÍCIKh l< yelsh'

ksÍCIK
hqo iuh ;=<
isxy, yd bx.S%is udOH mqj;am;a
1' hqo .egqïj,g ueÈ jQ isú,a ck;djf.a fÄojdplh jika lr we;'

 mqÿl=äbßmamq frday,g t,a, jQ m%ydrj,ska frda.Ska ñh hEu jeks mqj;a lsysmhla

muKla jd¾;d lsÍug úfYaIfhka fâ,s ñr¾ iy ;j;a mqj;am;a lsysmhla W;aidy
lr we;;a iuia;hla f,i isÿùï fkd;ld yer we;'
 uQ,dY% uÕ yeÍu
 uq,a mqj; jd¾;d fkdlr mqjf;a uQ,dY%hg tfrys m%ydr jd¾;d lsÍu
 lsishï mqoa.,hl= lrk ;ukaf.a wdl,amhg iß,k m%ldYhl wod, fldgi
muKla mqk mqkd j¾;d lsÍu'

2' n,OdÍkaf.a wkque;shg hg;a" rchg jdisodhl udkqIjd§$hqo mqj;a muKla m< lr
we;'
) m<d tk ck;djg t,aààBfhka isÿ jQ ysßyer jd¾;d lsÍfï§
) n,OdÍka úiska ,nd ÿka ck;djf.a m%ldY yryd t,aààBhg m%ydr t,a, lsÍfï§
) n,OdÍka úiska ,nd ÿka iudk PdhdrEm m< lsÍfï§
) wj;eka ck;djg i,ik iyk fiajd .ek jd¾;d lsÍfï§

3' ms<s;=re §fï whs;sh W,a,x>Kh lrñka mqj;la idjoH nj wod, md¾Yajh úiska
wkdjrKh l<o ksje/È lsÍï m< lr ke;'

) jkakshg wdydr yd w;HdjYH øjH /f.k .sh ìka gEka kï fk!ldjg

t,aààBh m%ydrhla t,a, l< njg mqj;la n,OdÍka uQ,dY% lr f.k m< úh'
th ksje/È fkdjk njg whsiSwd¾iSh l< m%ldYh m< lf<a ke;' ta fjkqjg
whsiSwd¾iShg tfrysj n,OdÍka l< m%ydr jd¾;d lf<ah' rdjh mqj;am; muKla
uQ,dY% fol u tla l< mqj;la m< lr ;snqKs'

4' uq,a mqj; m< fkdlr" thg ms<s;=re fok m%ydrd;aul mqj;a muKla jd¾;d lsÍu"
ke;fyd;a rcfha hqo ls%hdoduhg iydh msKsi isú,a ck;djg isÿjk úm;a wkdjrKh
l< mqj;a uQ,dY% wksis f,i Ndú;d lsÍu'

) kjkSoka ms,af,a uy;añh iy ;j;a cd;Hka;r ks,OdÍka ck;djf.a .eg¿

iïnkaOfhka l< wkdjrKhkag tfrys ±ä m%ydr muKla jd¾;d lsÍfuka
Tjqkg tfrys i;=re wdl,amhka f.dv keÕSug Tjqkau uQ,dY% lr f.k we;'

35
 ) m%ydrd;aul jd¾;dlrKh uÕska tu uQ,dY% ck;djg fkdj rchg jdis odhl
f,i fhdod f.k we;'
) mqÿl=äbßmamq frday,g t,a, jQ fI,a m%ydrhlska frda.shl= ñh hEu ms<sn| mqj;

5' jd¾;dlrKfha wmCImd;S nj fkd;ld udkqIjd§ fiajd imhk wdh;kj,g tfrysj

rcfha udOH we;=¿ iuyr isxy, mqj;am;a ±ä m%ydrd;aul mqj;a m< lsÍu'

) cd;Hka;r r;= l=rei lñgqj yd ;j;a cd;Hka;r ixúOdk úfõpkh lsÍu'

) udkj ysñlï$iduh yd udkqIjd§ lghq;= uQ,sl lr.;a foaYSh rdcH fkdjk
ixúOdkj,g m%ydr t,a, lsÍu wruqKq lr.;a ,sms m< lsÍu'

6' ;ukaf.a u;h yd úfYaIfhka w.;Ska mqj;g we;=,a lrhs' ^isxy, mqj;am;aj,
úfYaIfhka olakg ,enqKq iuhls' iuyr bx.S%is udOH mqj;am;aj, o iuyr wjia:dj,§
olakg ,eìK'&
) hqoaOhg yd rchg mCImd;Sj l< fndfyda jd¾;dlrKj,§ úfYaIfhka lemS
fmksK' fuys§ i,ld n,d ;snqfKa hqla;sh idOdrKh fkdj ;ukaf.a
mCImd;s;ajhhs'
) kjksoka ms,af,a uy;añh wmCImd;S fkdjk nj ikd: lsÍug wehf.a
cd;sl;ajh fou< nj weÕùu' fldá ys;jd§ nj weÕùu'

7' rchg wjdis iy.; woyila m< l< fyda lghq;a;l ksshe,s mqoa.,hkag tfrys mqj;a
jd¾;dlrKfha§ ffjÍ iy.; NdIdjla Ndú;d lsÍu

