>d;khg ,la jQ udOHfõ§ka" udOH fiajlhska

iy l,d ixialD;sl lsh

% dldÍka
1981 - 2009 ud¾;=

woyia >d;kfha
f.dÿre
>d;khg ,la jQ udOHfõ§ka" udOH fiajlhska
iy l,d ixialD;sl lsh
% dldÍka
1981 - 2009 ud¾;=

woyia >d;kfha
f.dÿre

iS;d rxckS

ksoyia udOH jHdmdrh

Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a wdh;kh ndf¾"
wxl 96" lsre< mdr" kdrdfyakamsg" fld<U 05'
freemediasrilanka@gmail.com
 lD;sh fjkqfjka jpkhla'''
zzwoyia >d;kfha f.dÿreZZ lD;sh ksl=;a jkafka fmfkk
fukau fkdfmfkk foaYmd,k n,fõ.hkag YS% ,xldfõ
udOH nrm;, f,i .% y Kh jQ wjia : djlh’ kuq ; a
YS% ,xldfõ iuia; udOH u¾ok b;sydih fuu lD;shg
we;=<;a fkdfõ' fuys igyka jkafka udOH u¾okfha
WÉP;u wjia : dj jQ mq o a . , >d;khka .ek muKs '
YS % ,dxls l b;s y difha >d;khg ,la j Q udOHfõ§ka
lsisjl=f.a >d;k iïnkaO mÍCIKhla wjika fldg
ke;' ls i s ÿ mÍCIK jd¾;djla fy<s o rõ lr ke;'
wfkl=;a >d;k yd isÿùïj,§ ls%hd;aul jk kS;sh
udOHfõ§ka g tfrys is ÿ ùïj,§ ls % h d;a u l fkdùu
úfYaIfhka lemS fmfkhs'

fï i|yd f;dr;= r e /ia l s Í u 2009 ud¾;= udifhka

wjikaj we;s kuq;a" Ôj;aj isákjdo ke;ao hkak .ek
woyia >d;kfha f.dÿre lsisÿ f;dr;=rla wkdjrKh ù ke;s" udOHfõ§ m%.S;a
m%:u uqøKh 2011 tlake,sf.dv w;=reoyka lr fï jk úg jirla msfrhs'
l¾;D ( iS;d rxckS tfyhska fuu f;dr;=re ,ehsia;=j fuhska k;r fõ
hehs is;sh fkdyel'
 ksoyia udOH jHdmdrh
fuu ióCIKh lrk ,o iS;d rxckS ksoyia udOH
ISBN ( 978-955-0583-00-3 jHdmdrfha wdrïNfha isg wo olajd wLKavj
ls%hdldßkshl f,i lghq;= lrhs' weh jßkajr ksoyia
ljrh iy msgq ie,iqu ( iq.kaê uksudrka udOH jHdmdrfha m%Odk f,alï iy le|jqïldr ;k;=ro
ord we;' jir 32la udOH fCIa;%fha lghq;= lr we;s weh
m%ldYkh ( ksoyia udOH jHdmdrh" j¾;udkfhao ksoyia udOH jHdmdrfha m%Odk f,alï
Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a wdh;kh ndf¾" f,i lghq;= lrhs' lsú¢hl yd f,aÅldjlo jk weh
wxl 96" lsre< mdr" úYd, iïnkaO;d cd,hla Ndú;d lrñka fuu f;dr;=re
kdrdfyakamsg" fld<U 05 /ia lr f.k we;' wehg iydh jQ ish¿ fokdg ksoyia
udOH jHdmdrfha ia;=;sh ysñfõ' tfukau fmd; uqøKfha§
freemediasrilanka@gmail.com
odhl jQ ish¿ fokdgo lD;{;dj ysñfõ'
uqoK
% h ( iuhj¾Ok uqøKd,h" iq k s , a chfia l r
wxl 53" ud,s.dlkao mdr" fld<U 10 le|jqïlre- ksoyia udOH jHdmdrh
wkqm<
s f
s j<
1' ye¢kaùu
2' >d;khg ,la jQ udOHfõ§ka" udOH fiajlhska
iy l,d ixialD;sl ls%hdldÍkaf.a kï ,ehsia;=j
3' >d;kh jQ wh ms<sn| flá úia;rhla
) m%Odk fldgig wh;a mqo.
a ,hka ms<n
s | f;dr;=re
) uQ,dY% tllska muKla wkdjrKh jQ lsysm
fofkl=f.a f;dr;=re
) udOH" l,d lghq ; = j ,g odhl jQ wka ; ¾
úYa j úoHd, Ys I H n, uKa v ,fha Ys I H
foaYmd,k ls%hdldÍka
) yÈis wk;=re yd w;=reoykaùï lsym s hlg wod<
f;dr;=re
) fjk;a isoaëka lsysmhla
4' >d;khka isÿ ù we;s wdldrh ms<sn|
ksÍCIK lsysmhla
^m%Odk ,ehsi;
a j
= g wod< wh muKla .Kkh i|yd
f.k we;'&
) ck jd¾.sl jYfhka >d;k isÿ ù we;s wdldrh
) fCIa;% wkqj >d;k isÿ ù we;s wdldrh
) m<d;a wkqj >d;k isÿ ù we;s wdldrh
) m%Odk fya;= wkqj >d;k isÿ ù we;s wdldrh
5' fmdÿ ks.uk lsysmhla
ye¢kaùu
>d;khg ,la jQ udOHfõ§ka" udOH fiajlhska iy
l,d ixialD;sl ls%hdldÍka hkqfjka woyia jkafka
ia;S% mqreI fomd¾Yajhu nj uq,skau wjOdrKh l<
hq;=h' thg fya;=j" tu jpk ;=< fomd¾Yajhu
wka;¾.; jqj;a iudch yd fCIa;%h ;=< meje;s yd
mj;sk wdl,amuh wêm;s;ajh ;=< mqreI md¾Yajh
muKla isyh s g kefÕk NdIduh wêm;s;ja hla mj;sk
neúks'
>d;khg ,la jQ udOHfõ§ka" udOH fiajlhska yd
l,d ixialD;sl ls%hdldÍka .ek f;dr;=re tl;=jla
lsÍfï wruqK" woyia ±Ífï" woyia m%ldY lsÍfï yd
f;dr;=re ikaksfõokh lsÍfï ksoyi wysñ ùfuka
wfma b;sydih ;=< Ôú;fhka jkaÈ f.jkakg isÿ
jQjka ms<sn| fidhd ne,Su tl w;lska jeo.;a ksidh'
wfkla w;sk"a ksoyia woyia ±Íu" m%ldY lsÍu yd udOH
yryd ikaksfõokh lsÍfï ksoyi W,a,x>Kh lsÍug
fya;= ù we;s ft;sydisl idOl ljrdldr±hs y÷kd
.ekSug tu f;dr;=re jeo.;a jk ksidh' tfukau
iuyreka >d;kh jQfha Tjqkaf.a udOH Ndú;h ksidu
fkdjk kuq;a" Ôj;aj isáhd kï Tjqkg l< yelsj
;snQ ld¾hNdrhg jákdlula §ugo fuuÕska yels jk
ksidh'
woyia >d;kfha yd udOH u¾okfha oreKq;u wmrdOh
mqo.
a , >d;khhs' mqo.
a , >d;khka yd tajdfha wdldrhka
fidhd ne,Sfuka" woyia ±Íu" m%ldY lsÍu yd f;dr;=re
ika k s f õokh j<la j d,S u g" u¾okh ls Í ug l<
wfkl=;a W;aidyhkaf.a nrm;<lu wjfndaO lr
.ekSug yelsfjhs' tfia isÿ ùug fya;= jQ iudc
1
foaYmd,k ;;a;j a hka jgyd .ekSugo th bjy,a fjhs'
fuu f;dr;=re ix.%yh th ksÍCIKh lsÍug udj;la
újD; lrkq we;' thg myiqjla f,i fuys f;dr;=re
fm< .iajd we;af;a wod< fCIa;f
% ha m%ùK;d" fcHIaG;d
fyda ckms%h;d jeks ldrKd wkqj fkdj >d;kh jQ
j¾I wkqms<sfj< wkqjh'
1992 jif¾ ksoyia udOH jHdmdrfha wdrïNh;a iuÕ
udOH ksoyig t,a, jQ ;¾ck yd udOHfõ§ >d;kj,g
tfrysj keÕ+ y~ iy wfkl=;a ls%hdldrlï iuÕ
m%n, f,i udOH ksoyi ms<sn| l;sldjla iudch ;=<
f.dv keÕ=Ks' idys;H" l,d ixialD;sl whs;Ska yd
ksoyi fjkqfjkao fmkS isàu tu ksoyia udOH
wr.,fha u fldgila f,i f.k ks o yia udOH
jHdmdrh lghq;= lr we;' ta wruqKq Tiafia hñka
fuu f;dr;=re tl;=jg udOHfõ§ka" udOH fiajlhska
muKla fkdj l,d ixialD;sl lsh % dldrlïj,g odhl
jQ whf.a f;dr;=reo tl;= fldg we;' fï whf.ka
iuyre jD;a;Sh udOHfõ§ka" udOH fiajlhska yd l,d
ixialD;sl ls%hdldÍka jQy' iuyre fjk;a jD;a;Ska
fyda fjk;a foaYmd,k jHdmdrhka iuÕ lghq;= lrñka
udOH l,d lghq;=j, fhÿkq wh fj;s' úfYaIfhka
W;=re kef.kysr fou< foaYmd,k jHdmdr$lKavdhï
;=< fukau jdudxYsl foaYmd,k jHdmdr ;=< mQ¾K
ld,Sk foaYmd,k ls%hdldÍkaf.ka iuyre tajd u.ska
m% l dYs ; mq j ;a m ;a yd m% l dYkj, mQ ¾ K ld,S k
udOHfõ§ka yd udOH jD;a;slhka f,io lghq;= lr
we;' ;j;a iuyre iudc idOdrK;ajh yd iduh"
iyÔjkh Wfoid lghq;= l< m%.;sYS,S jHdmdr yd
iïnkaOj" tu woyia iudchg f.k hEfï ks¾udK
ld¾hhka yd tald;añlj lghq;= l< wh fj;s' tod
fukau wo;a m%dfoaYSh udOHfõ§ka$fõÈkshka" ksoyia
udOHfõ§ka$fõÈkshka nyq;rh udOH lghq;=j,
2 3
fhfokafka fjk;a jD;a;Ska fyda jHdmdrj, fyda
fhfoñkah' W;=f¾ udOH ixialD;sh fld<U wdêm;H
ork udOH ixia l D;s f hka fjkia ;uka f .a u jQ
iïm%odhla f,i meje;Su wfkla m%foaYj,g jvd
fjkiah' tu m%foaYfhao by; lS f,i jd¾;dlrejka
f,i ^m%Odk Odrdfõ udOHj, fukau m%foaYfha
udOHj,& lghq ; = lrk wh is á k w;r m<df;a
udOHj, mQ¾K ld,Sk udOHfõ§yQ fukau wfkl=;a
ish¨ jD;a;slfhdao isá;s' ^>d;k je<la" urK ;¾ck
yd m%ydr ksid fï jk úg tu m%n, udOH ixialD;sh
úkdY fjñka hdmkh udOHfõ§kaf.ka Y+kH m%foaYhla
njg m;a fjñka we;'& tfyhska m%Odk Odrdfõ
udOHfõ§ka muKla udOHfõ§ka f,i ye¢kaùfï;a
fld<ôka msg m%foaYj, isg lghq;= lrk udOHfõ§ka
m%dfoaYSh jd¾;dlrejka f,i ye¢kaùfï;a merKs
iïm%odh ms<sn| .eg¨jla u;=fõ' Tjqkg m%dfoaYSh hk
úfYaIKh fld<Ug idfmaCI lr ;sîu .eko is;d
ne,sh hq;=h' tfyhska fuys§ tjeks fn§ulska f;drj
ish¨ fokd iudk ye¢kaùulg ,la fldg we;'
fuu f;dr;=re tl;=fõ m%Odk ,ehsia;=jg hdmkh
úYajúoHd,fha isiqka fofofkl= we;=<;a ù we;s w;r"
ol=fKa isiqka ;sfofkl= YsIH foaYmd,k ls%hdldÍka
f,i fjku we;= < ;a ù we;' fya ; = j hdmkh
úYajúoHd,fha isiqka fofokd ^isiqúh yd isiqjd& by;
lS f,i fjkia u; ±Íu >d;khg fya ; = j k
foaYmd,khlg tfrysj" woyia m%ldY lsÍfï whs;sh
fjkqfjka fmkS isá" >d;khg tfrysj iduh yd
m%cd;ka;%jdoh fjkqfjka fmkS isá" ta fjkqfjka
ks¾udK lghq;=j, fhÿkq yd m%isoaO udOH lghq;=j,
fhÿkq wh fj;s' ikakoaO foaYmd,k jHdmdrhl YsIH
wxYh ksfhdackh lrñka" tu YsIH m%ldYk yd fjk;a
ryis.; m%ldYkj,g muKla odhl jQjka neúka
ol=fKa isiqka ;sfokd fjku i|yka lr we;'
Ôj;aj isáhdkï fCIa;%hg úYd, fiajhla lsÍug
yelshdj fmkajQ ;j;a lsysm fofkl=f.a yÈis urK
.ek igyklao zyÈis wk;= r e yd w;= r eoyka ù ï
lsysmhlg wod< f;dr;=reZ hk ud;Dldj hgf;a
igyka fjhs' fjk;a isoaëka lsysmhla f,i i|yka
lr we;s fofofkl= iuyr ;efkl udOHfõ§ka yd
udOH fiajlhska f,i i|yka ù we;s w;r f;dr;=re
fidhd ne,Sfï§ wjika ld,fha Tjqka udOH lghq;j
= ,
kshef<ñka isg ke;' >d;khg fya;=j udOHh fyda
woyia m%ldY lsÍfï ksoyi fkdj fjk;au ldrKd
nj fy<sfõ' tla yuqod ks,Odßhl= .ek f;dr;=rla
fuu fldgigu we;=<;a lr we;af;a udOH wdh;khlg
t,a, l< m%ydrhl§ tys wdrCIl lghq;= ksid ñh .sh
ksidfjks'
uQ , dY% tlls k a muKla wkdjrKh jQ ls y s m
fofkl=f.a f;dr;=re hgf;a i|yka jk kï lsysmh
m%Odk fldgig we;=<;a lsÍu wmyiq ù we;af;a ms<.
s ;
yels fojeks f;dr;=re ud¾.hlska tu >d;k ms<sn|
ikd: lr .ekSug fkdyels ksidh' tys i|yka lsysm
fofkla wkdjrKh ù we;af;a tla ,sÅ; f;dr;=re
ud¾.hlska muKs' fou< udOHfõ§ka fofofkla y÷kd
f.k we;af;a mqoa., f;dr;=rej,ska muKh'
flfia jqj;a ^m%Odk ,ehsi;a j
= g we;=<;a& ish¨ fokdf.a
Ôú; wysñ ùu idudkH Ôú; iajNdjh wkqj isÿ jQ
tajd fkdfõ' fkdje<elaúh yels wk;=re ksid isÿ jQ
tajdo fkdfõ' ta ish,a," >d;lhka ljqreka jqjo" Tjqka
fkdleue;s fjk;a u;hla ±rE ks i dfjka fyda
4 5
>d;lhka fkdleue;s woyia m%ldY l< ksidfjka
fyda >d;lhka wkdjrKh jk ikakf s õokhl fhÿkq
ksidfjka fyda ck;djg hym;a ikaksfõokhl
fhÿkq ksidfjka fyda úixuq;shg" úixjdohg iudch
;=< bvlv wysñ lsÍu ksidfjka fyda isÿ jQ >d;khkah'
n, wr.,h ksid isÿ jQ >d;khkah' úpdrh fjkqjg
wúpdrh iudch fj<d .;a ks i dfjka is ÿ jQ
>d;khkah' wysxidjdoh fjkqjg ;%ia;jdoh iudch
;=< Tvq ÿjd hEfuka isÿ jQ >d;khkah' m%;s ;%i;
a jdoh"
rdcH ;% i a ; jdoh ks i dfjka we;s jQ >d;khka h '
foaYmd,lhkaf.a jxpd" ¥IK" wlghq;=lï fy<sorõ
ùug tfrys foaYmd,k l=uka;%Khka ksid isÿ jQ
>d;khkah' rfÜ nyqúO;ajh fkd;elSfuka we;s jQ
hqoO
a h yd hqo jd;djrKh ksid isÿjQ >d;khkah' hqoOa h
yd ta wdYs%; wlghq;=lï fy<sorõ ùu je<elaùu i|yd
isÿ jQ >d;khkah' tys woyi fuu iuyr >d;k udOH
yd l,d ixialD;sl Ndú;djka ksidu isÿ jQ tajd
fkdjk kuq;a fjk;a u;hla" foaYmd,k woyila
±Íu" ;udg md,kh l< fkdyels hqoaOhg f.dÿre ùu
jeks fya;= ksid o isÿ ù we;s njhs'
rgl ck;djg jk úm;a iïnka O fhka m% O dk
j.lsjhq;a;d rgla md,kh lrk rch jk kuq;a"
>d;khka isÿ ù we;s wdldrh" m%foaY yd ld, jljdkq
wkqj by; i|yka l< ish¨ wdldrfha >d;k my;
i|yka mßÈ fldgia ;=klg j¾. l< yelsh'
1' ckjd¾.sl m%Yka h$hqoO
a h yd ta wdY%;
s >d;k ^fou<
ikakoaO lKavdhï ìys ùu" wNHka;r >d;k yd
lKavdhï w;r >d;k wdÈho we;=<;a&
2' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK úiska we;s l< NSIKh yd
rdcH m%;s NSIKh ksid isÿjQ >d;k
3' foaYmd,lhkaf.a l=uka;%K ksid isÿ l< >d;k
fï iïnkaO igykla iy m<d;a yd ck j¾.hka
wkqj >d;khka isÿ ù we;s wdldrhka ms<sn| igykla
>d;khka isÿ ù we;s wdldrh ms<sn| ksÍCIK
z>d;khka
lsysmhlaZ hk f;audj hgf;a lD;sfha wjika fldgfia
i|yka lr we;'
fuu >d;kj,s k a jeäu fldgi is ÿ ù we;a f ;a
zckjd¾.sl m%Yakh$hqoaOh yd ta wdY%s; >d;kZ f,ih'
m%Odk ,ehsi;
a j
= g we;=<;a >d;kh jQjka 114 fokdf.ka
80 lau >d;kh ù we;af;a tu f;audj hgf;ah' NSIK
iufha§ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK úiska >d;kh l<
jdudxYslhkaf.ka nyq;rh o bkaÿ ,xld idu .súiqug
mCI ùu yd ta yryd we;sjQ m<d;a iNd ue;sjrKhg
iydh m< l< wh fj;s' úch jeks l,dlrejl=f.a
isg >d;kh jQ jdudxYslhska tla l<fyd;a tu ixLHdj
úYd, fjhs' tfukau >d;kh ù we;s nyq;rh fou<
cd;slhkah' th 114 fokdf.ka 60 fofkls'
flfia jqj;a fou< ñksiqkaf.a f;dr;=re ±k .ekSfï"
woyia ±Ífï" m%ldY lsÍfï ksoyig ;¾ck t,a, jQ
b;sydih b;d lgqlh' ksoyfika miq YS% ,dxlsl
b;sydifha oreKq;u woyia u¾okh m%ldYhg m;a
jkafka fou< ck;djg tfrysj Tjqkaf.a yoj; n÷
jQ hdmkh mqia;ld,h .sks ;eîfuks' th wyUq isÿ
ùula fkdj is;d u;d ie,iqï l< l=uka;%Khla f,i
Èh;a l< úkdYhls ' fou< ck;djf.a yoj;;a
fud<h;a n÷ jQ tu mqia;ld,fha b;d jákd fmd;a
97000la muK .sksn;a jQ nj jd¾;d úh' 1981 cQks 01
jeksod rd;s%fha isÿ l< tu idyisl wmrdOfhka miq
fou< ck;dj b;d fõokdjg;a lïmdjg;a m;a jQy'
tmuKla fkdj wdishdfõ jákd;u mqia;ld,hla jQ
hdmkh mqia;ld,h .sks ;eîfï isoaêfhka ixfõ§
f,dalhu lïmd úh' mqia;ld,hg .sks ;nd kslïu
6 7
m,d .shd fkdj fld<ôka .sh foaYmd,k{hskaf.a
uerhska tys fldgiska fldgig f.dia fmÜg%,a oud
.sks ;enQ wdldrh jd¾;d úh' 1981 jif¾ cQks 04 jeksod
hdmkfha meje;aùug kshñ;j ;snQ ixj¾Ok iNd
Pkaoh uxfld,a, lEfï wruqfKka uehs 31 jeksod isg
ol=fKka .sh ixúOdkd;aul foaYmd,k uer l,a,s
fhdod hdmkh .sks ;eîfï ls%hdj,sh Èh;a ù we;' cQks
01 jeksod rd;s%fha mqia;ld,h .sks .kakd wdrxÑh ±k
.;a fudfydf;a wyig kÕsk .sks ±,a ÿgq fâúâ kï
msh;=ud by<g .;a yqiau iuÕ t;eku weo jeà ñh
f.dia we;' t;=ud mqia;ld,h ks;r mßyrKh l<
ksrela;sjdÈhl= jQ w;r ta jk úg m¾fhaIKd;aul
lD;shla ,shñka isg we;' mqia;ld,fhka Wmßu
m%fhdack .;a tys ld¾hd, ld¾h iydhl mÜl=kï
kdgH rplhl= yd rx. Ys,amshl= f,io lghq;= l<
wfhls' mqia;ld,h .sks ;nkq ÿgq Tyq Wu;= frda.shl=
njg m;a jQ nj jd¾;d fõ'
fou< ñksidf.a wd;auhu ;=jd, lrñka u¾okh tf,i
wuq wuqfõ wdrïN jkafka 1981 isgh' fou< ;reK
foaYmd,k lKavdhïj, ke.sàu isÿ jkafka;a tu
jljdkqfõh' thska miq jljdkqj fou< ck;djf.a
wysñ whs;sjdislï Èkd .ekSfï igk mfil ;sìh§
lKavdhï w;r n, fmdrhla we;s jk ld,hla njg
m;a fjhs' lKavdhï ;=< m%cd;ka;j
% doh m%Yk
a lrkakka
urd ±óu" tajdg tlÕ fkdù yer hkakka urd ±óu
j¾Okh fjhs' lKavdhï w;r urd .ekSï j¾Okh
fjhs' wjidkfha wfkl=;a lKavdhï u¾okh lrñka
t,aààBh n,j;a fjhs' tfyhska uE; b;sydifha
oreKq;u woyia u¾okh hdmkfhka wdrïN jQ 1981
jif¾ isg >d;kh jQ mqoa.,hkaf.a f;dr;=re fuu
lD;shg we;=<;a fjhs' 1981 jif¾ isg 2009 jif¾
ckjdß ui olajd >d;k f;dr;=re fidhd .; yels
wdldrhg fuys igyka fjhs'
YS% ,xldfõ woyia u¾ok b;sydih ft;sydisl rdcH
md,k iuhka olajd wE;g úysfokakls' wd.u weoySfï
ksoyi yd ta wdYs%; .%ka: ^;,am;aj, ,shQ& mßyrK
whs;sh W,a,x>kh lrñka we;s jk tu u¾okhka
fjdaydßl ;siai rc iuh ^ls%'j' 214 - 236& lrd Èfjhs'
th we;s jkafka uyd úydrh iy wNh.sßh w;r we;s
jk f:rjd§ nqÿ oyu iy uydhdk nqÿ oyu ms<sn|
jdoh ksidh' f.daGdNh rc iufha§ uydhdk u; orE
NsCIQka yeg kulf.a fjr ,l=Kq ;nd ráka msgqjy,a
l< nj;a fmd;a m;a .sks ;enQ nj;a jd¾;d fõ' uyd
jxYhg wkqj fï wd.ï weoySfï jdoh ksid ;j;a
oreKq Ydia;% yd Ys,m
a úkdYhlg ,la jkafka uyfika
rcq iufha§h' fjr ,l=Kq ;nd ráka msgqjy,a l<
NsCIQka ÿgq ix>ñ;% kï uydhdk NsCIqj YS% ,xldjg
meñK uyfika rcq uydhdk oyug keUqre lrjd f.k
l< l=uka;%Khlg wkqj tu úkdYh isÿ jk nj
b;sydifha lshefõ' ta wkqj uyd úydr jdiS NssCIQkag
oka fok rg jeishkag ov kshu lrkq ,eìK' ix>ñ;%
ysñf.a ñ;% fidaK keue;s weue;sjrhdo yjq,a lrf.k
uyd úydrh yd wkqnoaO úydr úkdY lrùug lghq;=
l< njo jd¾;d fõ' miqj rcqf.a ñ;% fï>j¾KdNh
weue;sf.a uÕ fmkaùfuka rcq kej; uyd úydrh
f.dv kexùug lghq;= l< njo rcqf.a tla ìijla
uyd úydrh úkdY lrjQ iÕñ;a ysñ iy fidaK weue;s
jvqjl= ,jd uerjQ njo uyd jxYfha i|yka fõ' miq
ld,Skj we;s jQ ld,sx. ud> wdl%uKj,§o fn!oaO
.%ka: /ila úkdY l< nj yd fjfyr úydr úkdY
l< nj jd¾;d fõ' flfia jqj;a ft;sydisl idOlj,
isg woyia u¾okfha uq," rdcH md,lhka wkqkaf.a
nyg /jàu" wkau; fkdbjiSu" úixuq;shg bv
fkd;eîu jeks ldrKd fukau isú,a yd ndysr wdl%uK
njg idCIs we;' l=uka;%Kj,g tys§ uq,a ;ek ,eî
we;' m%cd;ka;%jdoh .re lrk úYaj .ïudkhla njg
8 9
m;ajQ YsIag iïmkak hehs iïu; f,dalhl l=vd rgla
jQ YS% ,xldj ;=< tu YsIag;ajh wìnjd jevjiï
u¾okhla ;j ÿrg;a j¾Okh ùu lK.dgqodhlh' YsIg a
iïmkak rglg fi!Nd.H f.k tkafka ksoyia woyia
ñi f.da;j % d§" hqojd§ wúkS;lï fkdfõ' Wodjk iQ¾hhd
ynr, fld<hlska jeish fkdyelsh' ukqIH;ajh
kdufhka i;Hh fy<sorõ ùu j<lajd,sh fkdyelsh'
tfyhska woyia m%ldY lsÍfï ksoyi yd f.da;%jd§
;yxÑ w;r ksrka;r wr.,hla f,dalh mqrd wvq jeä
jYfhka ls%hd;aul fõ'
wm ±k isá isoaëkaj,g wu;rj udi y;rla mqrd fuu
f;dr;=re /ia lsÍu isÿ úh' ,sÅ; f;dr;=rla ikd:
lr .ekSu i|yd ld,hg wod<" m%foaYhg wod<"
fCIa;%hg wod< fcHIaGhka úuid f;dr;=re ikd:
lr .ekSu isÿ úh' ish¨ f;dr;=re" uQ,dY% tllg jvd
Ndú; lrñka ikd: lr .;a tajdh' iuyr úg jeä
úia;r yd ikd: lr .ekSu i|yd tl kula i|yd
ÿrl;k mKsjqv 40 la muK §ug isÿ úh' jdÑl
f;dr;=re úúO md¾Yaj yryd ikd: lr .ekSug W;aidy
f.k we;' wdrCIl fya;+ka u; kï i|yka l<
fkdyels jqj;a W;=re kef.kysr" úfoia.; fukau
fld<Uo fcHIaG fou< udOHfõ§ka /ilf.a yd
uqi,
a ï
s ys;j;=ka lsyms fofkl=f.a u;lh fukau udOH
wdh;k lsysmhl iydh fuu f;dr;=re /ia lsÍug
WmldÍ úh' fld<U m%Odk Odrdfõ fcHIaG udOHfõ§
ñ;=rka /ilf.a u;lho fuys§ jeo.;a ld¾hNdrhla
bgq lf<ah' mqo.
a , uQ,dY% úYd, m%udKhla iuÕ lghq;=
lrkakg isÿ úh' hdmkh úYajúoHd,fha
wdpd¾hjrekaf.a ix.ufha jd¾;d we;=<;a lD;s" NSIK
iufha >d;kh jQjkaf.a f;dr;=re we;=<;a lD;s fukau
úúO lD;s /ila f;dr;=re .fõIKhg bjy,a úh'
jir oyhl hqla;sh mqj;am;a" m%Odk Odrdfõ udOH
wdh;k lsysmhl mqia;ld," cd;sl mqia;ld, m%f,aLk
fiajd uKav,fha mqi; a ld,h" fou< foaYmd,k mCIj,
f;dr;=re ud¾." jdudxYsl foaYmd,k mCI f;dr;=re
ud¾. iy fjí wvú /ila f;dr;=re fidhd hEfï§
iydh úh' ta ish¨ fokdg iy ish¨ wdh;kj,g >d;khg ,lajQ udOHfõ§ka" udOH
wmf.aa f.!rjh iy ia;; = hs ysñfõ' ish,a,g m%:ufhka
fiajlhska iy l,d ixialD;sl
fujeks ióCIKhla lrkakg ud yg wdrdOkd l<"
ksoyia udOH jHdmdrfha ysgmq le|jqïlrejl= jk lsh
% dldßkaf.a kï ,ehsi;
a j
=
iqkkao foaYms%h ia;=;s mQ¾jlj isysm;a lrñ' ^>d;kh jQ j¾Ih wkqj fm< .iajd we;'&

2008 Tlaf;dan¾ ui wjika l< fuu ióCIKh uqøKh

m%udo jQ fyhska 2009 ud¾;= ui olajd isÿùï tl;=
fldg fufia Tn w;g m;afjhs' tfukau ilia l<
fuu ,ehs i a ; = j mßmQ ¾ K tlla úh fkdyels h '
–
–
kjr;akï - PdhdrEm Ys,amS - cQks 03
úu,a tia iqf¾kaø - PdhdrEm Ys,amS 1981
idudkHfhka b;sydih ,shefjkafka y`~la ;sn"Q n,hla Tla f ;da n ¾ 26
;snQ whg jdis iy.; f,i ùu i;Hhls' wjjrm%idÈ;
wh" wêm;s u;jdoh ;=< ia;k %S "a tu b;sydih ;=< Ôj;a – i;disjï YsjYkauq.uQ¾;
;s ^iqkaorï& - udOHfõ§
jkafka ke;' ke;skï wvqfjks' fuu fCIa;%h ;=<o
fld;ekl fyda kula igyka fkdù" ldf.a fyda
ckjdß 02 1982
u;lfha fkd/£ ksy~ fiajhla l< wh b;sydi msgq – rdcr;akï fchpkaøka ^md¾;ka& - udOHfõ§
w;ßla .s,syS isákakg mq¿jk' wmf.a W;aidyh jQfha
tfia ieÕù .sh wh fiùu jqjo fuu flá ld,h ;=<
cQks - wf.daia;= w;r 1984
yuq fkdjQ wh ;j;a is á ka k g mq ¿ jk' u;= – ldjƾ tia' fc.kdoka - f,aLl
ixialrKhl§ tfia yuqjk whg b;sidyfha bvla
fjka úh hq;=uh'
1986
– ks,ka; .=Kj¾Ok - wdf,allrK Ys,ma S -rEmjdyskS
iS;d rxckS -
seetharanjanee@gmail.com –
Tlaf;dan¾ 05 -
f¾Kq l w;a ; kdhl bxðfka r e - rEmjdys k S
1987
2011 ckjdß Tla f ;da n ¾ 5
– .dñKS chka; - ld¾ñl ks,OdÍ - rEmjdyskS
Tla f ;da n ¾ 05
– jhs' lreKdmd, - ßhÿre - rEmjdyskS
Tla f ;da n ¾ 05
10 11
 – l=urhshd lu,odia - uqøKd, fiajl
Tla f ;da n ¾ 13
– wreK ly|.uf.a - lúfhls - Tlaf;dan¾ 19
– kkaok udrisxy - l,dlre - fkdjeïn¾ 29
– i;Hmd, jkaks.u - f,aLl - fkdjeïn¾ 18
meyer .ekS u
– fla' tï jdiy¾ - udOHfõ§
– tia' kvrdcd - udOHfõ§
1988 –
–
úch l=udrK;=x. - l,dlre - fmnrjdß 16
pkaøisß ùrúl%u isxyfiak - wf<ú ksfhdað;
uehs 17
– Ô' î' .=Kodi - wf<ú iylre - uehs 17
– lkaohshd lkaoidñ - udOH wdh;k
whs;slre - cQks$cQ,s
– fykaß muqKqj - udOH fiajl - Tlaf;dan¾ 02
– à'î' úfÊiQßh - ixialD;sl ls%hdOr
Tla f ;da n ¾ 03
– fÊ'B' .=Kfialr - f,aLl$mßj¾;l
Tla f ;da n ¾ 19
– ã' tï' ã' pkaøúu, - udOHfõ§
fkdjeïn¾ 17
– fk,aika lreKdr;ak - udOHfõ§
fkdjeïn¾ 23
– tÉ'B' ohdkkao - f,aLl - foieïn¾ 02
– tka' iS' tï' biaudhs,a - udOHfõ§ - foieïn¾
– tia' fi,ajrdcd - udOHfõ§
1989 –
–
ã'tka' tia' m;srK - udOHfõ§ - ckjdß 24
wdkkao kjr;ak - f,aLl - ckjdß 25
– î'tï' ùrfldaka nKavdr -ixialD;sl ls%hdOr -
fmnrjdß 09
12
– tka'Ô fma%ur;ak ^Wmd,s& - ùÈ kdgH rx. Ys,amS
fmnrjdß 11
– ir;a fifkúr;a k - ùÈ kdgH rx. Ys , a m S
fmnrjdß 11
– fÊ' ta' ffu;S%md, chùr ^f,dl= whshd& - ùÈ kdgH
rx. Ys,amS - fmnrjdß 11
– .dñKS fiakl nKavdr ^id.r& f,aLl
ud¾;= 06
– fla' ;knd,isxyï - f,aLl - ud¾;= 24
– iqks,a kjr;ak - udOHfõ§ - ud¾;=
–
–
à uy,sx.ï - udOHfõ§ - uehs 11
mS'ã' úu,fiak - uqøKd, l<ukdlre - uehs 27
– whsjka chfialr - udOHfõ§ - cQks 04
– f;aúia .=ref.a - udOHfõ§ - cQ,s 23
– fma%ulS¾;s o w,aúia - udOHfõ§ - cQ,s 31
– l=,isß wur;=x. - udOHfõ§ - wf.daia;= 11
– id.ßld f.dauia - udOHfõÈkS - iema;eïn¾ 18
– rdðKS rdcisxyï ;srdK.u - f,aÅld
1989 iema ; eïn¾ 21
– whs' Ikauq.,sx.ï - - udOHfõ§ - fkdjeïn¾ 06
– tï' wñ¾;,sx.ï - mqj;am;a whs;slre$ geñ,a g%iaÜ
*kaâ
– wd¾'ã' msgfj, - k¾;k Ys,amS
– ir;a pkaør;ak - .dhl
– tï' kjr;akï - udOHfõ§
– ,CIauka fmf¾rd - kdgH ksYamdol - ckjdrs 27
–
–
rspâ o fidhsid - udOHfõ§ - fmnrjdß 18
l=udr.=re l=.uQ¾;s - udOH fiajl
1990
–
iema ; eïn¾ 16
fidakd m;aukdoka - udOH fiajl
iema ; eïn¾ 27
– hQ't,a odjqoa - f,aLl - 1990
– wyuâ f,ífí - f,aLl - 1990 foieïn¾ 26
13
 fõ¨ms,af,a wdkkaoka - f,aLl - fmnrjdß 21 frdayK l=udr - udOHfõ§ - iema;eïn¾ 07
1991 –
– fidaims,aff, fkdanÜ fyj;a fvdñksla - f,aLl
- uehs 17
–
– woanqordcd kvrdcd ^rfïIa& - udOHfõ§
fkdjeïn¾ 02
1999
– fi,a ú ks ; s ;Hd.rdcd - ks o yia udOHfõÈks $ – wkqr ms%hka; l=f¾ - wdf,dallrK Ys,amS -whsàtka
ixialD;sl ls%hdOr - wf.daia;= 26 foieïn¾ 18
– tia' ;s,aff,kdoka - ixialD;sl ls%hdOr – bkaÈl m;a;sksjiï - leurd iydhl - isri
wf.da i a ; = 26 foieïn¾ 18
– fla ufkdayrka - ixialD;sl ls%hdOr – neiaáhka wekagkS ußhodia - .=jkaúÿ,s Ys,amS
wf.da i a ; = 26 foieïn¾ 31

