PBT LEC 1B
Fields Of Botany
 What’s Botany?
- Botany is the study of organisms that are
members of the kingdom Plantae,
generally known as plants. The word
"botany" comes from the word "botanic,"
which itself is derived from the Ancient
Greek phrase "botane," which was used to
describe plants, grasses, and pastures.
 What does a botanist do?
- Botanists are scientists who study the
biology of plants, fungi, and other
organisms such as lichens and algae. By
studying plants, botanists can track how
human activity affects the environment,
how plants reproduce and grow, and the
structure and genetic makeup of different
species.
FIELDS OF BOTANY
PLANTS AND HUMANS
 ETHNOBOTANY
- Ethnobotany is the study of a region's
plants and their practical uses through the
traditional knowledge of a local culture and
people.
 FORENSIC BOTANY
- Forensic botany is thus defined as the use
of plants and plant parts -- including as
pollen, seeds, leaves, flowers, fruits and
wood -- in the investigation of criminal
cases, legal questions, disputes, or, in non-
criminal cases, to ascertain cause of death
or former location.
 ECONOMIC BOTANY
- Economic botany is the study of the
relationship between people (individuals
and cultures) and plants.
APPLIED PLANT SCIENCE
 AGRONOMY
- Agronomy is the science and technology of
producing and using plants by agriculture
for food, fuel, fiber, chemicals, recreation,
or land conservation. Agronomy has come
to include research of plant genetics, plant
physiology, meteorology, and soil science.
 BIOTECHNOLOGY
- The process of using biological organisms
to produce useful goods Most people
today define biotechnology more narrowly
as the process of genetically altering living
things to produce goods. Plants can be
genetically modified to express certain
genes via plant biotechnology.
 FORESTRY
- Forestry is the science and craft of
creating, managing, planting, using,
conserving and repairing forests,
woodlands, and associated resources for
human and environmental benefits.
Forestry is practiced in plantations and
natural stands.
 NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
- Natural resource management is the
management of natural resources such as
land, water, soil, plants, and animals, with
an emphasis on how management affects
the quality of life of both current and future
generations.
 PLANT PATHOLOGY
- Plant pathology is the study of pathogens
and environmental factors that cause
plant diseases. Bacteria, viruses, viroids,
virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas,
protozoa, nematodes, parasitic plants,
and oomycetes are all examples of
infectious disease-causing organisms.
 BREEDING
- The development of improved plant
varieties Breeding is the process of
selecting and crossing plants with
desirable characteristics such as disease
resistance.
 HORTICULTURE
- Horticulture is the practice of growing
plants in gardens for ornamental, dietary,
or medicinal purposes. Horticulturists are
agriculturists who grow flowers, fruits,
nuts, vegetables, herbs, ornamental trees,
and lawns.
 PLANTS AND ENVIRONMENT
 PLANT ECOLOGY   PLANT BIOLOGY SPECIALTIES
- Plant ecology is a branch of ecology that
focuses on the distribution and abundance
of plants, the impact of environmental
conditions on plant abundance, and
interactions between and among plants
and other creatures.
EVOLUTION OF PLANTS
 SYSTEMATICS
- The science which treats the structure of
plants, the functions of their parts, their
places of growth, their classification, and
the terms which are employed in their
description and denomination. So the
correct option is "Methodical study of
plants, dealing with identification,
nomenclature and classification".
 PLANT TAXONOMY
- Plant taxonomy is the science that finds,
identifies, describes, classifies, and names
plants. It is one of the main branches of
taxonomy. Plant taxonomy is closely allied
to plant systematics, and there is no sharp
boundary between the two.  all scales of biological organization, from
 PLANT GENETICS 
- Plant genetics is the study of genes,
genetic variation, and heredity specifically
in plants. It is generally considered a field
of biology and botany, but intersects
frequently with many other life sciences
and is strongly linked with the study of
information systems.
 PALEOBOTANY
- Is the branch of botany dealing with the
recovery and identification of plant remains
from geological contexts, and their use for
the biological reconstruction of past
environments (paleogeography), and
the evolutionary history of plants, with a
bearing upon the evolution of life in
general. 
 ANATOMY
-The study of the tissue and cell structure of
plant organs. The term anatomy, as
applied to plants, generally deals with
structures that are observed under a high-
powered light microscope or electron
microscope.
 BIOCHEMISTRY
- Plant Biochemistry sometimes called
Plant Biochemistry, is the study of
chemical processes within and relating to
living organisms. By controlling
information flow through biochemical
signaling and the flow of chemical energy
through metabolism, biochemical
processes give rise to the complexity of
life.
 BIOPHYSICS
- Biophysics is an interdisciplinary science
that applies approaches and methods
traditionally used in physics to study
biological phenomena. Biophysics covers
molecular to organismic and populations.
 CYTOLOGY
- The exam of a single cell type, as often
found in fluid specimens. It's mainly used
to diagnose or screen for cancer. It's also
used to screen for fetal abnormalities, for
pap smears, to diagnose infectious
organisms, and in other screening and
diagnostic areas.
 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- Molecular biology is the branch of biology
that seeks to understand the molecular
basis of biological activity in and between
cells, including biomolecular synthesis,
modification, mechanisms, and
interactions. 
 MORPHOLOGY
- The study of the size, shape, and
structure of animals, plants, and
microorganisms and of the relationships
of their constituent parts. The term refers
to the general aspects of biological form
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and arrangement of the parts of a plant

or an animal.  PHYCOLOGY 
- The study of algae, which are the base of
the food chain in the aquatic
 PHYSIOLOGY environments of the world.
- Physiology deals with the functions of
plants. Its development as a sub
discipline has been closely interwoven  PTERlDOLOGY
with the development of other aspects of - The branch of botany dealing with ferns
botany, especially morphology. and related plants, as the horsetails and
club mosses.
ORGANISMAL SPECIALTIES OF BOTANY
OTHER SPECIALTIES
 AGROSTOLOGY
- The branch of systematic botany that  EDUCATION
deals with grasses, especially their - Providing knowledge and insight about
identification, classification, and plants, plant biology, and the crucial
evolution. ecological roles of plants. Includes
teaching in schools, museums and
 ALGOLOGY botanical gardens, development of
- The study of algae, a large educational materials, and science writing.
heterogeneous group of chiefly aquatic
plants ranging in size from microscopic  EXPLORATION
forms to species as large as shrubs or - Search for new, undiscovered plants.
trees.
 HISTORY
 BRYOLOGY - Development of botany as a scientific
- Bryology (from Greek bryon, a moss, a discipline.
liverwort) is the branch
of botany concerned with the scientific
study of bryophytes (mosses, liverworts,
and hornworts). Bryologists are people
who have an active interest in observing,
recording, classifying or researching
bryophytes.

 LICHENOLOGY
- The branch of mycology that studies the
lichens, symbiotic organisms made up of
an intimate symbiotic association of a
microscopic alga (or a cyanobacterium)
with a filamentous fungus.

 MICROBIOLOGY
- The study of microscopically-small living
organisms such as bacteria, archaea,
viruses, fungi, prions, protozoa and
algae.

 MYCOLOGY
- The study of fungi. It is closely
associated with plant pathology as fungi
cause the majority of plant disease.