) isri úkdY lsÍu" ,ika; úl%u;=x. >d;kh yd udOHfõ§ka meyer .ekSu

hkd§ lghq;=j,g tfrysj ls%hd l< udOHfõ§ka" udOH ixúOdk ;%ia;jdohg Woõ
lrkakka nj fmkajk mqj;a ujd m< lsÍfï§ ffjÍ iy.; NdIdjla o fhdod
f.k we;' ^tkaÔ´ udOH kvh" fvd,¾ ldlalka&
) isri rEmjdyskS wdh;khg fldá f,an,h w,jñka mqj;a m< lsÍfï§ NdIdj
Ndú;h thg tfrysj ffjÍ yeÕSï wjq¨jk iq¿ úh'
) wfma%,a 29 meñKs" ì%;dkH úfoaY weue;s fâúâ ñ,snEka iy m%xY úfoaY weue;s
n¾kdâ l=Iak¾ hk wh YS% ,xldj iïnkaOfhka l< m%ldY .ek jd¾;d lsÍfï§
iuyr mqj;am;a fhdod f.k ;snQ NdIdj wmydid;aul yd ffjÍ iy.; úh'
) kjkSoka ms,af,a uy;añhg tfrys jd¾;dj,§ zzms,af,a Nx.fõjdZZ jeks isria;,
fh§u'

8' úreoaOjd§ka yd fjkia u; orkakkag tfrysj zzmqj;a oÕ ljkakkaZZ fhdod .ekSu'

) úfYaIfhka udOHfõ§kag yd idu ls%hdldÍkag tfrysj mqj;a oÕljkakkaf.a

ld¾h ks;r isÿ úh'

9' úreoaOj fyda tlÕ fkdjk fyda u; m< lrk udOH b,lal lr .ksñka ie,iqï
iy.; m%ydrhka i|yd mqj;a ueùu'

) isri rEmjdysks ueÈß ixlS¾Kh úkdY lsÍu yd Bg fmr isÿjQ m%ydrj,g uÕ

mdoñka thg fldá f,an,h w,jñka mqj;a m< úh'
) udOH Ndú;d lrñka hqouh udkisl;ajhla rg ;=< f.dv ke.Su yd udOH
u¾okh .ek y~ ke.+ udOH ixúOdk uev meje;aùug mqj;a m< lsÍu' tu mqj;a
ksid Tjqkg m%ydr t,a, fldg tajd idOdrKSlrKh lsÍug yels jk neúka" ta
jk úg úúOdldr Ôú; ;¾ck t,a, ù isá ixúOdk kdhlhska yd ls%hdldÍka
/ilg rg yer hkakg o isÿ ù we;'
) úpdrYS,S udOHfõ§ka tkaÔ´ udOHfõ§ka f,i ye¢kaúh' zztkaÔ´ udOH kvhZZ
hk fhÿu ffjÍ iy.; f,i Ndú;d úh' tkaÔ´ hkq msgrg fvd,¾j,ska kv;a;=

36
 fjñka t,aààBhg iydh olajk wh f,i yxjvq .id ;sìK' udOH ixúOdk yd
tajdfha ls%hdldÍka tu f.dvg ±óu yryd Tjqkg m%ydr t,a, lsÍug miqìu ilia
lsÍu isÿ úh'

10' úreoaOjd§ka yd fjkia u; orkakkag t,a, jQ m%ydr idOdrKSlrKh lsÍu'

) úreoaOjd§ka yd fjkia u; orkakka fukau" udOH ksoyi" m%cd;ka;%jdoh yd

iduh .ek l;d lrkakka uev meje;aùug rch yd hqojd§ md¾Yaj fhdod .;a
m%Odk u Wml%uh jQfha Tjqka fldá ys;jd§ka fyda fldá Woõlrejka nj m%ldY
lsÍuhs' iuyr mqj;am;a tu fpdaokd jd¾;d lsÍug wu;rj ;ukaf.a mqj;a
oÕljkakka yryd o Tjqkg tfrysj mqj;a ueùï isÿ lf<ah' ta Tiafia Tjqkg
tfrysj úkdYhka isÿ lsÍug miqìu ks¾udKh úh' tjeks m%ydrj,g b,lal
jQjkag tfia ùu idOdrKSlrKh lrkakg o uq,ska f.dv ke.+ m%jdo u Ndú;d
lsÍu isÿ úh' udOHfõ§ ;siaikdh.ï ;%ia;jdoh je<elaùfï mk; hgf;a w;a
wvx.=fõ ;nd .ekSu" udOH ixúOdk ls%hdldÍka rg yer hEu" isri ueÈß ixlS¾K
úkdY lsÍu jeks isÿùï idOdrKSlrKh lrñka jd¾;d jQ wdldrh ta i|yd
ksoiqka lsysmhls'

11' hqoaOhg mßndysr cd;sl jYfhka jeo.;a mqj;a iudk m%uqL;djhlska hq;=j ish¨u
mqj;am;a jd¾;d lr we;'

) WodyrK jYfhka 2009 ud¾;= 03 jeksod mdlsia:dkfha" ,dfyda¾ kqjr" .vdms

lS%vdx.kh wikakfha§ YS% ,xld ls%lÜ lKavdhug t,a, jQ ;%ia;jd§ m%ydrh
jd¾;d lsÍfï§ isxy," bx.S%is" fou< ^rcfha mqj;am;ao we;=¿j& mqj;am;a iudk
wdldrfhka" iudk m%uqL;djfhka jd¾;d lf<ah'

12' hqo fufyhqïj,g iDcq iïnkaOhla ke;s" ck;d úm;a jd¾;d lsÍfï§ o isxy,
mqj;am;a yd wfkla mqj;am;a w;r fjkila ;sîu'
WodyrK - w.=,dk fmd,Sish ;reKhka fofofkl= >d;kh lsÍu" refn,a,d
tkak; úI ù mdi,a ±ßhla ñh hEu" lrueáh .ïudkfha isú,a jeishka >d;kh
lsÍu jeks isÿùï jd¾;d lsÍu