1993 – wekagkS laúkagia m%kdkaÿ - udOHfõ§

1993 uehs 02
– fi,s h ka fma ß ïnkdh.ï - udOHfõ§$f,a L l
iema ; eïn¾ 10 2000
– ta' tï kshu;=,a,d - udOHfõ§ - iema;eïn¾ 16
– ta' iNd,sx.ï - f,aLl - uehs 1 – uhs,ajdykï ksu,rdcka -udOHfõ§
1994 – lklr;akï YSi
foieïn¾ 03
% l
a kaordcd ^fla'tia' rdc& - udOHfõ§ Tla f ;da n ¾ 19

– lreKdr;ak imq;ka;S% -udOHfõ§ - wfma%,a 29

– whshd;=f¾ Ô kfâika - udOHfõ§
uehs 31 2004
1995 –
–
lsru mshfidau - udOHfõ§ - wfma%,a 29
täúka ùrisxy - PdhdrEm uOHfõ§ - wfma%,a 29
– lkaoidñ whsh¾ nd,kvrdÊ - f,aLl
wf.da i a ; = 16
– tia' tia' .fkaIms,af,a ^jrKshqrka& - .=jkaúÿ,s – ,xld chiqkaor - PdhdrEm udOHfõ§
Ys,amS - wf.daia;= 30 foieïn¾ 11

1996 –
–
iq§m mQ¾Kð;a - udOHfõ§ - cQ,s 28
lkaohshd .fÊkaøka - udOHfõ§ - Tlaf;dan¾ 27
–
–
O¾ur;akï isjrdï - udOHfõ§ - wfma%,a 28
lkakuq;a;= w¾il=ud¾ - udOH fiajl - cQks 29 2005
– f¾,ka.S fi,ajrdcd - udOHfõÈkS - wf.daia;= 12
– ;sreKdjqlriq ;¾u,sx.ï -mqj;am;a wf<ú ksfhdað; – ã' fi,ajr;akï - - wdrCIl ks,OdÍ
1997 - Tlaf;dan¾ 02
–
wf.da i a ; = 29
fhda . l= u d¾ l% s I a K ms , a f f, - udOH fia j l -
– iYS ls%IaKl=ud¾ - ksoyia udOHfõ§ iema ; eïn¾ 30
1998 iema ; eïn¾ 29 – ta't,a'tï *,S,a ^keÜmsÜáuqfkhs *,S,a& - f,aLl
- foieïn¾ 02
– fla' kjr;akï - udOH fiajl - foieïn¾ 22
14 15
 iqn%ukshï iq.S¾ordcka - udOHfõ§ - ckjdß 24 mrKsrEmisxyï foajl=ud¾^34& - udOHfõ§
2006 –
– tia'à .kkdoka -fou< m%jD;a;s iy f;dr;=re
uOHia:dkh -fldgialre - fmnrjdß 1
–

–
uehs 28
fudyuâ uyre*a rYañ^31& - udOHfõ§
2008
– neiaáhka fcda¾Ê iqf¾Ya - udOH fiajl - uehs 03 Tla f ;da n ¾ 06
– rdcr;akï rxð;a l=ud¾ - udOH fiajl - uehs 03
– ksyd,a ä is,ajd - f,aLl - uehs 27 ,ika; úl%u;=x. - l¾;D $ udOHfõ§
–
–
iïm;a ,laud,a o is,ajd - udOHfõ§ - cQ,s 02
ußhodia ufkdackardÊ - udOH fiajl
–

–
ckjdß 08
mqkakshuQ¾;s i;HuQ¾;s - udOHfõ§
2009
wf.da i a ; = 01 fmnrjdß 12
– m;a u kdoka ùYdukka o ka - .dhl$ix.S ; { - – iisuoka - udOH fiajl - ud¾;= 06
wf.daia;= 02
– i;disjï ndialrka - udOH fiajl - wf.daia;= 15
– iskak;ïì isjuyrdcd - udOH ysñlre
wf.daia;= 20

2007 –
–
tia rùkaøka - udOH fiajl - fmnrjdß 12
% kshï rdupkaøka - udOHfõ§ - fmnrjdß 15
iqnu
– iqYdIa pkaøfndaia - udOHfõ§ - wfma%,a 16
– fi,ajrdid rÔõj¾uka -udOHfõ§ - wfma%,a 29
– iyfoa j ka ks , CIka -udOHfõ§$udOH Ys I H
wf.da i a ; = 01
– weka;kSms,af,a fIÍka is;a;srxcka- udOH fiajl
fkdjeïn¾ 05
– jäfõ,a ksu,rdcd ^31&- udOH fiajl
fkdjeïn¾ 17
– bidhs ú is fiïms h dka ^iq N dðkS & fldá y~
udOHfõÈkS - fkdjeïn¾ 27
– iqf¾Ya ,sïìfhda - fldá y~ - udOH fiajl
fkdjeïn¾ 27
– à ;¾u,s x .ï - fldá y~ - udOH fia j l
fkdjeïn¾ 27
– ví,sõ' .=Kisxy - udOHfõ§ - foieïn¾ 05

16 17
uQ,dY% tllska muKla wkdjrKh jQ lsym
s udOH" l,d lghq;j= ,g odhl jQ
fofkla wka;¾ úYaj úoHd, YsIH n,
uKav,fha YsIH foaYmd,k lsh
% dldÍka
– fla' tia' r;akisxyï - udOHfõ§ - uvl,mqj
1986 – moauisß ;S%udú;dk - ks¾udKlrefjls
1988 Tlaf;dan¾ 22
– à' ohdkkaoka - udOHfõ§ - ;ñì¨ú,a " wïmdr – Wmd,s .uf.a - fjä y~ ixialdrl - 1990 ckjdß
1985 – w;=, fiakdr;ak - fjo isiq y~ ixialdrl
1990 iema ; eïn¾ 17
– trdjq¾ >d;kfha§ ñh .sh lúhd
1990 wf.da i a ; = 11 yÈis wk;=re yd w;=reoykaùï lsym
s hlg wod<
f;dr;=re
– kd.,sx.ï ;Hd.rdcd - udOHfõ§ - uvl,mqj
– ,Skd whsßka ymq;ka;S% - f,aÅld$lsú¢h
– fla' mS' Wmfiak - mqj;am;a wf<ú ksfhdað; 1987 uehs 18
1988 uehs 16 – pkaøl=udr úl%ur;ak - lúfhls - 1991 ka miq
w;= r eoyka
– hQ'iS' lreKd;s,l - ydßiam;a;=j - PdhdrEm Ys,amS – l=,isxy - udOHfõ§-
- 1988 cQ,s 09 – fla' kkao l=ud¾ - udOH fiajl - 2001 uehs 06
– relaIsld m%idÈkS - udOHfõÈkS
– úfÊisß kdkdhlaldr - udOHfõ§ - u;=.u 2006 foieïn¾ 19
1989 wfma%,a 22
fjk;a isoaëka lsysmhla
– ðkfiak lia;=ß wdrÉÑ - udOHfõ§ - ;x.,a, – fldamar,a fiamd, .=K;s,l - hqo yuqodj
1989 wf.daia;= 21 1984 fkdjeïn¾ 03
– wdkkao fukaäia - óáhdf.dv jd¾;dlre
– whs' is' m%kdkaÿ - mqj;am;a fnod yeÍu - ueKsly
a k
s k
a 1988 wfma%,a 17
- NSIK iuh ;=< – rK;=x. - msgq ie,iqï Ys,amS - NSIK iuh

18 19
>d;khg ,lajQ udOHfõ§ka" udOH
fiajlhska iy l,d ixialD;sl
lsh
% dldßkaf.a f;dr;=re
^>d;kh jQ j¾Ih wkqj fm< .iajd we;'&
1981
kjr;akï - PdhdrEm udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1981 cQks 03
fidhd .; yels jd¾;d wkq j >d;khg ,la j Q
ckudOHg iïnkaO;djla ;snQ m%:u mqo. a ,hd" PdhdrEm
Ys,amshl= jQ kjr;akïh' 1981 cQks 03 jeksod hdmkfha
pqkakdlï m%foaYfha§ fmd,sia fjä ;eîulska Tyq
>d;khg ,la fldg we;' cQks 04 jeksod hdmkfha
meje;aùug kshñ;j ;snQ Èia;%sla ixj¾Ok iNd
ue;sjrKh uxfld,a, lEfï woyiska tjlg n,fha
isá rcfha m%n,hskaf.a fufyhùfuka 1981 uehs 31
jeksod rd;s%fha wdrïN l< hdmkh .sks ;eîfï
ls%hdj,sh Èk 3la muK ls%hd;aul úh' meje;s m%pKav
ls%hdj, W.%u M,h" cQks 01 jeksod rd;s%fha wdishdfõ
úYd,;u mqia;ld,h jQ hdmkfha mqia;ld,h .sks
;eîuhs' fou< ck;djf.a yoj;g;a fud<hg;a
folgu .sks ;enQ tu isoaêh furg udOH u¾okfha
úYd,;u fÄojdplh f,i igyka fjhs' tosku
B,kdvq mqj;am;a ld¾hd,ho .sks ;nd úkdY lrk
,§' kjr;akï tu .sks ;enQ B,kdvq mqj;am;g PdhdrEm
iemhQ" fm!oa.,slj jD;a;shla f,i PdhdrEm .ekSu
l< mqoa.,hl= úh yels njg woyia m< jqj;a jeä ÿr
20
f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug tl, tu mqj;amf;a fiajh
l< lsisfjla fidhd .ekSu ÿIalrh' tl, ld¾h
uKav, PdhdrEm Ys,amSka fkdisá nj jd¾;d jk w;r
wju myiqlï hgf;a ,sf;da uqo%K l%uhg mqj;am;a
m< fldg we;' .sks ;eîï isÿ jQ tu Èk lsysmh ;=<
hdmkh Èia;s%lalfha fmd,sia we¢ß kS;sho ls%hd;aul
ù we;s w;r" PdhdrEm .; lsÍul§ kjr;akï PdhdrEm
Ys,m
a h
s d >d;kh jkakg we;ehs woyia fõ' jhi wjqreÿ
40;a 45;a w;r mqoa.,hl= nj lshefõ' Tyqf.a fjk;a
f;dr;=rla fidhd .ekSug idCIs ke;'
úu,a tia iqf¾kaø - PdhdrEm udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1981 Tlaf;dan¾ 26
>d;kh l< njg iel lrk fojeks PdhdrEm udOH
fõÈhd f,i jd¾;d jk úu,a tia iqf¾kaø" ^fidaur;ak
úu,a iqf¾kaø& YS% ,xldfõ m%Odk Odrdfõ udOH ;=<
fiajh lrñka isáh§ fld<U Èia;l %s l
a h ;=< >d;khg
,lajQ m%:u udOHfõÈhdh' Tyq Èjhsk mqj;amf;a PdhdrEm
Ys,amshl= jQ w;r oji" isß,l" ckÈk iy we;a; hk
mqj;am;aj,o fiajh fldg we;' fnd/,af,a ls%Idka;
kï iagä Q fhda tl mj;ajd f.k .sh Tyq ;j;a udOHfõ§
ñ;=rka lsysm fofkl= iuÕ tys ldurhl k;r ù
isáfhah' 1981 Tlaf;dan¾ ui 26 jeksod tjlg rcfha
m%n, wud;Hjrfhl= jQ fcdaka wur;=x. uy;df.a
l|dfka msysá ksji wi, uy mdf¾È Tyq >d;khg
,la úh' yÈis wk;=rla f,i fmkajkakg W;aidy
.;a tu >d;kh iel iys; úh' h;=re meÈhlska .uka
lrñka isá úu,a tia iqf¾kaø ßh wk;=rlg ,laù
we;s nj m%ldY l<o Tyqf.a h;=re meÈh mdr whsfka
idudkHfhka kj;d ;nk f,i fld<U foig
uqyqK,d kj;d ;sìK' Tyqf.a fy,auÜ tl ^ysia
21
wdjrKh& yuqjQfha wod, foaYmd,k{hdf.a ksjfiks'
tfukau tÈk rd;%f s ha Tyq ñh .sh miq Tyqf.a ldurhg
.sh fmd,Sish Wmd,s mqj;am;a wdh;kfhka Tyqg ,nd
È ;snQ kj;u leurdj iy m%n, foaYmd,k{hl=f.a
ìß|f.a PdhdrEm /ila /f.k f.dia we;' ish¿u
f;dr;=re iel iys; neúka ;ksju ta iïnkaOfhka
f;dr;=re fidhd ks;suh lghq;= lrkakg bÈßm;a jQ
Tyqf.a ifydaorhdgo urK ;¾ck t,a, jQ neúka Tyq
ueo fmrÈ. rglg f.dia we;' >d;kh isoq jQ iji
úu,a l|dkg f.dia we;af;a wod, wud;Hjrhdf.a
ìß|f.a {d;s fidfydhqßhl iuÕ újdy ù isá
wud;Hjrhdf.a m%n, wdOdrlrejl= jQ Tyqf.a ñ;=rl=f.a
wdrdOkdjla msg Tyq uqK .efikakgh' >d;k ie,iqu
tys isg ls%hd;aul ù we;s w;r" wdrCIdj m;d Èj .sh
weue;sjrhdf.a ksjfia ñÿf,a§ oreKq m%ydrhlg ,laù
weo jegqKq Tyq ll=,a foflka weof.k f.dia mdrg
oud we;' fmd,Sish meh 4 la muK Tyq frday,lg fyda
/f.k f.dia ke;s nj;a ñh hkakg wdikakfha f.k
f.dia we;s nj;a rdjh mqj;am; ta iïnkaOfhka l<
.fõIKd;aul jd¾;djl i|yka fõ'
22
1982
i;disjï isjYkauq.uQ¾;s ^iqkaorï& - l¾;D"
mqÈh mdfohs
>d;kh jq Èkh - 1982 ckjdß 02
i;disjï ^iodisjï& isjYkauq.uQ¾;s kï jQ Tyq m%isoaO
jQfha ziqkaorïZ hk kñkah' b;sydih ;=< Tyqf.a ku
igyka jkafka" mSã; ck;djf.a whs;sjdislï Èkd
.ekSfï foaYmd,khla lsÍug lem jQ foaYmd,k
ls%hdOrhl= f,i fukau" foaYmd,ksl mqj;am;la
wdrïN lr tys l¾;Dlu ±rE ksidh' fou< m%cdjf.a
whs;sjdislï fjkqfjka igka lsÍu i|yd t,aààB
ixúOdkhg tlaù ls%hd l< Tyq" flá l,lskau tys
foaYmd,k .uka uÕ .ek l<lsÍug m;a úh' bka
bj;a ù kj foaYmd,k ixúOdkhla wdrïN lr 1980
§ zmqÈh mdfohsZ ^kj uÕ& kñka mqj;am;la o wdrïN
lf<ah' miqj maf,dÜ hk kñka ;yjqre jQfha tu
foaYmd,k ixúOdkhhs' mSvkhg tfrysj y~la ke.Su
wruqK lrf.k wdrïN l< zmqÈh mdfohsZ mqj;amf;a
l¾;D f,i Tyqg lghq;= lrkakg ,enqfKa flá l,la
muKs' 1982 ckjdß 02 jeksod" mqj;amf;a lghq;= fidhd
n,ñka th uqøKh l< zhd,a Ñ;%dZ uqøKd,fha isáh§
meñKs wdhqO ikakoaO t,aààB lKavdhula úiska Tyq
>d;kh lr we;' t,aààB kdhl m%Ndlrkau meñK
Tyq >d;kh l< nj maf,dÜ wdrxÑ ud¾. m%ldY lrhs'
23
1984
rdcr;akï fchpkaøka ^md¾;ka& - udOHfõ§
>d;kh jq Èkh - 1984 cQks wf.dai;
a = w;r Èfkl
;S%l=Kdu,fha mkal=,ï .fï jeishl= jQ rdcr;akï
fchpkaøka m%isoaêhg m;a jQfha Tyqf.a ienE kñka
fkdj zmd¾;ka Z ^Parthen) hk kñka h ' ma f ,dÜ
foaYmd,k wxYfha ls%hdldßlhl= jQ Tyqf.a foaYmd,k
ku md¾;ka jQ w;r udOHfõÈhl= f,io Tyq Ndú;d
lr we;af;a tu kuh' maf,dÜ ixúOdkfha foaYmd,k
wxYh ^;ñ,a B,dï úvqof,hs l,yï& u.ska wdrïN
l< zúvqof,hsZ mqj;amf;a l¾;Djrhd jQfha md¾;kah'
uvl,mqfõ isg tu mqj;am; m%ldYhg m;a lr we;'
fidhd .; yels maf,dÜ wdrxÑ ud¾.j,g wkqj 1984
cQks wf.daia;= w;r Èfkl uvl,mqfõ l,jxÑl=ä
m%foaYfha§ fmd,Sish u.ska w;a wvx.=jg .;a md¾;ka
>d;kh lr we;s nj lshfõ'
24
1986
ldj¨¾ tia' fc.kdoka - f,aLl
>d;kh jq Èkh 1986
fou< idys;H fCIa;f
% ha W;=re" kef.kysr yd úfoaY.;
idys;Hlrejkaf.a idCIs wkqj ldj¨¾ tia' fc.kdoka
m%lg flá l;d lrefjls' Tyq ;ñ,akdvqfõ§ fjä
;nd >d;kh l< mqj; ish¿ fokd ±k isáh;a ksje/
È Èkhla .ek lsisfjl=g isys lr .; fkdyel' jir
1986 úh yels njg wkqudk flf¾'
fmardfoksh úYaj úoHd,fha ridhkd.dr iydhlhl=
f,i fiajh l< Tyq tl, ksjdvqjg ks;r hdmfka
hñka Wkkaÿfjka idys;H jev igyka ixúOdkh
lsÍfï lghq;= l< nj jd¾;d fjhs' bkaÈhdfõ isg
f,a L lhs k a f.ka j d l< idys ; H iïNdIKj,o
mqfrda.dñhl= f,i Tyq lghq;= lr we;' tu f,aLl
iïnkaO;d yryd Tyq tl, hdmkfha lkalika;=f¾
isg bkaÈhdfõ kd.mÜgkï olajd meh ;=fkka hEug
ls%hd;aul jQ fndaÜgqj, ke.S ks;r ;ñ,akdvqjg f.dia
idys;H in|;d mj;ajd we;' idys;Hlrejka hdmkhg
f.kajd we;' miqj mjqf,a wh;a iuÕ bkaÈhdjg f.dia
we;s Tyq tl, tys isg ls%hd;aul jQ fou< igka
lKavdhula iuÕ iïnkaO;d mj;ajd we;s njgo jd¾;d
fjhs' th Bfrdaia ixúOdkh nj iuyrekaf.a woyi
jk w;r tys wNHka;r >d;khla f,i ldj¨¾ tia'
fc.kdoka fjä ;nd >d;kh lr we;s nj tla u;hls'
hdmkfha lhsÜia ¥mf;a Wmka Tyq miqj wk,;sjq ¥mf;a
25
mÈxÑlrejl= f,i Ôj;a ù we;af;a újdyfhka miq
ìß|f.a .fï mÈxÑ ùu ksidh' zldj¨¾Z hkq lhsÜia
¥m;g fouf<ka Ndú;d jk kuhs' Tyq f,aLlhl=
f,i wkkH ù we;af;a ;u .fï ku iuÕ ldj¨¾
tia' fc.kdoka kñkah'
26
1987
ks,ka; .=Kj¾Ok - wdf,dallrK Ys,amS
f¾Kql w;a;kdhl - bxðfkare
.dñKS chka; - ld¾ñl ks,OdÍ
jhs' lreKdmd, - ßhÿre
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1987 Tlaf;dan¾ 05
cd;sl rEmjdyskS ixia:dfõ fiajlhska jQ fuu isõ
fokd >d;kh jQfha tlu Èkfha tlgh' cd;sl
rEmjdyskS ixia:dj hdmkfha m<d,s yuqod l|jqf¾ isg
l< úfYaI úldYk lghq;= iy hdmkfha jd¾;dlrKh
lrk ,oafoa fld<U isg .sh udOH lKavdhï úisks'
tl lKavdhula ksjdvq hEug m%:u wfkla lKavdhu
fld<U isg hdmfka n,d hEu isÿ ù we;' wod, Èkh
jk úg tys lghq;= lrñka isg we;af;a by; kï
i|yka y;r fokd we;=¿ lsysm fofkls' tÈk rd;s%fha
wdf,dallrK Ys,amS ks,ka; .=Kj¾Ok" bxðfkare
f¾Kql w;a;kdhl iy ld¾ñl ks,OdÍ .dñKS chka;"
ßhÿre lreKdmd,;a iuÕ iqmqreÿ mßÈ ;ukaf.a
kjd;ekg meñK is á fou< ks f õolhl= jQ
ú.afkaIajrka wer,Sug f.dia we;' lkalika;=rh
hdmkh ud¾.fha uhs,ä ykaÈfha msyá
s úlafkaIja rkaf.a
ksjig .sh fuu y;r fokd kej; meñKsfha ke;'
jdykho w;=reoyka úh' Tjqkg oreKq jo § urd mq¨iaid
we;s nj úYajdi flf¾' fld<ôka f.dia isá rEmjdyskS
lKavdhï W;=f¾ hqoaOh ms<sn| jd¾;d tjd Èkm;d
tajd úldYkh ù we;' tfyhska ta jkúg lsysm
wjia:djlu Tjqkg t,aààBfhka urKSh ;¾ck t,a,
ù ;sìK'
27
fufia >d;kh jQ ks,ka; .=Kj¾Ok wdf,dallrK
Ys,amshl= f,i 1985 È rEmjdyskshg tlajQ ;reKfhls'
fld<U fydalkaor m%foaYfha mÈxÑ ù isáfhah' f¾Kql
w;a ; kdhl fõhka f .dv mÈxÑj is á ;reK
bxðfkarefjls' Tjqka ish¿ fokdu ta jkúg ;reK
úfha isá w;r úY%du jhi olajd Tjqkg ysñ jegqma yd
§ukd Tjqkaf.a mjq,aj,g ,nd §ug cd;sl rEmjdysksh
lghq;= fhdod we;' ßhÿre lreKdmd, jir 2000 §
úY%du jhi miq lr we;' fï iuÕ m< jkafka Tjqka
y;r fokd tlaj >d;khg ,la jQ Èk WoEik úldYk
ueÈßfha isg .;a PdhdrEmhls' PdhdrEmfha jfï isg
f¾Kql w;a;kdhl" ks,ka; .=Kj¾Ok iy jhs'
lreKdmd, isgf.k isák w;r jdäù isákafka .dñKS
chka;h'
l=urhshd lu,odia - uqøK hka;% ls%hdlre
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1987 Tlaf;dan¾ 13
hdmkfha Wohka mqj;amf;a uqøK wxYfha fiajlhl=
jQ l=urhshd lu,odia >d;khg ,la jQfha fI,a
m%ydrhlg f.dÿre ùu ksidh' ckjd¾.sl m%Yakhg
úi÷ula f,i 1987 cQ,s ui w;aika l< bkaÿ ,xld
idu .súiqu W,a,x>Kh lsÍu iema;eïn¾ udifha isgu
wdrïN úh' t,aààBh bkaÈhka idu idOl yuqodjg
tfrysj fkdfhl=;a ls%hdud¾. .;a w;r Tlaf;dan¾
udih jk úg myr §ug blauka jkafka ljqrekao hk
m%Yakh muKla b;sß jk wdldrhg ;;a;ajh j¾Okh
ù ;snqKs' Tlaf;dan¾ 10 jeksod m%ydr t,a, jQ w;r
ck;dj lsif s ia;a fkdis;+ wdldrhg ysá yeáfhau fI,a
fjä m;s; úh' Tlaf;dan¾ 13 jeksod Wohka mqj;amf;a
uqøK hka;% ls%hdldre lu,odia >d;kh jQfha tjeks
fI,a m%ydrhlg ,la ùu ksidh'
28
wreK ly|.uf.a ^35&- lúfhls
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1987 Tlaf;dan¾ 19
m%ùK f,aLlhl= jQ mshfiak ly|.uf.af.a ifydaorhd
jQ wreK ly|.uf.a o lúhl= úh' úúO mqj;am;aj,g
lú ,shQ Tyq rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhla uÕska m%ldYhg
m;a l< zñIkaZ kï mqj;am;l o lghq;= lr we;'
fldñhqksiaÜ mCIfha idudðlhl= jQ Tyq hqo úfrdaë
jdudxYslhl= jQ w;r W.% Okm;s úfrdaOhl= f,i mSä;
ck;djf.a me;a; f.k whqla;shg widOdrKhg
tfrysj lghq;= lsÍu ksid m%foaYjdiSka w;r ckms%hj
isá nj lshefõ'
.d,a," wïn,kaf.dv" jErxlegf.dv .fï Wmka Tyq
ta jkúg mÈxÑj isáfha wïmdf¾ Wyk m%foaYfhah'
mÈxÑ ia:dkfhka ÿr neyer fmdf,dkakrej" msUr q ;a;dj
m%foaYfha rdcH fkdjk wdh;khl iudc ixj¾Ok
ks,Odrshl= f,i lghq;= lrñka isáfhah' wdh;kfhka
,eî ;snQ h;=re meÈfhka l,lg miq f.or weú;a isá
Tyq 1987 Tlaf;dan¾ ui 19 jeksod ñ;=rl= yuqùu i|yd
msg;a ù we;' wïmdr uykqjr m%Odk ud¾.fha wrka;,dj
m%foaYfha 29 jeks ie;mqï lKqj wi,§ yuqod we÷ïj,g
iudk we÷ñka ieriqKq lsym s fofkl= úiska Tyq kj;d
.kakd wdldrh Tyqf.a h;=remeÈh msgqmiska meñKs
,x.u nia r:fha ßhÿre ±l we;' m%foaYfha ckms%h
mqoa.,hl= jQ Tyq .ek tu ßhÿreo ±k isáfhah' wreK
ly|.uf.a kï tu ixfõ§ lúhd fjä ;nd >d;kh
lr we;af;a tys§h' t,aààB úiska NsCIQka jykafia,d
31 fofkl= lmd fldgd >d;kh lrk ,oafoa o tu
m%foaYfha§ jk w;r th isÿ jQfha cQks ui 02 jeksodh'
tfyhska fuu >d;kh t,aààBh úiska lrk ,o
>d;khla f,i mss<s.ekSug ,la úh' tfy;a" Tyq b;d
<Õska weiqre l<" uykqjr ðj;ajk fcHIaG ksoyia
29
udOHfõ§ ñ;=rl=f.a fukau ;j;a whf.a ielhg wkqj
th foaYmd,k >d;khla úh yels nj lshefõ' u.Ska
35 fofkla muK isá nia r:hg myr §ug ;snQ wjia:dj
uÕ yer tl ñksil= w,a,d .ekSug t,aààBh lghq;=
lrhso hkak tu ielh ;yjqre lsÍug .kakd tla
;¾lhls'
kkaok udrisxy ^37& - l,dlre
>d;kh jQ Èkh 1987 fkdjeïn¾ 29
lúhl=" .S; rplhl= fukau l,d jHdmdr f.dv ke.+
ixfõÈ ñksil= jQ kkaok udrisxy wkqrdOmqrfha bmso
wkqrdOmqr uOH uyd úoHd,fhka wOHdmkh ,nd we;'
,dnd, ;reK úfha§u ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa
foa Y md,khg tla ù tys kdhl úfÊùrf.a
lsÜgqjka;hl= ù lghq;= lf<ah' lsysmjrla isrn;a
lkakg;a" wudkqIsl jo nkaOk ú¢kakg;a Tyqg isÿ
úh' jfrl úfÊùr fírd .kakg hdmkfha ysr f.org
myr §ugo kdhl;ajh ÿkafkah' wkqrdOmqr ysr f.or
isá i.hka fírd .kakg m%ydrhla Èh;a lf<ah' 1973
w;a wvx.=jg m;a jQ Tyq 1977 § ksoyia úh' ysr f.or§
m%;is xialrKh l< ck;d úuql; a s fmruqfKa ^ryis.;&
uOHu ldrl iNdjgo Tyq wh;a úh'
isr f.oßka ksoyia jQ Tyq fmkS isáfha udkjjd§
foaYmd,khla fjkqfjks' l,dj yryd ck;dj ixfõÈ
l< yels nj úYajdi l< Tyq úuqla;s .S ks¾udKh
lf<ah' foaYmd,k u; .egqï ksid ck;d úuqla;s
fmruqfKka bj;ajkakg Tyqg isÿ úh' mCIhlska
f;drj l,dj yryd ck;d fiajh lrkakg wruqKq
lr.;a Tyq uykqjr § ck;d l,d flakaøh wdrïN
lf<ah' miqj th wkqrdOmqrhg;a" l=reKE.,g;a jHdma;
30
úh' 1984 § úYdro .=Kodi lmqf.a we;=¿ l,dlrejka"
l,dldßkshka /ila iuÕ ld,h rdjh m%ix.h
wkqrdOmqrfhka wdrïN jkafka Tyqf.a kdhl;ajh;a
iuÕh' 1987 u;=jk ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa >d;k
foa Y md,kh úfõpkh ls Í u fuka u tys ys g mq
kdhlhl= jq Tyqf.a udkjjdÈ foaYmd,kh fkdbjiQ
ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa >d;k ,ehsia;=jg Tyqf.a
kuo we;=<;a úh' orejka fofokd;a ìß|;a iuÕ Ôj;a
ùu i|yd Tyq lf<a wkqrdOmqr" bßod uyck fmdf<ys
mdjyka fjf<|dï lsÍuh' 1988 fkdjeïn¾ ui 28
jeks bßod;a fmd< Èkhla úh' h;=re meÈhlska meñKs
>d;lhka fofokd .,algia ;=jlal=jlska fjä ;nd
Tyqj >d;kh lr m<d .shy'
i;Hmd, jkaks.u - f,aLl
meyer.;a Èkh - 1987 fkdjeïn¾ 18
>d;kh jQ Èkh 1988 ckjdß w.
1987 fkdjeïn¾ 18 jeksod ñoafoksh fmd,Sish u.ska
w;awvx.=jg .;a i;Hmd, jkaks.u 1988 ckjdß w.
Nd.fha >d;kh l< nj jd¾;d fõ' tu Èkj, ;x.,a,
jeáh m%foaYfha mq¿iaid oud ;snQ isrer Tyqf.a njg
jd¾;d úh reyqKq úYaj úoHd,fha udkj Ydia;% iy
iudc úoHd mSGfha lÓldpd¾hjrhl= jQ Tyq f,aLlhl=
f,i m%lg úh' l=, mSvkh ks¾oh f,i úfõpkh
lrñka Tyq ;ekQ fõÈld kdgHh z.skafkka Wmka
ñksiaiqZ kï úh' Èjhsk mqj;amf;a wgfjks msgqjg
ziqks,a úl%uZ kñka úfYaIdx. ,sms ,shk ,oafoa Tyq
úisks' yïnkaf;dg ldßhuä;a; .fïÈ 1950 ud¾;=
ui Wmka Tyq l,la uyKj isg fmardfoksh úYaj
úoHd,fhka o¾Ykh ms<sn| f.!rj Wmdêhla Èkd
WmeúÈ úh' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa ys;jdÈhl= f,i
31
m%lg úh' w;a wvx.=jg .;a isiqka ksoyia lrk f,i
Woaf>daIKh lrñka mdi,a isiqkao iïnkaO lrf.k
reyqKq úYaj úoHd,fha isg ud;r olajd .uka .;a
ck;d úuql;a s fmruqK fufyhjQ fm<md,sh wjidkfha
th wu;d l;d l< m%Odk foaYlhd jQfha Tyqh'
1987 fkdjeïn¾ 18 jeksod ksjfia isg úYaj úoHd,hg
hEug msg;a ù isáh§ ñoafoksh fmd,Sish uÕska w;a
wvx.=jg f.k we;' Tyq ksoyia lrk f,i b,a,d
1988 ckjdß 22 jeksod ish¿ iriúj, wdpd¾hjre
tla Èk ixfla; jev j¾ckhlao l<y' tfy;a" tu
udifha w. Nd.fha Tyqj >d;kh lr mq¨iaid oud ;snQ
nj jd¾;d úh'
fla' tï jdiy¾ - udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1987
1968 § YS% ,xld .=jka úÿ,s ixia:dfõ fiajhg tlaù
we;s fla' tï' jdiy¾ cd;sl fou< .=jka úÿ,s fiajfha
oCI jev igyka ksYamdolhl= iy Ys,amsfhl= f,i
lghq;= lr we;' 1983 cQ,s ui fou< ck;djg tfrysj
we;s jQ flda,dy,fha§ Èú fírd .;a Tyq" fld<U Ôj;a
ùu .ek mjqf,a wh ìfhka miq jQy' ìß| iy orejka
n,kakg Wmka .u jQ hdmkhg .sh Tyqg Tjqkf.a
n,j;a b,a,Su u; /lshdfjka ks, jYfhka bj;a
fkdù ksjfia k;r jkakg isÿ úh' 1987 jif¾ w;aika
l< bkaÿ ,xld idu .súiqu;a iuÕ ,xldjg meñKs
bkaÈhdkq idu idOl yuqod hdmkfha wdrCIdj Ndrj
isá ld,fha isÿjQ .egqï ksid oCI udOHfõÈhl= jQ Tyq
>d;khg ,la ù we;' iaÓr jYfhka udih yd Èkh
fidhd .ekSu wmyiq kuq;a tl, fou< fiajfha
fcHIaG udOHfõ§kaf.a u;lh wkqj bkaÈhdkq idu
32
idOl yuqod iy t,aààB h w;r uq,skau igka werUqkq
jljdkqfõ >d;khg ,la ù we;' tfia >d;kh ù
we;af;a m%foaYhg jegqkq fI,a m%ydrhlg f.dÿre
ùfuks'
tia' kvrdcd - udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1987
1951 jif¾ isg ^YS% ,xld .=jka úÿ,s ixia:dj fld<U
fldgd frdaâ ys meje;s ld,fha isg& tys udOHfõÈhl=
f,i lghq;= l< tia kvrdcd wjidkfha úY%du f.k
we;af;a tys cd;sl fou< fiajfha md,k f,alïjrhd
jYfhks' fou< udOH m<uq lS%vd úia;r m%pdrljrhd
jQfhao Tyqh' úY%du f.k hdmkfha ish ksjig f.dia
l=Uqrl weúÈñka isáh§ 1987 Èfkl m;s; jQ fI,a
m%ydrhlska Tyq >d;khg ,la jQ nj jd¾;d fõ' th"
1987 jif¾ w;aika l< bkaÿ ,xld idu .súiqu;a
iuÕ ,xldjg meñKs bkaÈhdkq idu idOl yuqod
hdmkfha wdrCIdj Ndrj isá ld,h jk w;r tu
jif¾u Tlaf;dan¾ ui 10 jeksod isg fI,a m%ydr
iuÕ .egqï wdrïN úh'
33

