IN THE COURTROOM:

TIME FOR A VERDICT

INTRODUCTION: This presentation is about the controversy in days of worship

among Christians.

QUESTION: “Why do Sabbath keepers worship on Saturday, while majority

of Christians worship on Sunday? So which amongst these
groups are Biblically correct?”

This series will answer this into details so follow this court proceedings and
make a fair judgement at the end.
IN THE COURTROOM: TIME FOR A VERDICT (1)

The honorable Judge Fair will be presiding today in a case where Mr. Sunday has accused
Mr. Sabbath of causing disunity, division and legalism in the Christian world. Mr.
Remnant will defend his client, while Mr. Majority will lead the prosecution. The hearing
begins. ....

Court is now in session. All please rise. Everyone in the courtroom rose to their feet as
Judge Fair entered the room and took his place in the judge’s chair.

“You may be seated. Will the prosecutors and the defendants please approach the bench,” he
beckoned.

“Mr. Sabbath, you have been accused by the plaintiff, Mr. Sunday, of causing disunity,
division and legalism in the Christian world. Mr. Remnant, are you prepared to defend your
client today before the court?”

“Yes, Your Honour. We are ready.”

“Mr. Majority, are you prepared to proceed with the prosecution?”

“Yes, Your Honor. We are prepared.”

“Very well. You may return to your seats. Mr. Majority, you may give your opening remarks
to the jury at this time.”

“Thank you, Your Honor.”

The prosecuting attorney walked confidently toward the jury to lay out his case.

“Ladies and Gentlemen of the jury, we are here today to prove that Mr. Sabbath is guilty of
the horrendous crime of bringing disunity, division and a spirit of legalism into the Christian
world. This cannot be tolerated by a God-fearing, Christian people. We wish to see to it that
this perversion of the gospel be stopped once and for all. Further, we shall demonstrate that
the day set aside for Christian worship and rest is the first day of the week, not the seventh,
as Mr. Sabbath supposes. My client, Mr. Sunday, has been slandered and desecrated by the
multitudes. This disrespect is bad enough coming from the secular world, but when
professing Christians begin to show the same disrespect, while honoring this old Jew, Mr.
Sabbath, it is high time we put an end to his usurpation of the seat, rightfully held by Mr.
Sunday. Thank you. That will be all for now, Your Honor.”

“Mr. Remnant, you may now address the jury.”

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The defense attorney arose, approached the jury, and began to speak to the accusations of the
plaintiff.

“Ladies and Gentlemen of the jury, it is my pleasure to represent Mr. Sabbath in this
unfortunate case. I say unfortunate, for if all parties were willing to stand by the word of
God, and His word only, this case need not have gone to court.

“As to the charges of disunity and division, we agree that such has taken place. Truth brings
division. It always has, not through any fault of the truth, but by unwillingness on the part of
many to embrace the truth. We will prayerfully demonstrate that Mr. Sabbath is not to be
blamed for the present disunity.

“As to the charges of bringing a spirit of legalism into the churches, this too, we shall prove
is not the fault of Mr. Sabbath, but rather the fault of many who have misunderstood him,
among both his adherents and his enemies. Just as Martin Luther was falsely accused of
introducing anarchy and fanaticism into the church, when such unfortunate attitudes were
manifest by some, so also is Mr. Sabbath now falsely accused. Legalism has often been a
problem in the churches, but more often, a falsely perceived legalism, by the liberal class,
has been just as much, if not a greater problem.

“We shall also show that because a thing is Jewish, or was observed by the Hebrews, does
not make it wrong. None of us would dream of discarding Jesus because He was a Jew.”
With that, he turned toward the bench.

“I will rest my case for now, Your Honor.”

The Judge leaned forward in his chair and addressed Mr. Majority. “Now that the jury has
been introduced to the parties involved and heard the charges, you may proceed with the
prosecution.”

“Thank you, Your Honor. At this time I would like to call my first witness to the stand –
Pastor Smooth.”

Pastor Smooth came forward, was sworn in, and took his seat on the witness stand. The
prosecuting attorney greeted him and began the questioning.

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IN THE COURTROOM: TIME FOR A VERDICT continues (2) ....

“Pastor Smooth, is it not true that Mr. Sabbath has caused disunity within your
congregation?”

“Yes, sir, he certainly has.”

“Would you like to tell the court just how he did this?”

“I would be happy to,” replied the Pastor. “He came into our midst and began to preach that
we are still under the Law of Moses and that the seventh day was the day we should observe.
He insisted that we live as the Jews. I tried to show him that we are Gentiles and are now
under grace.”

“And how did Mr. Sabbath respond to that?” queried Majority.

“He started mixing grace and the law together, somehow. I read to him Ephesians 2:8 and 9,
which clearly tells us we are saved by grace, not by our works, but he just side-stepped the
issue.”

“I see,” said the attorney. “And what has been the result of his teaching upon your
congregation?”

“It has been a disaster,” declared the Pastor. He has managed to draw away some of my
members, and some of the more studious ones, at that! They’ve been fooled.”

“Thank you, Pastor. That will be all for now, Your Honor.” Mr. Majority returned to his seat
grinning.

“Would the defense like to cross-examine the witness at this time?” asked judge Fair.

“Thank you, Your Honor, I would.” Approaching the Pastor, the defense attorney began:
“Pastor Smooth, is it not true that your denomination teaches that we should keep the Ten
Commandments?”

“Well, yes it does, but that doesn’t mean we keep the Jewish Sabbath. That was part of the
Law of Moses. To us, the first day of the week is the day of rest and worship,” asserted the
Pastor.

“Who gave the Ten Commandments?” asked Remnant.

“Well, God gave them, I guess,” acknowledged Smooth.

“I see. And by what authority do you change the day God specified with His own finger and
voice?”
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“Well, everyone knows the early church began to keep the first day of the week in honor of
the resurrection,” answered the witness.

“I must question your assumption that ‘everyone knows’ that to be the case,” asserted the
attorney. “Suppose you demonstrate to the court, from the Bible, that the early church
replaced the seventh day with the first day of the week.”

“Objection, Your Honor.” Mr. Majority rose to his feet. “The Pastor should not have to
demonstrate his belief on such short notice.”

“Objection overruled,” responded the judge. “If this teaching has been so recently a point of
dissension and the Pastor has done his homework on the subject, he should be able to defend
what he teaches. Please proceed to answer the question, Pastor Smooth.”

“Oh, yes... of course, stammered the Pastor. Well, Jesus met with the disciples the day of His
resurrection, which was Sunday. In fact, the Scripture says that they were gathered together
on the first day for worship.”

“You are obviously referring to John 20:19,” interjected Mr. Remnant. “The text says
nothing about gathering for worship. Rather, it says, ‘Then the same day at evening, being
the first day of the week, when the doors were shut where the disciples were
ASSEMBLED FOR FEAR OF THE JEWS, came Jesus and stood in the midst, and
saith unto them, Peace be unto you.’ They were obviously in hiding, fearing they might be
arrested. In fact, many still doubted that Jesus had risen.”

“That is true, but then Jesus met with them again the following Sunday,” insisted Smooth.
“That proves that Sunday became the regular meeting day.”

“You are referring now to John 20:26, which reads, ‘And after eight days again his
disciples were within, and Thomas with them: then came Jesus, the doors being shut,
and stood in the midst, and said, Peace be unto you.’ After eight days is supposed, by
some, to mean the following Sunday, however, it is important to allow the Bible to interpret
itself.

In 2 Kings 11:5 and 7 it speaks of the rotation of the Levites from one Sabbath to the
following Sabbath, was considered ‘after seven days (also refer to Exodus 29:30 and 1
Chronicles 9:25). Therefore, after eight days would reach beyond Sunday to the following
Monday.

“And I am sure that you are aware that days were reckoned from evening to evening in those
days, not midnight to midnight?”

“Yes, I am aware of that.”

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“Then isn’t it likely that the first meeting could easily have extended beyond sunset, into the
second day of the week? That would make eight days after refer to Tuesday.

“Well, I suppose that is possible, but there are plenty more proof texts to show that Sunday
was the new Christian Sabbath,” insisted the Pastor.

“Before we go on to your next ‘proof text’, let’s assume that this was the first day of the
week,” suggested Remnant. “Would that fact be sufficient to establish Sunday as the new
Sabbath? Is there sufficient evidence, or any evidence at all that the disciples were not to
observe the Sabbath of the fourth commandment any longer?”

“Well,” responded Smooth, “like I said, there are plenty more texts to consider.”

“Since the only other references to the first day of the week, in the four Gospels, are all
dealing with this same account of the resurrection, may I suggest that we move on to the
book of Acts and the epistles?” asked Remnant.

“Sure, that would be fine. Like I said, there are plenty more. Let’s start with Acts 20 from
verse 7 onwards. It says there that the believers gathered together to break bread on the first
day of the week. That ought to be all the evidence we need,” asserted Smooth.

“Not so fast,” cautioned the defense attorney. “You have acknowledged that days were
considered from evening to evening (Leviticus 23:32). We are told that there were lights in
the upper chamber and that Paul spoke until midnight. In other words, they met on what we
would consider today to be Saturday night. Would you agree?”

“Well, yes, but what does that have to do with anything?” pondered Smooth. “It was still the
first day.”

“If this was Saturday night, then Paul left on Sunday morning to walk 20 miles across the
isthmus to meet up with the ship. Does that sound like it was the Christian Sabbath?
Furthermore, aren’t we told in Acts 2:46 that the disciples broke bread daily from house to
house?”