) isxy, mqj;am;a jvd ixfõ§$wdfõ.YS,S wdldrfhka jeä jd¾;d .Kkla m<

lrhs' jd¾;d .Kk jeä jqj;a wfkla mqj;am;aj,g fjkiaj úfYaI wkdjrKhka
tajdhska lrkafka ke;' isÿ ù we;af;a wjia:d$isÿùï rx.SlrKh lsÍuls'
) weiska ÿgq wdldrhg" u< ñksiqka is;+ wdldrhg jd¾;d lrk wjia:d we;'
) kuq;a" isxy, mqj;am;a w;ßka rdjh mqj;am; tjeks wjia:dj,§ úpdrYS,Sj ls%hd
lrK wdldrh lemS fmfka'
) fou< yd iuyr bx.S%is mqj;am;a isÿùu muKla jd¾;d lrhs'
) fâ,s ñr¾ iy ikafâ ,Sv¾ jeks mqj;am;a uQ,dY% lsysmhla Ndú;d lrñka
iunrj isÿùu jd¾;d lrhs'

rcfha udOH mqj;am;a yd rcfha u;jdoh yd iu.dó mqj;am;a

fuu fldgig isxy," fou< yd bx.S%is hk NdId udOH ;=kg u hg;a mqj;am;a wh;a fõ'
fou< udOH mqj;am;a fou< ck;djg n,mdk .eg¿ jd¾;d lsÍug yels ish¨
W;aidyhka ord we;;a rcfha fou< mqj;am; thska fjkiaj ls%hd lr we;af;a rcfha
wfkla mqj;am;a fiah'

by; i|yka ish¨ ksÍCIKhka rcfha mqj;am;aj,g o wod, jk w;r wxl 5 isg 10
olajd ksÍCIK úfYaIfhka u wod, fõ' tys§ Èjhsk mqj;am; rcfha udOHhg jvd;a lsÜgq
ia:djrhlska jd¾;d lsÍï l< w;r ;j;a bx.S%is iy isxy, mqj;am;a lsysmhla wvq jeä

37
jYfhka tu ia:djrhkag odhl ù we;' jd¾;d lsÍug ndOd iys; fkdjk isÿùula jqj;a
tu wjia:dfõ jd¾;d lsÍu rchg wjdis iy.; kï rcfha udOH mqj;am;a tajd fkd;ld
yßhs' ke;skï fjk;a wjia:dj,§ fuka m%uqL;djla fkd§ jd¾;d lrhs'

fou< udOH mqj;am;a

1' fou< ck;djf.a ;;a;ajh yd úm;a jd¾;d lsÍu i|yd wfkl=;a udOH fuka rdcH
n,OdÍkaf.a uQ,dY%j,g muKla iSud fkdù" yels ish¨ uQ,dY% fidhd .kS'

) fjí wvú
) cd;Hka;r udOH jd¾;d
) wka;¾cd;sl iy foaYSh úoaj;=kaf.a$ixúOdkj, m%ldY
) ;ñ,akdvq foaYmd,k{hka yd l,dlrejka
) fou< foaYmd,k{hka
) foaYSh úreoaO mCI foaYmd,k{hka
) rch ,nd fok f;dr;=re

2' ,efnk uQ,dY% fou< ck;djg mCImd;Sj Wmßu f,i Ndú;d lr we;'

3' yels wjidk wjia:dj olajd wjodku fkd;ld Ôú; ydks jd¾;d lr we;'
^WodyrK - wdrCIs; ^hqo uqla;& l<dmhla msysgq ùfuka miq" fmnrjdrs 22 isg
ud¾;= 01 olajd Èk yhla ;=< jd¾;d&

1' isú,a jeishka 48la fI,a m%ydrj,ska ñh .sh nj

2' wdrCIs; l<dmhg t,a, jQ fI,a m%ydrj,ska 44la ñh f.dia 170la ;=jd, ,nd
we;s nj'
3' wdrCIs; l<dmfha msysá j,[a[¾uvï' fmdlalfkhs .ïj,g t,a, jQ fI,a
m%ydrj,ska <uhska 12la we;=¿ 32la ñh .sh nj'
4' wdá,¾ fI,a m%ydrj,ska <uhska 6la ñh f.dia 98la ;=jd, ,nd we;s nj'
5' fI,a m%ydrj,ska 21la ñh f.dia 53la ;=jd, ,nd we;s nj

) fI,a m%ydrj,ska ñh .sh ±ßhla iy m%ydrhlska ;=jd, ,enQjka frday, lrd

f.k hk PdhdrEm

4' hqoaOh ksid fou< ck;djg isÿjk úm;a yd Ôú; ydks jd¾;d lsÍfï§ wfkla udOH
yd fou< udOH w;r meyeÈ,s øùlrKhla ;sîu'

WodyrK - fmnrjdß 22 isg ud¾;= 01 i;sh ;=< fou< ck;djg yd isxy,

ck;djg isÿjQ úm;a jd¾;d lr we;s wdldrfha mriamrh
1' wïmdr bÕskshd.," r;au,a.y we,a," lrueáh .ïudkfha jeishkag t,a, jQ
m%ydrh
2' jkaksfha isú,a jeishkag t,a, jQ fI,a m%ydr

udOHh 1 m%jD;a;sh 2 m%jD;a;sh

isxy, mqj;am;a 28 00

fou< mqj;am;a 08 16

bx.S%is mqj;am;a 08 00

38
 isxy, yd bx.S%is udOH jkaksfha ck;dj .ek lsisjlau jd¾;d lr ke;' kuq;a
tajdo jd¾;d lrk fou< mqj;am;a wfkl=;a isÿùï jd¾;dlrKfha§o bx.S%is
udOHhg iudk f,i jd¾;d lr we;'

5' ;ukaf.a u;h" w.;Ska fyda ffjr NdIdj jd¾;dj,g tl;= lr we;af;a wvqfjks'