1988
úch l=udr;=x. ^43& rx. Ys,amS
>d;kh jQ Èkh 1988 fmnrjdß 16
>d;khg ,la jk úg úch l=udrK;=x. YS% ,xldfõ
ckms%hu k¿jd fukau ckms%hu jdujd§ keUqrejla
iys; foaYmd,k{hdo úh' Ñ;%mg /ilg rx.kfhka
odhl ù isá Tyq ck;djf.a ;srfha ùrhd úh' .ehQ .S;
lsysmfhkau .dhlhl= f,io ;u m%;sNdj fmkaùug
Tyq iu;a úh' tfukau Tyq cd;sjdoh biau;= jQ iudc
foa Y md,k jd;djrKhla ;= < wNS ; j ks ¾ jHdcj
ckjd¾.sl iduh iy ckjd¾.sl m%Yakhg foaYmd,k
úi÷ula fjkqfjka fmkS isá kdhlhl= o úh' ñksia
iudcfha hq l a ; s h " idOdrK;a j h yd iudk;a j h
fjkqfjka l;d l< Tyq m%.;sY, s S ck wr., fjkqfjka
ls%hdYS,Sj odhl úh'
YS% ,xld uyck mCIfha kdhlhd jQ Tyq ck;djf.a
whs;js dislï Èkd .ekSfï foaYmd,k lsh
% doduhla i|yd
fndfyda fokdf.a tl;= ùfï Yla;sh úYajdi lrñka
tlai;a iudcjd§ fmruqK f.dv k.kakg fmruqK
.;af;ah' ±jeka;u ck iyNd.s;ajh iys; Tyqf.a
wju.=,a lghq;= isÿ jQfha tu fmruqK ks, jYfhka
m%ldYhg m;afldg tys kdhl;ajh Ndr .kakg Tyq
iQ±kñka isá fmnrjdß 21 jeksodh' 1988 fmnrjdß 16
jeksod Wofha" fld<U kdrdfyakma g
s ;u ksji bÈßmsg§"
Tyqf.a uqyqK úkdY jk fia fjä ;nd >d;kh lrkq
,enqfõ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa >d;lhka úiska nj
jd¾;d úh'
34
újdy ù isáfha miqj rfÜ ckdêm;skh njg m;ajQ
pkaøSld nKavdrkdhl l=udrK;=x. iuÕh' Tyq tla
ÈhKshlf.a iy mqf;l=f.a mshl= úh'
pkaøisß ùrúl%u isxyfiak ^24& - mqj;am;a wf<ú
ksfhdað;
Ô'î' .=Kodi - wf<ú iylre
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1988 uehs 17
mqj;am;a wf<ú ksfhdað; wdh;khla f,io lghq;=
l< je,suv úfÊúl%u fmd;a idmamqfõ f,alayjqia
mqj;am;a wf<ú lsÍu isÿ l< neúka NSIK iufha
>d;k ,ehsia;=jg tho we;=<;a úh' 1988 uehs ui 17
fyda Bg wdikak Èfkl tys lvd jeÿkq ;=jlall
= rejka
fmd;a y,g .sks ;nd tys whs;slrejkaf.a mjqf,a
{d;shl= jQ pkaøisß ùrúl%u isxyfiak ;reKhd iy
iydhg isá Ô'î' .=Kodi hk whg fjä ;nd >d;kh
lr we;'
lkaohshd lkaoidñ - mqj;am;a whs;l
s refjls
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1988 cQks$cQ,s
hdmkfha m<jQ m%n,u udkj ysñlï mqj;am; jQ iegfâ
ßùõ mqj;am; uqo,a fhdod wdrïN lf<a kS;{
s lkaohshd
lkaoidñ úisk's udOHfõÈhl= fkdjQjo úiïuq;h s .re
l< Tyqf.a wruqK jQfha fld<U wêm;s udOH uÕska
f;dard fmrd fok m%jD;a;s fkdj ienE ;;a;ajh ;u
ck;dj iuÕ fnod yod .ekSuh' 1981 ckjdß 5 jeksod
m<jQ iegfâ ßùõ m%:u l<dmhg Tyq ,shd we;s
igyklska Tyq ;=< ;snQ udOH ms<sn| ±kqu ikd: fõ'
zYS% ,xldfõ NdId ;=fkkau m<jk Èkm;d mqj;am;a
35
13 lg fkdwvqh' thska tlla yer wka ish,a, m<
lrkq ,nkafka ol=fKa fld<Uh' jH;sf¾lh hdmkfha
m<jk B,kdvq mqj;am;h' fuys f;areu W;=f¾ fyda
kef.kysr fyda isÿùula ms<sn| wdrxÑ ol=Kg hjd
ol=fKa§ tajd fmrd" moï fldg" ixialrKh fldg"
fndfyda úg f;ïmrdÿ fldg fyda úlD;s fldg fyda
m< lr W;=f¾ mdGlhkag wdmiq hjk njh'''' i;sm;d
m< jk wfma mqj;am; uÕska fuu f;dr;=re .,kh
wfkla w;g yrjkakg iy tuÕska j;auka wj;=,kh
ksje/È lrkakg wms n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjuq''Z tfia mgka
.;a mqj;amf;a whs;slrejl= jQ Tyqf.a wjOdkh fhduq
jQfha udkj ysñlï yd mqkre;a:dmkh flfrysh'
hdmkfha udjämqrïyS 1930 È Wmka Tyq YS% ,xld úYaj
úoHd,fha .Ks ; WmdêOdßfhla jQ w;r miq j
ks;s{jrhl= njg m;a úh'
;u ck;djf.a mqkre;a:dmk lghq;= i|yd Tyq
mj;ajdf.k .sh wruqo,ska fldgila Tjqka w;g
.kakg Bfrdaia ixúOdkh W;aidy lr we;' thg tlÕ
fkdjQ ksid tu ixúOdkh 1988 cQ,s ui Èfkl kS;s{
lkaohshd lkaoidñ meyer f.k f.dia urd ouk ,o
nj jd¾;dfõ'
iegfâ ßùõ mqj;am; jdrKhg ,lajQ wjia:d lsyh
s l§u
miqj th h<s wdrïN lsÍug Tyqf.a odhl;ajh ,eìK'
tfy;a wjikajrg jdrKhg ,laùu;a iuÕ Tyqf.a
>d;kh;a isÿùu ksid th h<s wdrïN jQfha ke;'
36
fykaß muqKqj - udOH fiajl
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1988 Tlaf;dan¾ 02
jD;a;f s hka we;a; mqj;amf;a uqøKd,fha wl=re weñKqï
wxYfha ^composing& m%Odkshd jQ fykaß muqKqj
udOHfõÈhl= f,io mqj;am;g ,sms ,sõfõh' tfukau
we;a; mqj;am; uqøKh l< YS% ,xldfõ fldñhqksiaÜ
mCIfha flda Ü fÜ Èid iNdfõ kdhlhl= f,i
jdudxYsl foaYmd,kfha kshe¨kq Tyq m%:u m<d;a iNd
ue;sjrKfha§ wfmaCIlhl= f,io ;rÕ l< wfhla
úh' 1988 Tlaf;dan¾ ui 02 jeksod" Tyq Ôj;a jQ fld<U
Èia;l
%s la fha uyr.u msyá s ksjig meñKs ck;d úuql;a s
fmruqfKa ;=jlal=lrejka Tyq >d;kh lrk ,oafoa
ìß| iy orejka bÈßmsg§ nj lshefõ'
à' î' úfÊiQßh - ixialD;sl ls%hdOrfhls
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1988 Tlaf;dan¾ 03
l=reKE., Èia;s%lalfha fmd,ams;s.u Wm Èidm;s
fldÜGdYfha fodrfõrej .fï Wmka à'î úfÊiQßh
l,dlrejl=" m%.;sY, S S jHdmdrhkayS lsh
% dlrejl=" jdujd§
foaYmd,k kdhlhl= úh' ck;d úuql; a s fmruqK úiska
>d;kh lrk ,oafoa 1988 Tlaf;dan¾ 03 jeksod WoEik
10'00 g muKh' 1971 ck;d úuq l a ; s fmruq f Ka
foaYmd,kh i|yd ish Wiia wOHdmkho lem l< Tyq
l,la isr.; ù isg meñK tu foaYmd,kh w;yer
ck;d fiajh i|yd úYd, iudc jHdmdr /ilg uq,a
jQ flfkla úh' >d;kh jk úg Tyq YS% ,xld uyck
mCIfha l=reKE., Èia;%sla kdhlhl= jQ w;r m<d;a
iNd uka;j%S rhl= o úh' cd;sl iuÕsh fjkqfjka fmkS
isá Tyq idu ¥; .uka .Kkdjlgo odhl ù we;'
f.dú wr.," c,nÿ wr., wd§ ck;d wr., /ilg
37
odhl fjñka hqla;s.rel iudchla fjkqfjka fmkS
isá Tyq l,djg ,eÈ yd l,dj uÕska ck;dj ±kqj;a
l< yels nj úYajdi l< flfkla úh' ta i|yd Tyq
zùr mqrkawmamqZ ùÈ kdgH lKavdhu wdrïN lrkakg
mqfrda.dó úh' iudc idOdrK;ajh i|yd f.k hk
igfka§ m%foaYfha ck;djf.a ±kqfï ksïj,¨ mq¨,a
ls Í fï wjYH;dj jgyd .;a Tyq .eñhka f .a u
W;aidyfhka zf.daa¾ls mqia;ld,hZ wdrïN lrkakg
mqfrda.dó úh' rÕmEu fukau fmdaig a ¾ we£fï yelshdjo
fmkakqï l< Tyq ta ish,a,gu ck;dj ixúOdkh
lrñka ls%hdldÍj odhl úh' fuu .uka uÕ fkdbjiQ
ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa >d;k ,ehsia;=jg Tyqo
we;=<;a úh' bvï ke;s wysxil mjq,a tlish .Kklg
bvï fnod §fï wjia:djlg iyNd.S ù tñka isáh§
uv.,a, m%foaYfha jk frdol ieÕù isá
;=jlall = rejka Tyq iy Tyqf.a ñ;=rka ;sfofkl= tlgu
fjä ;nd >d;kh lrk ,§'
fÊ'B .= K fia l r ^75& - idys ; HfõÈfhls "
mßj¾;lfhls'
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1988 Tlaf;dan¾ 19
hq o a O hg yd hg;a úð;lrKhg tfrys iQ ß hu,a
jHdmdrh yryd YS% ,xldfõ fldñhqksiaÜ mCIfha
lsh% dldßlhl= jQ fÊ'B .=Kfialr ck;dj w;r m%ios ê
a hg
m;ajQfha Tyqf.a idys;H ks¾udK ksidh' úfYaIfhka
<uhska i|yd fmd;a /ila ,shd we;s Tyq fidaúhÜ
ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh uÕska m%ldYhg m;a l< <ud
fmd;a /il mßj¾:lhd o úh' 1985 jif¾§ Tyqg <ud
idys;H i|yd rdcH idys;H iïudkh o ysñ úh'
38
jD;a;sfhka .=rejrhl= jqj;a l;d lsÍfï§ f.d;hla
;snQ neúka Tyq thska bj;a ù mQ¾Kld,Skj .; lf<a
mßj¾:k iy iajdëk idys;H lghq;= fukau iudcuh
lghq;= i|ydh' fydaud.u ynrlv Ôj;a jQ Tyq >d;kh
jk úg ynrlv YS% ,xld fldñhqksiaÜ mCI YdLdfõ
f,alïjrhd jYfhka lghq;= lrñka isáfhah' rg mqrd
ls%hdldÍ jdudxYslhka iy hqo úfrdaë idu ,eÈ
m%.;sYS,Ska >d;kh jQ NSIK iufha" tkï" 1988
Tlaf;dan¾ ui 19 jeksod ;udf.a ksji ;=<§u Tyq
ks¾oh ;=jlal=lrejkaf.a b,lalhg f.dÿre úh'
ã' tï' ã' pkaøúu, ^42&- udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1988 fkdjeïn¾ 17
jdudxYslhl= jQ mshdf.a wä mdf¾ hñka ,xld iuiudc
mCI foaYmd,kh iuÕ ã'tï'ã pkaøúu, ish ;reK
Ôú;h wdrïN lr we;' jD;a;sfhka ,xld .ukd .uk
uKav,fha fiajlhl= jQ Tyq iuia; ,xld fudag¾
ld¾ñl jD;a;Sh iñ;sfha ls%hdldßlhl= f,io lghq;=
lf<ah' miqj kj iu iudc mCIhg tlajQ Tyqg
jdudxYslhl= ùu ksid /lshd ia:dkfha fkdfhla
mSvdjkag ,la jkakg isÿ ù we;' wjia:d lsysmhl§
isr.; jkakgo isÿ ù we;' tfy;a iudcfha úma,ùh
fjkila i|yd jQ Tyqf.a úYajdih ì¢kakg tajdg
fkdyels jQ w;r >d;kh jk ld,h jk úg Tyq kj
iu iudc mCIfha foaYmd,k uKav, iNslfhl= f,i
mQ¾K ld,Skj lghq;= lrñka isáfhah' tu mCIh
uÕska m%ldYhg m;a lrk yrh mqj;amf;a foaYmd,k
,shqïlrejl= f,i fukau wfkl=;a udOH lghq;=j,g
odhl ùuo tu mQ¾K ld,Sk foaYmd,k Ôú;hg
we;=<;a úh' fld<U Èia;l %s l
a fha msg fldaÜfÜ m%foaYfha
Ôj;a jQ Tyqf.a Wmka.u weye,shf.dv m%foaYhhs' 1988
39
fkdjeïn¾ 17 jeksod" fld<U lvqfj, meje;s" YS%
,xld uyck mCIfha wfmaCIl TiS wfí.=Kfialr
uy;df.a ckdêm;sjrK m%pdrl /<shlg t,a, l<
fndaïn m%ydrhlg f.dÿre ùfuka pkaøúu, >d;khg
,la úh' ta jk úg Tyq foore msfhla úh'
fk,aika lreKdr;ak - udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh -1988 fkdjeïn¾ 23
.f,afj, m%foaYfha f,alayjqia jd¾;dlre jYfhka
lghq;= lr we;s fk,aika lreKdr;ak" ud;f,a Èia;l
%s a
ixj¾Ok iNd uka;S% talkdhl uy;df.a f,alïjrhd
f,io l,la lghq;= lr we;' 1987 bkaÿ ,xld idu
.súiqug mCIj ls%hd l< wfhla f,io jd¾;d fõ'
88$89 iufha m%foaYfhka >d;k yd NSIK ls%hd .ek
jd¾;d lsÍuo Tyqg urK ;¾ck we;s ùug fya;=jla ù
we;' 1988 fkdjeïn¾ 23 jeksod rEmjdysksh krUñka
ksjfia isáh§ f,fvl=g widOH nj mjiñka flfkl=
fodrg .id we;' ìß| fodr wßk úg ksjig we;=,a ù
we;af;a msiaf;da,lrefjls' fk,aika msgqmi fodßka
msgù ÿjk úg msiaf;da,lre mkakd f.dia fjä ;nd
we;' Wrysig fjä je§ jegqKq Tyq fj; .sh >d;lhd
mmqjg fjä ;nd Tyqj >d;kh fldg we;'
tÉ'B' ohdkkao - f,aLl
>d;kh jQ Èkh -1988 foieïn¾ 02
,xld nexl=fõ ks,Odßhl= jQ tÉ' B' ohdkkao udOH"
l,d CIa;%h w;r m%lg jQfha Èjhsk mqj;am;g Tyq ,shQ
,sms ksidh' Èjhsk Èkm;d mqj;am;g Tyq zjfï l;djZ
kñka bÈßm;a l< ,sms ud,dj m%isoaêhg m;a úh'
40
tfukau iqks,a udOj udOHfõÈhd ixialrKh l<
ckm%hs zwgfjks msgjq gZ ks¾udKd;aul ,sms iemhQfõh'
f,aLlhl= jq Tyq fudksld rejkam;srK lsú¢hf.a
kdhl;ajfhka werUqKq iajdëk f,aLl fmruqfKa iu
f,alï jrhdo úh' ohdkkaof.a >d;kh;a iuÕ tu
f,aLl fmruqK wlS%h úh' ish ìß|g l=¿÷,a orejd
,enq K q wdrxÑh iuÕ ks j i n,d hñka is á h§
fldïm[a[ ùÈfha bkaok msßjqïy, bÈßmsg§ fjä
;nd >d;kh lrk ,§' bkaÿ ,xld .súiqï úfrdaë
YsIH ixúOdk uÕska úYaj úoHd, ;=< mj;ajk ,o
foaYk ud,dj, m%Odk foaYlfhla f,i Tyq lghq;=
lrñka is á fha h ' ud;r Wmka Tyq orejka mia
fofkl=f.ka hq;a mjq,l jeäu,d úh'
tka' iS' tï' biaudhs,a ^46& - m%dfoaYSh udOHfõ§ -
jd,ÉfÉk
>d;kh jQ oskh 1988 foieïn¾
ùrflaiÍ iy ;sklrka mqj;am;aj,g jd¾;d iemhQ
m%dfoaYSh udOHfõÈhl= jQ tka'iS'tï' biaudhs,a YS%
,xldfõ kef.kysr m<df;a jd,ÉfÉk m%foaYfha Ôj;a
úh' jir oyhla muK jd¾;dlrKfha fh§ we;s Tyq
jD;a;fs hka .=rejrhl= úh' bm§ we;af;a 1942 jif¾§h'
kef.kysr m<df;a jeishka oreKq hqouh jd;djrKhla
hgf;a Ôj;a jQ ck fldgila jQ w;r 1988 jif¾
foieïn¾ ui t,aààB ixúOdkh iy bkaÈhka idu
idOl yuqod w;r oreKq .egqï mej;sK' tjeks .egqï
meje;s foieïn¾ Èfkl biaudhs,a iy ;j;a ñ;=rl=
jd,ÉfÉk m%Odk ùÈfha l;d lrñka isáh§ wi,
m;s; jQ fI,a fjä,a,l fldgila Tyqf.a mmqj we;=<g
ls|d nei .sh fyhska Tyq t;eku >d;khg ,la úh'
41
tia ' fi,ajrdcd - udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ oskh 1988
hdmkfha lkalika;=f¾ m%foaYfha uhs,âä .fï
jeis h l= jQ tia ' fi,a j rdcd fld<U f,a l a y jq i a
wdh;kfha ;sklalr = ,a mqj;amf;a hdmkh Èia;l
%s a úfYaI
jd¾;dlre f,i lghq;= lrñka isá udOHfõÈfhls'
t,a'ààB h iy bkaÈhka idu idOl yuqod .egqï w;r
hdmkfha ck;dj úYd, jYfhka mSvdjg m;a jQ
ld,fha" 1988 jif¾ Èfkl t,a'ààBh úiska tia
fi,ajrdcd >d;kh l< nj jd¾;d fõ' bkaÈhka idu
idOl yuqod hdmkfha isá ld,fha Tyq >d;kh l<
nj ±k isá wh fj;;a" iaÓr jYfhka ld,h .ek
f;dr;=re fidhd .; fkdyel'
42
1989
ã' tka' tia' m;srK - udOH fiajl
>d;kh jQ oskh 1989 ckjdß 24
jD;a;sfhka yrh mqj;a mf;a fidaÿm;a lshjkafkl= jQ
ã' tka' tia' m;srK mqj;amf;a ixialrK lghq;= j,go
yjq,a ù we;' tfukau yrh mqj;a m; m%ldYhg m;a
lrk kj iudc mCIfha mQ¾K ld,Sk foaYmd,k
ls%hdldßlhl= úh' YsIH Ôú;h ;=< úoHd,xldr
msßfjfKa YsIH kdhlhl= f,io lghq;= lr we;s Tyq
ck;d úuql; a s fmruqfKa ;j;a jdudxYsl ovhula f,i
1989 ckjdß 24 jeks o d >d;khg ,la ù we;'
ÈhKshlf.a iy mqf;l=f.a msfhla jQ Tyq fld<U
fldf,dkakdj m%foaYfha l=,S ksjil Ôj;a ù we;s
w;r Tyqf.a >d;kfhka miq mjqf,a wh ìß|f.a
foudmshka fjfik fudKrd., m%foaYhg f.dia we;'
Tyq fokshdh m%foaYfha Wmka mqoa.,fhls'
wdkkao kjr;ak - udOHfõ§$f,aLl
>d;kh jQ oskh 1989 ckjdß 25
uykqjr k.rfha Wmka wdkkao kjr;ak" kj iudc
mCIfha mQ¾K ld,Sk foaYmd,k ls%hdldßlfhla f,i
lghq;= lrk w;r tu mCIh u.ska m%ldYs; yrh
mqj;amf;a l¾;D uKav, idudðlhl= f,i udOH
lghq ; = j , ks h e,S we;' tfuka u lúfhla " l,d
úpdrlfhla f,i fukau úfYaIfhka ckjd¾.sl
m%Yk
a h iïnkaOfhka ixfõ§ f,aLlhl= f,i fndfyda
,sms f,aLk ,shd we;' Tyq úiska ,shk ,o fmd;la
43
cd;sl m%Yakh kñka m< lr we;' fld<U;a kqjr;a
w;r .uka lrñka foaYmd,k yd udOH Ôú;hla f.jQ
Tyq >d;khg ,la jQfha 1989 ckjdß 25 jeksod kqjr
ksjig f.dia isáh§h' ksjig meñKs ck;d úuqla;s
fmruqfKa ;=jlal=lrejka" kj iudc mCIfha ls%hdldÍ
jdudxYslhka jQ wdkkaof.a mshd" ifydaorhska ;sfofkla
iy Tyq we;=¿ mia fofkla tlu wjia:dfõ fjä ;nd
>d;kh fldg we;' ta jk úg Tyq ;reK újdylfhla
úh'
î' tï' ùrfldaka nKavdr ^50& - ixialD;sl
lsh
% dOrfhls'
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1989 fmnrjdß 09
zùrfldaka uy;a;hdZ kñka m%lg ùrfldaka nKavdr
mCI fNaohlska f;drj .fï m%.;sYS,Ska iuÕ tlaj
iudc ixj¾Okh b,lal lr .;a iudc iy fmdÿ
jevj,g ls%hdldÍj odhl jQ flfkls' ta ta wjia:dfõ
yeáhg úúO foaYmd,k mCI iuÕ iïnkaOj lghq;=
l< Tyq yeu úgu ÿmam;a ck;djf.a me;a; f.k
lghq;= l< flfkla f,i m%lg úh' lDIsl¾u
fomd¾;fïka;f = õ úIhdkqnoaO ks,Odßhl= f,i lghq;=
lf<ah' l=reKE., uvyfmd, .fï úiQ Tyq l<
iqúfYaIu lghq;; a jQfha nqoê
a u;=ka mrïmrdjla m%foaYh
;=< ìys lsÍfï wruqK we;sj zm%nqoaO iudchZ kñka
tl;=jla ìysfldg ta u.ska fkdfhl=;a iïuka;%K"
idlÉPd meje;aùuhs' nqoaêu;=ka f.kajd m%foaYfha
ck;dj nqoaêfhka ikakoaO lsÍug Tyq fjfyi
.;a f ;a h ' fujeks ixia l D;s l ls % h dldrlïj,
kshef,ñka isáh§ 1989 fmnrjdß 9 jeksod Tyqf.a
ksjig meñKs ck;d úuql; a s fmruqfKa ;=jlall
= rejka
ìß| iy ore ;sfokd bÈßfha§ Tyqg fjä ;nd >d;kh
l< nj jd¾;d fõ'
44
tka' cS' fma%ur;ak ^Wmd,s& - ùÈ kdgH rx. Ys,amS
>d;kh jQ oskh - 1989 fmnrjdrs 11
Wmd,s kñka ljqre;a y÷kd.;a Tyq oCI ùÈ kdgH
Ys,amshl= úh' à' î' úfÊiQßh wdrïN l< ;ïnqj ùr
mqrka wmamq f.dúmf<a iy ùr mqrka wmamq ùÈ kdgH
lKavdhfï wdrïNl iy m%n, idudðlhl= úh' ùÈ
kdgH uÕska ck;d fiajhla l< yels nj weoyQ Tyq
we;=¿ lKavdhu rg mqrd hñka m%.;sYS,s jHdmdrj,
iy uyck /iaùïj, ùÈ kdgH rÕ ±laajQy' /Õ=fuka
.ehqfuka ck;dj ±kqj;a l< Tyq jdujd§ foaYmd,k
±laulska lghq;= l< flfkls' 1989 fmnrjdß 11
jeksod rd;s%fha Tyq Ôj;a jQ l=reKE., Èia;s%lalfha
hdmyqj wdikfha lgq.ïfmd, ckmohg lvd jeÿkq
ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa ;=jlal= lrejkaf.a fjä
myßka Tyq >d;khg ù we;' Tjqkaf.a kdgH ks¾udK
yryd ck;dj w;rg f.k .sh cd;sjdohg tfrys
u;jdoh" udkjjd§ yd iudcjd§ wdl,am >d;lhkaf.a
úfrdaOhg fya;= ù ;sìK' Tyq foore msfhla úh'
ir;a fifkúr;ak - ùÈ kdgH rx. Ys,amS
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1989 fmnrjdß 11
wújdyl ;reKhl= jQ Tyqf.a m%Odku ld¾hh jQfha
ùr mqrkawmamq ùÈ kdgH lKavdhfï kdgH ks¾udK
lghq;=j, fh§uhs' ùÈ kdgH lKavdhu fjkqfjka
úfYaI jYfhka Tyq lem úh' foaYmd,k mCI iuÕ
>Dcq iïnkaOhla fkdue;sj isá Tyq m%.;sYS,S nyqck
jHdmdrj, fmdÿ lghq ; = j ,g odhl úh' Tyq f .a
>d;khg o fya;=j ùÈ kdgH uÕska ck;dj ±kqj;a
lsÍfï fufyjrg odhl ùu nj lshefõ' Tyqo Tyq
iuÕ tlu Èkfha >d;khg ,lajQ wfkla kdgH
45
i.hska fofokd fuka udt<sfha lgq.ïfmd< ckmofha
Ôj;a jQ flfkla úh'
fÊ' ta' ffu;S%md, chùr - ùÈ kdgH rx. Ys,amS
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1989 fmnrjdß 11
zf,dl= whshdZ hkqfjka m%foaYjdiSka w;r m%isoaêhg
m;a orejka y;r fofkl=f.a ;reK msfhla jQ
ffu;S%md, chùr o lgq.ïfmd< ckmofha jdih
lf<ah' ùr mqrka wmamq ùÈ kdgH lKavdhfï rx.
Ys,amshl= úh' YS% ,xld ksoyia mCIfhka foaYmd,kh
werUQ Tyq >d;kh jk úg YS% ,xld uyck mCIfha
.%dóh YdLdfõ iNdm;s f,io lghq;= lf<ah' m%.s;sYS,S
jHdmdrj,g odhl fjñka l,d lghq;=j, kshe¨kq
Tyqo" Tyqf.a kdgH i.hska fofofkl= jQ Wmd,s iy
ir;a >d;kh l< Èkfha tu rd;s%fhau ck;d úuqla;s
fmruqfKa ;=jlal=lrejka úiska >d;kh lrk ,§'
.dñKS fiakl nKavdr - ixialD;sl lsh
% dOrfhls
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1989 ud¾;= 06
È.= l,la ;siafia jdudxYsl foaYmd,kfha kshe¨Kq
Tyq tu foaYmd,k m%jdy ;=< m%ldYkj,g ,sùfuka
odhl ù we;' 1970 .Kkaj, meje;s ryis.; úma,jjd§
foaYmd,k lKavdhul z.skm s m
q r
q Z kï mqj;amf;a lghq;=
lr we;' Tyq f,aLkfha§ Ndú;d lr we;af;a zid.rZ
hk kuhs' l÷lrfha bvï m%Yakh jgd f.dv ke.=Kq
zkscìfï .sks ±,aZ fõÈld kdgHhl ùr mqrka wmamqf.a
pß;h r.mdñka m%dfoaYSh fõÈldjg msúi we;' >d;k
foaYmd,khg ±ä fia úreoaOj y~ wjÈ l< Tyq >d;kh
jk úg YS% ,xld uyck mCIfha ;reK ixúOdkfha
46
ls%hdldßlfhla úh' ;,aj;a; fyÜáf.or .dñKS
fiakl nKavdr jQ Tyq fla' î' by,.u kñka o m%lg
úh' 1989 ud¾;= 06 jeks Èk ish ìß|f.a ksjfia isáh§
ck;d úuq l a ; s fmruq f Ka ;= j la l = l rejka w;s k a
>d;khg ,la jQ nj lshefõ'
fla' ;knd,isxyï -f,aLl
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1989 ud¾;= 24
l=ud¾ ;knd,a kñka f,aLlfhl= f,i m%ios ê
a hg m;ajQ
fla' ;knd,isxyï ^ Okmd,isxyï& fjä ;nd >d;kh
lrk ,oafoa hdmkfha k,aƾ ure;ä mdf¾§h' tfia
Tyq >d;kh jQ nj hdmkfha Wohka mqj;amf;a jd¾;d
ù ;snqKo fjk;a lsisÿ úia;rhla fidhd .ekSug
iïnkaO;d fidhd .; fkdyel'
iqks,a kjr;ak ^30&- udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1989 ud¾;=
1985 - 1990 ld,h ;=< i;sm;d mqj;am;la f,i
m%ldYhg m;a jQ yrh mqj;a mf;a uiafl,sh jd¾;dlre
f,i lghq;= lr we;s iqk, s a kjr;ak kj iudc mCIfha
mQ¾K ld,Sk foaYmd,k ls%hdldßlhl= o úh' 1988 isg
rg mqrd w;=reoyka ùï jd¾;d jQ w;r kj iu iudc
mCIh tu f;dr;=re tla /ia lsÍfï lghq;= i|yd ish
mQ ¾ K ld,s k ls % h dldÍka fhdojd ;s ì K' iq k s , a
kjr;ako ud;r m%foaYfha w;=reoyka jQjka ms<sn|
f;dr;=re fidhd tys lghq;= lrñka isáh§ 1989 ud¾;=
ui" rcfha yuqod úiska fjä ;nd >d;kh lr we;s
nj jd¾;d fõ'
47
à' uy,sx.ï - m%dfoaYSh udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1989 uehs 11
úY%dñl .=rejrhl= jQ Tyq kS;s{hl= o úh' >d;khg
,la jk úg jhi wjreÿ 62 la muK úh' fld<U
m%Odk Odrdfõ bx.S%is udOH mqj;am;la jQ ika (SUN)
mqj;amf;a fmaÿre;=vqj jd¾;dlre f,i lghq;= l<
Tyq >d;kh jk úg whs,kaâ mqj;amf;a fmaÿre;=vqj
jd¾;dlre f,i lghq;= lrñka isáfhah' jvudrÉÑ
fldÜGdYfha lrjâä m%foaYfha fk,a,swä .fï Ôj;a
jQ Tyq orejka ;sfofkl=f.a msfhla úh' fk,a,swä
msysá Tyqf.a ksjig meñKs t,aààB ;=jlal=lrejka
fjä ;nd Tyqj >d;kh l< nj jd¾;dfõ' >d;kfhka
miq mjqf,a wh rg yer f.dia we;'
mS' ã' úu,fiak ^49& - uqøKd, l<ukdlre
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1989 uehs 27
1958 § rcfha uqøKd,fha fiajlhl= f,i Ôú;h werUQ
mS' ã' úu,fiak" ,xld iuiudc mCIfha jD;a;h S iñ;s
ls%hdldßlhl= úh' 1963 § uqøKlrejkaf.a ix.ufha
m%Odk f,alï f,i m;ajQ Tyq 1966 § tys iNdm;s;j
a hg
m;aúh' >d;khg ,lajk ;=re tu ix.ufha iNdm;s
;k;=r ±rE Tyq ,xld iudiudc mCIfha jD;a;Sh iñ;s
fmvf¾IKfha f,alï f,io lghq;= lf<ah' iudc
hym; b,lal lr.;a jD;a;Sh iñ;s kdhlfhl= f,i
Tyq .;a tä;r ls%hdud¾.hla wo jk úg YS% ,xldfõ
mdi,a orejkag fkdñ,fha fmd;a ,nd fok ;ekg
jHdma; ù we;' mdi,a fmd;a wvq ñ,g ,nd §ug wdKavj
q isá ;=jlal=lrejkaf.a fjä WKavj,ska Tyq >d;khg
we;=f,a fhdackdjla iïu; ù fmd;a u%øKh l< yels±hs
rcfha uqøKd,fhka úuiQ úg tys m%Odkshd merKs
48
hka;% iQ;%j,ska tjeks úYd, lghq;a;la l< fkdyels
nj m%ldY lr we;' tjlg jD;a;Sh iñ;sfha f,alï jQ
úu,fiak uy;d ifydaor fiajlhka iuÕ idlÉPd
fldg ;ukag tu j.lSu Ndr .; yels nj okajd
j.lSu Ndrf.k fiajlhka iuÕ Y%uodkhlska hka;%
iQ;% o yels uÜgñka w¿;a jeähd fldg fmd;a uqøKh
wrUd we;' uq,ks u
a Y; úis mylg fydaä fmd; ,enqfKa
tf,ih' miqj tu wvq ñ,g mdi,a fmd;a ,nd §u
fkdñ,fha fmd;a ,nd §u olajd jHdma; úh'
>d;kh jk wjia:dj jk úg Tyq fiajh lrñka
is á fha iuiudc mCIfha uq ø Kd,h jQ zia g d¾
uqøKd,fhaZ l<ukdlre f,ih' m%.;sYS,S mqj;am;a"
m%ldYk /ila uqøKh l< tu uqøKd,hg meñKs ck;d
úuqla;s fmruqfKa ;=jlal=lrejka 1989 uehs 27 jeksod
ta uy;dg fjä ;nd >d;kh lrk ,§' 1940 § ul=¿¥fõ
Wmka Tyq >d;kh jk úg jhi 49 la úh'
whsjka chfialr - m%dfoaYh
S udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1989 cQks 04
YS% ,xld uyck mCIfha wdrïNl idudðlhl= jQ whsjka
chfialr uyr.u wdikfha ixúOdhljrhdo úh' idu
,eÈ" jdu jd§ udkj ys;jdÈhl= jQ Tyq fkdfhl=;a
foaYmd,k m%ldYkj,g ;u woyia ,shd we;s w;r"
zuyr.uZ kñka ;uka úis k a u ixia l rKh l<
mqj;am;lao m%ldYhg m;a lrñka isáfhah' tjeks
u;OdÍkag tfrys n,fõ. ls%hd;aul jQ wúpdr iuhla
jQ jljdkqjl" tkï 1989 cQks ui 04 jeksod ieÕù
,la úh'
49
f;aúia .=ref.a ^66& - .=jka úÿ,s iy rEmjdyskS
udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1989 cQ,s 23
1949 jif¾§ .=jka úÿ,s ixia:dfõ fojeks ksfõolhd
f,i thg neÿKq f;aúia .=ref.a 1983 § thska úY%du
.sfha tys wOHCI ckrd,ajrhd jYfhks' rEmjdysksh
fkdue;s tu ld,fha uy ck;djg ióm m%n,;u
udOHh jQ .=jka úÿ,shg lïlrejkaf.a y~ f.k wd
zlïlre mehZ jev igyk jev lrk ck;dj w;r
ckms%h jQ Tyqf.a jev igykls' <ud Whfka fmdä
udud f,i ckms%h <ud jev igykla o Tyq bÈßm;a
lf<ah' udisl /Õ=u Tyq bÈßm;a l< jev igykls'
.=jka úÿ,sfhka úY%du .sh Tyq h<s tys iNdm;sjrhd
iy wOHCI ckrd,a f,i jev Ndr .;af;ah' NSIK
iuh jk úg Tyq iajdëk rEmjdyskS fiajfha ksis
n,Orhd f,i lghq;= lrñka isáfhah' yÈis kS;sh
hgf;a mekjQ mqj;a jdrKfha n,Orhd f,i 1989 cQ,s
5 jeksod isg lghq;= lr we;'
1989 cQ,s ui 23 jeksod WoEik kdrdfyaamsg msysá ish
ksjfia isg kdrdfyakamsg mkai,g f.dia tk úg
fmd,afyakf a .dv md,u Wv§ >d;lhska ;enQ fjä WKav
mylska Tyq Ôú;CIhg m;a úh' th ck;d úuqla;s
fmruqfKa >d;khla f,i ms<. s ekqkq w;r miq ld,Skj
fjk;a iel ixldo we;s ù ;sfí'
50
fma % u lS ¾ ;s o w,a ú ia ^42& - udOHfõÈ iy
.S; rpl
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1989 cQ,s 31
1947 cQks ui 3 jeksod fld<U§ Wmka iurùr uqo,sf.a
fodka fma%ulS¾;s o w,aúia" fma%ï kñka ys;j;=ka yd
fm%alaIl" Y%djl m%cdj w;r buy;a ckdorhg m;a jQ
udOHfõÈfhls' 1967 foieïn¾ 17 jeksod isg .=jka
úÿ,sfha iyk ksfõolhl= f,i ne÷Kq Tyq iaÓr
fiajlhl= ù wjidkfha >d;khg ,lajk úg m%DjD;a;s
yd ld,Sk jev igyka iïmdoljrfhl= f,i lghq;=
lrñka isáfhah' 1989 cQ,s ui 31 jeksod we¢ß kS;sh
n,meje;ajqKq we¢ß rd;s%fha wú w;g .;a ;reKhska
msßila meñK n,y;aldrfhka ksjiska ?f.k .sh
Tyqf.a ksi, foayh miqod WoEik ksjig kqÿre
fojegla wi,§ yuq úh' fjä myr ;=klska ta jk úg
isg ckms%hu úoaHq;a udOHfõÈhl= jQ Tyqf.a uqLß uqj"
ioygu ksy~ lr ;snK q 's >d;kfhys j.lSu" foaYfm%ñ a
ck;d jHdmdrh uÕska Ndr .kakd nj okajk fmdaig a ¾
lsyms hla fydaud.u m%foaYfha w,jd ;sìK' foore mshl=
jQ Tyq ñh hk úg mÈxÑj isáfha fydaud.u" lgqjdk
mdf¾ l=vd l=,S ksjilh' nexl= .sKfq uys b;sßj ;snf
q Ka
remsh,a 1717 Y; 14 la nj jd¾;d úh'
wdkkao úoHd,fha iÕrd ixialrKfhka Tyq udOHfhys
w;afmd;a ;enQfõh' 1961 § <ud .dhlhl= ùfï
wdYdfjka .=jka úÿ,shg md ;enQ Tyqg Tyqf.a udOH
.=rejrhd jQ lreKdr;ak wfífialrhka yuqjQ w;r
1961 ckjdß 27 jeksod mgka <ud uKavmfha msgm;a
lshjkakl= f,i .=jka úÿ,s udOH ðú;h wdrïN
lf<ah'
51
.=jka úÿ,shg iïnkaO ù lghq;= l< jir 25 ;=<
fm!oa.,sl Ôú;h Tiafia;"a foaYmd,k fmr<s Tiafia;a
fkdfhl=;a ÿlaL fodaukiaihkago Tyq uqyK q ÿkafkah'
1969 isg 1977 ld,h ;=< Tyq fodf<dia jrla jev
;ykug ,la úh' 1977 wf.dai;a = 12 jeksod isg wksjd¾h
ksjdvq heùug ,laúh' fpdaokd Tmamq fkdjQfhka kej;
fiajfha msysg jQ Tyqg rcrg fiajhg;a" thska reyqKq
fiajhg;a kej; fld<Ug;a jYfhka o~qjï udre
,eìKs'
l,d lghq;= /ilgu odhl ù we;s Tyq thska jvd
id¾:l ù we;af;a .S; rplhl= jYfhks' miqj rEmjdyskS
udOHhgo iïnkaO jQ Tyq" Tyqf.a im%dKsl bÈßm;a
lsÍu" jd.a pd;+¾h ksid ckdorhg m;a úh'
woyia m%ldY lsÍfï ksoyi uq¿ukskau W,a,x>Kh jQ
ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa NSIK iufha urK ;¾ck
fkd;ld ish udOH rdcldßfha kshe¨Kq Tyq NSIKfha
f.dÿrla njg m;a úh'
l=,isß wur;=x. - udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1989 wf.daia;= 11
YS% ,xld .=jka úÿ,s ixia:dfõ È.= l,la fiajh l<
udOHfõÈhl= jQ l=,isß wur;=x. l,la ráka msgj
udOH lghq;=j, kshe,S wdmiq meñK YS% ,xld cd;sl
rEmjdyskS ixia:dfõ WmfoaYl m%jD;a;s ixialdrl OQrh
Ndr f.k we;af;a iNdm;sjrhdf.a wdrdOkdjla wkqjh'
isxy, iy bx.S%is NdId foflkau udOH yeisrùfï
oCIhl= jQ Tyq 1988 - 1989 NSIK ld,fha rEmjdyskS
m%jD;a;s úldYh úkdä lsysmhlg fyda mj;ajdf.k
hEug W;aidy l< flfkla f,i jd¾;d fõ' rdcH
52
udOH ;=< fiajh lsÍu" m%jD;a;s lshùu ck;d úuqla;s
fmruqfKa urK o~qju ,eîug fya;= jQ tu Èkj,
ckms%h udOHfõ§ka lsysm fofkl=u >d;khg ,la ù
isáhy' rEmjdyskS ixia:dfõ iy .=jka úÿ,s ixia:dfõ
fiajlfhda jevg tkakg ìh ù isáhy' rEmjdysksfha
fmkS isákakg úfYaIfhka ìh jQy' tl, m%jD;a;s
wxYfha j.lSï ±rE Tyq m%jD;a;s úldYh mj;ajd f.k
hkakg ±ä W;aidyhla .;a nj iuld,Skfhda mji;s'
fld<U Èia;s%lalfha .,alsiai m%foaYfha Ôj;a jQ Tyq
mq;=ka fofofkl=f.a msfhla úh' 1989 wf.daia;= 11
jeks bßod WoEik ^Èkh tu ui 10 isg 14 w;r fhÿkq
bßod Èkh f,i ie,fla& fiajhg hEug m%:u mqj;am;a
n,ñka is á h§ ks j ig f.dv jeÿKq ;reKhs k a
fofofkl= yÈis wjYH;djlg ÿrl;kh Ndú;
lrkakg mq¿jka±hs úuid we;' wjir ,enqKq w;r
Tyq wi, is á Tyq f .a tl mq f ;la fg,s f mda k h
fmkaùug hEug ieriS we;' tla jru wur;=x.
udOHfõÈhdg fjä ;enQ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa
msiaf;da, lrejka m,d f.dia we;'
id.ßld f.dauia ^28& - udOHfõÈkS" .dhk iy
rx. Ys,amskS
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1989 iema;eïn¾ 18
1961 Tlaf;dan¾ 19 jeksod fld<U ldi,a ldka;d
frdayf,a§ Wmka pdkaokS id.ßld f.dauiaf.a mshd
ieïika f.dauia jk w;r uj rEmd f.dauiah' mdi,a
wjÈfha isá ck .S ;rÕj,ska iuia; ,xld m<uq ;ek
ÈkQ weh úYsIG
a ck .S .dhsldjla jQjdh' ck .S .dhkhg
wef.a ;snQ yelshdj ksid tâúka fldaÜfgf.dv Y+Íka
hgf;a jeä ÿr yeoEÍula o l<dh'
53
YS% ,xld .=jka úÿ,s ixia:dfõ <ud rx. mSGh" <ud
Whk" iriú uKavmh" álsß iskd /<s jev igyka
yryd wef.a oCI;d t<s olajkakg yelshdj ,enqKq
w;r .dhsldjl fukau rx. Ys,amsKshl f,io weh
úúO jev igykaj,g odhl jQjdh' uydpd¾h tÈßùr
ir;apkaøhkaf.a fjiaika;r kdglhg .dhkfhka
yd rx.kfhka odhl jQjdh' gj¾fyda,a rÕy, moku
hgf;a ksYamdokh l< YS% úl%u" iuqø foaú" isßiÕfnda"
mKavqldNh" meyeirKsh jeks kdglj,g .dhkfhka
yd rx.kfhka odhl jQjdh'
rEmjdyskS ksfõÈldjla o jQ weh" rdcH udOHj, fiajh
lsÍu urKh le|ùula jQ wúpdr iufha YS% ,xld
rEmjdyskS ixia:dfõ ksfõok lghq;= l<dh' 1989
Tlaf;dan¾ 18 jeksod iji wef.a ksjig meñKs mia
fofkl=f.ka hq;= wú.;a lKavdhu weh tk;=re ksjfia
úúO foa wjqiaiñka n,d isáhy' rd;S% 7'30 g muK
ksjig meñKs id.ßld w;a wvx.=jg .;a lKavdhu
m%Yak lsÍug lshd weh /f.k .shh' miqod w¿hu uqyqÿ
fjrf<ys ;sî yuq jQfha wef.a m%dKh ksreoaO u< l|h'
miq Èkg fh§ ;snqfKa wef.a 28 jeks Wmka Èkhhs'
yuqod ks,Odßhl= jQ wehf.a fmïj;d iuÕ újdyhg
;snqfKa udihl ld,hls' meje;s jd;djrKh wkqj
wehf.a >d;kh ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK úiska isÿ
lrkakg we;s njg iel l< w;r l=,S uer msßila
úiska lrkakg we;s njg m%n, ielhlao we;s úh'
54
rdðKS rdcisxyï ;srdK.u ^35& - f,aÅld iy
ksoyia udOHfõÈkS
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1989 iema;eïn¾ 21
>d;k foaYmd,khg tfrysj wNS;j ;u woyia m<
l< rdðKS rdcisxyï ;srdK.u úúO m%ldYkj,g
;u woyia ,shQ f,aÅldjls' hdmkh úYaj úoHd,fha
udkj ys ñ lï ms < s n | wdpd¾hjreka f .a ix.uh
iïmdokh l< ì÷Kq ;,a rel lD;sfha iu l¾;Djßho
fjhs' tys bÈß fm< lsh
% dldßkshl jQ weh ;u ck;djf.a
úuql;a h
s fjkqjg woyia m< l< fkdyels" úiïuq;h s g"
úúO;ajh bv ke;s >d;k foaYmd,k ixialD;shg
tfrys jQjdh' wehf.a Wmka .u jQ hdmkfha muKla
fkdj ol=fKa udkj ysñlï yd ia;S% whs;sjdislï
lsh
% dldÍka w;r fukau ixialD;sl fCIa;f % ha m%.;sY,
S kS a
w;ro m%lgj isáhdh' jD;a;sfhka ffjoHjßhl jQ
weh hdmkh úYaj úoHd,fha ldh jHjÉfþo wxYfha
m%Odkshd f,i lghq;= l<dh' YsIH WmfoaYsldjl jQ
weh isiqkaf.a wkd.;h yd Tjqkaf.a m%.;sh fjkqfjka
fld;rï lem jQjdo h;a weh >d;kh jQ miq isiqka
ks¾udKh l< fmdaiagrhl i|yka jQfha zwms Tn j<
±uqfõ ke;" jemsrefjuqZ hkqfjks'
ol=fKa jdudxYl foaYmd,k ls%hdldßlhl= yd úYaj
úoHd, wdpd¾hjrhl= jQ ohdmd, ;srdK.u iuÕ újdy
ù isá weh W;=r;a ol+K;a w;r md,ula fjñka ;u
l=vd ÈhKshka fofokd iuÕ hdmkfha Ôj;a jQjdh'
wehf.a woyia" f,aLK yd ls%hdlß;ajhka ksid Ôú;h
wk;=f¾ nj o;a fld<U iy úfoaYsl ñ;=re ñ;=ßhka
hdmkfhka msgù tkakg wdrdOkd lroa§ weh hdmkfha
ck;dj fjkqfjkau fiajh l<dh' ì%;dkHfha bf.k
.;a wehg tysu k;r jkakg yelshdj ;sìh§ Wmka.u
f;dard .;a;dh'
55
1989 iema;eïn¾ ui 21 jeksod hdmkh úYaj úoHd,fha
ldh jHjÉfþo wxYfha mÍCIKhla wjika lr iji
5'00 g muK ;u md meÈfha ke.S ksji n,d toa§
>d;lfhda wehj fjä ;nd >d;kh l<y' uq,ska fuu
>d;kh bkaÈhka idu idOl yuqodj l< nj úYajdi
lrkq ,enqj;a miqj th t,aààh úiska l< >d;khla
f,i m%ldYhg m;a úh'
wehf.a urKhg 60 Èkla msfrK od hdmkh úYaj
úoHd,h ixúOdkh l< W;aijhg fld<ôka iy úfoia
rgj,ska ls%hdldÍka ls%hdldßkshka úYd, m%udKhla
iyNd.S jQ w;r ish¿ ;ykï yd wdhqO ikakoaO
lKavdhï fkd;ld hdmkfha meje;ajQ ±jeka;u
fm<md,sh rdðKS >d;khg tfrysj k.rh mqrd .uka
lf<ah' wehf.a >d;kfhka miq wehf.a ÈhKshka
fofokd iy ieñhd rg yer .sh w;r mjqf,a fiiq wh
o .u yer .shy'
whs Ikauq.,sx.ï - udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1989 fkdjeïn¾ 06
B,kdvq mqj;amf;a ld¾h uKav,fha udOHfõÈhl= jQ
whs Ikau.
q ,sx.ï >d;kh jk úg fiajh lrñka isáfha
zúvqof,hssZ kï mqj;amf;ah' bkaÈhka idu idOl
yuqodj úiska B,kdvq" uqrfida,s iy B,uqriq mqj;am;a
ld¾hd, jid ±uqjdg miq tu uqøK hka;% w,a,d .;a B
mS wd¾ t,a t*a ixúOdkh úvqof,hs mqj;am; wdrïN
lr we;' tys udOHfõÈhl= f,i lghq;= wdrïN l<
Tyq ta fya;=fldg f.k t,aààB h úiska fjä ;nd
>d;kh lrk úg jhi 45 la muK jQ újdylfhls'
wßhdf,a m%foaYfha Ôj;a jQ Tyq >d;kh lrk ,oafoa
1989 fkdjeïn¾ ui 06 jeksodh'
56
tï wñ¾;,sx.ï - mqj;am;a ysñlre$geñ,a g%iaÜ
*kaâ ks¾ud;D
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1989
hdmkfha m<jQ uqrfida,s mqj;amf;a whs;l
s re ^l<ukdldr
wOHCI& jQ Tyq" Tamil Trust Fund kï wdh;kfhao
ks¾ud;Djrhdh' lfrhsk.¾ m%foaYfha Wmka Tyq orejka
;sfofkl=f.a msfhla úh' 1989 Èfkl ^ksYÑ a ; Èkh fidhd
.ekSu wiSreh& fjä ;nd Tyq >d;kh lr we;s w;r th
t,aààB >d;khla f,i m%lg úh' t,aààB ys;jd§ f,i
fmkqk mqj;am;la jQ uqrfid,s ta jk úg udkj ysñlï
W,a,x>Khka .ek ixfõ§ njla fmkaùu;a Tyq tlai;a
cd;sl mCIfha ls%hdldßlfhl= ùu;a >d;khg fya;=
jkakg we;s njg iel flf¾'
wd¾' ã' msgfj, - k¾;k Ys,amS
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1989
k¾;kh ms<n s | ,,s; l,d WmdêOdßhl= jQ wd¾'ã' msgfj,
jD;a;f s hka k¾;k .=rejrhl= f,i Ôú;h wdrïN lf<ah'
,xld .=re ix.ufha ls%hdldßlhl= jQ Tyqg 1980 jev
j¾ckfhka /lshdj wysñ úh' W!j mrK.u ÿIalr
.ïudkhl Ôj;a jQ Tyqg mjq, Ôj;a lrùu i|yd l<
yels ish¿ lïlre jevj, mjd fhfokakg isÿ úh'
fndfyda ÿr mhska weúÈñka Tyqf.a ms%h;u ld¾hh jQ
k¾;k m%ix. i|yd o iyNd.S úh' kqjr t<sh m%foaYfha
ixpdrl fydag,hl k¾;k bÈßm;a lsÍug fndfyda ÿr
f.jd .sfhah' ta w;r cd;s jdohg úreoaO" idujdÈhl=
fukau wdKavq úfrdaêhl= f,i m%foaYfha wkkH jQ
mq o a . ,hl= o úh' tu u;jdohka /.;a úma , jjd§
fldñhqksiaÜ ,S.fha m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhd jYfhkao
lghq;= lrñka tu ixúOdkfha lïlre udj; mqj;am;
57
f.hska f.g hñka wf<ú lsÍuo lf<ah' ÿIalr Ôú;hla
f.jñka" l,d lghq;=j,ska mjq, kv;a;= lrñka hym;a
iudchla fjkqfjka y~ k.k iudc Ôú;hla .; l<
1990
msgfj, 1989 Èfkl kdÿkk ;=jlal=lrejkaf.a fjä
myßka >d;kh úh'
,CIauka fmf¾rd - kdgH ksYamdol
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1990 ckjdrs 27
ir;a pkaør;ak - ix.S; Ys,amS$ .dhl
>d;khg ,lajQ Èkh - 1989 udOHfõ§ ßpâ o fidhsid iuÕ iïnkaOhla ;sîu;a"
Tyq úiska ksYamdokh lrñka isá zfï ljqo fudkjo
m%foaYfha YS% ,xld uyck mCIfha lsh
% dldÍkaf.a ys;j;l= lrkafkaZ kï fõÈld kdgHh;a Tyqf.a meyer .ekSu
fukau" jdudxYsl woyia ±rEjl= jQ ir;a pkaør;ak m%isoaO yd >d;khg fya;= jkakg we;ehs iel flf¾' zfï
jQfha uy;=ka u,a,S kñkah' m%foaYfha ckms%h .dhlhl=
ljqo fudkjo lrkafka hk igka mdGh tjlg
fukau ix.S;{hl= o jQ Tyq ckms%h mqoa.,hl= úh' Ôj;a
ckdêm;sj isá rKisxy fma%uodi uy;df.a ue;sjrK
ùu i|yd Tyq hdmyqj udt<sh rfò uxikaÈfha fjf<o
m%pdrl jHdmdrfha ^1989& m%Odk igka mdGhla úh'
jHdmdrhlao mj;ajd f.k .sfhah' uyck mCI lsh % dldÍyQ
tkñka ßpâ o fidhsid ,shk ,o kdgHhla ,CIauka
Tyq weiqre lsÍug ks;r tys .ejiqky' NSIK iufha tla
fmf¾rd ksYamdokh lrñka isàu .ek fCIa;%fha
ìhlre rd;s % h l Tyq f .a fjf<| i, fj; meñKs
;=jlal=lrefjda fjä ;nd Tyqj >d;kh lr m<d .shy' fndfyda fokdf.a l;d nyg ,la úh' Tyq w;=reoyka
jQfha tu kdgHh fõÈld .; lsÍug fmr Èkh' tu
w;= r eoyka ùu iïnka O fhka rcfha m% n ,u
tï' kjr;akï - udOHfõ§ foaYmd,k{hl=g fpdaokd t,a, úh'
>d;khg ,lajQ Èkh - 1989
foysj, .,alsiai k.r iNdfõ kd.ßl uka;S%jrhl=
hdmkfha m< jQ B,uqriq yd uqrfida,s mqj;am;aj, f,i lghq;= l< Tyq 1990 ckjdß 27 jeks Èk meyer
jd¾;dlrejl= f,i lghq;= l< tï kjr;akï jD;a;f s hka f.k f.dia w;=reoyka lr we;' Ôj;a jQfha fld<U
.=rejrfhla úh' B,uqriq mqj;am; t,aààB mqj;am;la Èia;l
%s l
a fha foysj, m%foaYfha fïc¾ we,'a ù' .=Kr;ak
f,i m%lg úh' uqrfida,s o t,aààB ys;jd§ tlla f,i udjf;a ksjilh'
ye¢kaúK' hdmkfha wdrCIdj i|yd hehs bkaÈhka idu
idOl yuqodj meñK isá jljdkqfõ tkï" 1989 jif¾
Èkl tï kjr;akï fjä ;nd >d;kh lr we;' th
bkaÈhka yuqodj iuÕ lsÜgqfjka lghq;= l< BmSwd¾t,at*a
ixúOdkh úiska l< >d;khla f,i fCIa;%h ;=<
ms<s.ekSug ,la ù we;' Tyq f;,smamff," w¾,df,hs
m%foaYfha Ôj;a jQ wfhls'
58 59
rspâ o fidhsid ^31& - udOHfõ§ iy rx. Ys,amS
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1990 fmnrjdß 18
ckms%h rEmjdyskS ksfõolhl= fukau Ñ;%mg yd fg,s
kdgH rx. Ys,amshl=o jQ ßpâ o fidhsid bkag¾ fm%ia
mqj;a fiajhg furg udkj ysñlï W,a,x>Khka
iïnkaOfhka m%jD;a;s iemhQ flfkla f,io m%lg
úh' tu mqj;a fiajh iuÕ fiajh lsÍu i|yd rg yer
hEug Èk lsysmhla ;sìh§ Tyqf.a >d;kh isÿ úh' Tyq
úiska tla /ia lr .;a udkj ysñlï W,a,x>Khla
ms<n
s | f;dr;=re /ila ráka msgùu je<elaùu >d;khg
wdikak;u fya;=j úh yels nj l;d nyg ,la úh'
1990 fmnrjdß ui 17 jeksod rd;s%fha ks, we÷fuka
ksjig meñKs yh fofkl=f.ka iukaú; fmd,sia
ks,OdÍka lKavdhula ßpâ o fidhsid nf,ka meyer
f.k f.dia ;sìKs' jo § úlD;s lr" >d;kh lrk ,o
Tyqf.a isrer fmnrjdß 18 jeksod w¿hu fld<U
Èia;s%lalfha" fudrgqj" fldr<je,a, uqyqÿ fjrf<a ;sî
yuq úh' m%Odk fmd,sia ia:dkhla jk je,slv fmd,sia
ia:dkhg kqÿßka msysá ksjil ;u uj iuÕ Ôj;a jQ
ßpâ mjqf,a tlu orejd úh' Tyqf.a urKska miq Tyqf.a
uj jQ ffjoH ufkdardKS irjkuq;a;= uy;añh orejka
>d;khg tfrysj mek ke.=Kq uõjrekaf.a fmruqfKa
kdhsldjla f,i fmruqK f.k lghq;= l<dh' Tyq
>d;kh ù udi ;=kla ,nkakg ;sìh§ uehs ui 15
jeksod rEmjdyskS jev igyklska ufkdardKs uy;añh
Tyqj meyer f.k hEug meñKs lKavdhfï flfkla
jQ fcHIaG fmd,sia wêldÍ frdkS .=Kisxy uy;d y÷kd
f.k t;eka isg >d;lhkag o~qjï ,nd §u i|yd
kS;suh lghq;= lsÍug .; yels ish¿ fjr ±rejdh'
miqj 1993 uehs 01 od urdf.k uefrk fndaïnhlg
60
f.dÿrej >d;khg ,lajQ tl, ckdêm;s rKisxy
fm%u
a odi uy;d iuÕ m%Odk iellre jQ frdkS .=Kisxyo
>d;khg ,la úh'
woyia m%ldY lsÍfï ksoyi ms<sn| m%n, l;sldjla
fCIa;%h ;=< f.dv kef.kafkao Tyqf.a >d;kh;a
iuÕh' 1994 fmnrjdß ui 21 jeksod woyia m%ldY
lsÍu yd udOH u¾okhg tfrysj tf;la b;sydifha
meje;s ±jeka;u Woaf>daIKd;;aul jev igyk
mj;ajkq ,enQfha ßpâ o fidhsid iy hdmkfha §
>d;kh jQ rdðKS ;srdK.u iurñks' th ixúOdkh
lrkq ,enQfha zhqla;shZ mqj;am; úisks'
l=udr.=re l=yuQ¾;s ^40& -udOH fiajl$ udkj
ysñlï jd¾;dlre
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1990 iema;eïn¾ 16
YS % ,xld .= j ka úÿ,s ixia : dfõ fou< wxYfha
,sml s refjl= f,i fiajh l< l=udr.=re l=yuQ¾;s udkj
ysñlï ls%hdldßlhl=o úh' cd;Ska w;r hqla;sh yd
iudk;ajh i|yd jHdmdrfha idudcslhl= f,io ls%hd
lf<ah' hdmkfha m<jQ iegfâ ßùõ mqj;aj;g udkj
ysñlï W,a,x>Khka iïnkaOfhka jd¾;d lf<ah'
hdmkfha k,aƾ m%foaYfha Wmka Tyq újdyfhka miq
ìß|f.a .u jQ udjÜgmqrïyS mÈxÑ ù we;' /lshdj
i|yd fld<U je,a,j;a; m%foaYfha Ôj;a úh' hdmkfha
Tyqf.a iïnkaO;d ksid" hdmkfha f;dr;=re fidhd
hk udOHfõ§kaf.a ixpdrj,go iyfhda.h olajd we;'
Tyq meyer .ekSug ál Èklg fmr .,ali s i
a fydag,fha
meje;s udkj ysñlï iïuka;%Khlg iyNd.S fjñka
isáh§ .,alsiai fmd,Sish uÕska w;a wvx.=jg .kq
,enQjo meñK isá whf.a ueÈy;a ùu ksid fírd
.kakg yels úh'
61
1990 iema;eïn¾ ui 16 jeksod Tyq jev wjikaj .=jka
úÿ,s ixia:dfõ isg h;=re meÈfhka ;u kjd;ek lrd
.uka lrñka isáh§ cdj;a; mdf¾§ jEka tllska meñKs
msßila Tyqj meyer f.k f.dia we;' Tyq >d;kh lr
ñksho w;=reoyka lr we;s nj úYajdi flf¾' rch
fyda rcfha wkq.%yh ,nk ikakoaO lKavdhula úiska
>d;kh isÿ lr we;s njg úYajdi flf¾' ta jkúg
Tyqf.a ìß| m<uq orejd ,nkakg isá .eìkshls' weh
miqj ÈhKshl m%iQ; l<dh' Tyqf.a w;=reoyka ùfuka
miq mjqf,a wh .u yer f.dia we;'
fidakd m;aukdoka - udOH fiajl
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1990 iema;eïn¾ 27
fidakd m;aukdoka Wohka mqj;amf;a fnod yeÍï wxYfha
fiajlhl= úh' 1990 iema;eïn¾ ui 27 jeksod hdmkfha
k,aƾ m%foaYfha ;snQ Wohka mqj;am;a ld¾hd,hg t,a,
jQ fI,a m%ydrhlska fidakd m;aukdoka >d;khg ,la
úh' f.dvke.s,a,g úYd, f,i ydks jQ w;r mßmd,k
wxYfha jhs fc.kdokaf.a iy uqøK hka;% ld¾ñlhl=
jQ ta iqkao¾ rdcdf.a w;la ne.ska wysñ úh' wdrCIl
wxYfha ù lka o ma m q nrm;, ;= j d, ,enQ w;r
ld¾hd,hg msg;ska meñKs mqoa.,hl= o tu m%ydrfhka
nrm;, ;=jd, ,nd we;'
hQ t,a odjqoa ^50& - f,aLl
>d;kh jQ Èkh -1990
kef.kysr m<df;a trdjq¾ m%foaYfha jeishl= jQ hQ't,a'
odjqoa >d;khg ,lajk úg w,sld¾ uqia,sï uyd
úoHd,fha úÿy,am;s f,i lghq;= lf<ah' f,aLlfhl=
f,i Tyq mqj;am;aj,g ,sms ,shd we;s w;r tajd b,lal
62
jQfha YsIH m%cdj fj;gh' zuqia,sï lfohs u,¾Z kï
uqi,
a ï
s f,aLlhkaf.a ,sms tl;= lr uqøKh l< fmd;go
Tyqf.a f,aLK we;=,;aj we;' bkaÈhka idu idOl
yuqodj iy t,aààBh w;r .egqï meje;s jljdkqfõ
Tyqo isáfha wkd: l|jqrlh' tys§ uqia,sï m%cdjg
fjkialï isÿùu .ek Tyq m%isoaêfha l;d fldg we;'
l|jqrg meñKs t,aààBh mÍCIKhlg lshd Tyq msg;g
/f.k f.dia fjä ;nd >d;kh fldg we;s nj jd¾;d
fõ'
wyuâ f,ífí ^45& - f,aLl
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1990 foieïn¾ 26
1978 § rdcH idys;H iïudkh ÈkQ f,aLlfhls'
.= r ejrhl= f,i jD;a ; S h Ôú;h mgka .;a Tyq "
úÿy,am;s" wOHdmk wOHCI ;k;=re olajd by<g .sh
w;r >d;khg ,lajk úg uvl,mqj w;sf¾l Èidm;s
f,i by<g f.dia isáfhah' ks¾udKd;aul f,aLlhl=
jQ Tyq kjl;d" iy flá l;d o ,shd we;' Tyqf.a
>d;kfhka miq Tyqf.a ñ;=frda tl;=j Tyqf.a flá
l;d tl;= fldg zuqlla dvqZ kñka flá l;d ix.%yhlao
t<s oelajQy' zjd,ÉfÉk jr,dreZ kñka jd,ÉfÉfka
b;sydih ,shd lD;shla f,i Tyq úiska m< fldg
;snK q 's
jd,ÉfÉk fmdf,dkakrej mdf¾§ 1990 foieïn¾ 26
jeksod ìï fndaïnlg yiq ù Tyq >d;kh jk úg
orejka 5 fofkl=f.a msfhla úh' uqia,sï m%cdjf.a
woyi th Tyqgu b,lal fldg ;enQ fndaïnhla njhs'
ta jk úg w;sf¾l Èidm;s jQ Tyq uvl,mqfõ Èidm;s
ùu je<elaùug ie,iqï iy.;j" t,aààB h tu
>d;kh l< nj ms<s.ekSug ,la ù we;'
63