Pastor Smooth appeared a bit ruffled. “Well, the point is, they did meet on the first day. That
has to be significant.”

“Perhaps it is significant,” agreed Remnant. “When all the facts are considered, Paul walking
20 miles Sunday morning, the disciples leaving before the meetings the night before on the
ship, and the breaking of the bread after they had departed, a different picture begins to
emerge. Perhaps the disciples waited until after the Sabbath to leave on the ship to Assos.
Perhaps the breaking of the bread was a farewell dinner for Paul and not a communion
service. Would you agree that is a possibility?”

“Well, I must admit that I never saw it in that light,” conceded the Pastor.

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“So far, in any of these passages,” continued Remnant, “has there been any title at all given
to the first day of the week?”

“Objection, Your Honor,” interrupted Majority. “The question posed is irrelevant.”

“Your Honor,” responded Remnant, “I would think that if the first day was to take place of
the seventh day Sabbath, somewhere there would be a title or special designation given to the
day. Surely you will agree that the question is pertinent?”

“Objection overruled,” the judge decided. “All evidence, as well as lack of evidence, should
be considered. Proceed with the cross-examination.”

“I ask again, has there been a title given to the first day of the week in any of these
passages?”

“No, I guess there hasn’t been. However, in Revelation 1:10 John says, ‘I was in the Spirit
on the Lord’s Day.’ So you see, the first day is the Lord’s Day,” the Pastor said
triumphantly.

“Can you prove that John was speaking of the first day of the week? asked Remnant. “The
text itself does not specify the day.”

“Well, everyone knows it was Sunday,” answered Smooth.

“No. Many assume it was. Tradition may have it that way, but the Bible tells us that the
seventh day is the Lord’s Day,” the attorney said.

“Objection, Your Honor.” Majority was on his feet again. “Tradition is important in this
matter. Surely the church cannot dismiss such ancient tradition. It must have its proper place
in settling doctrinal disputes of this nature. The church could not have been wrong all down
through the centuries.”

THE COURT PROCEEDINGS TO CONTINUE. ... MORE WITNESSES TO

FOLLOW AFTER PASTOR SMOOTH WILL BE THROUGH. STAY BLESSED

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IN THE COURTROOM: TIME FOR A VERDICT continues (3) ....

“Your Honor,” interjected the defense attorney, “The Pastor is a protestant. The accused is a
protestant. The churches in which the defendant has been accused of creating division are
protestant. Protestants have always claimed to take their stand on the Bible, and the Bible
only.

“Objection overruled.”

“Pastor Smooth, is it not true that the only day ever designated as the Lord’s, in Scripture, is
the seventh day? For example, in Isaiah 58:13, God calls the seventh day “My holy day.” In
the fourth commandment the seventh day is designated as “the Sabbath of the Lord,” and
in several other places we find similar declarations. Doesn’t it make sense that “the Lord’s
Day” would continue to be the seventh day unless God specifically said differently?”

There was a moment of silence that was followed by a wave of whispers through the
courtroom.

The attorney continued. “You have one more text dealing with the first day. If we fail to find
a title or Commandment for rest and worship in that text, then you must admit that you have
no scriptural authority for the change of the Sabbath.”

“Well, I think we do have the evidence we need there.”

“I suppose you are speaking of 1 Corinthians 16:2?”

“That is correct,” agreed the Pastor.

“Would you care to quote it for the court?

“Well, I can’t quote it word for word, but it gives us a commandment to place money in the
offering plate on the first day of the week,” the Pastor said, smiling.

“Please allow me to quote it for the court,” replied Remnant. “It actually reads, ‘upon the
first day of the week let every one of you lay by him in store, as God hath prospered
him, that there be no gatherings when I come.’

“See there! Just like I told you.”

“Hold on! The phrase, “lay by him in store” means to store up at home. In fact, some
translations word it that way,” explained Remnant. “This is not a passing of the plate in
church. Furthermore, this would require a bit of business reckoning to determine how God
had prospered the individual. That would seem a little inconsistent with Sabbath
observance.” Remnant paused a moment to allow those truths to sink in.

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“Furthermore, Paul was collecting provisions for the poor saints in Jerusalem. In Acts 11 we
are told of a dearth in Judea. If this was the case, they needed more than just money. Perhaps
this ‘storing up at home’ involved produce from their fields and vineyards. That type of
gathering would take some time, which Paul hoped would be done before he came. I think
we can all agree that merely passing the collection plate during church service is not that
time consuming.”

“Objection, Your Honor! He is reading things into the text,” declared Majority.

“Your Honor, I am not reading any more into the text than the Pastor has read into it. I am
merely presenting a reasonable possibility, if not a probability, from its context,” explained
the defense attorney.

“Objection overruled. We cannot allow speculation from only one side,” declared Judge Fair.

“Pastor Smooth, continued Remnant, “we have considered all the first day texts of the New
Testament and not one of them alone, or all combined, is sufficient evidence to claim that
Sunday is the Lord’s Day or the Christian Sabbath. Have you any other verses that you
would like to bring forward to support Sunday?”

“No, I suppose not,” the dejected Pastor answered.

“That will be all for now, Your Honor”, concluded the defense attorney.

“Pastor Smooth, you may step down. Would the prosecution like to bring forward another
witness at this time?” offered the judge.

“Mr. Majority responded, “Yes, Your Honor. At this time I would like to call Dr. Divine to
the witness stand.”

The sharply dressed Dr. Divine made his way to the front and was sworn in.

“The prosecutor began, “Dr. Divine, would you please tell the court the type of work you
do?”

“I am a theologian from the local Divinity School. I also teach systematic theology at the
seminary,” responded the learned Doctor.

“I see – systematic theology – then you must know something of this subject of the Christian
Sabbath,” asserted Majority.

“Why yes, I have done considerable study into the subject,” answered the theologian.

“Would you like to tell the court your understanding from all your research and study on the
subject? In summary of course.” The attorney chuckled, realizing that time did not allow for
an extended discourse from a lettered theologian.
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“I would be happy to,” responded the Doctor. “From my study on the subject, it would seem
quite evident that Mr. Sunday is in the right and that Mr. Sabbath should relinquish the case.”

“Objection, Your Honor. The witness should present the evidence, not give the verdict,”
claimed the defense attorney.

“Objection sustained. Let’s leave the verdict with the jury,” declared Judge Fair.

“Dr. Divine, please share with the court your evidence that the first day of the week is to be
observed,” requested Majority.

“First of all, nearly every denomination observes Sunday. History reveals that Sunday has
the Christian day of worship since the church was established. Many of the Ante-Nicene
fathers of the church spoke of the first day of the week,” asserted the theologian.

“Please explain what is meant by Ante-Nicene fathers,” insisted the prosecutor.

“They are the leaders of the early church who lived and wrote prior to the Council of Nicea
in 325 A.D.”

“Can you give us an example of one of these fathers?” Asked the attorney.

“Sure. Clement of Alexandria wrote about the eighth day being the Lord’s Day. Obviously,
the eighth day is the first day of a new week, or Sunday.”

“Can you tell us when Clement wrote this?”

“Yes. He wrote this in the year 194 A.D.,” the Doctor responded.

“That is getting very close to the first century. Do you have any earlier evidence?” quizzed
Majority.

“Of course! Pliny the younger, proconsul of Pontus near the close of the first century,
mentions that the Christians customarily met on the first day. And there was Ignatius of
Antioch who was martyred in 115 A.D. In some of his writings he speaks of the Lord’s
Day,” related Dr. Divine.

“That is quite early. Did he have contact with any of the apostles?”

“Yes. It is believed that he conversed with the apostle John,” answered the theologian.

“And isn’t the apostle John the same who wrote the book of Revelation and who used the
term the Lord’s Day?” pried the attorney.

“Yes, indeed. One and the same.”

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“Then, obviously, we have this ancient witness who knew first hand from John that Sunday
was the Lord’s Day. Thank you Dr. Divine. That is all for now, Your Honor.” The prosecutor
strutted back to his client.

“Would the defense wish to cross-examine the witness at this time?” Judge Fair offered.

“Yes Your Honor.” Attorney Remnant arose and approached the witness. “Dr. Divine, I
could not help but notice that you did not refer to the Bible, but rather to the supposed fathers
of the church. Would you like to explain this to the court?”

“The Ante-Nicene fathers give us a bridge back to the early church. We can better
understand the Scriptures by examining the fathers’ writings,” stated Divine.

“That is interesting, but I thought the Holy Spirit was to help us interpret the Word.”

“Objection, Your Honor,” interrupted Majority. “It would appear that the defense is trying to
discount historical information.”

“Objection sustained.” Agreed the Judge. History should have its place as evidence.”

“Do you refer to the fathers because there is no sufficient evidence in the Bible to support
Sunday?” queried Remnant.

“Well, I must admit, the evidence is scanty from the Bible. That was demonstrated earlier,”
admitted Divine. “But with the fathers, we can clarify what John meant when he used the
term ‘Lord’s Day.’ ”

“You mentioned Ignatius of Antioch,” continued Remnant. “I happen to have here some
information that you should be familiar with.”

The defense attorney shuffled through a few papers in his hand. “It is my understanding that
the letter, supposedly written by Ignatius to the Magnesians, is the only one in which the
Lord’s Day is mentioned. Is that the way you understand it?”

“Well ... yes. I suppose that is right,” admitted Divine.

“But you said a moment ago, he speaks of the Lord’s Day in some of his writings. Would
you like to clarify that?”

