RESEARCH PROJECT

MASTR OF COMMERCE

(M. Com)

(Code 8510)

Department of Commerce

Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities

ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY

ISLAMABAD

TITLE OF PROJECT

Long Reports in Business Research

Submitted By:

SIDDIQUE AKBAR DANISH

Submitted To:
 Madam Saira Ali

MASTER OF COMMERCE (M.COM)

Name:

Registration No:

000011916

INNER TITLE

Long Reports in Business Research

This Project is submitted to Department of Commerce, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities,

Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of

M. Com

Department of Commerce

Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities

Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad

Autumn 2022
 ATTESTATION OF AUTHORSHIP

I, SIDDIQUE AKBAR DANISH Registration No 000011916 a student of Master of Commerce in

Allama Iqbal Open University, solemnly declare that my research project entitled

Long Reports in Business Research is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and
belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person. This research
project is not submitted already and shall not be submitted in future for obtaining a degree from
same or another University or Institution. If it is found to be copied/plagiarized at later stage of
any student enrolled in the same or any other university, I shall be liable to face legal action
before Unfair Mean Committee (UMC), as per AIOU/HEC Rules and Regulations, and I understand
that if I am found guilty, my degree will be cancelled.

“Assignment No# 02”

Long Reports in Business Research

“Acknowledgment”

This Project is based on my final thoughts. First of All, I thank to my ALLAH to give me the chance to

complete this research-oriented Project and able me to express this. Many people have helped me

to complete this project successfully. I would like to thank all those involved in this project. Basically,

I will thank God for being able to complete this project successfully. Then I would like to thank my

principal (name of principal) and (subject) teacher, under whose guidance I learned a lot about this

project. His suggestions and guidance have helped in the completion of this project.
Finally, I would like to thank my parents and friends who have helped me with their valuable

suggestions and guidance and have been very helpful in various stages of completion of the project

Table of content:

1. Abstract of the topic

2. Introduction of the topic

3. Literature review

4. Procedure of long report

5. Objective of the topic

6. Merits and demerits

7. Practical study of the organization

8. Swot analysis

9. Conclusion

Long Reports in Business Research

Abstract of the Topic!

That summary is not part of the body of the report itself. Rather, an executive summary is a
brief summary of the report's contents that is often circulated separately so that potential
readers can decide whether to read the report. The abstract should briefly summarize the
entire report: why it was written, what was discovered or developed, and what the
significance of the effort is claimed to be. Abstracts do not contain figures or tables, and only
the most important numerical values or results should be given.

A report is a structured piece of writing designed to present findings or recommendations.

For a specific audience. A good report has a clear structure and is written in sections.

Subtopics When writing an assignment, you should consider its various parts.

Ask questions and use subheadings that reflect what you are asked to do. there are many

Possible ways in which you can create an academic report depending on the task has been set
Introduction of the Topic:

A report is something that should be written concisely to be able to identify the problems or
events occurring within an organization. These events can be related within the literature
which informs the readers about the issues based on the objectives. Report writing observes
three different features. We have a predefined structure, independent parts and unbiased
results. Nevertheless, you should also consider the guidelines for writing a report which is
very different. Either way, a report should be distinguished from an essay. Check out this
article to see the difference between long reports and long and short reports

Reports usually cover a wide horizon of topics but are focused on conveying information
about a particular topic and a very specific target market. The main purpose of research
reports is to provide essential details about the study for marketers to consider while
designing new strategies. Certain events, facts and other information based on events need to
be communicated to the people in charge and making research reports is the most effective
communication tool. Ideal research reports are highly precise in the information presented,
with a clear objective and conclusion. These reports should have a neat and organized format
so that the information is conveyed effectively.

A long report is the result of many weeks of hard work. It differs from a brief report in
purpose, scope, format, and many times audience. A long report provides an in-depth analysis
of an issue and may discuss a long history rather than just one or two current events.

A research report is a reliable document that describes the details of the research conducted
and is often considered as the true testimony of all the work done to achieve the research
findings.

The different parts of a research report are:

1. Abstract
2. Background/Introduction
3. Implemented methods
4. Results based on the analysis
 5. Contemplation
6. Result
7. Components of research reports
Research is essential for launching a new product/service or new feature. Markets today are
highly volatile and competitive due to new entrants every day who may or may not provide
effective products. An organization needs to make the right decisions at the right time to be
relevant in a market with updated products as per customer demands.

The details of a research report may change with the purpose of the research but the main
components of the report will remain constant. A market researcher's research approach also
influences the style of writing reports. Here are seven key components of an effective
research report:

Summary of the research report:

The entire objective along with the overview of the research is to be covered in a summary
which is a few paragraphs in length. All the various components of the research are briefly
explained under the summary of the report. It should be interesting enough to capture all the
important elements of the report.