1991
fõ¨ms,af,a wdkkaoka ^46&- f,aLl
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1991 fmnrjdß 21
1949 wfma%,a 08 jeksod uvl,mqfõ§ Wmka fõ¨ms,af,a
wdkkaoka m%lg fou< idys;Hlrefjla úh' /lshdj
f,i wïmdr Èia;s%lalhg wh;a iïuka;=f¾ m%foaYfha
;eme,a ld¾hd,fha ,smslrefjla f,i fiajh l< Tyq
idys;H lghq;j = ,g wu;rj mqj;am;aj,g idys;H l,d
úpdr ,shQ úpdrlfhlao úh' u,hd, ni o;a Tyq u,hd,
niska fou< nig flá l;d 30 la muK mßj¾;kh
lr we;' lú ishhla muK ,shd ;snqKs' 1995 foieïn¾
ui 05 jeksod uvl,mqfõ isÿjQ fou< ñksikq a >d;kfha
f.dÿrla njg m;aù wdkkaoka f,aLlhdo idys;H
f,dalhg wysñ úh'
iïuka;=f¾ isg Tyqf.a ksji msysá uvl,mqj n,d
hñka isá Tyq .uka .;a jEka r:h mqÿl=äbßmamq .fï§
m%ydrhg ,la úh' jd¾;d ù we;s wdldrhg m%ydrh isÿ
ù we;af;a óg¾ 200 la muK ÿßka we;s yuqod uqr fmd<
fmfkk udkfha§h' 1990 w. Nd.fha isg 1991 uq,a
ld,h olajd kef.kysr m<df;a m%pKav lsh % d mej;sK'
fuÈkg fmr Èkfha uqi, a ï
s .%dudrCIlhska fofofkla
tu m%foaYfhaÈ t,aààBh úiska >d;kh lr ;snqKs'
wdkkaoka f,aLlhd we;=¿ fou< uÕSka f.ka hq;a jEka
r:h 1991 fmnrjdß 21 jeksod tu ia:dkhg <Õdj;au
m%:u fjä,a, ßhÿref.a uqyK q g je§ we;s w;r mdfrka
bj;g .sh jEka tl úÿ,s lKqjl yemS k;r ù we;'
cfka,fhka mek .;a tla mqoa.,fhla l<mqj foig
64
Èj hoa§ ;enQ fjä,a,lska Tyq fíÍ we;af;a ;K m÷re
w;r jegqKq Tyqf.a ysig Wäka fjä WKavh .sh ksidh'
jEka r:hg .sks ;nd ;snQ w;r fjä je§ ñh .sh yd
;=jd, jQ uÕSka úis fofkl= muK tu .skafka ±ù w¿
ù .sh nj m%ldY fõ' wdkkaoka lúhdo fï l=ßre
brKug f.dÿre jQ flfkla úh' 2000 jif¾§ Tyqf.a
ñ;=rka tlaj" Tyqf.a lú tl;= fldg zwdkkaoka
lúoy,aZ ^wdkkaokaf.a lú& kñka ldjH tl;=jla
m%ldYhg m;a lrñka Tyqg Wmydr olajd we;'
fidaims,aff, fkdanÜ fyj;a fvdñksla - f,aLl
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1991 uehs 17
1948 uehs ui 2 jeksod ;S%l=Kdu,fha md,hÜgq .fï
bmso" tys Ydka; fcdaYma úoHd,fhka wOHdmkh ,enQ
Tyq fld<U úYaj úoHd,fha l,d WmdêOdßfhls' rdcH
ñKqïfodare fomd¾;fïka;=fõ;a" wOHdmk
fomd¾;fïka;=fõ;a fiajh l< Tyq 1982 È maf,dÜ
ixúOdkhg ne£ mQ¾Kld,Sk foaYmd,kh i|yd
/ls h dfjka o bj;a úh' flá l,ls k a u ma f ,dÜ
foaYmd,k uKav, iNslhl= njgo m;a úh' Tyq
foaYmd,kh f;dard .kakg fmr isg ks¾udK idys;Hh
flf¾ keUqrejla ±lajQ flfkls' j;=lrfha foaYmd,k
;;a;j a h iy tu ck;djf.a m%Yk a .ek z;S¾;lalffrZ
iÕrdjg ks ; r ,s m s ,s j q f õh' z;s k lffrZ kñka
j;=lrfha m<jQ ks¾udKd;aul iÕrdj m< lrk ,oafoa
Tyq úiska m%ekaisia fiaúh¾ kñks' f;aijka hk kñka
Tyq mqj;am;a iÕrdj,g ,shd we;' fou< ck;dj w;r
fukau m%.;sYS,S ish¿ ck fldgia w;r Tyq m%isoaêhg
m;a jQfha zmqÈhfodare W,yïZ^kj f,djla& kñka Tyq
,shQ kj l;dj ksidh' tu fmd; ,shk ,oafoa f.daúkaoka
kñkah' úreoaO u;hlg lsiÿs bvla ke;s fou< ;reK
65
foaYmd,k ixúOdk ;=< mj;sk wNHka;r NSIKh
fy,sorõ lrk tu kj l;dfjka maf,dÜ ixúOdkfha
tl, meje;s wNHka;r NSIKh wkdjrKh fldg we;s
nj lshefõ' ixúOdkh ;=< we;s m%cd;ka;% úfrdaë
njg yd NSIKhg tfrys fjñka 1985 bka bj;a ù
Ôú;h /l .ekSu i|yd 1991 olajd bkaÈhdfõ ieÕù
isáh§ Tyq fmd; ,shd we;'
bkaÈhdfõ§ fmd; m< l< Tyq" 1991 uehs ui uq,
hdmkhg meñK ma f ,dÜ ixúOdkfhka bj;a jQ
m%cd;ka;%jd§ woyia ork ;reK lKavdhula iuÕ
z;sfmdaßZ ^.sks mqmqr& kï l=vd foaYmd,k lKavdhu
msysgqjd .;af;ah' th msysgqjd Èk lsysmhla we;=<;
fjk;a lKavdhïj,g yd woyiaj,g bv fkdfok
t,aààB h úiska úYaj úoHd, YsIHhska 4la iy ;j;a
msßila iuÕ fvdñksla w;a wvx.=jg .;af;ah' tf,i
w;a wvx.=jg .kq ,enqfõ 1991 uehs ui 17 jeksodh'
hdmkfha fldl=ú,a mQ%foaYfha Tyq isá ksjfia§ w;a
wvx.=jg m;a úh' ksoyia jQ flfkl=f.a wdrxÑ ud¾.
wkqj 1994 cQks ui Tyq >d;kh l< nj i|yka fjhs'
fi,aúks;s ;Hd.rdcd- udOHfõÈkS iy kdgH
ksYm
a dÈld
>d;kh jQ Èkh -1991 wf.daia;= 26
fi,aúks;s ;Hd.drdcd fyj;a fi,aú hkqfjka m%lg
weh hdmkh úYaj úoHd,fha ,,s; l,d wxYfha wjika
jif¾ YsIHdjla jQjdh' zf;da,sZ kï ia;S%jd§ iÕrdfõ
ixialdßldj jQ weh hqoaOfhka úm;g m;a ia;S%ka
fjkqfjka jQ Wvqú,a yS mQrKS ia;S% uOHia:dkfha
ls%hdldßkshl f,io lghq;= l<dh' fõÈld kdgH
ksYamdÈldjla fukau úpdßldjla jQjdh' t,aààBh
66
úiska úYaj úoHd,hg meñK fmkajQ kdgHhl je/È
foaYmd,k u; .ek m%isoaêfha úfõpkh lsÍu wehf.a
urKh blauka lr .ekSug fya;=jla ù we;' wehg
zlg jeähs" jy.kakZ lshd wjjdo lr we;' ksjy,a
tä;r udkjjd§ u;jdÈkshl jQ wehf.a woyia k;r
lsÍug tu wjjdoj,g fkdyels úh'
weh w;a wvx.=jg .kakd úg <uhska i|yd fukau
wr., iys; ld,hkays ldka;djkaf.a ld¾hNdrh f;aud
lr .;a kdgH folla ksYamdokh lrñka isáhdh'
m,ia;Sk wr.,h miqìï lr.;a tla kdgHhla miqod
fõÈld .; lsÍug iQodkïj isáh§ weh w;a wvx.=jg
m;a úh'
fi,aú Ôj;a j" fiajh l< iudcfhka weh meyer
.kq ,enqfõ 1991 wf.daia;= ui 26 jeksodh' weh w;a
wvx.= j g .ka k g tk wdrxÑh ,eî weh úYa j
úoHd,fhka msg;aj foudmshkag ta nj okajd úYaj
úoHd,h wi, wd;sfidaÈ mdf¾ ksjfia ldurhg ù
n,dfmdfrd;a;=j isg we;' rd;S% 7'30 g muK t,aààB
h weh w;a wvx.=jg f.k we;' wdrxÑ ud¾.j,g
wkqj isr.;j ;nd .;a weh >d;kh lr fuf,dúka
;=rka lr we;af;a 1993 fmnrjdß udifha§h' w;awvx.=jg
.kakd úg weh we| isá we÷ï wehf.a ksjig hjd
wehg urK o~qju ÿka nj t,aààBh okajd we;'
International Pen kï cd;Hka;r udOH jHdmdrh
m%ldYkfha ksoyi fjkqfjka Èú mrÿjg ;enQjka
fjkqfjka msßkuk iïudkh 1992 jif¾ msßkukq
,enqfõ wehgh' iïudkh .ekSug meñKSu i|yd
weh ksoyia lrk f,i fyda Tjqkg weh isák ;ekg
meñK th msßkukakg wjir fok f,i fyda lrk
,o b,a,Sug t,aààBh lsisÿ m%;spdrhla fkdolajd weh
>d;kh lr we;'
67
tia' ;s,aff,kdoka - ixialD;sl ls%hdOrfhls'
>d;kh jQ Èkh -1991 wf.daia;= 26
oCI ùÈ kdgHlrefjla iy rx. Ys,amsfhla jQ Tyq
jD;a;sfhka .=rejrfhla úh' ifydaoßhka 3la iy
ifydaorhka 3 la iys; mjq,l jeäu,d jQ Tyq mjq,
kv;a;= lrkakdo úh' hdmkfha k.rfha mÈxÑj isá
w;r" m<uq .= r e m;a ù u ,nd W.ka j ñka is á fha
jõks h dfõ fpÜál= , fï" mjgl= , ï ÿIa l r .fï
úoHd,fhah' kuq;a ,efnk yeu ksjdvqju m%fhdackhg
.ksñka hdmkfha ;u ksjig .sh Tyq iuld,Sk hy¿
fhfy,shka iuÕ l,d lghq;j = , kshe¨fkah' hdmkh
úYaj úoHd,fha ixialD;sl lKavdhfï wdrïNl
idudðlfhls' 1991 wf.daia;= jk úg Tyq isáha ±ä
fõokdfjks' ta" ;u fmïj;sh jQ m%;sNdmQ¾K lsú¢hl
jQ isjruKS tu jif¾ uehs ui ish Èú kid .ekSu
ksidh' ukqIH Ôú;fha jákdlu .s,syS hñka >d;kh
rc jQ ;u iudcfha ck;dj fjkqfjka lrk ls%hdldÍ
lghq;=j,ska yd tu iïnkaO;dj,ska wE;aj iïu;
újdy Ôú;hla .; lrkakg wef.a uj l< n,mEfuka
.e,ù .; fkdyS weh ish Èú kid f.k ;snqKdh' ;u
fmïj;s h fuka u is h iudcfha udkj whs ; S k a
fjkqfjka lghq;= lrkakg isá fyfh<shlo wysñ
ùfï fõokdfjka isá kuq;a ;s,aff, wf.daia;= mdi,a
ksjdvq ld,h iïmQ¾Kfhka fhdojd ;snqfKa fi,aú"
ufkdayrka wd§ ñ;=re ñ;=ßhka tlaj ksYma dokh lrñka
isá kdgHfha lghq;= i|ydh' t,aààB h úfõpkh
lsÍfï fya;=fjka Tyqg urK jfrka;=jo ksl=;a lr
;sìK' fi,aú iy ufkdayrka w;a wvx.=jg .;a 1991
wf.daia;= 26 jeksod hdmkfha msysá ;u ksjfia§ Tyq o
t,aààB w;a wvx.=jg m;a úh'
68
,eî we;s wdrxÑ wkqj ;=kqlaldhs t,aààB jo l|jqrg
f.k .sh Tyqg jo § >d;kh lr we;' 1993 uehs ui
Èfkl Tyqf.a ksjig .sh t,aààBh Tyqf.a we÷ï Ndr
§ >d;kh l< nj okajd we;'
fla ufkdayrka - ixialD;sl ls%hdOrfhls
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1991 wf.daia;= 26
hdmkh úYaj úoHd,fha fN!;sl úoHd wxYfha wjika
jif¾ YsIHhl= jQ fla' ufkdayrka w;a wvx.=jg .kq
,enqfõo fi,aú iy ;s,aff,hskdoka w;a wvx.=jg
.;a Èk rd;s%fha§uh'
hdmkfha b,jdf,hs .fï Ôj;a jQ Tyqg isáfha uj
muKh' b;d ÿIalr Ôú;hla f.jQ Tyq tu wNsfhda.
ueo wOHdmkfha by<g hkakg iu;a úh' fi,aú"
;s,aff,hs jeks ñ;=re ñ;=ßhka iuÕ l,d lghq;=j,o
kshe¨Ks' Tjqka tl;=j t,aààBh úiska Tjqka w;a
wvx.=jg .;a odg miqod rÕ olajkakg iQodkï lr
;snQ kdgHfha Tyqo fldgia lrefjls' ;u m%foaYfha
udkj ysñlï W,a,x>Khka .ek hdmkh úYaj
úoHd,fha wdpd¾hjrekaf.a ix.uhg f;dr;=re ,nd
§u ksid m%Odk jYfhka ufkdayrka t,aààB fødayS
,ehsia;=jg jeà ;sìK' 1991 wf.daia;= 26 jeksod
hdmkfha wßhdf,hs msysá fndaäfï§ w;a wvx.=jg
.;a Tyqo ;=kqlaldhs jo l|jqrg f.k f.dia jo § urd
±uQ nj miqj ksoyia jQjkaf.a wdrxÑj,ska ±k .kakg
,eî we;' b;d ÿlanr Ôú;hla f.jQ Tyqf.a ujg miqj
l=ula isÿ jQfha±hs okakd flfkla ke;s nj jd¾;d
fjhs'
69
1993
weka g kS la ú ka g ia m% k dka ÿ ^28& - m% d foa Y S h
jd¾;dlre
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1993 uehs 02
wekagkS laúkagia m%kdkaÿ uQ,sl jYfhka lf;da,sl
wd.ñl mqj;am;la jQ {dKd¾: m%§mh mqj;amf;a .d,a,
óiu Ndr jd¾;dlre f,i l,la ;siafia fiajh lr
we;' YS% ,xldfõ merKsu mqj;am; jQ th 1866 cQks 9
jeksod isg m%ldYkg m;a jk w;r j¾;udkfha tys
jd¾;dlrejka$ldßkshka y÷kajkafka tla tla óiug
wod, ziaj fiajd jd¾;dlrejkaZ f,ih' TjqyQ wh
lsÍulska f;drj jd¾;d lsÍï lr;s'
ifydaor ifydaoßhka 7 fofkl=f.ka hq;a mjq,l yh
jekakd f,i .d,af,a bmÿkq Tyq b;d ÿIalr Ôú;hla
f.jQ wfhla f,i jd¾;d fjhs' 1990 § wNHdi,dNS
.=re m;aùula ,nd ;ud uQ,sl wOHdmkh ,enQ .d,af,a
YS% y¾oh nd,sld úÿyf,au b.ekaùu wdrïN lf<ah'
Tyqf.a wyUq >d;khg i;s lsysmhlg fmr f,aLKhg
Wkkaÿ Tyq úiska orejka ishhla muK iyNd.S lrjd
f.k <ud f,aLl jev uq¿jla o id¾:lj ixúOdkh
lr we;' 1993 uehs 1 jeksod tjlg ckdêm;sj isá
rKisxy fm%ua odi uy;d >d;kh l<" urdf.k uefrk
fndaïnhg yiqù ^fld<U urodk wdu¾ ùÈfha§& nrm;,
;=jd, ,enQ Tyq ie;alulgo Ndckh ùfuka miqj
fld<U uy frdayf,a yÈis wk;=re jdÜgqfõ§ uehs ui
02 jeksod urKhg m;a úh'
70
1994
ta iNd,sx.ï - f,aLl$ksoyia udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh 1994 uehs 01
fou< wr.,h f,aLK.; lsÍug mshjr .;a nqoê a u;=ka
w;r tla wfhla jk ta' iNd,sx.ï m%ùK f,aLlfhls'
1994 uehs ui 1 jeksod Tyq >d;kh lrkq ,enqfõ
meÍisfha§h' Ôú;drCIdj m;d YS% ,xldfjka m<d f.dia
Ôj;a jQ Tyqf.a >d;khg tfrysj ,kavka kqjr meje;s
Woa f >da I Khg tla ù is á fha iudc ls % h dldÍka "
nqoaêu;=ka" udOHfõ§ka yd f,aLl f,aÅldjkah' TjQyq
>d;kh iïnkaOfhka t,aààB hg fpdaokd lrñka
>d;lhka fidhd o~qjï lrk f,i b,a,d isáhy'
lekvdfõ m< fjk ;Hdh.ï iÕrdjg Tyq ,shQ ,sms
>d;khg fya;= jkakg we;s njg u; m< úh' Tyq
,shd we;s wjika ,smsfha B,dï jHdmdrfha uq,a wjÈh
.ek iy m%Ndlrkaf.a N+ñldj .ek ;shK q q m%Yk
a folla
u;= lr ;snQ nj lshefõ' ;Hdh.ï iÕrdj t,aààBh
;Èka úfõpkh l< iÕrdjls' tfyhska wjia:d
lsysmhl§u thgo ;¾ck t,a, ù we;'
1973 § furgqj lgqneoao úYaj úoHd,fha bxðfkare
YsIHl=j isáh§ w;a wvx.=jg m;a jQ Tyq wkqrdOmqr iy
fnda.ïnr isr f.j,aj, isr .;j isg we;' fnda.ïnr
isr f.or§ tys fojeks ;Ügqfjka ìug jeà Tyqf.a
jï w; wysñ úh' b,[a[¾ fmarfjhs kï jQ" TULF
;reK foa Y md,k wxYfha ls % h dldßlhl= f,i
foa Y md,kh wdrïN lr we;' t,a à àBh wfkla
ixúOdk u¾okh l< miq fou< wr.,h ;= <
71
m%pKav;ajh j¾Okh jQ wdldrh .ek Tyq wjika
ld,fha fmd;la ,shñka isg we;' iaúiag¾,ka;fha
iy YS % ,xldfõ t,a à àB ls % h dldßka fofofkla
wd.ka;=lhska f,iska Tyqf.a ksjig meñK Tyqf.ka
f;a meka ix.%yhlao N=l;
a s ú| ìß| iy orejka fofokd
bÈßmsg§ Tyqg fjä ;nd mek f.dia we;'
fla'tia'rdcd ^40& - .=jkaúÿ,s ksfõol$ksYm
a dol
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1994 foieïn¾ 03
lsÍug odhl jQ nj jd¾;d jk w;r th BmSãmS
ixúOdkfha wkq.%yh hgf;a úldYkh jQjla nj
lshefõ' lhsÜiaj, msyá
s lfrhsk.¾ ys Wmka Tyq mÈxÑj
isáfha ìß| yd orejka iuÕ fld<U" fnd/,af,a msysá
ksjfiah'
1994 foieïn¾ 03 jeksod >d;kh lr oud .sh Tyqf.a
isrer fld<U" .d¨ uqjfodr msáh bÈßmsg nKavdrkdhl
ms<srej wNshi ;sî yuq ù we;' ta jk úg Tyqg jhi
40 la muK fõ hehs lshefõ'