“I’m sorry. I was mistaken,” acknowledged the witness. There was only this one occurrence I
know of.”

“Now, Dr. Divine, is it not true that the letter to the Magnesians is not among those three?”
pressed the attorney.

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“Yes, that is also correct.” The theologian’s head was beginning to sag.

“I am also told that the word ‘day’ is not even to be found in the supposed passage. In the
original language, the writer had written ‘Kuriake xon,’ which should be understood as
‘Lord’s life,’ not ‘Lord’s Day.’

“If that is true, I was not aware of it.”

“So, what we have here is the so-called ‘connecting link’ between the apostles and the later
fathers, which not only is reported to be spurious, but does not even contain the words
‘Lord’s Day’!

“As for Pliny, surely you are aware that in his often quoted passage in defense of Sunday, he
mentions neither the Lord’s Day nor the first day of the week, specifically?”

“Well.... I...... uh....”

“What he actually wrote was that Christians, quote, ‘accustomed on a stated day to meet
together.’ End of quote. There is no way of determining what day that was, or even if it was
always the same day that they stated.

“Let’s now consider Clement of Alexandria,” proposed Remnant. “Here is the passage you
referred to, written in 194 A.D. And the Lord’s Day Plato prophetically speaks of in the tenth
book of the Republic, in these words: ‘And after seven days have passed to each of them
in the meadow, on the eighth they are set out and arrive in four days. .... But the
seventh day is recognized as sacred, not by the Hebrews only, but also by the Greeks;
according to which the whole world of all animals and plants revolve.’ End of quote.”

The witness was looking quite deflated at this point. There were murmurs throughout the
courtroom.

“Are you sure you want to introduce this passage, a quote from Plato, in favor of Sunday?
Do you wish to build a case using such pagan philosophy?’

“Well... uh. ... no. I guess not,” Divine mumbled.

“That will be all for now, Your Honor,” said the defense attorney, returning to his seat.

“Does the prosecution wish to question the witness any further?” asked the judge.

The prosecuting attorney leaned over to his client, Mr. Sunday, and whispered, “It’s probably
not a good idea to pursue the early writer’s any further. We just lost track with those three.”
Then turning to the Judge, “No sir, Your Honor; not at this time.”

“Fine. The court will now recess for lunch. We will resume at 2:00,” Judge Fair announced.

12
During lunch, the plaintiff and his attorney met together to discuss the course they should
take. So far, things were not going well, and if the tide did not turn soon, the jury was sure to
be convinced against them.

“I propose we present a case against the law. It is my understanding that the law has been
done away with, now that we are under grace,” suggested Majority.

“No, that will never work. Most every denomination agrees that the Ten Commandments are
still binding today. Besides, there are too many Scriptures that support the Commandments
in the New Testament. For example, Paul said in Romans 3:31, ‘Do we then make void the
law through faith? God forbid: yea, we establish the law.’ It is quite clear that Paul was
referring to the Moral law, for he would not suggest we establish the sacrifices and Jewish
ordinances.”

“I see what you mean,” acknowledged Majority. “Come to think about it, the apostle John
spoke of keeping the Commandments several times in his epistles. Then we are going to
have to show from the Bible that the seventh day is no longer the Sabbath.”

“Precisely.”

“We dare not call the theologian to the stand again. I’m afraid his credibility was just
diminished, warned the attorney. “Why don’t we call our popular Evangelist to the stand? He
is well versed in the Scriptures.”

“That was my thinking as well. He is our best bet at this point, Mr. Sunday reasoned. “We
better go give him a heads-up, so he will be prepared.”

Meanwhile, in the defense chambers, Mr. Sabbath and his attorney sat in counsel together.

“By the grace of God, things are looking in our favor so far, but you can be sure that the
battle is not won yet,” cautioned Attorney Remnant. “You realize that only a few
denominations observe the seventh day. Our prayer needs to be that the jury is honest and
will not give way to prejudice or preconceived ideas. Thankfully, Judge Fair has lived up to
his name. I had to wonder if he was going to sustain a couple of the defense’s Objections.”

“He did sustain one Objection, reminded Sabbath.

“Yes, the one about history having its place. But that was understandable. History does have
its place, and now that a precedence has been set, we may well use that to our advantage.”

“That’s for sure. Fortunately, the burden is on their shoulders to show that the first day
replaced the seventh day. And as we know, that is an insurmountable obstacle, for there is
not a single Scripture to support them. Should they resort to history, we have ample evidence
there as well, said Mr. Sabbath.

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“My guess is that they will begin to attack you, Mr. Sabbath,” conjectured the attorney. “You
will be assaulted with all they can muster.”

“It won’t be the first time, and probably not the last.

“That’s okay. I’m sure Pastor Berea will be ready to come to our defense. That noble man
knows the Bible. He has been searching the Scriptures daily for as long as I have known
him,” encouraged Sabbath.

“Good! Hey, we better get something to eat; time is slipping away, noted Remnant.

“Oh, you go ahead. I think I’ll just have some water and spend a little time in prayer,”
answered Sabbath.

“Very well. I’ll meet you back here at 2:00.”

THE TRIAL CONTINUES. ....

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IN THE COURTROOM: TIME FOR A VERDICT continues (4) ....

When the trial was back in session, Attorney Remnant glanced around the courtroom. There
had been a fairly good crowd in the morning, but now the attendance had swelled to the point
that it was difficult to find an empty seat.

“It would appear that the interest in this trial is growing,” he commented.

“Yes, it sure looks that way,” agreed Sabbath. “And I rejoice. By this means, many will have
an opportunity to hear the truth who have never heard it before.”

When everyone was called to order, Judge Fair, once again, asked the prosecution if they
would like to call a witness to the stand.

Attorney Majority responded, “Yes, Your Honor. At this time we would like to call
Evangelist Jambres to the stand.”

The distinguished looking Evangelist came forward, was sworn in, and asked by the
prosecuting Attorney to identify himself to the court.

“My name is Jambres. I am an Evangelist with the Holiness Church.”

“Mr. Jambres, do you find evidence from the New Testament that the seventh day Sabbath
was abolished?” probed Majority.

“Oh yes! You will not find the Gentiles ever observing the Old Sabbath. In fact, when the
apostles met for counsel in Jerusalem over the issue of Gentiles and the law, it was clearly
stated that they should only abstain from meat offered to idols and from things strangled.
That was the extent of it.”

“Are there any Scriptures that directly show that the Jewish Sabbath was taken out of the
way or abolished?”

“In Colossians 2:14, Paul tells us that the “handwriting of ordinances was nailed to the
cross,” and in verse 16, he specifically says the Sabbath was included,” says Jambres.

Sabbath leaned over and whispered to his attorney that perhaps he should object, but
Remnant patted his client’s shoulder and whispered back, “Don’t worry, we’ll have our
turn.”

The prosecutor continued, “That appears to be strong evidence, indeed. Are there any other
passages you would like to mention?”

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“Yes. Paul wrote the letter to the Galatians with the purpose of correcting the believer’s
error of returning to the Jewish days of worship. He called them weak and beggarly. If I may,
I will read it to you from this Bible here on the stand.”

“Any Objection, Your Honor?” asked Majority.

“No. Go right ahead,” the Judge allowed.

“Let’s see... oh yes, here it is. Galatians 4:9 and 10. ‘But now, after that ye have known
God, or rather are known of God, how turn ye, again to the weak and beggarly
elements, whereunto ye desire again to be in bondage? Ye observe days, and months,
and times, and years.’ Now, bear in mind that the Jews observed annual feasts, jubilee
years, etc., in addition to the weekly Sabbath. Paul clearly says that they should not return to
these things.”

“Very interesting. Thank you, Mr. Jambres.” Majority acknowledged he was finished with
the witness for the time being, promptly returning to his seat.

Judge Fair looked over the defense attorney. “Would the defense like to cross-examine the
witness at this time?”

“Yes, thank you, Your Honor.” Attorney Remnant glanced quickly at the notes he had jotted
down and then approached the witness.

“Mr. Jambres, you mentioned the Council in Acts 15, where the apostles and elders
discussed the subject of the law and the Gentiles?” queried Remnant.

“Yes, I did.”

“Isn’t it true that the brethren in Antioch sent Paul and Barnabas to Jerusalem to primarily
discuss the subject of circumcision?” asked the attorney.

“Well, yes. There had been dissension over circumcision and the law of Moses,” answered
Jambres.

“You said that you are with the Holiness Church. You should be familiar, then, with Adam
Clarke’s commentaries; am I right?”

“Oh yes. I have referred to them often in my studies,” answered the Evangelist.

“Did you refer to Clarke’s comments on these verses?” questioned Remnant.

“I’m not sure if I did,” responded the witness.

“Allow me to read Clarke’s view of the law discussed at that council,” offered the attorney as
he pulled out some notes. “I quote, ‘This does not refer to the Moral law -- that was
16
eternal obligation -- but ritual law, which, through the multitude of its sacrifices,
ordinances, etc., was exceedingly burdensome to the Jewish people.’ ”

The quotation appeared to catch the Evangelist by surprise.

“Uh.... well.... the Sabbath was a part of the ritual law that the Jerusalem council was
discussing, I’m sure,” the witness said with a tone of assurance.

“In other words, this is merely an assumption on your part, isn’t that right?”

“True, but it is based on the fact that the Sabbath was a part of the Law of Moses,” reasoned
Jambres.

“The Sabbath is in the very heart of the Ten Commandments, is it not?” questioned the
attorney.