6' hqo fufyhqïj,g iDcq iïnkaOhla ke;s" ck;d úm;a jd¾;d lsÍfï§ fou< udOH
mqj;am;a yd bx.S%is udOH mqj;aam;a w;r iudk;ajhla ;sîu'

WodyrKhla - by; olajd we;s lrueáh .ïudkhg t,a, l< m%ydrh

) bx.S%is mqj;am;a fuka isÿùu jd¾;d l<;a fâ,s ñr¾" ikafâ ,Sv¾ jeks mqj;am;a
fuka mqj;g wod, ish¨ md¾Yajj, uQ,dY% Ndú;d lrñka jvd jD;a;Shuh
;;a;ajhlska jd¾;d lrkakg W;aidy lr ke;'

7' hqoaOhg mßndysr cd;sl jYfhka jeo.;a mqj;a jd¾;d lsÍfï§ wfkla mqj;am;aj,g
iudk m%uqL;djhlska jd¾;d lrhs'

YS% ,xld ls%lÜ lKavdhug t,a, jQ ;%ia;jd§ m%ydrh jd¾;d lsÍu' udOH ;=kg u
wh;a mqj;am;aj, i;shl ld,hla ;=< jd¾;d ùï jdr .Kk ishh blaujd ;sìK'

8' ;uka úiska fidhd .kakd uQ,dY%j,ska udkqIjd§ mqj;a jd¾;d lsÍug wu;rj rcfha
uQ,dY%j,ska ,nd fok jd¾;dj,g fjkialula fkdlrhs'

mYapd;a hqo iuh ;=<

1' hqoaOh wjika jQ miq o nyq;rhla isxy, yd bx.S%is udOH wj;eka l|jqrej, ;;a;ajh
jd¾;d lsÍug ,efnk uQ,dY% uÕ yßhs'

2' hqoaOh wjika jQ miq wj;eka ck;dj .ek mqj;a m< lsÍfï§ iuyr mqj;am;a b;d iq¿
idOkSh fjkila fmkajd we;'
 h<s mosxÑ fkdlsÍu iïnkaOfhka md¾,sfïka;=fõ§ úmCI uka;S%jreka l< m%ldY
fm!oa.,sl mqj;am;a lsysmhla jd¾;d lsÍu
 wj;eka jQjkaf.a uQ,sl whs;sjdislï fm;aiï iïnkaOfhka jd¾;d lsÍu'
 fuu jd¾;d lsÍï wjia:d lsysmhlg muKla iSud fjhs'

3' idOkSh fjki bÈßhg hk ienE fjkila fkdjk nj wkdjrKh ùu'

 l|jqrej, wvqmdvq .ek woyia m< l< mqoa.,hkag iqmqreÿ mßÈ rcfha n,OdÍka
fpdaokd lsÍu yd tajd b;d m%n,j lemS fmfkk f,i jd¾;d lsÍu'
 uq,a mqj; jd¾;d lsÍu uÕ yer m%ydr jd¾;d lsÍu'

4' wj;eka l|jqre iïnkaOfhka wkdjrKh jQ .eg¿ jix lsÍsu i|yd wod, mqoa.,hd l<
idOkSh m%ldYhla W¨mamd olajñka jd¾;d lsÍu' ^uhsla fmdaiag¾f.a m%ldY&
 rcfha mqj;am;a yd rcfha u;jdohg ,eÈ mqj;am;a

5' tla i;s wka; isxy, mqj;am;la wj;eka ckhdf.a hym; b,lal lr.;a
mqj;a$úfYaIdx. ,sms m< lrñka m%YxikSh fjkila fmkakqï lrhs' ^rdjh&

39
6' Èkm;d yd i;s wka; bx.S%is mqj;am;a folla ,efnk uQ,dY% Tiafia iunr
jd¾;dlrKhlg W;aidy lrk wdldrh lemS fmfkhs' ^fâ,s ñr¾ iy ikafâ ,Sv¾&
 WodyrKhla - kej; mÈxÑ lrk nj m%ldY lrñka wj;eka jQjka fjk;a
l|jqrej,g u heùu iïnkaO mqj; jd¾;d lsÍfï§ wod, rdcH ks,OdÍkaf.ka
f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug lr we;s W;aidyh'
 fâ,s ñr¾ mqj;am; mYapd;a hqo jd¾;dlrKfha§ idOkSh jd¾;dlrKh w;ska lemS
fmfkk w;r ikafâ ,Sv¾ mqj;am; o ;rula ÿrg tjeks ia:djrhl isà' ikafâ
ghsïia mqj;am; o idfmaCIj hï wjia:dj, jvd idOkSh ù we;'

7' rcfha iy rcfha u;hg wkq.dó mqj;am;a hqo ld,h ;=< jd¾;d l< wdldrhg u ls%hd
lrhs'
 l|jqrej,g imhk fiajd .ek muKla jd¾;d lrhs'
 rcfha uQ,dY%j,g muKla uQ,sl;ajh fohs'
 m%ydrd;aul mqj;a mqk mqkd jd¾;d lrk w;r wvqmdvq fmkajd fok whg ;ukaf.a
wm%idoh o m< lrhs'
 idOkSh jd¾;dlrKhl fhfok udOHhg yd fjk;a u; ork udOHfõ§kag
tfrysj m%ydrd;aul mqj;a$uejQ mqj;a jd¾;d lrhs' ^Wod( fldá ys;jd§ udOH
yxjvqj §u yd fldákaf.ka uqo,a .;a udOHfõ§kaf.a ,ehsia;=jla .ek
ksrka;rfhka jd¾;d lsÍu'&

8' fou< mqj;am;a ,efnk uQ,dY% fou< ckhdg mCImd;Sj Wmßu f,i Ndú;d lrhs'