lklr;akï YS%ialkaordcd fyaj;a fla' tia rdcd

fmardfoaksh úYaj úoHd,hg f;aÍ isáho .=jka úÿ,sfha
fiajh lsÍug we;s wdYdj ksid úYaj úoHd,h w;a yer
YS% ,xld .=jka úÿ,s ixia:dfõ fou< cd;sl fiajfha
ksfõolhl= jQ flfkls' tys iyk ksfõolhl= jQ Tyq
fou< fjf<| fiajfha iaÓr ksfõolhl= f,i m;aùï
,enqfõh' ta jk úg fou< wxYfha wxl tfla jev
igyka ks ¾ udKh lrka k d f,i m% i s o a ê hg m;a
uhs,ajdkïf.a jd¾;dj lvk ,oafoa Tyq úiska nj
m%lgh' jev igyka ks¾udKfha§ úYd, ckms%h;ajhla
,nd isá Tyq miqj iyk ksfõolhl= f,i jev lrñka
cd;sl Ñ;%mg ixia:dfõ m%pdrl ks,OdÍ ;k;=r Ndr
f.k we;' /lshdfjka bj;a fkdù yÈisfha bkaÈhdjg
.sh Tyq tjlg bkaÈhdfõ isá YS% ,dxlsl fou<
foaYmd,k lKavdhïj, fõÈldj, ksfõok lghq;=
l< nj o iuld,Sk ñ;=rkaf.ka ±k .kakg we;'

kej; ,xldjg meñKs Tyq" fla'tia rdcd kñka m%lg

ks¾udKd;aul .=jka úÿ,s jev igyka bÈßm;a lrkakd
f,i" .=jka úÿ,shg iïnkaO jqjo t;rï Wkkaÿjlska
lghq ; = lr ke;s nj jd¾;d fõ' ula l ,a l = r ,a
^ck;djf.a y~& kï ixjdod;aul jev igyk bÈßm;a

72 73

1995
lreKdr;ak imq;ka;%S ^52& - udOHfõ§
lsru mshfidau ^41& udOHfõ§
tâúka ùrisxy ^45& PdhdrEm udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh -1995 wfma%,a 29
is¿ñK bßod mqj;amf;a iu l¾;D lreKdr;ak
imq;ka;S%" tu mqj;amf;a ksfhdacH m%jD;a;s l¾;D lsru
mshfidau iy PdhdrEm Ys,m a S tâúka ùrisxy hk ;sfokd
1995 wfma%,a ui 29 jeksod tlgu >d;khg ,la jQfha
t,aààB h t,a, l< ñihs, m%ydrhlska Tjqka ;sfokd
.uka .;a weõfrda .=jka hdkh úkdY ù w¨ù hEu;a
iuÕh' Tjq k a ;s f okd hdmkh n,d hk udOH
ixpdrhg tlaù ;snqfKa Bg fmr hdmkfha§ úkdY ù
.sh m<uq weõfrda .=jka hdkhg isÿ jQ foa ms<sn|
.fõIKd;aul ,smh s la ,sùfï wjYH;dj ksidh' tfy;a
Tjqka ;sfokd ±ù w¿ lrñka fojeks weõfrda .=jka
hdkho úkdY úh'
m%lg udOHfõÈhl= jQ lreKdr;ak imq;ka;%S 1973 isg
is¿ñK mqj;amf;a fiajh l< flfkls' orejka
fofokl=f.a mshl= úh' lsru mshfidauo >d;kh jk
úg l=vd orejka fofofkl=f.a msfhla úh' tâúka
ùrisxy PdhdrEm udOHfõÈhdgo orejka fofofkl=
isáfhah'
74
tia' tia .fkaIms,aff, - .=jka úÿ,s udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1995 wf.daia;= 30
tia' tia' .fkaIms,aff, fou< .=jka úÿ,s Y%djl m%cdj
w;r ckms%h udOHfõÈhl= njg m;a jQfha zjrKs
hqrdkaZkñkah' Tyq .=jka úÿ,s Ys,amshl= muKla fkdj
oCI msgm;a rplfhl= o úh' ydiH kdgHj, oCI
Ys,amsfhl= jQ Tyq" ydiHh m%uqL lr.;a ffY,sshlska
iudch ;=< whqla;sh widOdrKh yd je/È ls%hd" l=,
fNaoh' oEjeÈ m%Yak" bvï m%Yakh yd m%foaYjdoh jeks
oE .ek úfõpkhg ,la l< wfhls' <uhska i|yd
ydiH ckl kdgH ishhla muK ,shd ;snQ nj jd¾;d
fõ'
hdmkfha fldälduï m%foaYfha jrKs kï .fï Wmka
Tyq fld<U urodfka Ôj;a fjñka ckms%h .=jka úÿ,s
Ys,msfhl= f,i lghq;= lrk w;ff¾ úfoaY /lshd
ksfhað; wdh;khla o mj;ajd f.k f.dia we;' 1995
wf.daia;= 30 jeksod rd;s%fha§ Tyqg fjä ;nd >d;kh
l< w;r th t,aààBh úiska l< tlla njg jd¾;d
úh' YS% ,xld .=jka úÿ,s ixia:dfõ fou< .=jka úÿ,s
fiajdj uÕska t,aààBh úfõpkh lrñka l< jev
igyka thg fya;= jkakg we;s njg woyia m< úh'
ìß| iy tla ÈhKshla fld<U Ôj;a jQ w;r jrKs
.fï Ôj;a jQ ÈhKshg mshdf.a wjuÕ=,g iyNd.S ùu
i|yd fld<U meñKSug t,a'à'à'Bfha wjir ,eî ke;'
tfyhska Tyqf.a urKh ±k .;a hdmkfha l,d lrejka
f,aLl f,aÅldjka lsisfjla ÈhKshf.a ksjig f.dia
fYdalh m%ldY lrkakg fyda tu Èkj, ìh ù we;s
nj jd¾;d fõ'
75
1996
iq§m mQ¾Kð;a ^30&- msgq ie,iqï Ys,m
a S iy ldgQka
Ys,m
a S
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1996 cQ,s 28
f,alayjqia mqj;am;a wdh;kfha kjhq.h mqj;amf;a
msgq ie,iqï" Ñ;% iy ldgQka Ys,amshl= f,i fiajh l<
iq § m mQ ¾ Kð;a ;reK wújdylhl= úh' mdkÿr
k.rdikakfha Ôj;a jQ Tyq Èkm;d jevg hk tk
ÿïßh ;=< mqmqrd .sh fndaïnhlska >d;khg ,la úh'
1996 cQ,s ui 28 jeksodo iqmqreÿ f,i fiajh wjika
lr fld<U fldgqfjka ÿïßhg f.dvjQ iq§m mQ¾Kð;a
iuÕ Ôú; /ila ì,s .ksñka ÿïßh ;=< fndaïnh
mqmqrd .sfha foysj, m%foaYfha§h' iq§m cd;Hka;r
lS¾;shg m;a uqoaor ks¾udK Ys,amsfhl= o úh'
lkaohshd .fÊkaøka ^30&- udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh -1996 Tlaf;dan¾ 26
z.ckaZ kñka m%lg lkaohshd .fÊkaøka meÍisfha§ m<
jk B,uqriq i;s wka; mqj;a mf;a l¾;Djrhd f,i
lghq;= lrñka isáfhah' th t,aààB ys;jd§ mqj;am;la
f,i ie,fla' meÍisfha W;=re m<df;a ,diífn,a
Èia;s%lalfha§ lkaohshd .fÊkaøka fjä ;nd >d;kh
lr we;' tu wjia:dfõ t,aààBfha cd;Hka;r wruqo,a
wxYfha iNdm;s jQ lkakohshd fmßïnkdoka o Tyq
iuÕ isá nj jd¾;d jk w;r fofokdu >d;khg
,la ù we;' t,aààB úfrdaë lKavdhula úiska >d;kh
lrkakg we;s njg iel flßK'
76
1997
;sreKdjqlriq ;¾u,sx.ï - mqj;am;a wf<ú
ksfhdað;
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1997 Tlaf;dan¾ 03
fmd;a idmamq ysñfhla jQ ;sreKdjqlriq ;¾u,sx.ï
^O¾u,sx.ï& mqj;am;a wf<ú ksfhdað;jrfhlao úh'
idu úksiqrejrhl= jQ w;r hdmkfha YS% ,xld ksoyia
mCI ixúOdhlfhlao úh' 1997 iema;eïn¾ 03 jeksod
rd;S% 8'30 g muK l=mm
a s ,dïmq t<sfhka rd;S% lEu lñka
isá Tyq fj; cfka,fhka fjä myla t,a, fldg
>d;lfhda m<d .shy' yuqod md,kh hgf;a meje;s
fldf,dïnq;=f¾ ksjig meñK l< fuu >d;kh
yuqodj iuÕ isák fou< lKavdhula úiska lrkakg
we;s njg yuqodjo iel lr we;;a" miqj th t,aààB
>d;khla nj fmd,sia mÍCIKj,ska wkdjrKh lr
.;a nj jd¾;d úh' tu jd¾;dj,g wkqj
n,y;a l drfhka fhdojd .;a fnda Ü gq j l ke.S
fldf<dïnq.ï fjr<g wd t,aààB ;=jlal=lrejka
wod, ld¾hd,fha ys;j;l= ,jd m%foaYfha úÿ,s n,h
úikaê lrjd f.k ;¾u,sx.ï uy;df.a ksjig meñK
cfka,fhka fjä ;nd m<d f.dia we;'
77