“Yes, I suppose it is.”

“So then, Mr. Jambres, what you are saying is that the Jerusalem council decided the
Gentiles did not have to serve the Ten Commandments. It was alright for them to steal, take
the Lord’s name in vain, dishonor parents, etc.?”

“Well, I wouldn’t go that far,” the witness assured.

“But Mr. Jambres, that is the only logical conclusion. If the Sabbath was included among
those things the Gentiles did not observe, and it was not specifically singled out from among
the other nine precepts of the Decalogue, then it only stands to reason that the Ten
Commandments were made null and void as far as the Gentiles were concerned.”

“Ah, but the Sabbath was Jewish,” replied Jambres. “The other nine Commandments are
universal principles. Both Jews and Gentiles would naturally obey the other nine.”

“Mr. Jambres, how many Jews were living when God created the earth?”

“Well, none, I suppose.”

“And when was the Sabbath made and sanctified?” pressed the attorney.

“On the seventh day of creation week,” acknowledged the witness.

“And did not Jesus declare, ‘The Sabbath was made for man’? He did not say for the Jew,
but for mankind. In all of the Bible you will not find a single verse that says ‘the Jewish
Sabbath’ or ‘the Sabbath of the Jews.’ God declared it to be His holy day. Will you agree
with that?”

17
“I can’t honestly say that I have searched for such a phrase,” responded the Evangelist. “But
I do recall God saying He could no longer tolerate their Sabbaths, meaning the Jews’
Sabbaths.”

“If you are referring to Leviticus 26:35, the Lord did mention ‘your Sabbaths,’ stated
Remnant. “But if you read the two verses before it, you will find that God was speaking of
the Sabbath rest of the land, which was to be every seventh year. This was not the seventh
day Sabbath of the Lord. Or perhaps you are referring to Hosea 2:11, where it is prophesied
that Jerusalem’s feasts and new moons and Sabbaths would cease, because they were going
to be taken into captivity. Contextually, these sabbaths were yearly sabbaths associated with
the feasts of weeks, and observed, by commandment, in Jerusalem. There are no verses that
identify the seventh day Sabbath as exclusively Jewish.”

Jambres showed a little sign of relinquishing the case. “In the Sabbath Commandment itself,
the Israelites are told to keep it because the Lord had brought them out of Egypt. That means
it was a Jewish institution.”

“That being the case, I suppose the command to be fair with strangers, orphans and widows
is also Jewish as found in Deuteronomy 24:17 and 18?

Whispers rolled across the courtroom. Jambres did not respond to the attorney’s reasoning.
Remnant continued, “The passage you referred to was not the original giving of the law at
Sinai, but a rehearsal of the Commandments by Moses some time later. It should seem clear
to all that Moses was appealing to their sense of gratitude for having been brought out of
Egypt, as motivation to keep God’s Commandments. However, the reason given by God,
when He Himself wrote and spoke the Commandments, was different. Exodus 20:11 reads,
‘For in six days the Lord made the heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is,
and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the Sabbath day and hallowed
it.’ God directs their minds to creation, not deliverance from Egypt. The seventh day Sabbath
was clearly given as a memorial of the creation week.”

The reasoning was so sound, the Evangelist had nothing to say. Majority sat stone-faced
offering no objection.

“Before we leave this discussion about the Sabbath being Jewish,” added Remnant, “In the
third chapter of Romans, the first two verses, Paul explains that it was advantageous to be
Jewish back then, for unto them were committed the oracles of God.” In other words, God’s,
word was entrusted to the Hebrew people. They were the depository of truth. Do you agree
with that Mr. Jambres?”

“I guess I can’t argue with Paul,” he conceded.

“In Romans 9:4 and 5, he goes on to say, ‘who are Israelites; to whom pertaineth the
adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the law, and the service of
God, and the promises. ... and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ came.’ Mr.

18
Jambres, surely you would not throw out the adoption, the glory, the promises, and Jesus
Himself, because they are Jewish, would you?”

“Well... no. ... I see your point,” the witness said.

“But I have referred to other texts which clearly demonstrates the abolition of the Sabbath.”

“For example?” Quizzed the attorney.

“Colossians 2:14 through 16. There Paul clearly shows the cancellation of the Sabbath,”
declared Jambres.

THE TRIAL WILL CONTINUES AS REMNANT RESPONDS TO THIS

CHALLENGE..... God bless

19
IN THE COURTROOM: TIME FOR A VERDICT continues (5) ....

“Fine. We shall read that passage to the court.” opening the Bible to the text in question,
Remnant read, verse 14; ‘Blotting out the handwriting of ordinances that was against us,
which was contrary to us, and took it out of the way, nailing it to his cross; Let no man
therefore Judge you in meat, or in drink, or in respect of any holiday, or of the new
moon, or of the Sabbath days,’ and I will include verse 17, ‘Which are a shadow of
things to come.’ This is the proof text you are referring to, correct?”

“That is correct,” assured Jambres.

Sorting through a few papers in his hand, the attorney said, “Please allow me to read what
Adam Clarke had to say on Colossians 2:14. ‘By the handwriting of the ordinances the
apostle most evidently means the ceremonial law.’ So, here Clarke, who is a well-
respected, Sunday observer, who acknowledges that Paul is speaking here of the ceremonial
law, and not the Moral law.”

“Well, I don’t agree with everything Clarke wrote,” asserted Jambres.

“Neither do I, of course. However, the basis of his understanding of this verse was the
meaning of the word ‘ordinances.’ According to Strong’s Concordance, the word is
‘dogma,’ which he defines as ‘civil, ceremonial or ecclesiastical law.’ Bullinger’s Lexicon
and Concordance defines it as ‘that which seems true to one, an opinion, especially of
philosophic dogmas.’ In other words, the Greek word does not point to the Ten
Commandments at all.”

“Well, Perhaps not, but verse 16 specifically mentions the Sabbath,” insisted the witness.

“Let me read Clarke’s comments on this verse. ‘There is no intimation here that the
Sabbath was done away, or that its moral use was superseded, by the introduction of
Christianity.’ He goes on to say that Paul ‘most probably refers to their feasts of
weeks.’ In other words, Clarke believed Paul was speaking of the feasts and their associated
sabbaths,” Remnant declared. “The week-long feasts began and ended with sabbaths that
could fall on any day of the week, because the feasts were based upon monthly dates. This is
much like our birthdays, which land on different days of the week each year. If we compare
this text, involving meats and drinks, holy days and sabbaths, with Leviticus 23:37 and 38,
we will see why Clarke wrote what he did. After explaining all the special, yearly feasts,
Moses proclaimed, ‘These are the feasts of the LORD, which ye shall proclaim to be holy
convocations, to offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD, a burnt offering, and a
meat offering, a sacrifice, and drink offerings, every thing upon his day: BESIDE THE
SABBATHS OF THE LORD, and beside your gifts, and beside all your vows, and
beside all your freewill offerings, which ye give unto the LORD.’ All these were beside
the weekly Sabbath.”

20
“But the word ‘days,’ in the King James Version, is in italics, meaning it is a supplied word
and not found in the original,” argued Jambres. “It should be just Sabbath.”

“True, the word ‘days’ is supplied, but The KJV translators inserted that word because the
Greek word for Sabbath was in plural same as in Hebrew. Should you care to do so, you may
verify this through any good lexicon or concordance,” informed the attorney.

“If that is true, I guess I was not aware of it,” the witness stated reluctantly.

“I believe it is quite clear,” continued Remnant, “that the seventh day Sabbath is not involved
in Colossians 2:16. In verse 17, these meats, drinks, sabbaths, etc., are called shadows. The
Sabbath of the Lord is a memorial of creation, not a shadow. But let as assume for a moment
that the weekly Sabbath was intended in this verse. If we are not to judge anyone about the
Sabbath, why would you judge those who choose not to observe your so-called Christian
Sabbath?”

“To be consistent, I suppose we shouldn’t judge anyone for the day they choose to keep,”
agreed Jambres, “and we don’t.”

“But, isn’t it true, Mr. Jambres, that you have been supportive of Sunday legislation?”

“Well, yes I have. I believe it would help our country, our families and the world if we took
Sunday more seriously. “

“But in so doing, aren’t you disregarding the rights of those whose conviction is that the
seventh day is still the Sabbath?” pressed the defense.

“Well, they can still observe Saturday, if they wish.”

“But the fourth commandment also states, ‘Six days shalt thou labour.’ If you pass laws
enforcing rest on Sunday, you are restricting them to five working days and placing them in a
difficult position,” warned Remnant.

“I see your point,” acknowledged the witness.

“Finally, Mr. Jambres, you referred to the Sabbath as weak and beggarly,’ but....”

“That’s what Paul said,” interrupted Jambres.

“But, was he referring to the seventh day Sabbath? Again, we must take things in their
context. Galatians 4:8 and 9 says, ‘Howbeit then, when ye knew not God, ye did service
unto them which by nature are no gods. But now, after that ye have known God, or
rather are known of God, how turn ye again to the weak and beggarly elements,
whereunto ye desire again to be in bondage?’ These former heathens were not returning to
the Sabbath, but to their pagan holidays, perhaps including Sunday, which was widely
observed in honor of the sun god.”
21
This created a stir throughout the courtroom. Order was restored by the pounding of the
judge’s gavel.

“That will be all for now, Your Honor.” The defense attorney returned to his seat next to his
client.

“Hey, whispered Mr. Sabbath, “You did your homework well!”

