2/17/2011 10:15:00 AM Region around a charge where electric force acts.

-beyond this region no charge or changes can cause interaction. - ratio between force (F) on a charge (Q) to the magnitude of Q. - E=F/Q ; F=EQ ELECTRICAL ENERGY y y y y y y If the charge is at rest, the energy is considered a potential energy. EPE (electric potential energy)- work done on a charge. Depends on the charges present and ready to interact EPE of like charges increases as they are moved closer to one another. EPE decreases as they move apart due to repulsive force. EPE of unlike charges increases as they are pulled apart and decrease as they move together. ELECTRIC CURRENT y y Flow of electric charges Conductors- materials that permit the flow of charges or current. o Examples: Al, Cu, Au, Fe- good conductors of electricity. y y Insulators- used to disallow the flow of charges or the flow of current. (atoms hold electrons tightly -> will not allow electrons to escape) o example: plastic, glass, rubber

OHMs Law y current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance. o I=V/R where

 

I=current V=volatage

R= resistance

ELECTRIC POWER Power-rate of doing work Electric power y rate at which electrical energy is converted into other forms of energy. Example: o Typical I-pod and a component radio with 2000 W. (both charge electrical energy into sound energy as we listen to the waves generated by these electronic gadgets. The compo\ nent possesses more power than the I-pod because it has a high voltage. o the component changes more energy every second of time elapse. measure of how fast or slow work is being done.

P= IV where: P-electric power I-electric current V-voltage

= J/s or watt(W)

electrical power explains the rate of converting electrical energy to other usual forms of energy such as heat, sound, kinetic and light. y Electrical energy=Power x time (used to calculate your monthly v vvvvconsumption of electricity -> billing statement is in kilowatt/hour CIRCUIT 1) series circuit allows only one flow of current through out the circuit -uni-directional in nature (current (I) is the same all through the circuit) Equations governing the concept of a series circuit 1) total current

2) total voltage 3) total resistance SAMPLE PROBLEM: y Resistors having different values namely; 2 ohms, 4 ohms, and 3 ohms are connected in series. If a 40 V source is connected into it, find the following: o Total resistance o Current on the total resistor o Voltage on each resistor ANSWER:

PARALLEL CIRCUIT try looking around our room or even your entire house. You will agree that here are lots of switches and outlets. Try to open all the switches and after a brief moment close it one at a time. Even you shut down one switch or outlet the rest are not affected. It means your household

wirings are not inter connected with each other. Your household wiring is connected in parallel circuit. Parallel circuit is different from series ci rcuit y y y In series circuit once you shut down the power source, all remaining loads will be shut down since it is uni directional In parallel circuits the flow of current is distributed in different direction since it is multi-directional. In parallel circuit, the voltage is constant all through out the circuit and it is the current that is being distributed in any given resistance. EQUATIONS FOR PARALLEL CIRCUITS A) total current

B) totalvolatage

C) total resistance is computed through the reciprocal of the given resistances. SAMPLE PROBLEM y Resistors with values 2 ohms, 3 ohms, and 5 ohms are connected in parallel under the influence of a voltage source measured as 50V. Compute for the: o Total resistance o Voltage n each resistor o Current on each resistor ANSWER: y Total resistance

Total voltage

Current on each resistor.

2/17/2011 10:15:00 AM

2/17/2011 10:15:00 AM