1998
iYS ls%IaKl=ud¾ - ksoyia udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1998 iema;eïn¾ 29
oyj,a 1'40 g muK mqmrd hEu;a iuÕ Tyqo ±ù w¿ ù
.sfhah' tys isá ld¾h uKav,fha ;sfokd yer Tyq
we;=¿ wfkla 49 fokdu idudkH fou< isú,a jeishka
jQy' t,aààB h brKuvq m%foaYfha isg t,a, lrk ,o
ñihs, m%ydrhlska tu úkdYh isÿ úh'

fmardfoksh úYaj úoHd,fha WmdêOdrhl= jQ iYS

ls % I a K l= u d¾ hdmkfha ;,a ixj¾Ok uKa v ,fha
ks,Odrshl= f,i lghq;= lrk w;f¾ mqj;am;a iÕrd
/ilg ksoyia udOHfõÈhl= f,i ,sms ,shd we;'
B,kdvq" ùrflaiÍ" ;sklrka jeks mqj;am;a ta w;r
m%Odkh' Ñ;%mg yd fjk;a l,d ks¾udK ms<sn| úpdr
,sùu Tyq jeä jYfhka ms%h l< w;r hdmkfha isÿjk
udkj ysñlï W,a,x>Khka ms<sn| wod, wxY fj;
f;dr;=re ,nd §uo Tyq úiska lr we;' hql; a h
s mqj;amf;a
m<jQ wi,ajeishdf.a Èkfmd; i|yd hdmkfha ck
Ôú;hg isÿjk úkdYhka ms<n s | f;dr;=re iemhQ m%n,
ryis.; f;dr;=re uQ,dY%hla jQfhao Tyqh' Ñ;%mg .ek
úfYaI Wkkaÿjla ±lajQ Tyq hdmkh úYaj úoHd,fha
Ñ;%mg wOHhk ljh msysgq jkakg mqfrda.dó úh'
f,aiag¾ fÊïia mSßia" jika; Tfífialr" O¾ufiak
m;srdcd jeks YS% ,xldfõ m%uqL fmf<a
ks¾udKlrejkaf.a Ñ;%mg hdmkhg f.kajd tjd
m%o¾Ykh fldg ta ms<sn| ri úkaokd;aul l;sldjka
f.dv ke.Sug fmruqK .;a wh w;r Tyq m%uqL úh'

/ia lr.;a f;dr;=re /ila o iuÕ 1998 iema;eïn¾

29 jeksod hdmkfha m,d,s .=jka f;dgqmf<ka ,hka
th¾ .=jka hdkhg Tyq f.dvjQfha fld<Ug meñKSu
i|ydh' tÈk oyj,a .=jka .; jQ tu .=jka hdkh

78 79

1999
frdayK l=udr - udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1999 iema;eïn¾ 07
háhkaf;dg m%foaYfha .fkam,a, .fï Wmka frdayK
l=udr uq,ks a l,djg ,eÈ mqo.
a ,fhla úh' zird.S isyk
s hZ
kñka fõÈld kdgHhla .fï ñ;=rka iuÕ tl;=j
ks¾udKh l< Tyqg wd¾Ól wmyiqlï ksid l,dj w;
yer fld<U tkakg isÿ úh' l=vd mqj;am;a lsysmhl
flá l,la fiajh l< Tyq miqj z.skaorZ iy zigkZ
jeks mqj;am;aj, l;=jrhd f,i lghq;= lf<ah' Tyqf.a
fuu mqj;am;a l,dj yeu úgu m%Odk foaYmd,k
Odrdfõ me;a;la .;a" wfkla me;a; iïnkaOfhka
oreKq" f;dr;=re u; mokï fkdjQ fukau m%fldamldÍ
úfõpk t,a, lrk mqj;am;a l,djlao úh' .egqï
wjq¿jk iq¿" ffjÍ NdId Ndú;h .ek fCIa;%fha
t;rï m%idohla ;sn s f
q Ka ke;' wjika jrg l¾;D OQrh
±rE igk mqj;am; yryd Tyq uq,§ ±ä f,i iyfhda.h
±lajQ ckdêm;skS pkaÈ%ld l=udr;=x.g ±ä f,i myr
.iñka lghq;= lr we;' 1999 iema;eïn¾ 07 jeksod
rd;S% 10'00 g muK ;S% frdao r:hl ke.S kqf.af.dv
ñßydfka Tyq mÈxÑ ksjig hk úg ksji wdikakfha
/l isá >d;lhska fjä ;nd Tyqj >d;kh lf<ah'
fgdfhdgd j¾.fha ld¾ follska >d;lhska meñK
we;' >d;kh l< nj miqj ms<. s ;a ;dr wð;a keue;a;d
w;awvx.=jg .kakd úg isáfha ckdêm;s wdrCIl
wxYfha fiajh l< neoao.dfka ixÔj keue;a;df.a
neoao.fka ¥j mdf¾ ksjfiah' ;dr wð;a iy miqj
neoao.dfka ixÔj o >d;khg ,la ùfuka frdayK
80
l= u dr >d;kfha ryio je<,S .s f ha h ' ;reK
újdylfhla jQ Tyqf.a ìß|g Tyqf.a >d;kfhka miq
urK ;¾ck t,a, ùu ksid rg yer hkakg isÿ úh'
woanqordcd kvrdcd ^rfïIa& ^38&- udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1999 fkdjeïn¾ 02
B<dï uyck m%cd;ka;%jd§ mCIh ^EPDP& úiska
m%ldYhg m;a lrk ;skuqriq mqj;amf;a l¾;Djrhd jQ
woanqordcd kvrdcd m%isoaO jQfha rfïIa hk kñkah'
Tyq hdmkh Èia;s%lalfha ysgmq uka;S%jrfhlao ^EPDP&
úh' 1999 fkdjeïn¾ ui 02 od" fld<U je,a,j;a;
ÿïßh fmd< wi,§ oyj,a Tyq .uka .;a jdykh jglr
fjä ;nd Tyqj >d;kh lrk ,§' ;skuqriq mqj;am;
;ukag n,j;a ;¾ckhla f,i ie,l+ t,aààBh
rfïIaf.a >d;kh l< njg m%p,s; úh' tfy;a oyj,a
tu >d;kh isÿ lr we;s wdldrh .ek fkdfhl=;a
iel u;= úh' ;skuqriq mqj;am; ta jk úg BmSãmS
ixúOdkfha jqjukdjka fkdi,ld lghq;= lsÍu .ek
mCI kdhl;ajh yd l¾;Djrhd w;r wNHka;r u;
.egqula ;snQ njgo wkdjrKh úh' tfyhska fuh
wNHka;r >d;khla úh yels njgo iel flßK'
Tyqf.a .u hdmkhhs'
wkqr ms%hka; l=f¾ - wdf,dallrK Ys,amS
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1999 foieïn¾ 18
fld<U Èia;l%s l
a fha rdc.sßh m%foaYfha l<m¿jdj .fï
Ôj;a jQ wkqr ms%hka; l=f¾ tla ÈhKshlf.a ;reK
msfhl= úh' iajdëk rEmjdyskS fiajfha wdf,dalrK
81
Ys,amsfhl= f,i lghq;= l< Tyq >d;khg ,la jQfha
1999 foieïn¾ 18 jeks Èk fld<U k.r iNd msáfha
meje;s ckdêm;sjrK wjika m%pdrl /<sh ^ta jk
úg n,fha isá fmdÿ ck tlai;a fmruqfKa& jd¾;d
lrñka isáh§ urdf.k uefrk fndaïnldßhl úiska
mqmr
q ejd .;a fndaïnhg f.dÿre ùu ksidh' tÈk rd;sf
% ha
tu fmruqfKa ckdêm;s wfmaCIsldj b,lal lr mqmqrd
.sh tu urdf.k uefrK fndaïnhg f.dÿrej 13 la
ñh .sh w;r udOHfõ§ka lsysm fofkl= ;=jd, ,enQy'
pkaøl s d nKavdrkdhl l=udr;=x. ckdêm;skh s f.a tla
weila wysñ úh'
bkaÈl m;a;sksjiï - leurd iydhl
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1999 foieïn¾ 18
isri udOH cd,fha leurd iydhlhl= f,i fiajh
l< ;reK bkaaÈl m;a;sksjiï >d;khg ,la jQfhao
1999 foieïn¾ 18 Èk ckdêm;sjrK wjika m%pdrl
/<sfha§ ^ta jk úg n,fha isá fmdÿ ck tlai;a
fmruqfKa& mqmqrd .sh urdf.k uefrk fndaïnhg
f.dÿre ùfukah' fld<U Èia;s%lalfha" kqf.af.dv
m%foaYfha weUq,f
a oKsfha Ôj;a jQ Tyq mjqf,a tlu orejd
úh' Tyqo >d;khg ,la jk úg tla mqf;l=f.a ;reK
msfhl= úh'
neiaáhka wekagkS ußhodia - .=jka úÿ,s Ys,amS
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 1999 foieïn¾ 31
ßú/i fufyhqfuka miq hdmkh w¾Ooaùmh rcfha
md,kh hg;g .ekSfuka miq Y%S ,xld .=jka úÿ,s
ixia:dj wdrïN l< jdkïmdä .=jka úÿ,s úldYkfha
82
jõkshdj ld¾hd,fha ndysr Ys,amsfhl= f,i neiaáhka
wekagkS ußhodia lghq;= lrñka isáfhah' jõkshdfõ
;reKhl= jQ Tyq tys lf;da,sl m,a,shl ls%hdldÍ
;reKhl= úh' 2000 jir ms<s.ekSu i|yd uq¿ rgu
ieriqk 1999 foieïn¾ 31 jeksod rd;s%fha jdkïmdä
.=jka úÿ,sho iÔú úldYhla iQodkï lr ;snqKs' ta
i|yd f;dardf.k ;snf q Ka jõkshdfõ Ydka; wkaf;daks
foajia:dkhhs' ixúOdk lghq;= Ndrj isáfha ußhodiah'
jd,ïmdä fou< .=jka úÿ,s fiajfha md,l f,i
fld<U fiajh l< Ôjr;ak l=ud¾ o fld<U isg
jõkshdjg ijia jk úg meñKs isáfhah' ish¿
ixúOdk lghq;= wjika fldg fld<ôka meñKs
ks,Odßhd foajia:dkfha kj;d ksjig .sh ußhodia
tu ks,Odßhd fukau ghs máhlao me<| úldYk
lghq;= i|yd iQodkñka meñKsfhah' mQ¾j m%pdrhka
ksid foajia:dkhg úYd, msßilao meñK isg we;'
tÈk rd;S% 10'30 g muK meñKs ;=jlal=lrejka m,a,sh
fodrgqj wNshi § ußhodiaf.a lgg fjä ;nd >d;kh
lf<ah'
ta jk úg uvq foajia:dkhg t,a, l< fI,a m%ydrh
.ek l< jev igykla ksid t,aààB h jdkïmdä
.=jkaúÿ,s úldYkhg wk;=re wÕjd ;snQ njo m%p,s;
jQ w;r th t,aààB >d;khla f,i ms<s.ekSug ,la
úh' >d;kh lrkakg ie,iqï lr we;af;a fld<ôka
meñKs ks,Odßhd úh yels njg woyilao m< úh'
flfia jqj;a >d;khg ,la jQfha udOH i|yd fiajhla
lsÍug isá oCIlï we;s ;j;a ;reKfhls'
83

2000
fia,shka fmßkankdh.ï - f,aLl
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2000 iema;eïn¾ 10
uvl,mqj l,jxÑl=ä .fï jeishl= jQ fia,shka
fmßka n kdh.ï f,a l a y jq i a wdh;kfha ;s k lrka
mqj;amf;a ixialdrl uKav,fha udOHfõÈhl= f,i
l,la lghq;= lr we;' f,aLlfhls' 1994 jif¾ Tyq
bka bj;aj" fgf,da ixúOdkfhka m<d;a md,k
ue;sjrKhg bÈßm;a ù uvl,mqfõ k.rdêm;sjrhd
jYfhka m;a ù we;' miqj Tyq" YS% ,xld ksoyia mCIfhka
md¾,sfïka;= ue;sjrKhg bÈßm;a ùfï wfmaCIdfjka
lghq;= lr we;' ta iïnkaOfhka idlÉPd lsÍu i|yd
kshñ; jQ" 2000 iema;eïn¾ ui 10 jeks Èk uvl,mqfõ
isg lsf,da óg¾ 38 la muK wE;ska msysá wïmdr
Èia;s%lalfha fjr< ;Srfha msysá l,auqfKa" mdKaäßmamq
.fï msysá ;u ñ;%hl= jQ mCI ixúOdhljrhl=f.a
ksjig f.dia we;' Tyqg fjä ;nd >d;kh lr we;af;a
tÈk tys§h' ñ;=rd jQ tia ufkdayrkams,af,ao Tyq
iuÕ >d;khg ,la úh' th t,aààBh úiska l<
>d;khla f,i ms<s.ekqKs' k.rdêm;s f,i lghq;=
l< ld,fhka miq l%udkql+,j fkdjqK;a"
fmßïnkdh.ï yels úg iy YS% ,xld .=jka úÿ,s
ixia:djg jd¾;d iemhSu l< m%dfoaYSh udOHfõÈfhla
f,i i|yka fõ' kef.kysr ,xld ckudOH ix.ufha
^East Lanka Journalists Association& iNdm;s f,io
lghq;= lr we;' Tyq wLKavj wkkH ù we;af;a
f,aLlfhka f,ih' 1983 kef.kysr m<d; úkdY
lrñka yud .sh iq<s iq<Õ wdY%fhka Tyq l< lD;sh
fCIa;%h ;=< m%lg ù we;' ;j;a l=vd m%ldYk lsysmhla
m< lr we;s nj jd¾;d fõ'
84
ta' tï ksyu;=,a,d - udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2000 iema;eïn¾ 16
l,auqfKa m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdYfha urouqK 3
.%dufha mÈxÑj isá ta' tï ksyu;=,a,d ;sklrka
mqj;amf;a l,auqfKa jd¾;dlre f,i lghq;= lr we;'
>d;kh ùug jir follg fmr isg Tyq wud;H ta'
tÉ' tï' wIafrd*a wud;Hjrhdf.a udOH f,alï
;k;=f¾ lghq;= lrñka isáfhah' tu ld,h ;=<o
wLKavj Tyq ;sklrka mqj;am;g jd¾;dlrK lghq;=
lr we;' úfYaI jYfhka Tyq lS%vd jd¾;dlrKh lr
we;' 2000 jif¾ iema;eïn¾ 16 jeks Èk wIafrd*a
wud;Hjrhd we;=¿ msßi >d;kh lrñka úkdYhg
m;a jQ fy,s f ldma g ¾ hdkfha ks y u;= , a , d udOH
f,alï$udOHfõÈhdo .uka lr we;' tfia >d;khg
,la jk úg jhi 40 l muK jQ újdylfhla jQ Tyq
ÈhKshka fofofkl=f.a msfhla úh'
uhs,ajdykï ksu,rdcka ^39&- udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2000 Tlaf;dan¾ 19
hdmkfha Wmka uhs,ja dykï ksu,rdcka ol=fKa isxy,
NdId udOHfõ§ka iuÕ b;d lsÜgq iïnkaO;d f.dv
k.d f.k lghq;= l< udOHfõÈhls' ol=fKa udOH
ñ;=rka Tyq ye¢kajQfha zksuf,aZ hk kñkah' isxy,
fou< NdId foflkau udOH lghq;= lf<ah' î î iS
ixfoaYh ^isxy,& yd fou< fiajd i|yd;a" rdjh"
ùrflaiÍ" iQ¾hhka t*a'tï udOH wdh;k i|yd;a
hdmkh jd¾;dlre f,i l,l isgu lghq;= lf<ah'
;ud jd¾;d l< wdh;kj,g muKla fkdj wjYH
´kEu flfkl=g Tyq fyd| f;dr;=re uQ,dY%hla úh'
85
tfukau" hdmkfha isÿ jk foa t;rï l%udkql+,j
f,djg fy<s l< ks¾NS; udOHfõÈhd Tyq f,i
ie,ls K ' È.= ld,S k hq o a O hls k a mS v d ú¢ fou<
ck;djf.a .eg¿ fukau hqoaOfha ieÕjqKq ryia o
fy<sorõ lrkakg Tyq ks¾NS; úh' W;=f¾
ckudOHfõ§kaf.a ix.ufha f,alï jQ Tyq ksfj;d"
ksYdka;s" ks,d hk orejka ;sfokdf.a mshd úh'
2000 jif¾ Tlaf;dan¾ ui 19 jeksod rd;s%fha ;u
ksjfia ldurhl fïihla bÈßmsg m%jD;a;shla ,shñka
isáh§ meñKs >d;lhka cfka,fhka Tyqg fjä ;nd
ksjig fndaïnhla oud .id m<d f.dia we;' ksu,rdcka
frday,g f.k hk w;f¾ ñh .sh w;r fndaïn
m%ydrfhka Tyqf.a uj" mshd iy ksjfia isá {d;s mq;h
% l=
;=jd, ,enQy' rcfha md,kh hgf;a mj;sk ±ä wdrCIl
l<dmhla jk hdmkh k.rfha msysá Tyqf.a ksjfia§
l< fuu >d;kh iy fndaïn m%ydrh .ek fpdaokdj
t,a, jQfha rchgh' rcfha yuqod iuÕ lghq;= lrk
BmSãmS ixúOdkhg tu fpdaokdj iDcqju b,lal úh'
BmSãmS kdhl v.a,ia foajdkkao >d;kh
idOdrKSlrKh lrkakg W;aidh .;af;ah' rcfha
udOH yrydo ksu,rdcka fldá T;a;=lrejl= f,i
y÷kajkakg lghq;= lf<ah' Tyqf.a >d;kfhka miq
ìß| orejka rg yer f.dia we;'
86
2004
whshd;=f¾ Ô kfâika ^49&- udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2004 uehs 31
hdmkfha lrfjâä .fï Wmka whshd;=f¾ kfâika
újdyfhka miq ìß|f.a .u jQ uvl,mqfõ mÈxÑhg
meñK we;' uvl,mqj f,ala mdf¾ Tyqf.a ksji msysgd
;snqKs' cd;sl mqj;am;la jQ ùrflaiÍ mqj;amf;a
uvl,mqj jd¾;dlre f,i lghq;= l< Tyq m%jD;a;s
muKla fkdj foa Y md,k ú.% y hka o ,s h Q m% ù K
udOHfõÈfhls' udOHlrejl= f,i Tyq Ndú;d lf<a
Ô kfâika hk kuhs' Ô wl=r ìß|f.a kfï wl=rla
nj lshefõ' Tyq orejka y;r fofkl=f.a msfhla úh'
jD;a;sfhka Tyq foaYSh wdodhï nÿ fomd¾;fïka;=fõ
fcHIaG ks,Odßhl= úh' 2004 uehs 31 jeksod Wfoa ish
h;=re meÈfha ke.S /lshdj i|yd .sh Tyq ld¾hd,hg
óg¾ 200 la muK kqÿßka we;s uvl,mqj nd¾ mdf¾"
mqj;am;a wf<ú if,ka ùrflaiÍ mqj;a m;la ñ, È
f.k wdmiq hk úg h;=re meÈhlska meñKs >d;lhka
Tyqg fjä ;nd >d;kh fldg m<d f.dia we;' fjä
y;rla ;nd we;' YS% ,xld fou< udOHfõ§kaf.a
ix.ufha lñgq idudðlhl= jQ Tyq kef.kys r
udOHfõ§kaf.a ix.ufha Wm iNdm;s f,i lghq;=
lf<ah' f,aLlhl= jQ Tyq W;=re kef.kysr idys;H
welvï iïudkho Èkd we;' tfukau 2000 jif¾§" YS%
,xld l¾;D ixiofha udOHfõ§ úYsIaG;d iïudk
Wf<f,a§ fyd|u fou< udOHfõÈhdg ysñ iïudkho
Èkd .;a udOHfõÈfhls'
87
lkaoidñ whsh¾ nd, kvrdÊ ^48&- f,aLl
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2004 wf.daia;= 16
znd,dZ kñka m%lg lkaoidñ whsh¾ nd, kvrdÊ flá
l;d fmd;a lsyms hla m< l< ks¾udKd;aul f,aLlhl=
fukau ksoyia udOHfõÈhl= o úh' Tyq mqj;am;a j,g
,shkakg mgka f.k we;af;a t,aààB mqj;am;la jQ
úvqof,hs mq,sy,a mqj;am;g ,sùfuks' hdmkfha Wmka
Tyq Wreïmsrdhs yskaÿ úoHd,fha YsIHfhlaj isáh§
Bfrdaia ixúOdkhg ne£ miqj t,aààB idudðlfhla
f,i lghq;= lr we;' hdmkfha n%dyauK mjq,l Wmka
Tyq yskaÿ mQcljrhl= ùug ;snQ wjia:dj uÕ yer ish
iudcfha wysñ whs;sjdislï fjkqfjka foaYmd,k
ls%hdldßlhl= fjñka ta i|yd iqÿiq ;eka fidhd .sh
.ufka tla mshjrla f,i t,aààBhg o ne£ we;'
jdudxYsl keUqrejlska is;+ Tyqg flá l,lskau bka
bj;a jkakg isÿ úh' tfia bj;aj Ôú;h /l .ekSu
ÿIalr neúka Tyqg b;d ryis.;j" fndfyda l,la ÿIalr
Ôú;hla f.jkakg isÿ ù we;' 2000 jif¾§ fld<Ug
meñK B,dï m%cd;ka;%jd§ uyck mCIhg ^BmSãmS
ixúOdkhg& ne§ tys udOH m%ldYl f,i fukau tu
mCIfha mqj;am; jk ;skuqreiq mqj;amf;a udOHfõÈhl=
f,i o lghq;= lf<ah' udOHfõÈhl= f,i Tyq kï
lsysmhla Ndú;d lr we;s w;r kHdhsl ;,fha ,sms
i|yd jeä jYfhka Ndú;d lr we;af;a zwïì u.,aZ
^wïìf.a mq;d& hk wkaj¾: kuhs' brdhrdka hk
wkaj¾: kuo Ndú;d lr we;'
2004 wf.daia;= 16 jeksod WoEik BmSãmS ld¾hd,hg
hEu i|yd ksjiska msg;aj hk úg je,a,j;af;a§ h;=re
meÈhlska meñKs >d;lhska fofofkla fjä ;nd Tyqj
>d;lh lr m<d .s h y' th t,a à àB úis k a l<
>d;khla f,i ms<s.ekSug ,la úh'
88
,xld chiqko
a r - PdhdrEm udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2004 foieïn¾ 11
úch mqj;am;a iuQyfha ,xld§m" úch" isßl; iy
;reKhd mqj;am;am, PdhdrEm udOHfõÈhl= f,i
lghq;= l< ;reKhl= jQ ,xld chiqkaor >d;khg
,la jQfha fld<U meje;s ix.S; m%ix.hla jd¾;d lsÍñka
isáh§ t,a, jQ fndaïn m%ydrhlg f.dÿre ùu ksidh'
iqmsß bkaÈhdkq k¿ Idrela Ldka iyNd.S jQ ±jeka;
ix.S; m%ix.hg ±lajQ úfrdaOhl m%;sM, f,i tu
m%ix.h meje;afjoa§ fndaïn m%ydrh t,a, úh' m%Odk
fmf<a udOH wdh;khla jQ isri udOH cd,h úiska
th ixúOdkh lr ;snqKs' wmj;a jQ ckms%h NsCIqka
jykkafia kula jQ fidau ysñhkaf.a f;uia iurej
fhÿkq Èk m%ix.h meje;aùu úfrdaOhg fya;j = hs' Èkh
fjkia lrk f,i wka;jd§ msßia fj;ska b,a,Sï
flreKo jirl muK l,la ;siafia ixúOdkh lr
ish¨ lghq;= ksujd ;snQ m%ix.h l,a ±óu l< fkdyels
lghq;; a la nj ixúOdhlhska lreKq bÈßm;a lr ;snK q 's
m%ix.h meje;ajQ ;=rÕ ;rÕ msáfha úYd, ckldh
fj; t,a, jQ fndaïn m%ydrfhka fofofkla ñh .sh
w;r bka tla wfhla jQfha udOHfõ§ ,xld chiqkoa rhs'
jhi 22 l ;reKfhla jQ Tyq ylauk" uqre;msáh
by,j;af;a mÈxÑj isá wfhls'
89

2005
O¾ur;akï isjrdï - udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2005 wfma%,a 28
udOHfõÈhl= f,i bx.S%is iy fou< NdId foflkau
tlfia oCI f,i lghq;= l< O¾ur;akï isjrdï ish
udOH lghq;= i|yd Ndú;d lf<a z;rdlsZ hk kuhs'
udOH fCIa;%h ;=< ;rdls úiska ,shk ,o foaYmd,k
;Sre ,sms úfYaIfhka wjOdkhg ,la úh' 1989 isg zÈ
whs,kaâZ mqj;am;g ;rdls kñka wdrCIl f;dr;=re
úYaf,aIKhka ,shQ Tyq >d;khg ,la jk úg lghq;=
lrñka isáfha fâ,s ñr¾ mqj;amf;a foaYmd,k ;Sre
,sms rplhl= f,ihs' tfukau ùrflaiÍ jeks fou<
udOH mqj;am;aj,go ,shQ Tyq" 1998 wdrïN l< geñ,a
fkÜ fjí wvúfha l¾;Djrhd f,i lghq;= lrñka
isáfhah'
wú.;a lKavdhula n,y;aldrfhka Tjqka meñKs
jdykhg weo oud f.k Tyqj f.k hkq ,enqfõ" 2005
wfma%,a ui 27 jeksod rd;s% 10'30 g muK fld<U
nïn,msáfha wjkay,lska ñ;=rl= iuÕ msg;g meñKs
wjia:dfõ§h' nïn,msáh fmd,Sish msysgd ;snqfKa
isoaêh jQ ia:dkh bÈßmsgh' miqod WoEik ysig myr §
fjä ;nd >d;kh lr ;snQ Tyqf.a isrer wê wdrCIl
l<dmhla jQ fld<U md¾,sfïka;= ixlS¾Kh wi, cmka
ñ;%;aj mdf¾ Èhjkakd Th wi, mÿrla wi, ;sî yuq
úh' >d;kh ms<sn| j.lSu rch fj; mejreK w;r
th rcfha wdrCIdj ,nk fou< foa Y dmd,k
lKavdhula fj; t,a, úh'
90
kef.kysr m<df;a uvl,mqfõ bmso wOHdmkh ,enQ
Tyq fmardfoKsh úYaj úoHd,fha udkj Ydia;% mSGhg
^bx.S%is udOH& we;=<;a jqjo jir follska wOHdmkh
w;r uÕ k;r fldg úYaj úoHd,h yer f.dia we;'
Tyq f .a ÈhKs h ka fofofkd iy mq ; = iuÕ ìß|
fhda.rdðkS Tyqf.a >d;kfhka miq rg yer .shdh' l<
udOH fufyjr ksid i.hskaf.a;a ck;dj w;r;a
f.!rjhg m;a jQ udOHfõÈhdg msßkuk úfYaI
iïudkh 2006 jir i|yd úYsIaGhka we.ehSfï l¾;D
ixio iïudk Wf<f,aoS >d;kh jQ isjrdï fjkqfjka
msßkeñK'
lkakuq;a;= w¾il=ud¾ ^36&- udOH fiajl
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2005 cQks 29
fndî kñka m%foaYjdiSka w;r m%lg lkakuq;a;=
w¾il=ud¾ mqj;am;a wf<ú ksfhdað;jrfhla f,i
lghq;= l< wfhls' ta jk úg t,aààB md,k m%foaYhla
jQ uvl,mq j " fldla l äfpda f ,hs is g wïmdr
Èia;s%lalfha wlalfrhsm;a;= m%foaYh olajd mqj;am;a
fnod yeÍu lrk ,oafoao Tyq úisks' Tyq lghq;= l<
mqj;am; jQfha uvl,mqfõ isg m%ldYhg m;a l<
t,aààB mqj;am;la jQ B,kdoï mqj;am;hs' uvl,mqfõ§
tu mqj;am; m%ldYhg m;a lsÍu wdrïN lrk ,oafoa
2002 fmnrjdß ui tjlg meje;s rch yd t,aààBh
w;r wjfndaO;d .súiqu w;aika l< miqjh' Èklg
mqj;am;a 5000 la muK wf<ú jQ nj jd¾;d úh'
2005 cQks ui 29 jeksod iqmqreÿ mßÈ mdkaor h;=re
meÈfhka f.dia mqj;am; fnod yer wlalfrhsm;a;=
m%foaYfha isg wdmiq tkúg WoEik 8'40 g muK
91

l,aufq Ka ugqfmd< m%foaYfha§ ^wïmdr Èia;l
%s l
a h& Tyqg
fjä ;nd >d;kh lr we;' fndî fyj;a lkakuq;a;=
w¾il=ud¾ uvl,mqj fldlalläfjdaf,hs m%foaYfha
úfõldkkao mqrïyS ;=kajeks yria ùÈfha mÈxÑj isá
;sore msfhls'
f¾,ka.S fi,ajrdcd ^45& - udOHfõÈkS
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2005 wf.daia;= 12
f¾,ka.S fi,ajrdcd hdmkfha bm§ l,dj yd udOH
i|yd we;s ,eÈhdj fukau yelshdj ksid YS% ,xldfõ
m%Odk;u yd merKs;u rdcH udOH wdh;khla jQ YS%
,xld .=jkaúÿ,s ixia:dfõ udOHfõÈkshla f,i È.=
l,la lghq;= l<dh' hdmkfha nia kej;=ï mf<ys
ksfõok lghq;=j,ska ksfõol Ôú;h wrUd we;s weh
rx.k Ys,amskshla f,i fou< Ñ;%mgj, rÕ md we;'
1978 YS% ,dxlsl fou< Ñ;%mghl weh rÕ mE pß;h
fyd|u ks,sh i|yd ks¾foaYj ;sî we;' jir 2000
olajd YS% ,xld .=jka úÿ,s ixia:dfõ fou< fiajfha
fcHIaG ksfõÈldjl f,i lghq;= l< weh tys iaÓr
ld¾h uKav,fhka bj;a ù iyk ksfõoldjl f,i
lghq;= lrñka ;ukaf.au jHdmdrhla wdrïN lr we;'
rEmjdyskf s ha fou< udOH ksoyia uOHfõÈkshl f,io
lghq;= lrñka iEu bßodu WoEik bÈßm;a lrk zWoh
o¾YkïZ kï jev igyk bÈßm;a lf<a weh úisks'
weh iy wef.a ieñhd úiska mj;ajd f.k .sh fld<U
nïn,msáfha msysá zlsxfrdaia g%ej,a i¾úiaZ kï úfoaY
/lshd ksfhdað; wdh;kfha§ 2005 wf.daia;= ui 12
jeksod oyj,a 1'00 g muK wehj fjä ;nd >d;kh
lrk ,§' msiaf;da,lrejka úiska l< tu >d;kfha§
weh iuÕ wehf.a ieñhd jQ tia' fi,ajrdcd o >d;kh
92
lrk ,§' fuu >d;kh t,aààBh úiska l< >d;khla
f,i ie,lSug idCIs f,i" weh úiska bÈßm;a l<
.=jka úÿ,s iy rEmjdyskS jev igyka .ek i|yka
úh' >d;lhska Tjqka fofokd y÷kk wh úh yels
neúka fofokdj tlg >d;kh lrkakg we;s njg
ielhlao u;= úh' tfukau" wehf.a ieñhd maf,dÜ
idudðlfhla ùu >d;khg fya;=jla úh yels njgo
ielhla fjhs'
ã fi,ajr;akï ^60&- udOH fiajl
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2005 wf.daia;= 29
fâúâ fi,ajr;akï iqvfrda,s mqj;am;a ld¾hd,fha
wdrCIl ks,Odßhl= f,i fiajh l< wfhls' 2005
wf.daia;= ui 26 jeksod iji 6' 10 g muK ld¾hd,
fj; oud .eiQ w;a fndaïn m%ydrhlska Tyq >d;khg
,la úh' fld<U .%Ekaâmdia m%foaYfha msysá fuu
mqj;am;a ld¾hd,hg fndaïn .eiSu" fou<
udOHfõ§kag yd udOH wdh;kj,g ysßyer lsÍfï
;j;a tla wjia:djla jQ w;r ielh t,a, jQfha rdcH
wkq.y
% h iys; md¾Yajhka fj;h' fuu m%ydrfha§ jdyk
;=klg w,dN ydks jQ w;r wdh;kfha fiajlhska
fofofkla iy msg;ska meñK isá udOHfõÈhl= o
;=jd, ,enQy'
fhda.l=ud¾ ls%IaKms,aff, - udOH fiajl
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2005 iema;eïn¾ 30
uvl,mqfõ isg m<jQ B,kdoka mqj;amf;a
fnodyßkafkl= jQ fhda.l=ud¾ lsI
% K
a ms,f
a f, >d;khg
,la ù we;af;a rcfha yuqod wdrCIdj hgf;a meje;s
uvl,mqj k.rfha§h' 2005 iema;eïn¾ 30 jeksod
93
mqj;am; fnod yßñka isá Tyqj fjä ;nd >d;kh 1965 jif¾ § l,auqfKa m%foaYfha keÜmsÜáuqfKhs
fldg we;' t,aààB ys;jd§ mqj;am;la f,i ie,flk .fï Wmka Tyq >d;kh jk úg l= v d orejka
B,kdoka mqj;am; uvl,mqfõ§ m%ldY lsÍug mgka fofofkl=f.a msfhls'
f.k we;af;a rch yd t,aààBh w;r igka úrdu
.súiqu w;aika l< miqjh' fhda.l=ud¾g fmr tu fla kjr;akï ^45& - udOH fiajl
mqj;am; fnod yßñka isá w¾il=ud¾ keue;a;do wïmdr >d;kh jQ Èkh - 2005 foieïn¾ 23
Èia;s%lalfha§ ta wdldrfhkau >d;kh fldg ;sìK'
hdmkfha hd,a ;sklal=r,a mqj;am; wf<ú lrkafkla
jQ ^fla& ls%IaKka kjr;akï 2005 foieïn¾ 23 jeksod
ta' t,a' tï' *,S,a ^keÜmsÜáuqfkhs *,S,a& ^40&- mdkaor 5'30g muK >d;khg ,la jQfha mqj;am;a
f,aLl /f.k hEug tk úg mqj;am;a ld¾hd,h bÈßmsg§h'
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2005 foieïn¾ 02 Tyq ksjdi ixj¾Ok wêldßfha fiajlhl= jQ w;r
1996 § hdmkfhka wj;ekaj jkakshg f.dia jir
rcfha mßmd,k ks,Odrshl= f,i ta ' t,a' tï' *,S,a lsysmhla Ôj;a jkakg isÿ ùu ksid /lshdj wysñ ù
jQ Tyq" idys;H yd udOH fCIa;%h ;=< m%lg jQfha we;' 2002 jif¾ wdmiq hdmkhg meñKs Tyq mqj;am;a
zkeÜmsÜáuqfkhs *,S,aZ hk kfuks' jD;a;sfhka wf<úh mgka f.k we;' hdmkfha mQnd,isxyï fmd;a
uvl,mqj ld;a;kalä = m%foaYfha m%dfoaYh
S f,alïjrhd idmamqfõ ;nd f.k Tyq mqj;am;a wf<ú lsÍu lr
jQ Tyq f,aLlhl= f,i kjl;d" flá l;d" lú iy we;' fjä ;nd >d;kh l< Tyq mia ore msfhla úh'
wOHdmksl fmd;am;a 20 la muK m%ldYhg m;a fldg Tyqf.a >d;kfhka uilg miq Tyqf.a ìß|o ñh f.dia
we;' ta w;ßka m%Odk jkafka wOHdmksl fmd; m;h' we;'
ùrflaiÍ" ;sklal=r,a" ;sklrka jeks m%Odk fou<
udOH mqj;am;aj,g ,shQ ,sms w;ro jeä wjOdkh fhduq
ù we;af;a wOHdmkh iïnkaOfhks' .=re jD;a;sfhka
ðú;h wrUd >d;kh jk úg Èia;s%la f,alïjrhl=
f,i lghq;= l< Tyq uqia,sï ck;djf.a bvï whs;sh
fjkqfjka fmkS isá ks,Odßfhls' ta iïnkaOfhka
Tyqg t,aààBh wk;=re wÕjd ;sî we;' 2005 foieïn¾
ui 02 od isl=rdod Èkhla úh' ldka;kal=ä m%foaYSh
f,alï ld¾hd,fha isg oyj,a hd{dj i|yd msg;a
ùug iQodkï jQ Tyqg fjä ;enQ t,aààB ;=jlall = rejka
Tjqka meñKs h;=re meÈfhka m<d f.dia we;'