9' fou< mqj;am;a rcfha uQ,dY% uÕska ,nd fok rchg jdisodhl mqj;a o fkd;ld
fkdyßhs'

10' rcfha uQ,dY%j,ska ,efnk mqj;a wod, ;j;a wxYj,ska ;yjqre lr .ekSug fï ld,h
;=< W;aidy l< yelsj ;sìh§ ,nd fok mqj; muKla m< lrhs'

^by; kï i|yka l< mqj;am;aj,g wu;rj" bßod ,laìu" ,xld§m jeks mqj;am;a o
iuyr wjia:dj,§ udkqIjd§ .eg¿ jd¾;d lsÍfï§ idOkSh fjkil ,l=Kq fmkajd we;'
fou< mqj;am;a yereKq fldg" rdjh mqj;am; uyck hym; wruqKq lr.;a keUqrejlska
jd¾;d lsÍfï§ wfkla mqj;am;a w;ßka jvd;a lemS fmfka'&

ks.uk
ks.uk i|yd ks¾kdhlh jYfhka fuys§ Ndú;d lr we;af;a YS% ,xld l¾;D ixioh
uÕska ilia fldg iïu; lr f.k we;s jD;a;Sh m%;sm;a;s ud,djhs ^wdpdr O¾u
ix.%yhhs&' ksÍCIKhg ,la jQ nyq;rhla mqj;am;aj, l¾;Djreka$jßhka YS% ,xld l¾;D
ixiofha idudðl;ajh ork wh fj;s' tfia fkdjkafkakï l¾;Djrekaf.a ixiofha
wdpdr O¾u ix.%yhg wkque;sh$iyfhda.h olajd we;s ixúOdkhl idudðl;ajh yryd
tu wkque;sh ms<s.;a wh fj;s' mqj;am;a m%ldYlhkaf.a ix.uh" ksoyia udOH jHdmdrh"
YS% ,xld jD;a;Sh mqj;am;a l,dfõ§kaf.a ix.uh" YS% ,xld uqia,ï
s udOH ixioh" udOH
fiajl jD;a;Sh iñ;s iïfï,kh" YS% ,xld fou< udOH ixioh" ol=Kq wdishdkq ksoyia
udOH ix.ufha YS% ,xld md¾Yajh jeks ixúOdk ta i|yd wkque;sh § we;' mqj;am;a
l;=jreka" whs;slrejka muKla fkdj" nyq;rhla udOHfõ§ka$fõÈkshka o fuu l=uK
fyda ixúOdkhl idudðl;ajh ork wh fj;s' nyq;rhla ixúOdkj, idudðl;ajh
mqj;am;a l,dfõ§kaf.ka muKla fkdj úoHq;a udOHfõ§kaf.ka o iukaú;h'

mqoa.,hdf.a whs;sh fukau lreKq ±k .ekSug fmdÿ ck;djg we;s whs;sh wdrCId lsÍug
fuu wdpdr O¾u ms<s.kakd mqj;am;a ne£ isák nj tys mQ¾úldfjkau wjOdrKh fõ'

40
;u udOHlrKfha m%:u hq;=lu zz uyck hym; ZZ nj iuia;h ;=<ska .uH fõ' tfukau
tu wdpdr O¾u ix.%yfhka wjOdrKh flfrk uyck hym; hkakg §¾> w¾:
ksrEmKhlao lr we;'

zzuyck hym;ZZ w¾: ksrEmKh

m%cd;ka;%jdoh" hymd,kh" woyia m%ldY lsÍfï ksoyi yd ck;djf.a uQ,sl whs;sjdislï
wdrCId lsÍu" fmdÿ ck;dj flfrys iDcqj fyda jl%j fyda n,mdk isoaê ms<sn|j fmdÿ
ck;dj;a Tjqkaf.ka f;aÍ m;ajqKq rch;a ±kqj;a lsÍu yd wmrdO" ¥IK" wh:d mßmd,kh
fyda fjk;a whq;= widOdrKlï fidhd n,d fy<sorõ lsÍu''''''''
^Wmqgd .ekSu - udOH jD;a;Sh m%;sm;a;s ud,dj - YS% ,xld l¾;D ixioh&

fï wdldrhg úia;r flfrk uyck hym; wruqKq lr f.k YS% ,xldfõ mqj;am;a ls%hd
lr we;s wdldrh iïnkaO ks.uk lsysmhla my; ±lafõ'

ks.uk lsysmhla
1' ;uka úiska .fõIKh lr bÈßm;a lsÍug fkdyels jdrKhla ls%hd;aul úh'
 hqoaOh isÿjk m%foaY udOHhg$ish¨ fokdg ;ykï m%foaY úh'
 hqo l<dmhg hEug yels jQfha rcfha u;jdoh muKla bÈßhg f.k hk wdh;k
lsysmhl udOHfõ§kag muKls' tajdo úoHq;a udOH wdh;k úh' tfia .sho bÈßm;a
jQfha n,OdÍkaf.a ixialrKhg hg;a jQ" wfkl=;a udOH wdh;kj,g o rch
uÕska ,nd ÿka f;dr;=rej,g iudk f;dr;=re muKs'

2' .eg¿ .ek flfrk m%ldYhlg$jd¾;djlg tfrysj udOH idlÉPd mj;ajd rch
olajk ks, úfrdaOh yd m%ydrd;aul m%;spdr uÕska meje;s tu jdrKh ;yjqre úh'