“Isn’t that my job?” replied the attorney. “Well, the truth is, I became a Sabbath keeper only
after I had studied these things out pretty thoroughly and was convinced myself.”

After the prosecuting attorney declined the opportunity to question the Evangelist further, the
judge asked the defense if they would like to call anyone to the witness stand.

“Your Honor, I would like to request that Pastor Berea take the stand.”

Berea, in lieu of the oath, stated, “God is my witness, whom I serve with my spirit in the
gospel of His Son.”

After the Pastor was introduced to the court, attorney Remnant began the questioning.
“Pastor, would you please tell the court how you came to observe the seventh day Sabbath?”

“I would be glad to. Several years ago, I began to study Bible prophecy. My attention was
primarily on last day events. As I began to study the books of Daniel and the Revelation, I
realized that one key to interpreting prophecy is a proper understanding of history, especially
as it relates to God’s people.”

“And just what did you find?” questioned Remnant.

THE HEARING WILL CONTINUE AS PASTOR BEREA GIVES HIS

TESTIMONY....

22
IN THE COURTROOM: TIME FOR A VERDICT continues (6) ....

Pastor Berea continues....

“Well I discovered that Daniel had been given visions of the four great empires that would
rule the world, beginning with Babylon. In Daniel, chapter 2, the prophet gives King
Nebuchadnezzar the interpretation of the king’s mysterious dream. He was told that his
kingdom would be followed by three more kingdoms, but finally God’s kingdom would rule
supreme.

In the seventh chapter, Daniel has a vision of these same kingdoms. In the eighth chapter,
which takes place after Babylon has fallen, more details are given concerning the three
remaining kingdoms. These empires are Medo-Persia, Greece, and then Rome. Out of this
fourth kingdom in Daniel chapter 7:7-8, a ‘little horn’ arises, that would complete the reign
of the fourth kingdom of Rome. Nearly all Protestants have, historically, identified this ‘little
horn’ as the papacy. Thus the Roman empire is depicted into two phases, the first as pagan
and the second as papal.”

“Objection, Your Honor. I fail to see how this relates to the case,” refuted the prosecuting
attorney.

“Your Honor, I feel certain that if we bear with the witness a little longer, the relevance will
be quite clear,” appealed Mr. Remnant.

“Objection overruled,” declared Judge Fair. “You may proceed, Pastor Berea.”

“Thank you, Your Honor. In Daniel 7:25, the prophet states of the ‘little horn’ that ‘he shall
speak great words against the Most High, and shall wear out the saints of the most
High, and think to change times and laws: and they shall be given into his hand until a
time and times and the dividing of time.’ The Papacy has been the one power in history to
do these things. It is declared that the Pope is ‘God on earth’ and the ‘Vicar of Christ’ and
claims to have the authority to dispense with, or modify God’s laws. Thus he has spoken
‘great words against the most High’. The papacy has been guilty of persecuting, or
wearing out the saints. Perhaps you have heard of the Bartholomew’s Day of Massacre, in
which the Roman church slaughtered thousands of French Protestants at midnight. Yet that is
only one small episode, as bad as it was, in a long history of persecution since the papal
power received it’s authority in 538 A.D. In 1798, pope Pius Vl received a deadly wound
when he was removed from his throne and taken captive from Rome to France, by French
soldiers under the command of Napoleon, thus fulfilling the 1,260 years, or ‘time and times
and dividing of time’ earlier foretold by Daniel. It is estimated that as many as 50 million
faithful Christians were martyred by the Roman church over the centuries in the period of his
bloody rule.

“Note that he would think to change times and laws. This he could only think to do, because
no one actually has the authority to change God’s law. In ‘The Convert’s Catechism of
23
Catholic Doctrine’, published by the Roman Catholic Church, we find these words. “We
observe Sunday instead of Saturday because the Catholic Church, in the Council of
Laodicea (A.D 336), transferred the solemnity from Saturday to Sunday.” End quote.
The first Sunday law was actually in 321 A.D., but in the 336 council, seventh day
observance was forbidden. So you see, there was an attempted change of time and the law.”

“Objection, Your Honor.” The prosecuting attorney was quick to seize the moment. “The
witness has contradicted himself. He said the papacy reigned from 538 A.D., but now uses
evidence from the year 336.”

“I noticed that as well. Would you like to explain that, Pastor Berea?” asked the Judge.

“Yes, Your Honor. Although the papacy reigned supreme during those 1,260 years from
538, the bishop of Rome, as he was called in those days, was ascending into power at a much
earlier date. The prophet Daniel saw him in ascendancy when he came up among the ten
horns of Europe, plucking up three of those horns in order to come into full power. History
reveals that the Heruli, Vandals, and Ostrogoths were those three horns (tribes that opposed
Rome), the last being removed in 538 hence beginning there 1,260 years rule. History also
reveals that Sylvester 1, bishop of Rome, worked closely with Emperor Constantine on the
first Sunday laws. Constantine had claimed the title ‘Pontifex Maximus’ or supreme pontiff.
That title was conveyed upon the Pope during the reign of Justinian in the sixth century. So,
it was the papal power in the fourth century that changed the day.”

“Objection overruled.”

“So your discovery of this was the deciding factor in your becoming a Sabbath keeper?”
Inquired the defense.

“It was a major stepping stone, but many other questions had to be resolved,” acknowledged
Berea. “As was demonstrated in an earlier testimony, there is no Bible verse that commands
us to keep Sunday rather than the seventh day, commonly called Saturday. I also discovered
that it was prophesied that the Gentiles would embrace the covenant of the Sabbath.”

“Can you tell us where that is found?”

“It is found in the 56th chapter of Isaiah, verse 6. The context of that chapter shows that
the New Covenant is the subject. You will notice many New Testament references in the
margin throughout the chapter.”

“What other evidence led to your decision?”

“In the book of Revelation, the beast, which symbolizes the Roman Empire, is pictured with
a harlot woman riding it. A woman often represents a church in Bible prophecy. In chapter
twelve, we see a pure woman who gives birth to the man-child, Jesus. Here, the woman is the
true church who gets driven into the wilderness to hide during the dark ages when the
faithfuls were being persecuted by the papacy. Chapter 17 depicts the harlot woman,
24
representing an apostate church. This ‘great whore’ is said to be the ‘mother of harlots,’
meaning that she has daughters who become much like her. The mother has generally been
identified as the Roman church. Therefore, the beast is in its papal phase when the harlot is
riding it. Here we have Church and State united. These understandings played a large role in
the Protestant Reformation.”

“Can you tie this in your Sabbath convictions?” asked Attorney Remnant.

“Sure. Revelation 12:17 describes the remnant of the pure woman’s seed, in other words, the
church in the last days. “And the dragon was wroth (angry) with the woman, and went to
make war with the remnant of her seed, which keep the Commandments of God, and
have the testimony of Jesus Christ.” The Papacy attempts to change the Commandments,
while the true church faithfully keeps God’s Commandments.”

“Didn’t Jesus have something to say to those who would discount the Commandments by
observing tradition?” probed the attorney.

“He sure did! In Matthew 15:3 and 4, Christ reproved the Jewish leaders. “Why do ye also
transgress the Commandment of God by your tradition? …” Then in verse 9 He says,
“But in vain they do worship me, teaching for doctrines the Commandments of men.”

“Now we have a very similar scenario with another of the Ten Commandments. The tradition
of the Roman church has supplanted the seventh day Sabbath,” reasoned Berea. “Note that
Jesus made this an issue of worship. “In vain do they worship me,” He said. (Also Mark
7:7-9)

“So you are saying that the issue here is worship?” asked the attorney.

“Absolutely! In Romans 6:16, Paul lays out the two sides of the issue. “Know ye not, that
to whom ye yield yourselves servants to obey, his servants ye are to whom ye obey;
whether of sin unto death, or of obedience unto righteousness?” Who you serve, who you
truly worship, is determined by who you obey. You must choose which authority to accept.
Tradition says keep Sunday, but God says the seventh day.”

“This issue of worship, in Revelation, is seen between the beast and the Lord, isn’t it?”
inquired Remnant.

“It surely is,” responded Berea. “There is a fearful warning in Revelation 14:9-11 for those
who choose to worship the beast and receive his mark of authority. Those who escape are
identified in verse 12. “Here is the patience of the saints: here are they that keep the
Commandments of God, and the faith of Jesus.” Who will we obey, the beast or God?
This is the great final test that will involve the entire world. .....

“Are you saying that Sunday keeping is related to the mark of the beast?” probed Remnant.

“Well, let’s connect all the dots.

25
 1) We have seen that the remnant will keep the Commandments of God.
2) We have also seen that one of the characteristics of the little horn, the papacy, would
be the usurpation of God’s authority in attempting to change the times and laws.
3) We have seen that there is no scriptural authority for the observance of Sunday in
place of the Sabbath of the Lord.
4) The Roman church takes credit for the change of the Sabbath to Sunday.
5) Jesus condemned setting aside God’s Commandments for the traditions of men.
6) The issue is worship, which is expressed through obedience to one side or the other.
7) The mark of the beast, his sign of authority, is placed in opposition to God’s
authority.

“At this point,” continued Pastor Berea, “we are ready to draw the line to the next dot, which
is God’s sign of authority. It was common in the Eastern documents to place the seal of
authority in the centre of the document. The Sabbath commandment is found precisely in the
center of the Decalogue. Meaning, if you count the words of the Ten Commandments and
locate the center, you will find, “Remember the Sabbath day.” Amazing?