94 95

2006
iqn%ukshï iq.S¾ordcka ^35&- udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2006 ckjdß 24
;Sl
% K
= du,fha jrdh wêldßfha ,sml s rejl= jQ iqnu
% kshï
iq.S¾ordcka iqvfrda,s mqj;amf;a ;S%l=Kdu, jd¾;dlre
f,i o lghq;= lf<ah' 2006 ckjdß ui 24 jeksod
WoEik 6'40 g muK fiajh i|yd hEug ksjiska
msg;a ù tk úg meñKs msiaf;da, lrejka Tyqf.a ysig
fjä ;nd m<d f.dia we;' Tyq Ôj;a jQ ;s%l=Kdu,fha
Wj¾uff,hsys f,daj¾ ùÈfha § >d;kh isÿ ù we;'
>d;kh isÿ jQfha wê wdrCIl l<dmhla jQ W;=re
kef.kysr wdKavqldr ld¾hd,h wdikakfha§h'
ckjdß ui 2 jeksod ;s%l=Kdu,h kdúl yuqodj
fmfkk ÿßka msysá fjrf<a§ >d;kh l< YsIHhska
5 fokd fjä je§fuka ñh f.dia we;s nj jd¾;d
lrk ,oafoa Tyq úisks' rch md¾Yajfhka th Bg fmr
jd¾;d lf<a Tjqka <Õ ;snQ fndaïnhla mqmqrd hEfuka
>d;khg ,la jQ ;%ia;jd§kajd§ka msßila f,igh'
l,auf
q Ka mdKaäßmamq m%foaYfha Wmka iq.¾
S ordcka i¥ika
iy ú¥¾Id kï mqf;l= iy ÈhKshlf.a msfhla úh'
tia' à' .kkdoka ^64& udOH w¾:m;s
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2006 fmnrjdß 01
fou< m%jD;a;s iy f;dr;=re uOHia:dkfha ^fm!oa.,sl
wdh;khla& w¾:m;sfhl= ^wkq.%dylhl=& f,i lghq;=
l< tia' à .kkdoka fjä ;nd >d;kh fldg we;af;a
96
hdmkfha wßhdf,a m%foaYfha udïm,ï ykaÈfha§h'
wßhdf,a yuqod l|jqr wdikakfha§ >d;kh isÿ ù we;'
Tyq hdmkh úúO fia j d iuQ m dldr iñ;s f ha
iNdm;sjrhd f,io lghq;= l< w;r 64 jeks úfha
miqúh'
neiaáhka fcda¾Ê iqf¾Ya ^35&- udOH fiajl
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2006 uehs 03
neiaáhka fcda¾Ê iqf¾Ya fiajh lf<a hdmkfha m<jk
Wohka mq j ;a m f;a wf<ú l<ukdlre yeáhgh'
cd;Hka;r ckudOH Èkh YS% ,xldfõ nKavdrkdhl
cd;Hka;r iïuka;%K Yd,dfõ meje;ajQ 2006 uehs
ui 03 jeksod iji Wohka mqj;am;g t,a, jQ kdÿkk
;=jlal=lrejkaf.a m%ydrfhka Tyq >d;khg ,la úh'
;j;a udOH fiajlhl= jQ rxð;a l=ud¾ >d;khg ,la
jQ w;r tys udOH fiajlhska 3 fofkla ;=jd, ,enQy'
wf<ú wxYfha Woh l=ud¾ ^48&" ohd.rka ^31& iy iÈia
^24& hk wh tfia ;=jd, ,enQy' mqj;am;a wdh;kfha
mß>Kl wxYh iïmQ¾Kfhka úkdY l< w;r uqøK
hka;%j,go ydks lrkq ,eìK' rcfha md,kh hgf;a
mj;sk hdmkfha wê wdrCIs; l<dmfha lia;ß + hd mdf¾
msysá Wohka ld¾hd,hg m%ydrh i|yd" à 56 wdhqO /
.;a 6 fofkla meñKs nj jd¾;d úh' Tjqka udOHfõÈ
l=.kdoka fidhd ld¾hd,h ;=< .ejfiñka isxy,
iy fou< NdIdj,ska l;d lrñka WKav 40 la muK
ksl=;a lrñka úkdYh isÿ lr we;' iqf¾Ya újdyl tla
ore msfhla úh'
97
rdcr;akï rxð;a l=ud¾ ^28& - udOH fiajl
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2006 uehs 03
cd;Hka;r ckudOH Èkh YS% ,xldfõ meje;ajQ 2006
uehs ui 03 jeksod Wohka mqj;am;g t,a, jQ m%ydrfha§
neiaáhka fcda¾Ê iqf¾Ya iuÕ rdcr;akï rxð;a l=ud¾
o fjä m%ydrfhka >d;khg ,la úh' Tyq hdmkfha
lhs;ä m%foaYfha kdjÜl=,s ykaÈfha wxl 14$5 ksjfia
Ôj;a jQ ;reK újdylfhla úh'
ksyd,a ä is,ajd ^64& - f,aLl
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2006 uehs 27
m%lg bx.S%is udOH idys;Hlrejl= jQ ksyd,a ä is,ajd
úys¿ ;y¿fjka Ôú;h f.jQ ñ;=rka w;r ckms%h
mq o a . ,hl= úh' jD;a ; s f hka jHdmdßlhl= jQ Tyq
idys;Hlrejl= jQjd muKla fkdj bx.Si % s udOH idys;H
iudch ;=< ls%hdldÍ idudðlhl= f,i idys;H
iïNdIKj, ks;r olskakg ,enqKq mqoa.,hl= úh'
Tyqf.a Road from Elephentpass lD;shg 2003 jif¾
f.a%Ika ;Hd.h fukau rdcH idys;H iïudkho ysñ ù
we;' .sk/ s ,a, fldkaim
a r
s is ^Giniralla Conspiracy& kï
lD;sfhka Tyq úYaj úoHd, ;=< ck;d úuql; a s fmruqfKa
foaYmd,kh úiska lrk úkdYhka jeks ldrKd
idlÉPdjg ,la lrhs' zwd¾;sZ kñka ;j;a kjl;djla
,shñka isá Tyq 2006 uehs ui ;j;a ñ;=rka 5 fofkl=
iuÕ ú,am;a;= cd;sl jfkdaoHdkfha ixpdrhlg f.dia
isáh§ ìï fndaïnhlg yiqù >d;khg ,la úh' wd¾;s
kjl;dj wjika lrkakg fkdyels jQ w;r ñ;=rka
mia fokd;a" uÕ fmkajkakd;a iuÕ Tyq .uka .;a
Ôma r:h ìï fndaïnhg yiq ùfuka ish¿ fokd
>d;khg ,la jQ y ' .d,a f ,a Wmka Tyq fld<U"
nïn,msáh m%foaYfha mÈxÑj isg foore msfhla úh'
98
iïm;a ,laud,a o is,ajd - udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2006 cQ,s 02
ksoyia udOHfõÈhl= f,i lghq;= l< iïm;a ,laud,a
o is,ajd meyer f.k f.dia we;af;a 2006 cQ,s ui 02
jeksod mdkaor 5'00 g muK fld<U ol=K m%foaYfha
fndr,eia.uqfõ msysá Tyqf.a ujf.a ksjfikah' l,l
isg Tyq iïnkaO;d meje;ajQ yuqod ks,Odßhl=f.ka
,enqKq ÿr l;k weu;=ula ksid Tyq ksjiska msg;g
f.dia we;' Tjqka ,laud,a /f.k f.dia we;s w;r
WoEik yuqjQfha fjä ;nd >d;kh fldg uy mdf¾
oud f.dia ;snQ Tyqf.a isrerh' ksjfia isg lsf,daóg¾
3 la muK wE;ska Tyqf.a isrer oud f.dia ;sìK' Tyq
ish uj iuÕ ðj;a jQ wújdyl ;reKfhls'
ußhodia ufkdackardÊ ^24& - udOH fiajl
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2006 cQ,s 27
hdmkh wÉpqfõ,s m%foaYfha ix.dfkhs ùÈfha Ôj;a jQ
ußhodia ufkdackardÊ >d;kh jQfha 2006 cQ,s ui 27
jeksod mdkaorh' /lshdj jYfhka hd,a ;sklal=r,a
mqj;am; wf<ú lsÍu l< ;reKhl= jQ Tyq tÈk mdkaor
3'45 g muK ish h;=re meÈfhka mqj;am;a f.k hEu
i|yd hd,a ;sklal=r,a ld¾hd,hg hk úg yuqodfõ
mÍCIdjgo ,la ù we;' Tyq mqj;am;a /f.k kej;
tu ud¾.fhau tk úg wÉpqfõ,s" kj.sß kï ia:dkfha
iuQmdldr ix.uh bÈßmsg§ laf,dafuda fndaïnhlg
yiq ùfuka >d;khg ,la úh' msg rglg hEug
iQodkñka isá fuu ;reKhd >d;kh jQ tu fndaïnh
ÿr isg ls%hd;aul l< tlla nj lshefõ' 25 úhe;s
ifydaorhl= iy 21 úhe;s ifydaorhlf.ka hq;a mjq,l
fojeks msßñ orejd Tyq úh'
99
moaukdoka ùYdukkaoka ^29&- ix.S;{
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2006 wf.daia;= 02
rcfha md,kh hgf;a mj;sk hdmkh kdj,¾ mdf¾
wê wdrCIl l<dmhl msysá kuÈ B,kdvq mqj;am;a
ld¾hd,h bÈßmsg§ 2006 wf.dai;
a = ui 02 jeksod oyj,a
1'25 g muK moaukdoka ùYdukkaoka fjä ;nd >d;kh
lr we;' Tyq hdmkh fmreud,a fldaú,a,ä m%foaYfha
;reKhl= jQ w;r zweka.rkaZ ^.Km;s& kï ix.S;
lKavdhfï wdrïNlhd fukau m%Odkshdh' ix.S;{hl=
iy .dhlhl= jQ Tyq fõÈld m%ix. ksfõolhl= f,io
lghq;= lrñka isá wfhls'
i;disjï ndialrka ^44& - udOH fiajl
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2006 wf.daia;= 15
hdmkfha Wohka mqj;am;a ld¾hd,fha ßhÿrl= f,i
fiajh l< i;disjï ndialrka 2006 wf.dai; a = 15 jeksod
mqj;am;a wf<ú i,a fj; mqj;am;a ñá fnod yer wdmiq
tñka isáh§ fjä ;nd >d;kh lr we;' we¢ß kS;sh
ls%hd;aul jQ hdmkfha Wfoa 10'00 isg oyj,a 1'00 olajd
we¢ß kS;sh ,sys,a l< wjia:dfõ tÈk mqj;am; fnod
yeÍug ßhÿre ndialrka m;a;r ñá ^md¾i,a& /f.k
f.dia we;' mqj;am; fnod yer wdmiq tk úg oyj,a
11'30 g muK fmaÿre ;=vqj mdf¾" wÉpqfõ,s m%foaYfha
mq;a;+¾ ykaÈfha§ Tyqg fjä ;nd >d;kh fldg we;'
Wohka mqj;amf;a ,dxPkho jdykfha meyeÈ,sj uqøKh
lr ;sî we;' fjä m%ydrfhka jdykhgo ydks isÿ ù
we;' Tyq isõore msfhla úh'
100
iskak;ïì isjuy rdcd ^68& - mqj;am;a ysñlre
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2006 wf.daia;= 20
hdmkfha Èkm;d mqj;am;la jQ kuÈ B,kdvq mqj;amf;a
l<ukdldr wOHCIjrhd jQ iskak;ïì isjuyrdcd
;j;a .re ;k;=re lsysmhla ±rE wfhls' Tyq hdmkfha
úúO fiajd iuQmdldr iñ;sfha iNdm;s OQrh ±rE w;r
fou< m% j D;a ; s iy f;dr;= r e uOHia : dkfha
wOHCIjrfhla f,io lghq;= lr we;' Tyq ysgmq
md¾,sfïka;= uka;S%jrfhlao jQ w;r b,kaldhs ;ñ,a
wriq lÉÑ ^ITAK& fcHIaG iudðlfhla úh' Tyqf.a
iaÓr ksji ckhd bj;a lr we;s wê wdrCIl l<dmhg
hg;a fld,a , ka l dä .fï ms y s g d we;s neúka
f;,smamff, ÿ¾.d wïudka fldaú, wi, ;djld,sl
ksjil Tyq ;ksj Ôj;a úh' Èkm;d fldaúf,a mQcdjg
iyNd.S jk Tyq miq Èk Wfoa mQcdjg fkdmeñKs neúka
yd fmrod rd;s%fha weiqKq fjä y~ .eko iel l<
ys;j;=ka Tyqf.a ksjig f.dia we;' 2006 wf.daia;=
ui 20 jeksod rd;s%fha ksjfia ksod isáh§ cfka,fhka
fjä ;nd >d;kh lr ;snQ Tyqf.a isrer Tjqkg
olskk
a g ,eî we;' Tyqf.a >d;kh;a iuÕ kuÈ B,kdvq
mqj;am; uqøKh o kj;d oukakg isÿ ù we;' Tyq
wújdylfhla úh'
101

2007
tia' rúkaøka ^38& - udOH fiajl
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2007 fmnrjdß 12
kuÈ B,kdvq mqj;amf;a rd;S% uqøK hka;% l<ukdlre
f,i fiajh l< tia' rùkaøka >d;kh lrk ,oafoa
Tyq f .a ks j ig meñKs ;= j la l = l rejka f .a fjä
m%ydrhlsks' >d;khg ,la jQfha 2006 fmnrjdß 12
jeksodh' hdmkfha fldamdhs m%foaYfha fldamdhs W;=re
uOHu fldÜGdYfha Ôj;a jQ újdylfhla jQ Tyq tla
ore msfhla úh'
iqn%ukshï rdupkaÈrka ^37& - udOHfõ§
meyer.;a Èkh - 2007 fmnrjdß 15
hdmkfha m<jk hd,a ;s k la l = r ,a iy jd,ïmQ ß
mqj;am;aj, jd¾;dlrejl= f,i lghq;= l< iqnu % kshï
rdupkaÈrka wriä" lrfjâä iy jvudrÉÑ m%foaYj,
ndysr wOHdmk wdh;kj, b.ekajQ .=rejrfhla úh'
2007 fmnrjdß 15 jeksod;a fm!oa.,sl mka;s wjika
lr nhs i s l ,fhka tk úg jvudrÉÑ m% f oa Y fha
lrfjâä m% f oa Y fha l,s f yhs yka È fha § kdÿkk
lKavdhula úiska meyer f.k we;' yuqod wdrCIdj
iys; tu m%foaYfha§ meyer .;a Tyq .ek lsiÿs wdrxÑhla
fkd,eî we;s w;r >d;kh lrkakg we;s nj úYajdi
flf¾' Tyq ore fofofkl=f.a msfhla úh'
102
iqNdIa pkaøfndaia ^32& - udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2007 wfma%,a 16
fou< NdIdfjka m< jQ kS,d ^N+ñh& kï idys;H
iÕrdfõ l¾;Djrhd jQ iqNdYa pkaøfndaia úiskau tu
iÕrdj m%ldYhg m;a lr we;' jjqkshdfõ
;sreKdjlal=,ï .fï Ôj;a jQ Tyq i;=j uqøKd,hla o
;sìK' ,kavkfha isg m< flfrk geñ,a j¾,aâ kï
iÕrdj iuÕo Tyq ksoyia udOHfõÈhl= f,i lghq;=
lf<ah' YS% ,xld ck udOH úoHd,fha isiqjl= jQ Tyq
mdG ud,dj wjikaj fou< cd;sl mqj;am;la jQ
ùrflaiÍ mqj;amf;a udisl mqyqKqjlao ,eîfuka
wk;=rej ish .u jq jõkshdfõ isg udOH lghq;=j,
kshe,S we;' wg yeúßÈ orejl=f.a mshl= jQ Tyq >d;kh
lrk ,oafoa 2007 wfma%,a ui 16 jeksod rd;S% 7'30 g
muK ksjig meñKs ;=jlal=lrejka úisks' fjä ;nd
>d;lhka m<d .s h miq Tyq f .a orejd wi,a j eis
ksfjiaj,g f.dia fodrg .id Woõ b,a,d we;s kuq;a
fjä y~ wid isá wi,ajeishka lsisfjla ìh ksid
Woõjg meñK ke;' >d;kh jk wjia:dfõ orejd
Tyq wi, isá w;r Tyq m%ldY l< mßÈ >d;lhka
isxy, yd fou< NdIdj,ska l;d fldg we;'
fi,ajrdid rÔõj¾uka ^25& - udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2007 wfma%,a 29
1982 jif¾ Wmka 25 úhe;s ;reK udOHfõÈhl= jQ
fi,ajrdid rÔõj¾uka hdmkfha m< jk Wohka
mqj;amf;a ld¾h uKav,fha udOHfõ§hl= f,i fiajh
l< w;r Tyq úfYaIfhka wmrdO jd¾;dlrKh lf<ah'
ish jd¾;dlrKh i|yd f;dr;=re fiùug
103
ld¾hd,fhka msg ù hk úg h;=re meÈhlska meñKs
>d;lfhda Tyqg fjä ;nd >d;kh lr m<d .shy'
>d;kh isÿ ù we;af;a Wohka ld¾hd,hg kqÿßka
kdj,¾ mdf¾ ridúkaf;daâvï ùÈh iy iageka,s udj;
yuqjk ykaÈfhaÈh' yuqod uqr lfmd¨ we;s wê wdrCIl
l<dmfha§ Wfoa 10'00 g muK ksoyfia meñK we;s
>d;khka >d;kh isÿ fldg wdrCIs;j m<d f.dia
we;' hdmkfha mq;;
a ¾
+ m%foaYfha wjrkald,a kef.kysr
fldÜGdYfha jeäu,a ifydaoßhla iy nd, ifydaorhska
fofofkl= yd foudmshka iuÕ fi,ajrdid rÔõj¾uka
.; fldg we;af;a b;d ÿIalr Ôú;hls' Wohka mqj;am;g
fmr Tyq B,kdvq mqj;amf;ao fiajh lr we;'
iyfoajka ks,CIka ^25&- udOH YsIH
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2007 wf.daia;= 01
hdmkfha udOH m¾fhaIK iy f;dr;=re wdh;kfha
YsIHhl= f,i ckudOH mdGud,djla yodrd wjika
l< iyfoajka ks,CIka fld<U meñK i;s foll
udOH mqyqKqjla ,eîh' th wjika fldg hdmkhg
wdmiq .sh Èkg miq Èk mdkaor 5' 10 g muK Tyqf.a
ksjig h;=re meÈhlska meñKs >d;lhska m%Yak lsÍug
lshd Tyq ksjiska msg;g le|jd we;' rdcH yuqod
wdrCIdj iys ; hdmkfha fldl= ú ,a m% f oa Y fha
wdähdmdoï ùÈfha msysá Tyqf.a ksjig we¢ß kS;sho
n,meje;ajKq q w¿hu myiqfjka meñKs >d;lfhda Tyqg
fjä ;nd m<d .shy' wújdyl ;reKhl= jQ iyfoajka
Yd,rdï kï iÕrdfõ l;=jrhd f,i lghq;= lf<ah'
Tyq hdmkfha YsIH jHdmdrfha ysgmq iNdm;sjrfhls'
>d;kfhka miq Tyqf.a tlu ifydaorhdo wdrCIdj
m;d úfoaY.; lsÍug foudmshka lghq;= lr we;'
104
weka;kSms,af,a fIÍka is;a;srxcka ^36& - udOH
fiajl
meyer.;a Èkh - 2007 fkdjeïn¾ 05
hdmkfha hd,a ;sklalr
= ,a mqj;amf;a fnod yeÍfï ld¾h
uKa v ,fha lghq ; = l< weka ; kS m s , a f ,a fIÍka
is;a;srxcka 2007 fkdjeïn¾ ui 05 jeksod isg
w;=reoyka ù we;' tÈk mqj;am; fnod yrñka isáh§
WoEik 6'00 g muK ±ä yuqod wdrCIdj iys; m,d,s
mdf¾ Bidf,hs m%foaYfha§ w;=reoyka ù we;' hd,a
;sklal=r,a mqj;am;g fmr Tyq fiajh lr we;af;a
kuÈ B,kdvq mqj;amf;ah' Tyq >d;kh lrkakg we;s
nj úYa j di flf¾' wdfkhs f lda Ü fÜ Whrma m q , ï
m%foaYfha mÈxÑlrejl= jQ Tyq újdyl tla ore msfhla
úh'
jäfõ,a ksu,rdcd ^31& - udOH fiajl
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2007 fkdjeïn¾ 17
hdmkfha Wohka mqj;amf;a rd;S% fidaÿm;a lshjkakd
jQ jäfõ,a ksu,rdcd tys jir ;=kla muK fiajh
fldg we;' rd;S% fiajh wjikaj 2007 fkdjeïn¾ ui
17 jeksod ish mdmeÈfhka ksjig hñka isáh§ WoEik
7'30 g muK Wohka ld¾hd,hg wdikak kdj,¾ mdf¾
ÿïßh yria u. § kdÿkk msßila úiska Tyq meyer
f.k f.dia >d;kh lrkakg we;ehs ie,fla' hdmkh
k.rfha lÉfÉß k,aƾ mdf¾ ksl,ia udjf;a Ôj;a
jQ Tyq wújdyl ;reKfhls'
105
bidhsúis fiïmshdka - ksfõÈld ui 5 jeks Èk Tyq .uka .;a nia r:h leì;sf.d,a,Ej
iqf¾Ya ,sïìfhda - ld¾ñl wxYfha fiajl wNsudkamqr § mSvk fndaïnhlg yiqù mqmqrd hEfuka
à' ;¾u,sx.ï - bxðfkare Tyqf.a >d;kh isÿ úh' leì;sf.d,a,Ej m%foaYfha tu
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2007 fkdjeïn¾ 27 jif¾ isÿjQ fojeks nia fndaïn m%ydrh jQ thska isú,a
jeisfhda 16 fofkla >d;kh jQy' udOHfõ§ .=Kisxy
fldá y~ .= j ka úÿ,s f ha fia j h l<" bidhs ú is foore msfhla úh'
fiïms h dka " iq f ¾Ya ,s ï ìfhda iy à' ;¾u,s x .ï
^O¾u,sx.ï& >d;khg ,la jQfha 2007 fkdjeïn¾ ui
27 jeksod iji 4'30 g muK tlguh' YS% ,xld .=jka
yuqodj úiska fy,k ,o .=jka fndaïn m%ydrj,ska
ls,f
s kdÉÑ m%foaYfha fldl=ú,ays msyás fldá y~ .=jka
úÿ,sh we;=¿ f.dvke.s,s /ila úkdY jQ w;r 11 fofkla
>d;kh jQy' thska ;sfofkla jQ fldá y~ .=jka úÿ,sfha
fuu fiajlhska ;sfokdf.ka bidhsúis fiïmshdka
tys ksfõÈldjl jQ w;r weh ;sore ujla jQjdh' weh
m%lg jQfha iqNdðkS hk wkaj¾: kñkah' iqf¾Ya
,sïìfhda ld¾ñl wxYfha fiajlfhla jQ w;r tla ore
msfhla úh' à' ;¾u,sx.ï bxðfkarejrfhla f,i
lghq;= lr we;' fuu .=jka fndaïn m%ydrfhka fldá
y~ .=jka úÿ,sfha ;j;a fiajlhska y;r fofkl=
;=jd, ,nd we;'

ví,sõ' .=Kisxy ^62& - udOHfõ§

>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2007 foieïn¾ 05

wkqrdOmqr Èia;l
%s l
a fha leì;sf.d,a,Ej l<dm wOHdmk
ld¾hd,fha iyldr wOHdmk wOHCIjrfhla f,i
úY%du f.dia isá ví,sõ' .=Kisxy cd;sl mqj;am;la jQ
Èjhsk mqj;amf;a leì;sf.d,a,Ej jd¾;dlre f,i jir
20 l muK ld,hla fiajh lr we;' 2007 foieïn¾

106 107

2008
mrrdcisxyï foajl=ud¾ ^34& - udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2008 uehs 28
mrrdcisxyï foajl=ud¾ ^f;ajl=ud¾& fld<U m%Odk
úoaHq;a udOH cd,hlg wh;a Yla;s rEmjdyskS iy Yla;s
.=jka úÿ,s fiajdj, hdmkh Èia;s%la jd¾;dlre f,i
fiajh lf<ah' 2008 uehs ui 28 jeksod iji 4'00 g
muK ;ud Ôj;a jQ jÜgqfldaâfvhs udjä .u n,d
.uka lrñka isá foajl=ud¾ ;shqKq wdhqOj,ska lmd
fldgd >d;kh lr we;' Tyq iuÕ .uka .;a Tyqf.a
ñ;=rl= jQ ufyakaøka jroka o lmd fldgd oud ;snQ
w;r frday,a .; lsÍfuka wk;=rej Tyqo ñh f.dia
we;' ldl;sõ mdf¾ .uka lrñka isáh§ l,a¨kaodhs
kï ia:dkfhaÈ >d;kh isÿ ù we;' miqj ,enqK wdrxÑ
ud¾.j,g wkqj Tyqf.a >d;kh t,aààBh úiska lr
we;s njg iel u;= ù we;' rcfha ueÈy;a ùfuka
hdmkfha issÿ flfrk lghq;= .eko Tyq jd¾;d lsÍu
t,aààBfha úfrdaOhg fya;= ù we;s nj lshefõ' Tyq
iuÕ isá ñ;=rd BmSãmS ixúOdkfha ys;j;l= njo
jd¾;d fõ' foajl=ud¾ újdy ù we;af;a >d;khg udi
lsysmhlg fmr§h'
108
fudyuâ uyre*a rYañ ^31& - udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2008 Tlaf;dan¾ 06
rYañ uyre*a kñka udOH fCIa;%h y÷kd.;a fudyuâ
uyre*a rYañ fld<U m%Odk úoaHq;a udOH cd,hlg
wh;a isri rEmjdyskS fiajdfõ wkqrdOmqr jd¾;dlre
f,i jir 4la ;siafia lghq;= l< ;reK
udOHfõÈfhls' rEmjdyskS cd;sl mqyqKq wdh;kfhka
rEmjdyskS udOHfõÈhl= f,i mqyqKqj ,nd iajdëk
remjdyskS fiajfhao l,la fiajh l< Tyqf.a udOH
Ôú;hg jir y;ls ' Tyq rcrg udOHfõÈfhda
ixúOdkfha Woafhda.su;a ls%hdldßlfhlao úh' W;=re
ueo m<d;a iNdfõ úmCI kdhl fckrd,a cdkl
fmf¾rd we;=¿ 27 fofkl= >d;kh lrñka mqmqrd .sh
urdf.k uefrk fndaïnhg f.dÿre ùfuka rYañ
uyre*a >d;khg ,la úh' msmsÍu isÿ jQfha 2008
Tlaf;dan¾ ui 06 jeksod fmrjre 8'40 g muK
wkqrdOmqr mrK nia kej;=ï fmd< wdikakfha msysá
m<d;a iNdfõ úmCI kdhl ld¾hd,h újD; lsÍfï
W;aijfha§h' tu W;aijh jd¾;d lrñka isá rYañ ñh
hk úg 31 jeks úfha miq jQ ;reK újdylfhla úh'
W;aijhg iyNd.S ù isá Tyqf.a ifydaoßh iy wef.a
ieñhd o rYañ iuÕ >d;khg ,la úh' Tyq Ôj;a jQfha
wkqrdOmqr O¾umd, udjf;a msysá ksjilh'
109