3' udOHfõ§ka yd udOH wdh;kj,g tfrys nrm;, u¾okhla ls%hd;aul úh'

 udOHfõ§ka >d;kh ^ikafâ ,Sv¾ l¾;D ,ika; úl%u;=x.&
 uer m%ydr t,a, lsÍu' ^Wod( Wmd,s f;kakfldaka" fmdaoao, chka; iy ;j;a wh&
 udOH wdh;k úkdY lsÍu ^Wod( isri&
 ;%ia;jdoh je<elaùfï mk; w;a;fkdau;sl f,i úreoaOjd§ka yd udOHfõ§ka
u¾okhg ls%hd;aul ùu
) udOHfõ§ fÊ' tia ;siaikdh.ï Èk 425la r|jd ;nd f.k" wf.daia;= 31 jeksod
úis jirl nrm;, jev iys; isr o~qjula kshu lsÍu'
) ,xld mqj;amf;a udOHfõ§ka ;sfokd w;awvx.=jg f.k wem u; uqod yeÍu'
 meyer .ekSï yd m%Yak lsÍï' ^Wod( iqv¾ T,s l¾;D tka úoHdOrka" fou< mqj;am;a
m%OdkSka" ,xld mqj;amf;a l¾;D&
 hqo iuh ;=< yd hqoaOhg miq n,OdÍka udOHhg l< wk;=re weÕùï'
) rfÜ by< u ks,Odßhd jk ckdêm;sjrhd fukau wdrCIl f,alïjrhd"
yuqodm;sjrhd" fmd,siam;sjrhd iy ;j;a n,OdÍka úiska udOHhg ksoyfia ls%hd
lsÍug fkdyels wdldrfha wk;=re weÕùï lr ;snqKs'
 hqoaOhg miq o rcfha ls%hd wkqu; fkdl< udOHfõ§kag tfrys u;hla f.dv
ke.Sug yd Tjqkag tfrys m%ydr idOdrKSlrKh lsÍug yels mqj;a ueùu'
) udOH ixúOdk ls%hdldÍka tkaÔò udOH kvh f,i y÷kajñka Tjqka
;%ia;jdohg Woõ lrkakka f,i weÕùu'
) fldákaf.ka uqo,a .;a udOHfõ§ka mkylf.a ,ehsia;=jla we;s nj" rcfha iy
rch iuÕ tlÕ udOH uÕska mqk mqkd jd¾;d lsÍu'
4' Ôú;drCIdj m;d udOHfõ§ka /ilg rg yer hEug isÿ ù we;

41
5' iajhx jdrKhlg hg;a ùug isÿjk ;e;s .ekaùula mej;sK'
 udOH ksÍCIKh lr i;sm;d wm úiska ^iS;d rxckS& ,shQ ;Sre ,smsh m< lsÍug o
ta i|yd tlÕ jQ ,xldÈm mqj;am; ìh úh' kuq;a ;sklal=r,a mqj;am; ;Sre ,sms
38la wLKavj m< lf<ah'

6' hqo iufha§ mjd fou< mqj;am;a ^fm!oa.,sl& iajhx jdrKhg wNsfhda. lr we;'
 ,efnk uQ,dY% Wmßu f,i Ndú;d lr fou< ck;djf.a hym; wruqKq lrf.k
jd¾;d lsÍfuka'
 Wml%uYS,S f,i tu mqj;a m< lsÍfuka' ^m%Odk mqj;a f,i m< l< hq;=" úYd,
ixLHdjla >d;kh jQ isÿùula jqj;a l=vd mqj;la f,i fyda m< lr we;'&

7' n,OdÍka jvd Wkkaÿ ù we;af;a bx.S%is udOH mqj;am;a iïnkaOfhks'

 YS% ,xldj ;=< iq¿;r mdGl m%cdj ksfhdackh l<o" bx.S%is udOH yryd
cd;Hka;rhg f;dr;=re ,nd .; yels ùu fya;=jhs' úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøfha
úOdhl wOHCI wdpd¾h mdCHfida;s irjkuq;a;= uy;dg urK ;¾ck t,a,
lsÍug tfrysj" iudc ls%hdldÍka /ilf.a w;aika iys;j m< l< mqj;am;a
±kaùug n,OdÍka ±lajQ m%;spdr thg WodyrKhls' tu ±kaùu isxy, ^,xld§m&
iy bx.S%is ^fâ,s ñr¾& mqj;am;a foll m< fldg ;sìK' th m< ù ;snqfKa
tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkfha foaYmd,k lghq;= ms<sn| ksfhdacH f,alï ,shka
meiaflda uy;d ,xldjg meñKs iema;eïn¾ 16 jeksodh' tÈku th bx.S%is
udOHfhka m< lsÍu ksid fldamhg m;a rcfha n,OdÍyQ irjkuq;a;= uy;dg isÿ
l< urKSh ;¾ckh wj;lafiare lrñka" Tjqka lr we;af;a YS% ,xldj ms<sn|
krl Ñ;%hla cd;Hka;r m%cdj fj; ,nd §fï lghq;a;la njg fpdaokd l<y'
bx.S%is mqj;am;l th m< lf<a ta ksidu njg fpdaokd l<y' rcfha udOHj,
fukau ;j;a udOH lsysmhl fuu fpdaokd m< ù ;snqK w;r ckdêm;sjrhd mjd
isÿùu iïnkaOfhka l<n, ù isá wdldrh l< fpdaokdj,ska meyeÈ,s úh' fuys§
fpdaokd flrefKa ±kaùu m< l< mqj;am;g fkdj thg fya;=j jq mqoa.,hd we;=¿
w;aika l< mqoa.,hkag h' ^;SrKd;aul mqj;a jd¾;dldrKfha§ bx.%Sis udOHhg
mSvkhla ;snQ njg fuh o idlaIshls&
 tu ±kaùu isxy, mqj;am;l m< ù ;snqK;a fpdaokdj,g th wod, fkdùh' thska"
isxy, mqj;am;a n,OdÍkaf.a fkd;ld yeÍug ,la ù we;s njla woyia fkdfõ' YS%
,xldfõ nyq;rh jQ isxy, m%cdj fj;" rchg jix lsÍug wjYH f;dr;=re
ikaksfõokh ùu fkdbjik nj" fjk;a u; m%ldY lrk udOHfõ§kag tfrysj
È.ska È.gu t,a, l< m%ydrj,ska meyeÈ,sh'
 hqo iuh ;=< mjd yels Wmßu Wml%uYS,s;ajfhka udkqIjd§ mqj;a m< lsÍug
fou< mqj;am;aj,g yels ùfuka fmfkkafka tla w;lska Tjqka iajhx jdrKhg
hg;a fkdù ;u ck;dj fjkqfjka hq;=lï bgq lrkakg W;aidy l< njls'
wfkla w;ska jd¾;d lrkjdg jvd zzi;HZZ nrm;, neúka" m%uqL;djhla fkd§
l< tu jd¾;d .ek rch t;rï ie,ls,a,g fkd.;a;d úh yelsh' tfia;a
fkdue;skï tu f;dr;=re ±kf.k is;a ßojd .kakd fou< ck;dj .ek ;elSula
fkdl<d úh yelsh' ch.%dyS hqo udkisl;ajhlska fj<S .sh iudch ;=< ìhlska
isá fou< ck;dj f;dr;=re ±k .ekSu wNsfhda.hla hehs is;kakg o ke;'