“Objection, Your Honor,” interrupted Majority. This could be mere coincidence. I’m sure we
could find plenty of coincidences in the Bible, but they would not be safe in determining
doctrine.”

“Your Honor,” responded Remnant, “I feel certain that the witness will rely upon more than
coincidence to establish this point.”

“Objection overruled. You may continue.”

The defense attorney turned to the witness. “You do have more evidence concerning this
seal, do you not?” inquired Remnant.

“Yes, thank you. In Ezekiel 20:20 we read, “And hallow my Sabbaths; and they shall be a
sign between me and you, that you may know that I am the LORD your God.” This is
expressed in at least three other places. Therefore, the Sabbath is a sign, seal, or mark of
authority. The Hebrew word for sign in this text, according to Strong’s Concordance, may
be translated as beacon, sign, token or mark. In Isaiah 8:16, we read, “Bind up the
testimony, seal the law among my disciples.” This is the only time that the word ‘disciple’
is found in the Old Testament. It is a New Testament word, being found 234 times there. We
find that the remnant are described as keeping God’s Commandments and having the
testimony of Jesus. They also receive the seal of God as opposed to the mark of the beast.”

“So the Sabbath figures into this seal of God!” remarked the attorney.

“Yes! We now have one more dot to connect,” continued Berea. “We must demonstrate that
the mark of the beast, the sign of the papacy’s authority, is Sunday.”

“Are you able to demonstrate that?” asked Remnant.

26
“Yes, and I will do so by quoting from the Roman church itself.” Berea drew a paper from
his pocket. “C. F. Thomas, at the time, chancellor of Cardinal Gibbons, wrote emphatically
about the change of the Sabbath. I quote, “Of course the Catholic Church claims that the
change was her act. And the act is the ‘mark’ of her ecclesiastical power and authority
in religious matters.”

A rumbling of whispers could be heard throughout the courtroom. The plaintiff’s head was in
his hands and his attorney appeared dumbfounded.

“Have you any further evidence,” asked Remnant.

“I would like to share one more quote from the Catholic Church, although several could be
quoted. This one is from the Catholic publication, American Sentinel, written by one
Father Enright. I quote, “It was the Holy Catholic Church that changed the day of rest
from Saturday to Sunday, the first day of the week. And it not only compelled all to
keep Sunday, but urged all persons to labour on the seventh day under pain of
anathema. Protestants... profess great reverence for the Bible, and yet by their solemn
act of keeping Sunday, they acknowledged the power of the Catholic Church. The Bible
says, “Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy,” but the Catholic Church says, “NO,
keep the first day of the week,” and lo the entire civilised world bows down in reverent
obedience to the Holy Catholic church.” End of quote.”

With this, the courtroom erupted into a mass of whispers and comments. Judge Fair finally
pounded his gavel, restoring order.

“Pastor Berea, you have connected the dots well,” acknowledged the defense lawyer. “Is
there anything else you would like to add?”

“Just one last comment may help to bring things into better perspective. We have seen that
the Sabbath is a seal or sign. The jury may find it interesting to note that the word
‘remember’ in the fourth commandment, according to Strong’s Concordance, means ‘to
mark (so as to be recognized).’ We therefore have God’s mark versus the papacy’s mark.
And isn’t it strange, that the Sabbath is the only Commandment among the Ten that we wish
to forget?”

“Thank you, Pastor Berea. That will be all for now, Your Honor.” The satisfied attorney
returned to his seat.

“Would the prosecution care to cross-examine the witness at this time?” asked Judge Fair.

“Yes Your Honor, I would,” responded Majority.

The prosecuting attorney whispered to his client, “This may not be so easy, but I have few
ideas. In the meantime, consider the possibility of the law not being binding today. We may
have to take that route if things don’t go well with this cross-examination.”
27
The attorney arose and approached the witness. “Mr. Berea, I can see that you have done
considerable study on this subject.”

“Thank you. Yes, I have.”

“You mentioned Isaiah 56:6 and the Gentiles taking hold of the Sabbath. You claim that this
was fulfilled in the New Testament. I am not aware of Gentiles ever observing the Sabbath,
only the first day of the week.” refuted the attorney. “You are attempting to bring the Old
Testament over into the New Testament, isn’t it?”

THE TRIAL CONTINUES AS PASTOR BEREA RESPONDS TO THE QUERIES OF

THE PROSECUTING ATTORNEY. ... God bless

28
[Here are some of the videos confirming this solemn facts. Faithful Christians being
persecuted during the dark ages by Rome. They faced all manner of torture, Some were
burned alive, others were fed to hungry lions and other wild animals and their painful deaths
were turned into mockings as crowds jeered and cheered in the stadiums hence fulfilling
Hebrews 11:35-38. And others (faithfuls) had trial of cruel mockings and scourgings, yea,
moreover of bonds and imprisonment: they were stoned, they were sawn asunder, were
tempted, were slain with the sword; they wandered about in sheepskins and goatskins, being
destitute, afflicted, tormented; of whom the world was not worthy: they wandered in deserts,
and in mountains, and in dens and caves of the earth.]

[Hear from their own source, admitting that they were responsible for changing God’s law,
so this truths are open to all, not a secret or a mystery as some suppose .... A popular Pastor
and Televangelist, who runs a big ministry in Kenya, Pr. Wilfred Lai, who is a Sunday
observer, shocked his congregation in his church by preaching to them that Saturday was
the true day of worship ... indeed this is a controversy.]

29
IN THE COURTROOM: TIME FOR A VERDICT continues (7) ....

Mr. Majority is cross-examining Pastor Berea.

“As we saw in previous testimony, there is only one instance where we find Gentiles meeting
for worship on the first day,” responded Pastor Berea. “We discovered that no title was given
the day; the breaking of the bread may not have been significant, since they broke bread
daily; and Paul walked twenty miles on Sunday morning to meet the ship at Assos.

“Before we look at the Gentiles’ observance of the Sabbath, there is another vital point Paul
reminds us of. It is found in Galatians 3:15, which says, ‘Brethren, I speak after the
manner of men; though it be but a man’s covenant, yet if it be confirmed, no man
disannulleth, or addeth thereto.’ As an attorney, you know that after the death of the
testator, no one is allowed to change his will and testament. So, if Sunday was to become the
new Sabbath, or the new day of worship, it would have to be introduced by Jesus before His
death, as was the Lord’s Supper and Baptism. Obviously, He did not institute the first day.
Even after His death, the disciples, as recorded in Luke 23:56, ‘rested the Sabbath day
according to the Commandment.’

“Let us now turn our attention to the Gentiles and the Sabbath. Acts 13:42-44 reads, ‘And
when the Jews were gone out of the synagogue, the Gentiles besought that these words
might be preached to them the next Sabbath. Now when the congregation was broken
up, many of the Jews and religious proselytes followed Paul and Barnabas: who,
speaking to them, persuaded them to continue in the grace of God. And the next
Sabbath day came almost the whole city together to hear the word of God.’

“We see hear a regular routine of meeting on the Sabbath. If Sunday was the new day of
worship, why didn’t Paul invite them to come the very next day? Instead, they waited until
the following Sabbath day.”

“Perhaps the first day observance had not been well enough established by this time,”
suggested the prosecuting attorney.

“As I recall, Mr. Jambres claimed that the first day of the week was established as the new
day for worship, shortly after resurrection. But here Paul was preaching to the Gentiles about
14 years later, but there is absolutely no mention of Sunday,” said Berea.

“Alright, you have this one occurrence of meeting on the Sabbath, but it was normal for Paul
to go into the synagogues,” argued Majority.

“True. But again, he could have very easily met with the Gentiles on Sunday, had that been
the Lord’s Day,” reminded Berea. “Let’s move on to Acts 16:13 and 14. ‘And on the
Sabbath. ...” This was in the Greek city of Philippi and Lydia was from Thyatira. She was
obviously a Gentile and the most important thing to notice is that it was on the Sabbath that
prayers were made.
30
“Next we will go to Acts 17 where Paul preaches in Thessalonica. Verses 2-4, ‘And Paul, as
his manner was, went in unto them, and three Sabbath days reasoned with them out of
the Scriptures, Opening and alleging, that Christ must needs have suffered, and risen
again from the dead; and that this Jesus, whom I preach unto you, is Christ.....’

“Here we see a great multitude of Greeks who embrace the truth after hearing Paul preach on
three consecutive Sabbath days. Once, again, there is no mention at all about the first day of
the week. Surely, had Paul and his companions been meeting on Sunday, they would have
invited these Gentiles to join them. Luke was a very detailed writer, so he would surely have
mentioned it. This took place 22 years after the cross, and yet there is no hint of Sunday.
We see a continued respect, by both Jew and Greeks for the Sabbath.

“But we are not finished yet. We will proceed to Acts 18:4, where we find Paul preaching in
Corinth. ‘And he reasoned in the synagogue ‘EVERY SABBATH’, and persuaded the
Jews and the Greeks.’ This is 23 years after the cross. Still, we have no mention of the
first day. The text says ‘every Sabbath’. Sabbath after Sabbath the Gentiles came to hear
Paul. It seems strange to me, if Sunday was the Lord’s Day, that there is no recorded meeting
with the Greeks on the first day?”

The attorney was silent for a moment. He had not expected such an array of New Testament
texts. He knew that a new approach would be necessary at this point. “That will be all for
now, Your Honor.”

“Very well. The court will now recess until 3:30,” the Judge declared.

“Good,” said Majority to Mr. Sunday. “We need a chance to rethink this thing.”