2009
,ika; úl%u;=x. - l¾;D$udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2009 ckjdß 08
rcfha iy wfkl=;a foaYmd,lhkaf.a ¥IK" jxpd"
wl%ñl;d ks¾NS;j j¾;d lrñka .fõIKd;aul
udOHlrejl= f,i m%lg jQ ,ika; úl%u;=x. >d;kh
jk úg" ;uka úiska 1994 § wdrïN l< ikafâ ,Sv¾
mqj;amf;a l¾;Djrhd jYfhka lghq;= lrñka isáfhah'
tu mqj;am; m%ldYhg m;a l< ,Sv¾ m%ldYk iud.fï
whs;slrejd jQfha Tyqf.a ifydaorhd jk w;r Tyq tys
wOHCIjrhl= úh'
ikafâ ,Sv¾ mqj;am; yryd Tyq l< wNS; fy<sorõ
lsÍï ksid Tyqg wjia:d lsysmhl§u ysßyer ú¢kakg
isÿ úh' kqf.aaf.dv msysá Tyqf.a ksjig fndaïn
m%ydrhla t,a, úh' jfrl Tyq myr §ug ,la úh'
;j;a jfrl l< fjä ;eîulska Tyqf.a Ôú;h fíreKs'
r;au,dfka wêwdrCIl l<dmhl msysgd we;s ,Sv¾
uqøKd,hg 2007 fkdjeïn¾ ui .sks ;nd úkdY lrk
,§' ÿrl;kj,ska l< urK ;¾ck ksid Tyqf.a Ôú;h
wk;=f¾ ;snqK w;r h;=re meÈlrejka Tyq miqmi tk
njlao Tyqg ±kS we;' Tyq >d;khg ,lajQ 2009 ckjdß
08 jeksod Tyq msgù we;af;a n;a;ruq,f
a ,a msyá
s ksjfiks'
tÈk ;ud miqmi h;=remeÈlrejka yUd tk nj Tyq
Tyqf.a ìß|g yd ys;j;=ka lsysm fofkl=g jdykh
t<j, .ukau ±kqï § we;' >d;lhkaf.ka tÈk Tyqg
.e,ùula ,enqfKa ke;' .,alsiai w;a;säh mdf¾
w;a;säh wdo¾Y mdi, wi,§ Tyqf.a jdykh fomiska
110
biair lr h;=remeÈ k;r l< >d;lhka Tyqf.a ysig
fjä ;nd m<d f.dia we;' wê wdrCIl l<dmhl§
WoEik 10'00 g muK Tyqj >d;kh fldg >d;lhka
ksoyfia m<d f.dia we;' >d;lhka y÷kd.; fkdyels
jk wdldrhg Tyqg fjä ;enQ msiaf;da, mf;drï mjd
f.k hkakg ;rï mqyqKq fjälalrejka ta i|yd
fhdojd ;sìK' l¿fndaú, YsCIK frday,g f.k .sh
Tyqj jyd ffY,l¾uhlg Ndckh l<o ffY,Hd.drh
;=<§u ñh f.dia we;'
fld<U" fldgfyak Ydka; fnkäla úoHd,fhka
wOHdmkh ,nd we;s ,ika; úl%u;=x. 1980 § kS;{ s hl=
f,o Èjqreï § we;' 1977 § udOHfõÈhl= f,i ika
mqj;am;g ne£ we;af;a kS;s YsIHhl=j isáh§h' 1983
isg zÈ whs,kaâZ mqj;amf;a ksfhdacH m%jD;a;s l¾;D
f,i lghq;= lr we;' kS;s{hl= fukau udOHfõÈhl=
jQo" bx.S%is fukau isxy, NdIdj ms<sn|jo ukd
yelshdjla we;s Tyq .ek meyeÿkq úmCI kdhsld
isßudfjda nKavdrkdhl ue;skh s Tyq ;udf.a fm!oa.,sl
f,alï f,i m;a lr .;af;a 1986§h' miqj Tyq tu
mCIfhka ^YS% ,xld ksoyia mCIh& fld<U Èia;s%lalh
i|yd 1989 uy ue;sjrKfha§ ;r. jeÿfkah' tys§ Tyq
mrdch jqj;a Tyqf.a udOH Ôú;h È.gu f.k .sfhah'
1988 isg 1993 olajd iqrksu, hk wdrEv kñka ikafâ
ghsïia mqj;am;g foaYmd,k ,sms ,Sfõ Tyqh' Tyq
l¾;D;ajh ±rE ikafâ ,Sv¾ mqj;am; wdrïN lrk
,oafoa 1994 jrif¾§h' tys l¾;D f,i Tyq f.k .sh
wNS; udOH fufyjr ksid Tyq >d;lhkaf.a f.dÿrla
njg m;a úh'
111
mqkk
a h
s uQ¾;s i;HuQ¾;s - udOHfõ§
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2009 fmnrjdß 12
úúO fou< udOH mqj;am;a yd m%ldYkj,g m%jD;a;s"
ú.% y fuka u lú flál;d iemhQ mq k a k s h uQ ¾ ;s
i;HuQ ¾ ;s >d;khg ,la ù we;a f ;a jka k s hq o
fufyhqfï§ hqo uqla; l<dmhg m;s; jQ wdá,ß
m%ydrhlska nj jd¾;d fõ' jd¾;d jk wkaoug th
is ÿ ù we;a f ;a 2009 fmnrjdß 12 odh' t,a à àB
m%ldYkj,go Tyq jd¾;d iemhQ nj i|yka jk w;r
Ôj;a ù we;af;a jkaks m%foaYfhah'
iiSuoka ^27&- udOH fiajl
>d;kh jQ Èkh - 2009 ud¾;= 06
t,aààB md,kh hgf;a meje;s jkaks Èia;s%lalfha
mdGlhkag ;snQ tlu mqj;am; jQ B,kdoka mqj;amf;a
uq,;sõ Èia;s%lalfha fndod yeÍfï l<uldlre f,i
lghq;= l< iiSuoka >d;kh ù we;af;ao hqo uqla;
l<dmhg t,a, jQ wdá,ß m%ydrhlsks' wjika hqoaOfha§
wdrCIdj i|yd hqo uqla; l<dmhg fldgq jQ ;j;a
isú,a jeishka msßila iuÕ Tyqo >d;kh ù we;ehs
jd¾;d fõ'
112
uQ,dY% tllska muKla wkdjrKh jQ lsym
s
fofkl=f.a f;dr;=re
1' fla' tia' r;akisxyï - udOHfõ§
- uvl,mqj - 1986
uvl,mqj Èia;s%lalfha jõk;sõ lkakkal=vd m%foaYfha
Ôj;a jQ fla' tia' r;akisxyï ùrflaiÍ mqj;amf;a
jd¾;dlrejl= f,i lghq;= lrñka isáh§ 1986 jif¾
Èfkl fjä ;nd >d;kh l< nj úYajdi lghq;= mqo. a ,
uQ,dY%j,ska wkdjrKh ù we;;a wod, mqj;am; weiqßka
fyda ;yjqre lr .ekSug wmyiq ù we;' u;lfhka jir
i|yka jqjo th fjkia úugo bv we;' Tyq tla ore
msfhla njo i|yka fjhs'
2' à' ohdkkaoka - udOHfõ§
- ;ñì¨ú,a " wïmdr - 1985
wïmdr Èia;l
%s l
a fha kskoa jQ¾ m%foaYfha ;ïì,sj,
q a .ïudkfha
mÈxÑ lrejl= jQ à' ohdkkaoka 1985 jif¾È fjä ;nd
>d;kh l< nj mqo. a , uQ,dY%hlska jd¾;d fõ' Tyqo
ùrflaiÍ mqj;amf;a jd¾;dlrejl= f,i lghq;= nj m%ldY
jqj;a th ;yjqre lr .ekSug yelshdjla ,eî ke;'
3' trdjq¾ >d;kfha§ ñh .sh lúhd
>d;khg ,la jQ Èkh - 1990 wf.daia;= 11
1990 jif¾ wf.daia;= 11 jeksod rd;s%fha isg 12 jeksod
mdkaor jkf;la kef.kysr m<df;a uvl,mqj m%foaYfha
trdjq¾yS uqia,sï cd;slhka 121 fofkl= t,aààBh úiska
>d;kh l< wdldrh jd¾;d lrk z;,a wrU hgZ lD;sfha"
tla uqia,sï mjq,l {d;shl= jQ fou< lúhl= >d;kh jQ
113
njla i|yka lrhs' fjä y~ weiS wdrCIdj i|yd
wf.daia;= 11 rd;s%fha fou< lúhdf.a ksjig wi,ajeis
{d;Ska lsysm fofkl=u meñK we;' Ôú;h fírd f.k
mek .;a tla mqoa.,hl= tu lD;shg m%ldY lr we;s mßÈ
tu ksjfia§ w; orejkao we;=¿ 13 fofkla >d;kh
fldg we;' ish¿ fokd >d;kh lrkakg t,aààBh
iQodkï jk nj f;areï .;a tu lúhd okska jeà tfia
fkdlrK f,i b,a,d isg we;' okska jeà hd{d lrñka
isáh§u Tyqg fjä ;enQ nj tys jd¾;d fõ' kula i|yka
fkdjk tu lúhd .ek kef.kysr m<df;a mqo. a , uQ,dY%
lsijs lska ;yjqre lr .ekSug fkdyels úh' ;,a wrU hg
lD;sh hdmkh úYaj úoHd, wdpd¾hjrekaf.a ix.ufha
jd¾;dj,ska ilia jQjls'
4' kd.,sx.ï ;Hd.rdcd - udOHfõ§ - uvl,mqj
kd.,sx.ï ;Hd.rdcd udOHfõÈhl= f,i lghq;= l<
njg yd >d;kh l< njg i|ykla fjhs' Èkhla .ek
i|yka fkdfjhs'
5' fla' mS Wmfiak - mqj;am;a wf<ú ksfhdað;
>d;khg ,la jQ Èkh - 1988 uehs 16
mqj;am;a wf<ú lsÍu yd fnod yeÍu fya;=fjka fla'mS
Wmfiak >d;khg ,la jQ nj i|yka fjhs' m%foaYh
i|yka fkdfjhs'
6' hQ' iS lreKd;s,l - PdhdrEm Ys,amS
>d;khg ,la jQ Èkh - 1988 cQ,s 09
Èjhsk mqj;amf;a ydßiam;a;=j jd¾;dlre ^ PdhdrEm
udOHfõÈhl=& f,i lghq;= l< hQ' is lreKd;s,l 1988
cQ,s 09 >d;kh lrk ,o nj m%ldY fjhs'
114
7' úfÊisß kdkdhlaldr - udOHfõ§
>d;khg ,la jQ Èkh - 1989 wfma%,a 22
u;=.u jd¾;dlre f,i lghq;= l< njg jd¾;d jk
úfÊisß kdkdhlaldr 1989 wfma%,a ui 22 jeksod
>d;kh jQ nj i|yka fjhs'
8' ðkfiak lia;=ß wdrÉÑ - udOHfõ§
>d;khg ,la jQ Èkh - 1989 wf.daia;= 21
fâ,s ksjqia mqj;amf;a ;x.,a, jd¾;dlre f,i fiajh
l< ðkfiak lia;=ß wdrÉÑ 1989 wf.daia;= 21 jeksod
>d;kh l< nj jd¾;d fõ'
9' whs' iS' m%kdkaÿ - mqj;am;a fnod yeÍu
>d;khg ,la jQ Èkh - NSIK iuh ;=<
uykqjr Èia;s%lalfha ueKsla yskak m%foaYfha mqj;am;a
fnod yeÍï l< mqoa.,hl= f,i i|yka fõ' >d;khg
,lajQ Èkhla" ia:dkhla we;=¿ lsisÿ úia;rhla i|yka
fkdfjhs'
by; i|yka wxl 4 isg 9 olajd mqo.
a ,hka .ek i|yka
ù we;af;a rð;a lS¾;s f;kakfldakfa .a zjdrK mqrdKhZ
lD;sfhah' l;=jrhd i;=jo fjk;a úia;rhla fkdue;s
w;r fjk;a mqoa., fyda ,sÅ; uQ,dY%hlska fuu
mqoa.,hka iïnkaOfhka ;yjqre lr .ekSug l<
W;aidyhkao wid¾:l úh'
115
udOH iy l,d lghq;=j, kshe¨kq"
wka;r úYaj úoHd, YsIH n, uKav,fha
YsIH foaYmd,k lsh
% dldßka
moauisß ;S%udú;dk - ks¾udK lrefjls
>d;khg ,la jQ Èkh - 1988 Tlaf;dan¾ 22
wxl=r lúfhla" Ñ;% Ys,amsfhla fukau zfjo isiqy~Z
iÕrdjg ,shQ f,aLlfhla jQ moauisß ;S%udú;dk isiqjd
fld<U úYaj úoHd,fha ffjoH mSGfha YsIHfhla úh'
YsIH ls%hdldÍ lñgqj ;=<ska u;= jQ YsIH kdhlhl= jQ
Tyq r;akmqr Èia;s%lalfha wka;¾ úYaj úoHd, YsIH n,
uKav,fha f,alï úh' wïn,kaf.dv lyfõ Wmka
Tyq 1988 Tlaf;dan¾ ui 22 jeksod >d;khg ,la úh'
ysig mrd, weK .id jo § fuu isiqjd >d;kh lr
;snQ wdldrh .ek tl, úYd, lïmdjla iudch ;=<
we;s úh'
Wmd,s .uf.a - fjä y~ ixialdrl
>d;khg ,la jQ Èkh - 1990 ckjdß
uydkdu f,iska ye¢kajQ Wmd,s .uf.a mQ¾Kld,Skj
wka;¾ úYaj úoHd, YsIH n, uKav,fha m%Odk YsIH
ix.uhla jQ iudcjd§ YsIH ix.ufha ls%hdldßlhl=
úh' fma%udkkao kñka uyKj isá Tyq WmeúÈ ù mQ¾K
ld,Skj YsIH ix.ï lghq;= i|yd fhduq úh' ckudOH
lñgqfõ f,alï jYfhkao lghq;= lr we;s Tyq zfjä
y~Z kï ^md;d,& ryis.; mqj;am; fukau ;j;a tjeks
mqj;am;a lsysmhl l;=jrhd f,i lghq;= lr we;'
YsIH igka uOHia:dkfha cd;sl lñgqfõ wjidk
116
;SrK .kakd y;a fokdf.a f,alï uKav,hgo wh;a
jQ Tyq fld<U Èia;s%lalhg wh;a fldÜgdj m%foaYfha§
1990 ckjdß ui w;a wvx.=jg m;ajQ w;r >d;kh
fldg we;'
w;=, fiakdr;ak - fjo isiq y~ ixialdrl
>d;khg ,la jQ Èkh - 1990 iema;eïn¾ 17
ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa úYaj úoHd, YsIH ix.ïj,
tl;=j jQ wka;¾ úYaj úoHd, YsIH n, uKav,fha
ls%hdldß;ajh 1987 - 1990 NSIKfhka wvmK ù f.dia
;snqKs' NSIKh ;rula wvq ù hEu;a iuÕ th kej;
mK .kajd YsIH jHdmdrh h<s talrdYS lsÍug W;aidy
.;a mqoa.,hd jQfha w;=, fiakdr;akh' 1990 ud¾;= ui
w;a wvx.=jg m;a jQ Tyq wfm%a,a ui m<d weú;a kej;;a
tu ixúOdk lghq;=j, kshe¨Ks' wka;¾ úYaj úoHd,
YsIH n, uKav,fha le|jqïlre jQ Tyq fld<U úYaj
úoHd,fha ffjoH mSGfha wjika jif¾ isiqfjla úh'
ffjoH YsIH ls%hdldÍ lñgqfõ uQ,slfhls' fjo isiq
y~ iÕrdfõ ixialdrljrhd jQfhao Tyqh' ;ud fmkS
isá foaYmd,k u;jdohka yd YsIH jHdmdrh iïnkaO
udOH fufyjr Tyq w;ska bIag úh'
1990 iema;eïn¾ ui 17 jeksod kej; w;awvx.=jg m;a
jQ Tyq >d;khg ,la ù we;'
117
yÈis wk;=re yd fjk;a fya;= u; wysñ
jQ lsym
s fofkla
,Skd whsßka ymq;ka;S% - f,aÅld$lsú¢h
wk;=rg ,la jQ Èkh - 1987 uehs 18
Ôj;a j isáhdkï ks¾udK fCIa;%fha m%n,u ia;S%
f,aÅldj jkjdg iel ke;s m%;sNdjla fmkajQ ,Skd
whsßka ymq;ka;S% ñh .sfha wld,fhah' 1971 le/,af,a
ú;a;sldßhlaj jir 4 la isr.;j .; l< weh
isrf.hska ksoyia jQ miqj;a ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK
iuÕ lghq;= lr we;' tfy;a ck;d úuql; a s fmruqfKa
fojeks le/,a,g uq, mqrK ld,h jk úg weh tu
foaYmd,k .uka uÕ .ek l,lsÍ th úfõpkh lr
bka bj;a ù isáhdh' jdudxYsl foaYmd,k u;hla ±rE
weh úfYaIfhka ia;S% mSvkh .ek ixfõ§ ia;S%jdÈkshl
jQjdh' 1980 oYlfha ks¾udK úu¾Ykh lrkafkl=g
wef.a tu jdujd§ ia;S%jd§ yd iudc ixfõ§ cj
iïmkak ks¾udK Yla;sh y÷kd.; yels jkq we;'
lú" flá l;d" fukau ks¾udKd;aul rpkd l< weh
udOH yryd iudc foaYmd,k jdo újdoj,g tla ù
isáhdh' úpdr ,sms ,sõjdh'
weh ck;d úuq l a ; s fmruq f Kka bj;a ùu;a "
ls%hdldßkshl yd ks¾udKldßkshl f,i m< l<
wehf.a kj foaYmd,k .uka uÕ;a ksid ck;d úuql; a s
fmruqfKa ;¾ckh weh fj; we;s njg iel lrñka
wehg Ôj;a jkakg isÿ úh' 1986 foieïn¾ ui 15
jeksod ohd m;srK YsIHhd >d;kh;a iuÕ ck;d
úuqla;s fmruqK úfõpkh lr bj;a jQjkag ielfhka
Ôj;a jkakg isÿ jQjd fiau" ,Skd whsßka Ôj;a jQfhao
118
ielfhks' tfyhska 1987 uehs ui 11 jeksod yÈis ßh
wk;=rlg weh ,la jQ wjia:dfõ wehf.a ñ;=re ñ;=ßhka
th ie,iqï iy.; tlla ±hs uq,§ iel l<y' tfy;a
miqj th jHmdßlhl=f.a ßhl yemS isÿ jQ >d;khla
f,i ms<s.ekSug isÿ úh' fydrK" oUr m%foaYfha ish
uj iy mq;=ka fofokd iuÕ Ôj;a jQ weh ßh wk;=rg
,la jQfha fld<U rdc.sßh m%foaYfha§h' ta jk úg
weh ldka;dj yd udOH iduQyl
s fha lsh
% dldßkshla f,i
lghq;= lrñka isá w;r tu ixúOdkh uÕska m< l<
zudOH ksÍCIKZ kï iÕrdj ixialrKh l<dh'
1987 uehs ui 11 jeksod wk;=rg ,laj isys fkd,nd
fld<U uy frdayf,a Èk 7la isá weh 18 jeksod wjika
yqiau fy¨jdh' wehg ,shkakg fkdyels jQ wehf.a
m% n , Ôú;h mokï lr.;a kjl;djla iy
fg,skdHhla miqj ìys úh'
pkaøl=udr úl%ur;ak - lúfhls
wjika jrg ÿgq Èkh - 1991
pkaøl=udr úl%ur;ak fyj;a ñ;=rkag pkaof¾ jQ Tyq
>d;kh l<do ish Èú kid .;a;do hk ielh ñ;=rka
w;r ;ju;a úi|D .; fkdyels .eg¿jla ù we;'
b;du m%n, ks¾udK Yla;h s lska fyì lúhl= jQ Tyqf.a
ks¾udK wu;l l< fkdyels ñ;=rka ;ju;a Tyq .ek
;efj;s' ck;d úuql;a s fmruqfKa lsh
% dldßhlhl= f,i
iuyre ±k y÷kd f.k isá Tyq iaÓr ksjykla
fkdue;sj ;ekska ;ek Ôj;a jQfjls' Tyq l,ska l,g
tfia Ôj;a ù we;af;a tl, iy wo olajd;a ks¾udK
fCIa;%fha kshef,k ñ;=rkaf.a weiqf¾h' 88$90 m%n,
NSIK iuh ^ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa NSIKh yd thg
tfrysj Èh;a jQ rdcH NSIKh& olajd Tyq Ôj;a ù we;'
wjika jrg Tyq ±l we;s ñ;=rkag wkqj Tyq" uykqjr
119
isg fld<U olajd Tjqka iuÕ nia r:hl meñK we;'
fld<Ug nia r:h <Õd jk úg Tyq nifha isg ke;'
thska miq Tyq flf,i w;=reoyka jQjd±hs ish¿ fokdgu
m%Yk
a hls' tfia wjika jrg Tyq ±l we;af;a 1991 jif¾
uq, Èklh' ta jk úg Tyq ±ä l<lsÍfuka yd fm!oa.,sl
m%Yakj,ska úvdjg m;aj isá nj jd¾;dfõ'
uj muKla isá Tyq ;reK úfha isg Ôj;a ùu i|yd
nia j, úreÿ lshd we;' fkdfhla iq¿ fjf<|dï
lghq;=j, fh§ we;' ta ish,a, w;f¾ lú ,sùu È.gu
lrf.k .sh fyhska ks¾udKlrejkag Tyq wu;l l<
fkdyels ks¾udK lrefjla úh' Tyq jeä jYfhka
ks¾udK lrk ,oafoa iqks,a udOj ixialrKh l<
Èjhsk mqj;amf;a wgfjks msgqjg jk w;r wjika
jrg Tyq rdjh mqj;am;g zu<f.hl igykaZ kñka
;Sre ,smshla ,shñka isg we;' Tyq .d,a, noafoa.u
m%foaYfha Wmka mqo.
a ,fhls' YS% ,xldfõ m%uL
q ;u lúhl=
jk r;ak YS% úfÊisxy jfrl Tyqj zwfma ld,fha
f.da¾lsZf,i y÷kajd we;'
l=,isxy - udOHfõ§
wk;=rg ,la jQ Èkh
fld<U m%Odk Odrdfõ mqj;am;la jQ È whs,kaâ
mqj;amf;a udOHfõÈhl= jQ l=,isxy urKhg m;a ù
we;af;ao wyUq wdldrfhks' fiajh i|yd WoEik nihl
ke.S hk úg u.shl= yd nyskania ùula isÿ ù we;'
l=,isxy ld¾hd,h bÈßmsáka nifhka nei .;a úg
isoê
a hg wod, u.shdo nei wjq;a Tyqg myrla .id we;'
tu myrg weo jegqKq Tyqf.a ysi mdf¾ mÈl fõÈldfõ
fldKalS%Ü neïfï je§ thska Tyq t;eku Ôú;CIhg
m;a ù we;'
120
fla' kkaol=ud¾ - udOH fiajl
wk;=rg ,la jQ Èkh - 2001 uehs 06
Wohka mqj;amf;a l<ukdlrK wxYfha fiajlhl= jQ
kkaol=ud¾ .uka .;a h;=re meÈh wk;=rlg ,la ùfuka
Tyq ñh f.dia isá kuq;a th ie,iqï iy.; f,i lrk
,o wk;=rla njg ielhla mj;S' tfia kkaol=ud¾ yÈis
urKhglg ,la jQfha 2001 uehs ui 06 jeksodh' Bg
miqj" cQks udifha 23 jeksod Wohka mqj;amf;a l¾;D
ldkuhs,akdoka uy;do oreKq ßh wk;=rlg ,la ù
we;' tho ie,iqï iy.; tlla f,i i,lk w;r tu
wk;=frka l;=jrhd oreKq ;=jd, ,nQ w;r Ôú;h fírd
.ekSug yels úh' kkaol=ud¾ ,la jQ ßh wk;=ro tjeks
tlla njg iel lsÍug tho idCIshla ù we;'
relaIsld m%idÈkS ^21&- udOHfõÈkS
wk;=rg ,la jQ Èkh - 2006 foieïn¾ 19
ù t*a tï .= j ka úÿ,s fia j fha ks f õÈldjl iy
jd¾;dldßkshl f,i lghq;= l< ;reKshl jQ relaIsld
m%idÈkS ßh wk;=rlg ,laj urKhg m;a jQfha 2006
foieïn¾ ui 19 jeksodh' Bg Èk 12lg fmr weh ßh
wk;=rlg ,la jQfha mqj;am;a idlÉPdjla jd¾;d lsÍu
i|yd wdh;kfha jdykhlska .uka lrñka isáh§h'
fld<U 08" lsxis mdf¾§ weh .uka .;a ßh yd .eà
we;af;a cd;Hka;r wdh;khl ks,Odßhl= .uka .;a
r:hls' Èk 12 la fld<U yÈis wk;=re tallfha m%;sldr
,nñka isg urKhg m;a jQ weh fjkqfjka idOdrKhla
bgq lr .ekSug l< W;aidyhka rdcH ;dka;s%l nj
ksid hgm;a jQ nj jd¾;d fõ' udOH Ôú;hg msúi udi
lsysmhlska wNd.H iïmkak f,i wef.a .uk fl<jr
úh'
121
fjk;a wdkkao fukaäia
>d;kh jQ óáhdf.dv m%foaYfha jd¾;dlre f,i
fldamar,a fiamd, .=K;s,l wdkkao fukaäiaf.a ku óg fmr lD;shl i|ykaj
udOHfõÈhl=" l,dlrejl= fyda udOH fiajlhl= we;' Tyq m%dfoaYh
S jd¾;dlrejl= f,i lghq;= lr we;s
fkdjk kuq;a fldamar,a fiamd, .=K;s,l >d;khg kuq;a" >d;kh ùug jir .Kkdjlg fmr isg udOH
,la ù we;a f ;a YS % ,xld rEmjdys k S ixia : dfõ lghq;= w;yer fjk;a lghq;j,= fh§ we;s nj fidhd
msÿre;,d., iïfma%IK l=¿Kg t,a, l< m%ydrhla .;a iuld,Sk udOHfõ§ idCIs wkqj ;yjqre fjhs'
ksidh' 1984 fkdjeïn¾ ui 03 jeksod rEmjdyskS 1988 wfma%,a 17 jeksod oyj,a fjä ;nd isÿ ù we;s
l=¿fKa wdrCIl fiajh Ndrj isáfha fldamra ,a fiamd, Tyqf.a >d;kho tu fjk;a fya;= u; isÿ jQjla nj
.=K;s,lh' l÷ uqÿfKa le,Ej ueo msyás l=¿Kg tÈk jd¾;d fjhs'
rd;s%fha m%ydrhla t,a, úh' m%ydrlhka m<uqfjka
fldamar,ajrhd fj; w;a fndaïnhla oud .id we;' Tyq
thska >d;khg ,la jQ w;r wfkl=;a fin¿kaf.a
m%ydr ksid m%ydrlhska lKavdhu miq nei f.dia we;'
l=¿fKa mdou jgd mqmqrK øjH ne| msmsrùug iQodkï
lr ;snqK;a fc,s.akhsÜ iys; fiaj kQ, o,ajd .ekSug
fkdyels ùfuka l=¿K úkdYfhka fíreKs' tys
fiajfha fh§ isá rEmjdyskS fiajlhkag o lsisÿ
wk;=rla fkdjqKs' m%ydrhg meñK we;af;a fgf,da
ixúOdkfha m%ydrl lKavdhula njg jd¾;d úh'

rK;=x.
mqoa., uQ,dY% /ilska ;yjqre jQ mßÈ Èjhsk mqj;amf;a
msgq ie,iqï Ys,amshl= f,i fiajh l< rK;=x.
keue;a;d ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa ikakoaO wxYfha
ls%hdldßhlfhla f,i lghq;= lr we;s nj fy<sorõ
ù we;af;a Tyqf.a >d;kh;a iuÕh' Tyq ta jk úg
fiajhg meñK ke;s w;r 1989 jif¾ isÿ jQ Tyqf.a
>d;kho tu foaYmd,kg wod, isÿùula ksid jQjla
nj jd¾;d fõ'

122 123
>d;khka isÿ ù we;s wdldrh ms<n
s | m<d;a wkqj >d;k isÿ ù we;s wdldrh
ksÍCIK lsym
s hla ^wod, mqoa.,hd mÈxÑ ia:dkh fkdj >d;kh jQ m<d;
i,ld j¾. fldg we;'&
^m%Odk ,ehsia;=jg wod, 114 fokd muKla .Kkh
i|yd f.k we;' 114 fokd w;ßka 109 mqreI jk w;r m<d; is x y, fou< uq i a , s ï uq ¿
5 fofkl= ia;S%ka fõ'& .Kk

1' ck jd¾.sl jYfhka >d;k isÿ ù we;s wdldrh niakdysr m<d; 20 08 - 28

W;=re m<d; 09 44 - 51
is x y, 48
fou< 60 kef.kysr
uq i a , s ï 06 m<d; 01 06 05 12

tl;=j 114 wfkl=;a m<d;a 20 - 01 21

úfoaY rgj, - 02 - 02

2' fCIa;% wkqj >d;k isÿ ù we;s wdldrh uq¿ .Kk 48 60 06 114

fuh t;rï meyeÈ,sj j¾.SlrKh l< fkdyels w;r

iuyre udOH iy idys;H l,d wxYj,g tlfia m%lg 3' m%Odk fya;= wkqj >d;k isÿ ù we;s wdldrhka
jQ wh fj;s' tfy;a o< jYfhka jeä wkkH;dj m< 1' ckjd¾.sl m%Yk a h$hqoO
a h yd ta wdY%;
s >d;k ^fou<
l< fCIa;%h wkqj fldgia lsÍu lr we;' udOHfõ§ka ikakoaO lKavdhï ìys ùu" wNHka;r >d;k yd
fldgig PdhdrEm udOHfõ§ka 4la we;=<;ah' ye¢kaùu lKavdhï w;r >d;k wdÈho we;=<;a&
ms<sn| újdohla we;s úoaHq;a udOH fCIa;%fha bxðfkare 2' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK úiska we;s l< NSIKh yd
yd ld¾ñl ks,OdÍka fuys§ we;=<;a ù we;af;a udOH rdcH m%;s NSIKh ksid isÿjQ >d;k
jD;a;sl fCIa;%hgh' 3' foaYmd,lhkaf.a yd fjk;a l=uka;%K ksid isÿ
l< >d;k ^ÿ¾j,;d iy ¥IK jxpd wlghq;=lï
1' udOHfõ§ka - 54 fy<sorõ ùu je<elaùu i|yd l< >d;k wdÈh
2' udOH fiajlhska - 29 we;=<;ah' WodyrK" úu,a tia iqf¾kaø" iïm;a
3' ysñlrejka$fldgialrejka - 04 ,laud,a" frdayK l=udr iy ,ika; úl%u;=x.&
4' l,d ixialD;sl ls%hdldßka - 27
5' uq¿ .Kk - 114 fuu m% O dk >d;k fya ; = i|yka ls Í u i|yd
j.=fõ fhdod we;af;a 1" 2" 3 hk wxlh'

124 125
 fya;=j is x y, fou< uq i a , s ï >d;khg fmdÿ ks.uk lsym
s hla
jQ uq¿
.Kk — isÿ ù we;s >d;k 114 ka 80 lau ckjd¾.sl
m% Y a k h" fou< ika k oa O lKa v dhï ìys ùu"
1 14 60 06 80 lKavdhïj, wNHka;r >d;k yd lKavdhï w;r
2 29 - - 29 >d;k" n, wr.," hqoaOh yd ta wdY%s; >d;k fõ'
thska 60 la fou< cd;slhkah'
3 05 - - 05
>d;kh jQ uq¿ — jirla f,i jeäu >d;k ixLHdj igyka jkafka
.Kk 48 60 06 114 1989 jir i|ydh' th 22ls' thska 6la hqoaOhg
wod, f;audjg jefgk w;r wfkla >d;k 14
iïnkaOfhka j.lSu mejÍ we;af;a ck;d úuqla;s
fmruqK fj;h' thska folla ms<sn| fjk;a ielo
— wxl 3 hgf;a >d;kh jQ isxy, 05 fokdf.ka mj;S'
wreK ly|.uf.a ckjd¾.sl m%Yakh yd hqoaOhg
wod, wxl 01 hg;g wh;a úh hq;= njgo m%n, — 1985" 1986" 1992" 2001" 2002 iy 2003 jirj, >d;k
ielhla we;' isÿ jQ njg jd¾;d ke;' ^ f;audjg wod,j fidhd
.;a lreKq wkqj& úfYaIfhka >d;k isÿ fkdjQ
— wxl 1 hgf;a >d;kh jQ uqia,sï 06 fokdf.ka jir ;=k yudrla muK È.= ld,hla igyka jkafka
ksyu;=,,a df.a >d;kh tu f;audjgu wod, fõ±hs 2001" 2002 iy 2003 isg 2004 uehs olajdh' thg
iel iys;h' .=jka wk;=r ckjd¾.sl m%Yakhg yd meyeÈ,s fya;=jla f,i wjfndaO;d .súiqu w;aika
hqoaOhg wod, fõo" foaYmd,k l=uka;%Khlao" lsÍu yd ta wdY%s;j we;sjQ idu ls%hdj,sh ±laúh
hdkfha fodaIhlao hkak fkdúi÷k .eg¿jls' yelsh' 2000 foieïn¾ 10 meje;s uy ue;sjrKfhka
ch .;a tlai;a cd;sl fmruqK 2001 jif¾
fmnrjdß 22 wjfndaO;d .súiqu w;aika fldg
idu lsh % dj,sh wdrïN lf<ah' tu ld,h ;=< fjk;a
>d;k iudch ;=< isÿ jQ w;r t,aààBh úiska
nqoaê wxY idudðlhka yd úreoaOjd§ka >d;kh
jßka jr lrf.k .sfhah' tfy;a thg fmr ld,fha
iy idu ls%hdj,sh wvmK lr ±uQ 2004 jifrka
miq t<ô 2009 olajd ld,h ;=< mej;s wdldrfha
hqojd§" ksoyia >d;k ls%hdj,sh wvmK ù ;snqKs'

126 127
— wjfndaO;d .súiqu yd idu ls%hdj,sh Èh;a jQ
jljdkqj ;=< udOHfõ§" udOH jD;a;sl iy l,d
ixialD;sl ls%hdldÍkaf.a >d;k jd¾;d fkdjQjdg
idfmaCIj" fuf;la b;sydih ;=< udOH iy
udOHfõ§ka u¾okh iDcqju b,lal fldg .;a
>d;k je<la isÿ ù we;af;a idu lsh % dj,sh kej;=kq
2004 wfma%,a isg 2009 ud¾;= olajd jk ld,h ;=<h'
2004 jif¾ wfm% a , a 04 jeks o d meje;s uy
ue;s j rKfhka ch.;a tla i ;a ck;d ks o yia
ikaOdkh fï jk úg;a rg md,kh lrk w;r
isÿ ù we;s >d;k .Kk 36 ls' thg isxy,
udOHfõ§ka 4la iy f,aLlfhla we;=<;a fõ' uqi, a ï
s
udOHfõÈfhla iy f,aLlfhlao ta w;r fj;s'
b;s ß 29 fokdu fou< udOHfõ§ka " udOH
whs ; s l rejka yd udOH fia j lhs k a h ' tla
ix.S;{fhla o fjhs' fï ld,hg wh;a iïm;a
,laud,af.a iy ,ika; úl%u;=x.f.a >d;k yer
wfkla >d;k ;sia y;ru ^34& iDcqju hqoaOh yd
nef|a ' is x y, ;s f ofkla yd uq i a , s ï fofokd
fndaïnj,g f.dÿre ù >d;kh jQy' fou< úiskj
fokdf.ka úis y;lau >d;kh ù we;af;a iDcq
f,iu hqo mqj;a" udkj ysñlï W,a,x>Khka jd¾;d
ùu je<elaùu iy tajd m%pdrh jk udOH u¾okh
lsÍu wruqKq lr f.kh' tajd" ksoyia woyia ±Íu"
woyia m%ldY lsÍu yd ikakf s õokh lsÍu je<elaùu
fukau W;=f¾ ck Ôú;h ms<sn| i;H f,dalfhka
iÕjd ;eîu wruqKq lr .;a >d;khkah' fou<
udOH fCIa;f % ha m%n,hka lsyms fofkl=u fï ld,h
;=< >d;khg ,la jQy'

128