WELCOME TO LESSON FIVE!

Do you have your…?

o
Textbook (hard copy)
o
Notes/Writing Materials
o GDC
o
Information Booklet
o
Brain
o
Voice
 DESCRIPTIVE
STATISTICS
12AI: 2022-23

Streeter
LANGUAGE/KEY CONCEPTS
Data

Population Sample
Census Survey
Parameter Statistic

Distribution Outliers
TYPES OF DATA – WHAT’S THE
DIFFERENCE?
Quantitative/Numerical Quantitative/Numerical
Qualitative/Categorical
Discrete (Counted) Continuous (Measured)
 Colour of Car  Number of Phones  Height of Trees
 Nationality  Shoe Size  Race Times of 100m
 Type of Pet  Number of Siblings  Weight of Luggage
 IB Subject Choices  Number of Toilets  Volume of Drink Bottles

Specific Values Theoretically ANY value

 SUMMARY STATISTICS:
MEASURES OF…
Central Tendency Dispersion

 “Average” – using one value to  “Spread” – a measure of how

represent a group of data consistent the data set is
 Mean, median, mode… how do we  Range, IQR and Standard Deviation:
know which is best to use?  Range = difference between highest and
 Mean = “fairest”, includes all data points lowest scores, includes all data points
 Median = “middle”, negates skew from  IQR = “inter-quartile range”, spread of the
outliers (“anomalies”?!)* middle 50%, negates outliers
 Mode = “most common”, can be used for  Standard Deviation = the “standard”
categorical data difference between each score and the
mean of the data set
NOTE that the context or purpose of the
analysis may determine which is best to use,  Variance = the standard deviation squared
for example, to persuade!

*note we will learn how to determine “outliers” more formally later in this unit
 COLLECTING DATA:
 Why do we use samples?
SAMPLING
Your Task: Read the notes and examples on pages 113 – 117,
and be ready to report back what are the five different ways to collect a sample.
 What are the techniques used to collect samples?
 Simple random sampling
 Systematic sampling
 Convenience sampling

 What types of samples can be used to represent “layered” populations?

 Quota sampling
 Stratified sampling

Consider and Discuss:

 Which method is best? Why?
 If one or some methods are better than others, why have so many types? Consider the aim/purpose of
collecting your sample…
DISPLAYING DATA
What do we already know?
DISPLAYING DATA
Consider the following research questions:
 What is our class’ average country of passport issuance?
 What is our class’ average number of toilets at home?
 What is our class’ average height?
 Which methods of collecting data might we use?
 Which measures of average might we use?

 How can we collect the data in an organized manner?

 Why do we tally?
 How can we present this data?
 Bar Graph v Histogram (bar label v boundary label)
 IF YOU COULD COMPETE
IN THE SUMMER
OLYMPICS, WHICH SPORT
WOULD YOU CHOOSE?

https://i2.wp.com/statsinthewild.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/screen-shot-2012-07-09-at-11-49-59-am.png
BOX AND WHISKER PLOTS –
ON GDC

 How do we graph this on the GDC?

 How do we identify the critical points?
 How do we identify outliers?

Now do: Exercise 3F, Q4, 6, 8, 9