That Pastor Berea was prepared, wasn’t he? The defense attorney remarked to Mr. Sabbath
as they sat in a quiet chamber.

“Indeed, he was,” agreed the smiling defendant. “What do you suppose the prosecution will
do now?”

“If my guess is correct, they will try to approach this case from a different angle. There is no
way they can continue on their present course and hope to win. I really think they are
surprised at the way things have gone.”

“Let’s hope and pray that they, themselves, will be convinced enough to become Sabbath
keepers,” offered Mr. Sabbath.

“That would be wonderful, but you know the saying, ‘A man convinced against his will is of
the same opinion still.’”

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“Well, there are a lot of people in the audience who are hearing these things for the first time.
Only God knows what may become of it.” said Sabbath. “But tell me, what do you think will
be their new strategy?”

“I think you know the answer to that.”

“Yes, I’m sure I do. They will now attempt to throw out the Ten Commandments altogether.
That’s usually the case when people fail to show a Biblical change of the Sabbath.”

“They will do anything, it seems, to defend their Sunday,” remarked the attorney. “The jury
should see the weakness, however, in the prosecution having to change their approach.”

“Who do you think they will call to the witness stand?” asked the defendant. “They surely
won’t try to use Pastor Smooth or Evangelist Jambres again.”

“No, they would both believe the Moral law is still binding. They will have to turn to
someone else.”

“No matter. By God’s grace, we should be able to handle their arguments,” Sabbath said
with assurance.

THE TRIAL CONTINUES. ...

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IN THE COURTROOM: TIME FOR A VERDICT continues (8) ....

The clock found its way to 3:30 and everyone had returned to the courtroom. Judge Fair
sorted through a few papers on his desk. Looking up over his reading glasses, he addressed
the plaintiff and his attorney. “Would the prosecution like to call a witness?”

“Yes, Your Honor. We would like to call Pastor Jannes to the stand,” responded Majority.

Jannes arose from his seat and made his way to the witness stand. After swearing in, the
prosecuting attorney had him introduce himself to the court. Jannes pastored a large non-
denominational church in the city.

“Pastor Jannes, I understand that the defendant has come into your church also, bringing his
opinions with him and creating confusion and discord. Is this correct?” inquired the
prosecuting attorney.

“Yes, sir. We have had much trouble from his teaching. A few of my members have been
deceived by him and have since left our fellowship.”

“Could you share with us how you have tried to straighten out his heresy?”

“Objection, Your Honor.” Attorney Remnant rose to his feet. “It is the purpose of this trial to
determine whether the defendant is teaching heresy.”

“Objection sustained.” Judge Fair looked down at Majority. “Perhaps you should rephrase
your words.”

“Mr. Jannes,” resumed the attorney, “how have you dealt with this perceived heresy?”

“Very simple! I have shown that we are no longer under the law, but under grace. Paul taught
this very clearly. In Romans 6:14 we read, ‘For sin shall not have dominion over you: for
ye are not under the law, but under grace.’ ”

“There are many who believe the Ten Commandments are still binding. Do you not think
so?” probed Majority.

“No. We have been made free from the law. Paul called the Ten Commandments a
‘ministration of death.’ Here, let me read it for you. It is found in 2 Corinthians 3:7 and 8.
‘But if the ministration of death, written and engraved in stones, was glorious, so that
the children of Israel could not steadfastly behold the face of Moses for the glory of his
countenance; which glory was to be done away: How shall not the ministration of the
spirit be rather glorious?’ Then in verse 11 we read, ‘For if that which is done away was
glorious, much more that which remaineth is glorious.’ ”

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“You see, that which was in stone, meaning the Ten Commandments, is done away. We are
now led by the Spirit, which is more glorious,” explained Pastor Jannes. “In verse 17 of the
same chapter, it says, ‘Now the Lord is that Spirit: and where the Spirit of the Lord is,
there is liberty.’ We have liberty in Christ. We are no longer in bondage to the law.” Christ
even said in John 4:24 that those who worship Him must worship Him in Spirit and truth.”

“I see. There are other places Paul talked about being under grace, rather than the law. Can
you share any of those?” asked Majority.

“Sure. A classic example is found in the fourth chapter of Galatians. He likens the law to
Ishmael, and grace to Isaac. He says we should cast out the bondwoman and her son and
enjoy the freedom of grace. He goes on to say in chapter 5, verse 18, ‘But if ye be led of
the Spirit, ye are not under the law.’ ”

“Didn’t Paul speak a lot about justification by faith, not the law?” asked the attorney.

“Oh yes, he made this case several times. For example, in Romans 3:20 he said, ‘Therefore
by the deeds of the law there shall no flesh be justified in his sight.’ Then in verse 28 he
adds, ‘Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith without the deeds of the
law.’ ”

“That being the case, where does the issue of the Sabbath and Sunday come in?” probed
Majority.

“That should not be an issue at all,” conjectured Jannes. “Since we are no longer under the
law, the Sabbath is inconsequential. Christians observe Sunday in honor of the resurrection.
The resurrection of Christ means a new beginning for those who believe in Him. We become
new creatures in Christ. So, just as creation began on the first day, our new creation is
remembered by observing the first day.”

“Thank you, Pastor Jannes.” Turning to the judge, Majority acknowledged that he was
finished for now.

“Would the defense like to cross-examine the witness at this time?” Offered the judge.

“Indeed I would, Your Honor.” Attorney Remnant carried with him a few notes as he
approached the witness stand. “Mr. Jannes, you are a firm believer in grace, I see.”

“Yes, I am. If not for God’s grace, we would all be lost,” assured the witness.

“I could not agree with you more, Mr. Jannes. And you may be surprised to hear that the
defendant would also agree with you wholeheartedly -- on that point, anyway. We are saved
by grace through faith, not by our works,” informed Remnant.

“I don’t understand. Why then, is there this insistence on keeping the Sabbath?” the
mystified witness asked. “That seems a bit inconsistent to me.”
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“It is also unusual for the witness to question the attorney,” Remnant said, chuckling. “But
since you asked, we’ll try, together, to answer that question.”

“I don’t think I follow you,” responded Jannes.

“You began with Romans 6:14. Allow me to read verses 14 and 15. ‘For sin shall not have
dominion over you: for ye are not under the law, but under grace. What then? Shall we
sin, because we are not under the law, but under grace? God forbid.’ It is clear then, that
grace does not give us license to sin. Would you agree.”

“Oh yes, of course I agree,” answered Jannes.

“How does the Bible define sin?” quizzed Remnant.

“Sin is wrong doing, I suppose.”

“That is a good answer, but not the Bible definition. Sin is defined in 1 John 3:4.
‘Whosoever committeth sin transgresseth also the law: for sin is the transgression of the
law.’ James says in 2:9-11 that the law convinces us of transgression and to break one
Commandment is to break them all. Apparently, the Apostles John and James did not
consider the law abolished,” explained the attorney. “Nor were they contradicting Paul, for
Paul himself said in Ephesians 6:2, ‘Honour thy father and mother; (which is the first
Commandment with promise).’ Notice the present tense – ‘is,’ not ‘was.’ He also said in
Romans 3:31, ‘Do we then make void the law through faith? God forbid: yea, we
establish the law.’ Mr. Jannes, how can you establish it, if you do away with it?”

“But we are to cast out the bondwoman,” insisted Jannes.

“I’m glad you brought that up. Let’s take another look at that analogy. Abraham and Sarah
were promised a son. When it appeared that the promise was failing, they took matters in
their own hands. They thought they could fulfill the promise by their own works. That
proved to be a disaster, the results of which still plague the Middle East to this day. The son
of promise was Isaac, the result of a supernatural work, a divine work of God. We believe the
same holds true in the matter of justification. We cannot be justified by works of the law. It
requires a divine work of God.”

“I’m delighted to know you believe that way,” admitted Jannes. “But why turn around and
keep the law again?”

“Since we are here in a courtroom today, the following analogy will be appropriate and
readily understood. Suppose you were here today for a different reason. Let’s say, God
forbid, you were summoned to court for committing murder. The penalty for that would be
death or life imprisonment. At this point, you are under the law, under its condemnation. The
law is a ‘ministration of death’ to you. You have no way out, because you are clearly
guilty. But Judge Fair decides to show you mercy, granting you clemency. You have now
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been pardoned. You are under grace. Does that give you license to go out and murder
again?”

“No, I suppose not.”

“Now that you are under grace, would you want to disappoint the judge by breaking the law
again?”

“Well, that is different.” Protested Jannes.

“No. No different. That is precisely what Paul said in Romans 6, verses 1 and 2. ‘What
shall we say then? Shall we continue in sin, that grace may abound? God forbid. How
shall we, that are dead to sin, live any longer therein?’ For clarification, let’s include the
definition of sin in this verse. ‘Shall we continue to transgress the law, that grace may
abound?’ The law is powerless to save us, we realize that. But we are still obliged to obey
the Moral law.”

“But,” interjected Jannes, “after Paul called the Ten Commandments a ‘ministration of
death,’ he said it is done away with. That seems clear to me.”

“Tell me sir, what were the Commandments written upon?” asked the attorney.

“They were engraved in stone, of course.”

“Would you read for the court this passage in Hebrews 10:16?” requested Remnant.