Introduction to Research:

There is always a primary objective that the researcher tries to achieve through the report. In
the introductory section, he can cover the answers to this objective and establish a thesis that
will attempt to answer it in detail. This section should answer an essential question: "What is
the current state of the target?". After the research is completed, did the organization
successfully achieve the objective or are they still in the works – provide such details in the
introductory part of the research report.

Research Methodology:

This is the most important part of the report where all the important information is present.
Readers can analyze the quality of the content provided as well as get data for the topic and
the research can be approved by other market researchers. Thus, this section needs to be very
informative with every aspect of the research discussed in detail. Information needs to be
displayed in chronological order according to its priority and importance. Researchers should
include references if they derive information from existing techniques.

Research findings:

A brief description of the findings along with calculations made to achieve the objective will
form this section of the findings. Generally, the post-analysis presentation of the data is done
in the discussion section of the report

Research Discussion:

The findings are discussed in great detail in this section with a comparative analysis of
reports that may exist in the same domain. Any anomalies encountered during the research
will be discussed in the discussion section. When writing research reports, the researcher
must connect the dots on how the findings will apply in the real world.

Research References and Conclusions: End all research findings by citing each author, article
or piece of material from which the references are taken.

Importance of the report

1. Decision making tool

Today's complex business organizations require thousands of pieces of information. Reports

provide required information Many important decisions in business or any other field are
made based on the information presented in the reports. This is one of the major highlights of
the report.

2. Investigation

Whenever a problem occurs, a committee or commission or study group investigates the

problem to find out the cause of the problem and presents the findings in the form of a report
with or without recommendations. This is another significance of the report.

3. Evaluation
Large scale organizations are engaged in multifaceted activities. It is not possible for a single
top executive to keep a personal eye on what others are doing. Therefore, the executive
depends on reports to evaluate the performance of various departments or units.

4. Immediate location

There is no denying the fact that business executives need information for quick decision
making. (As top executives find themselves engaged in various pursuits), they require
important sources of information. Such sources may be business reports.

5. Skill development

Report writing skills develop designing, organizational coordination, judgment, and

communication strengths.

6. Unbiased presentation of facts

Facts need to be presented in an unbiased manner. Such presentation is ensured by a report as

it independently investigates, explains and evaluates any facts.

7. Professional development

Report also plays an important role in professional achievements. For advancement to a rank-
and-file position, satisfactory job performance is sufficient to qualify a person. But for
promotion to a higher position mental capacity is very much needed. Such capacity can be
expressed through a report submitted to higher authorities.

8. Adequate control

Whether the activities are going as planned or not is expressed through the report. Therefore,
controlling activities are implemented based on the information in a report.

9. Administrative Tool

Various reports simplify activities for managers. To plan, organize, coordinate, motivate, and
control, a manager needs support from a report that serves as a source of information.
10. Facing a pre-existing and complex situation

In a large business organization, there are always labor issues of some kind which can lead to
complicated situations. To deal with this situation, managers take the help of a report.

How to Write a Formal Business Report

Follow this step-by-step guide to create a professional business report:

1. Plan before writing

Treat a formal business report like you would a project. Before you start compiling the
research and writing the sections, plan exactly what you want to achieve. By doing this, you
will have a better chance of creating a report in a clear and simple manner.

2. Check the internal format.

The company you work for may already have an established format for formal business
reports. Check your company handbook or ask the person who wants the report to see if there
is a specific format you should use.

3. Add a title.

You can find a report title with a brief or you can write it yourself. Make sure the title is clear
and visible at the beginning of the report. You should also include your name and the names
of others who worked on the report and the date you wrote it.

4. Write a table of contents.

The contents page should follow the title and authors. A list page is essential for a formal
report that is long and complex. Although this page comes at the beginning of the report, it
should be written last when the report is finished. Write the section headings exactly as they
appear in each section of the report and make sure the page numbers match.

5. Add a summary or synopsis.

An abstract summarizes the main points of a formal business report. Having this section can
be beneficial to the reader, but it is not mandatory, especially if your report is short. It is best
to ask the person who requested the business report if they prefer an abstract or an abstract.
Although the summary comes at the beginning of the report, you should write it at the end,
along with the contents page, so you can include notes from your conclusion and
recommendations section.

The abstract should tell the reader about your findings and even draw conclusions from your
conclusion. A brief overview of what the reader will find in the report is also important.

What does a report look like?

Now that we've covered the most relevant types of reports, we'll answer the question: What
does a report look like?

As mentioned at the beginning of this insightful guide, static reporting is a thing of the past.
With the rise of modern technologies like self-service BI tools, the use of interactive reports
in the form of business dashboards has become more and more popular among companies.

Unlike static reports that take time to generate and are difficult to understand, dashboards are
intuitive. Their visual nature makes them easy to understand for any type of user, and they
provide businesses with a centralized view of their most important performance indicators for
better decision-making. Here we'll cover 10 useful dashboard examples from various
industries and functions to put the value of dashboard reporting into perspective.