8' tla mqj;am;la fyda tla NdId udOHhl mqj;am;a Ndú;d lsÍfuka fyda isÿùul ienE
;;a;ajh mdGlhkag ±k .ekSu wmyiq úh'
 hqo iuh ;=< jd¾;d lsÍfï§ ta ;;a;ajh úfYaIfhka n,md we;'
 mYapd;a hqo iuh ;=< jd¾;dlrKfha§ mjd" rcfha yd rcfha mqj;am;aj,g iudkj
lghq;= lrk mqj;am;aj,ska jd¾;dlrKfha fjkila olskakg ke;' tfukau
;j;a mqj;am;a lsysmhla o jd¾;d lrkafka rchg jk n,mEu wju jk wdldrhg
wdrCIdldÍ wdldrhg nj fmfka'

42
  fjk;a isÿùï jd¾;dlrKfha§o ish¨ md¾Yajj, uQ,dY% Ndú;d fldg
iunr$meyeÈ,s jd¾;dlrKhla lrkafka bx.S%is iy isxy, mqj;am;a lsysmhla
muKs'
 udkqIjd§ mqj;a jd¾;d lsÍfï§ ks¾NS; njla m%lg l<o" fou< mqj;am;a iuia;
jd¾;dlrK ls%hdj,sfha§ ish¨ md¾Yajj, uQ,dY% Ndú;d lsÍfï§ ÿ¾j,;djhla
fmkakqï lrhs' Tjqka fndfyda úg lrkafka isÿùug wod, mqj; jd¾;d lsÍu ñi
thg wod, wfkl=;a md¾Yajj, woyia .ekSug fjfyiSu fkdfõ' ta fjkqjg úúO
uQ,dY%j,ska ,efnk f;dr;=re fjk fjku mqj;a f,i jd¾;d lrhs'

9' hqoaOh wjika ùfuka miq o ueKsla*dï wj;eka l|jqre .ek jd¾;d lsÍug ksoyia
jd;djrKhla fkdue;s úh'
 udOHhg muKla fkdj úmCI foaYmd,k{hkag mjd l|jqre ;ykï m%foaY ùu'
 wj;eka l|jqrej, .eg¿ .ek jd¾;d l< wefidaisfhagâ mqj;a fiajfha rú
fkiaudkaf.a ùid È.= fkdlsÍu ksid Tyqg ráka hkakg isÿ ùu'
 wj;eka l|jqre yd ck;djf.a .eg¿ .ek cd;Hka;r udOHj, m<jQ jd¾;d
iïnkaOfhka rcfha n,OdÍka wm%idofhka l;d lsÍu'

10' fou< mqj;am;a fuka" tf;la meje;s iajhx jdrKh ì| oud" mYapd;a hqo iuh ;=<
uyck hym; bgq lsÍug m%Yia: W;aidyhla f.k we;af;a isxy, yd bx.S%is mqj;am;a
lsysmhla muKs'
 rdjh jeks mqj;am;la ,efnk uQ,dY%j,g wu;rj fy<s l< fkdyels uQ,dY%
fidhd jd¾;d lsÍug úfYaIfhka Wkkaÿ ù we;'
 fâ,s ñr¾ mqj;am; ,efnk wjia:d iunrj yd ienE ;;a;ajh meyeÈ,s jk
jD;a;Shuh m%Yia:Ndjhlska jd¾;d lrhs'
 ikafâ ,Sv¾ ,efnk wjia:d Wmßu f,i Ndú;d lrhs'
 ikafâ ghsïia" ,xld§m" bßod ,laìu jeks mqj;am;ao iuyr jd¾;d lsÍïj,§
idOkSh fjkila fmkakqï lrhs'

11' udOH jd¾;dlrKfha m%:u hq;=lu zzuyck hym;ZZ nj mqj;am;a úiska i,ld we;s
njla fkdfmfka'
 mYapd;a hqo jd¾;dlrK iuh ;=< iuyr idOkSh j¾Okhka olakg ,enqKo th
uyck hym; ms<sn| wdpdrOd¾ul mokfï msysgd isÿjkakla njg idCIs ke;'
tfia jkafkakï ta ld,h ;=< isÿ jQ fkd;ld yeÍï isÿjkafka ke;'
 tjeks úYd, jHikhla jd¾;d lsÍug hqoaOfhka miqj;a fndfyda mqj;am;a meyeÈ,s
Wkkaÿjla fkd±laùu yd iuyr isÿùïj,§ ì| ±uQ wdldrhg iajhxjdrKhg
wLKavj wNsfhda. lsÍug ks¾NS; fkdùfuka th meyeÈ,s fõ'
 rdjh mqj;am; iy fou< mqj;am;a mYapd;a hqo iuh ;=< wLKavj;a" fâ,s ñr¾
we;=¿ by; i|yka l< mqj;am;a iuyr wjia:dj,§;a tu wNsfhda.h ch .;a
wdldrhg ish¨ mqj;am;a tl;= jQjdkï u¾okhg wNsfhda. lr uyck hym;
i|yd odhl úh yelsj ;sìK'