“Sure.” Taking the open Bible from the attorney, he read, ‘This is the covenant that I will
make with them after those days, saith the Lord, I will put my laws into their hearts,
and in their minds will I write them.’ ”

“You see the difference?” queried the attorney. “Under the Old Covenant, the law was
external, written in cold stone. Under the New Covenant, it is internalized. Jesus writes the
law within us, on the warm, fleshy tables of our hearts. The law becomes a part of our nature.
Our will is brought into harmony with the will of God. The problem was not with the law, it
was with the people. They promised to keep the law, but their promises were like ropes of
sand. The New Covenant is based upon better promises, chief of which is ‘Christ in you, the
hope of glory,’ writing the law into your very being. Instead of them being stern
prohibitions, they become promises, for God works in us, both to will and to do His good
pleasure,” Remnant expressed with enthusiasm.

NEXT IS THE FINAL PART OF THIS TRIAL AS ATTORNEY REMNANT

CONTINUES TO PROBE PASTOR JANNES, AND JUDGE FAIR IS EXPECTED TO
GIVE HIS RULING IN THIS UNFORTUNATE CASE.....Stay blessed.

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37
TIME FOR A VERDICT (9)

Pastor Jannes sat quite, contemplating what he had heard. The defense attorney continued.
“Now, you mentioned the first day is kept in honor of the resurrection. While I do not
question your motive, I must question the obligation. We have already demonstrated to the
court that there is no Commandment given to observe the first day of the week. Your analogy
of the first day of creation, and the first day being observed to remember our recreation, is a
nice bit of philosophy, but nothing more than that. You lack the most important thing -- a
‘Thus saith the Lord.’ God gave us a different kind of memorial for His death and
resurrection. It is called baptism. It depicts being buried with Him, but also risen to newness
of life (Romans 6:3-6). Now, what is the Sabbath a memorial of?”

“Well... creation,” acknowledged Jannes.

“Yes, creation. An entirely different subject,” stated Remnant. “Tell me, do you have a
problem with evolution among any of your congregation?’

“Unfortunately, yes.”

“Perhaps it would help if you kept that memorial before your flock,” advised the attorney.
“That will be all for now, Your Honor.”

The defense attorney returned to his seat. Mr. Sabbath leaned over and whispered, “Well
done! Perhaps you should consider being a Pastor.”

“Thanks, but the Holy Spirit deserves the credit,” conceded Remnant.

Judge Fair announced, “If there are no further witnesses, the court will recess for thirty
minutes. We will then have both sides deliver their final statements to the jury.”

In private quarters, Attorney Majority sat down with Mr. Sunday. “It looked like the tide was
turning on our side there for a while, but I’m not happy with the way it ended,” the dejected
attorney said.

“Well, I can’t say I was surprised,” admitted Sunday. “I knew that the antinomian approach
was risky. And we should have known the defense was ready for it. I hope you have
something up your sleeve for your final remarks to the jury.”

“I’m going to give it my best, but I sure was hoping you had a suggestion or two,” the
attorney said, half pleading.

“Well, pastors Jannes and Jambres may have failed us, but we still have the masses on our
side.”

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“That is true,” agreed Mr. Majority. “But the real question is whether the jury will be on our
side.”

Back in the courtroom, Judge Fair called for the prosecuting attorney to make his final
statements.

Majority began with all the eloquence he could summon.

“Ladies and Gentlemen of the jury. You have heard this day the very arguments that are
brought forth from time to time, in our beloved churches, that have led to disunity and
division. Mr. Sabbath has upset the harmony we have enjoyed with his legalistic doctrines.
Consider the damage done to our flocks as these Judaizers steal our precious sheep.

“I ask you, is it possible that nearly the entire Christian world could be wrong, while this
small minority is right? We have here today, members of Lutheran, Methodist, Baptist,
Presbyterian, Full Gospel, PEFA, Anglican, AIC, Holiness, Catholic, Episcopalian, non-
denominational and many other miracles and Holy Spirit churches, all of which observe the
first day of the week, Sunday. Can all these be in error? Since the earliest times, Sunday has
been observed in honor of the resurrection. Who are we to change that? How could we
dishonor our forefathers by forsaking the Lord’s Day and embracing the Jewish Sabbath?

“It is high time we put a stop to this encroachment upon Sunday, our churches, and God’s
grace. John the Revelator said, ‘I was in the Spirit on the Lord’s Day, and heard behind
me a great voice, as of a trumpet.’ Brothers and sisters in Christ, but of a great cloud of
witnesses that tell us Sunday is the Lord’s Day. For the sake of unity, you must silence the
voice of Mr. Sabbath. I trust, the masses trust, that you will preserve our harmony by finding
the defendant guilty on all charges. Thank you.”

Once again, whispers rolled through the courtroom. Heads were nodding, some one way, and
some another. As the noise began to crescendo, Judge Fair raised the gavel and rapped on his
desk. “Order in the court.” The crowd quickly returned to silence.

“Thank you, Mr. Majority. And now, Mr. Remnant, you may offer your final comments to
the jury.”

“Thank you, Your Honor.” The defense lawyer arose, holding a Bible in his right hand and
slowly gazing into the face of each juror. He began his speech with an heir of reverence for
the subject at hand.

“Ladies and Gentlemen of the jury, you have heard both sides of the issue. You have heard
the prosecution flip-flop on the subject of the law. You have heard the baseless claims put
forth for Sunday sacredness. You have seen the fraudulent statements from the so-called
fathers of the church in support of Sunday. You have heard Paul misrepresented as
abolishing the law.”

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Raising the Bible up before his hearers, he continued. “On the other hand, you have heard
many powerful texts from this Holy Book in support of both the Moral law and the Sabbath.
You have seen that the Gentiles were coming on the Sabbath day, week after week, to hear
Paul preach. You have heard the promise of the New Covenant, that God would write His
law in our hearts and minds. You have heard some of the prophecies of Daniel and
Revelation explained, which have demonstrated the great controversy between the law of
God and the commandments of men. You have heard how the Roman church has attempted
to change the day from Sabbath to Sunday, and consider it the mark of her authority during
the dark ages period when Bible believing Christians were martyred in their millions because
of their strong unwavering faith in Christ, a long period which they trampled upon the Lord’s
Sabbath and lifted their Sabbath of creating hence the reason why Sunday is greatly observed
by the majority. In Revelation 13:15-17, the Bible clearly warns us of a repeat of this
persecutions on God’s Commandment keeping people shortly before the second return of
Christ, and the issue of worship between God’s seal versus the mark of the beast will
determine loyalty or rebellion to God when the Sunday Sacredness laws will be passed. This
move is already in progress under the banner of “the New World Order”. Finally, you have
been reminded that the Sabbath is the great memorial of creation week. It was sanctified and
blessed by God before sin entered the world. It points to the only true God who made all
things. Now, I would like to remind you that Jesus is the Creator, a fact repeated several
times in the New Testament. Therefore, it was Christ who rested on that first Sabbath and it
was Christ who gave the Sabbath to mankind and faithfully observed it while He was on
earth (Luke 4:16). Jesus rested on the Sabbath after His perfect work at creation and after
His perfect work ended at Calvary. No wonder in Mark 2:27 and 28, He declared Himself
‘Lord of the Sabbath’ and also stated that the ‘Sabbath was made for man’, meaning all
humanity and not only for the Jews as believed by many.

It is true that Sabbath Commandment together with the other nine was proclaimed from Sinai
to a multitude of Jews, but that is not a reason to have nothing to do with the seventh day
Sabbath, or shall we reject the word of God and throw away the Bible because it was written
by Jews? Moses was a Jew; prophets were Jews, shall we reject Jesus because he took on
him the seed of Abraham and born as a Jew? (Hebrews 2:16) of course not, or shall the
professed Christians refuse to go to heaven because there is the name of a Jew over every
gate of the city or because the names of the Jews are on the foundations of the walls?
(Revelation 21:12,14). It is because God honored the Jews nation back then by calling them
His peculiar people and gave them the Gospel. He gave them the truth and intended them to
be the light of the world, but sadly they failed Him, Yes! But did the truth that God gave
cease to exist because Jews nation failed Him? No, Truth is still truth and Sabbath is still
Sabbath for it will never cease to exist for in Isaiah 66:22 and 23 it states that in the new
earth, ‘From one Sabbath to another, shall all flesh come to worship me, saith the Lord.’
So you see, Sabbath has no end.

“You, the jury, must now decide. It matters not what day the majority observes. Remember,
the majority ridiculed Noah’s warnings and only eight souls entered the ark. The majority
perished in the fires of Sodom and Gomorrah. The majority opposed Elijah on Mt. Carmel.
The majority put Christ on the cross. The majority followed Rome into the ‘great falling
away,’ prophesied by Paul. And during these last days Christ says in Matthew 7:13-14 that
40
the majority will follow the broad way of rebellion and only few will follow the narrow path
of true obedience to God’s laws. This point is not meant to judge or condemn our brothers
and sisters and friends who are not Sabbath keepers for the Bible has warned that we judge
no one, not even on the basis of their beliefs and convictions – for the true worshippers of
God are scattered in all the churches, yes, in every denomination is to be found the true
followers of Christ and thus He says that some of His sheep are not in His fold and He is sure
that they will hear His voice and He will bring them together in one fold, He calls them out
saying, ‘come out of her my people’ (John 10:16 and Rev. 18:4).

“Brothers and Sisters, we read in John, chapter 7, about another Sabbath debate, in which
Jesus said, ‘Judge not according to the appearance, but judge righteous judgement.’ I
trust you will do just that.

It is time for a VERDICT. MAY IT BE GIVEN IN THE FEAR AND LOVE OF GOD!

Thank you for following; and may God bless you as you make your fair judgement on
this unfortunate case!

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