Practical study of the organization:

Coca Cola
1.2. Introduction to Coca Cola

For the Coca Cola SWOT analysis, it is crucial to know about its past and future planning.
The Coca-Cola Company is a multinational beverage corporation in the U.S.A. It is engaged
in the manufacturing, marketing, retailing of syrups and non-alcoholic beverage concentrates.
Coca-Cola is now a leading name. It is a carbonated soft drink brand that the Coca-Cola
Company manufactures. Since the very inception, the company has made its mark in the soft
drink market. In the beginning, it was famous among people as a refreshment drink.

It has undergone many changes for years to better its service and taste through experiments
and collaborations. As of now, the company has 150,000 employees. It works in a franchised
distribution system. Consistency and its practical and dynamic marketing strategies are the
secrets of the success and limelight that the company enjoyed. It made a humble beginning in
the year 1886 and has stood firm in the face of adversities ever since.

2. SWOT Analysis of Coca Cola

The Coca Cola SWOT analysis can find out the strategies that can help the company to
strengthen its position and maximize revenue. It identifies the effects of competition and
weaknesses as per the culture and organizational structure. The company can rebuild its
strategies and actions by considering opportunities. The company can look for business
expansion to earn profit and long-lasting stability in the market. It can also adapt to newer
technologies.

2.1. SWOT Analysis of Coca Cola in Detail

Strength:

• For Coca Cola, the very first step is to expand their market into high purchasing
capability areas. Market penetration seems important for majority of companies.
Then, only innovation could make greater progress in this industry:
• Coca Cola is the top-most beverage brand with a presence in 200 countries, it bagged
the highest brand equity award in 2011;
• The company valuation of Coca-Cola is $79.2 billion. Its subsidiaries include Limca,
Sprite, Fanta, Thumps Up, Maaza, Kinley Water, Minute Maid;
• The company has the most robust supply chain and delivers a product in the remotest
places. The vast global presence has made it created its brand image;
• It associates with celebrity brand ambassadors for advertising and marketing. It
maintains a good marketing strategy. Coca Cola enjoys customer loyalty;
• The company performs CSR activities in water conservation, education, health, and
recycling, it has an association with international sports events and sponsorship, the
company is moving towards sugar-free options, water, and juice.
Weakness:

• Besides its strengths, it is also crucial for a company to know its weakness. Once they
identify the reasons affecting their growth, they can take the necessary steps to negate
their impact:
• PepsiCo aerated drinks are giving it tough fights over market share;
• The company's soft drinks have high sugar content and other chemicals that have
health concerns;
• Unlike PepsiCo, the company has not yet initiated a food business. The focus is
primarily on beverages. More so, until now, it has not shown any interest to make
healthy beverages;
• Though the company has a wide variety of brands, it is primarily dependent on Sprite
and Coca-Cola brands;
• The company has faced flak for water management issues and exploiting groundwater
even in water-scarce regions.
Opportunities:

• The company's performance assessment shows how they can use the available
opportunities in their favor. The company can concentrate on the ones that align with
their strengths. As a top-rated brand, Coca Cola has several strengths which allow
them to use many of the opportunities to ensure their growth:
• It can increase its reach in untapped countries to boost the Coca-Cola market and
supply-chain improvement;
• The company can popularise lesser-known products. It must utilize the scope to
acquire other companies and strengthen the company;
• It can diversify its product portfolio by starting the snacks industry to compete with
PepsiCo. It can also start a full-fledged business for health drinks;
• Kinley’s expansion is not at the level of Bisleri. It can grow its business for packaged
drinking water.
 Threats:

• how to keep the first position of beverage industry in the world seems the priority for
Coca Cola, since there are substantial brand-new vegan and other organic beverage
brands grown fast:
• People are interested in making healthy choices these days and so are avoiding
aerated drinks. To source, raw material is a significant concern;
• It is facing difficulty in complying with different government norms and regulations
in other countries;
• The recent economic slowdown, inflation, and instability have affected its market
share;
• Strong competitors like PepsiCo, Nestle, Gatorade, Lipton, Danone, Schweppes are
giving it a tough fight.
How we right clear long report for an organization

An effective report can be written going through the following steps-

1. Determine the objective of the report, i.e., identify the problem.
2. Collect the required material (facts) for the report.
3. Study and examine the facts gathered.
4. Plan the facts for the report.
5. Prepare an outline for the report, i.e., draft the report.
Conclusion

Nowadays, report writing is convenient for multiple purposes. Reports are an

informative communication process for society. Reports are written to inform society
about a particular topic or news. Reports can cover a wide range of information on a
topic and deliver the right perspective of an issue to the audience. Reports are written
on a specific topic to serve in front of some particular audiences. The quality of a
report depends on its elements, such as accuracy, objectives, information, format,
completion, etc. The quality of a report decides how acceptable it will be to the
audience.