12' jd¾;dlrKfha w;ajer§ï" wdpdr O¾u W,ax>kh lsÍï" w.;Ska" úfYaIK iy ;u

u;h we;=,a lsÍu nyq,j olakg ,enqKq jljdkqjls'
 m%Ndlrka >d;kh jd¾;d lsÍu jd¾;d lsÍu fyd|u WodyrKhhs'

12' ueKsla*dï fÄojdplfha f.dÿre isxy, ck;dj fkdùu'

 isxy, ck;dj jQjdkï tu ck;dj fufia iÕjd isrlr ;eîu .ek udOH ksy~
fkdjkq we;'

43
 ks¾foaY
1' mYapd;a hqo udOH ixialD;sh j¾OkSh Èidjla lrd fhduq lsÍug n,mEula lsÍu$uyck
fiajd ckudOH iïm%odhla i|yd Èßu;a lsÍu wjYHh'

2' foaYmd,kh" isú,a iudch" nqoaêu;=ka hk iudcfha uQ,sl n,fõ. ;=k w;r iy
iïnkaOh f.dv k.d th ilS%h lsÍug ckudOHhg we;s Yla;sh .ek l;sldjla f.dv
k.ñka udOHhg ta Yla;sh mejÍu'
^mj;sk ckudOH m%n, f,i iïnkaO ù isákafka foaYmd,k{hka iuÕh' kuq;a
foaYmd,k{hka iuÕ ld¾hNdrfha§ o isÿjkafka j,m,a l;d lsÍu yd we;sjk
wjia:djka rx.SlrKh lsÍuh' rdcH;ajh" m%;sm;a;s ;SrK .ekSu" ixj¾Okh jeks lreKq
.ek foaYmd,k{hka nqoaOu;=kaf.ka Wmfoia .; hq;= jqj;a wo wfma rfÜ isÿjkafka
nqoaêu;=ka foaYmd,k{hkaf.ka Wmfoia .ekSuhs'&

3' ld,Sk isÿùï jd¾;d lsÍug tyd .sh" tajdfha ld,Sk foaYmd,k ;;a;ajhka .ek ú.%y
lr .ekSug wjYH uÕ fmkaùula udOHfõ§kag ,nd §u'
^mj;sk ;;a;ajh ;=< fyd|g l;d lsÍug yels ùu" fyd| rEmhla ;sîu" ,shkakg yelsùu
jeks ld¾ñl$ndysr md¾Yajh ñi wka;¾.;fha .=Kd;aulNdjhg Èh yels odhl;ajh
i,ld ne,Su wvqh'&

4' woyia m%ldY lsÍfï ksoyi W,a,x>Kh ùug tfrysj ls%hd lsÍug iu.dój f;dr;=re
,nd .ekSfï whs;sh Èkd .ekSu i|yd jev ms<sfj<la Èh;a lsÍu
^w;r uÕ wek ysá f;dr;=re ksoyfia mk; iïu; lrjd .ekSu i|yd rdcH n,OdÍka
fmd<Ujd .ekSug ckudOH w;ßka fukau isú,a iudch w;ßka o jev ms<fj<la Èh;a
úh hq;=h' ck;djg f;dr;=re ,nd .; yels m%Odk jdylhd ckudOH fyhska
ckudOHhg ta whs;sh Èkd .ekSu i|yd isú,a iudcfha iyfhda.h o wjYHh'&

5' ikaksfõok whs;sh .ek ±kqj;a$udOH idlaIr;dj iys; ilS%h mqrjeishl= ks¾udKh
lsÍug jev igyka wjYHh'
^f;dr;=re ±k .ekSfï whs;sh ;ks ;ks mqrjeishdg;a whs;sh' ilS%h mqrjeishdf.ka
udOHhg o n,mEula fõ'&

6' udOH wdpdr O¾u ms<sme§fï yqrejla m%Odk udOHfõ§ka$fõÈkshkag ,nd §u i|yd
Wml%u fiúh hq;=h'
^mqj;am;a i|yd wdpdr O¾u moaO;shla ilia l< YS% ,xld l¾;D ixiofha idudðl
mqj;am;a o wdpdr O¾u W,a,x>Kh lrhs' tfyhska" iyNd.s;ajh iïmQ¾K lr .ekSug
myiqfjka le|jd .; yels whg fyda udOH wdh;kh fhduq lrk mqoa.,hkag fyda
muKla mqyqKq jev igyka lsÍu fjkqjg" wdh;kj, mqj;a úfYaIdx. ms<sn| ;SrK .;
yels yd tajd ixialrKh lrk udOHfõ§ka b,lal lr .;a mqyqKq jev igyka ls%hd;aul
l< hq;=h'&

7' m%Odk Odrdfõ udOHhg uÕ yer hd fkdyels wdo¾Yhla Èh yels yd ;rÕhla Èh yels
jD;a;Shuh ksmqK;djhlska fyì"(Proffetionalism& wdpdr O¾u ms<smÈk úl,am udOH
ixialD;shla we;s lsÍu'

iS;d rxckS
seetharanjanee@gmail.com 2010. 01. 25

44